The five strongest lineups of the Twin Cities Cup in the Battle of the Golden Shovel: the White Devil Bodyguard Sniper, the Variant Holy Shield Big Mouth Lineup, the Syndicate Akali, the Pinduoduo Blasting and Killing the Rat King, and the Reward Turn to the Ninth Five-Year Plan. These lineups have all climbed to the top on five platforms, including an upgraded version of the White Devil Bodyguard Sniper — — Jess, who keeps secrets, is particularly prominent.

　

First, the battle of the golden shovel The lineup of the White Devil bodyguards in the Twin Cities Cup qualifiers

1. The white magic bodyguard being a hero:

Miss Doom, Ember, Bloom, Jess, Tariq, brits, Arianna, Janna, Yumi.

　

2. White magic bodyguard sniper equipment:

Leona’s preferred equipment:An archangel’s staff, a sniper’s coat of arms, a spear of a new moon.

Ember preferred equipment:The last whisper, giant catcher, mercury

Jess preferred equipment:Titan’s determination, thorn armor, African claws

Bloom preferred equipment:Thorn armor, African claws, fanatic armor

Youmi preferred equipment:morellon omicon

3. White Magic Bodyguard Sniper Heicks Technology:

The heart of the sniper, the soul of the white wizard, standing behind me, the heart of the bodyguard, hitting the weakness and soaring.

Second, the battle of the golden shovel The Shuangcheng Cup qualifier variant Shengdun big mouth lineup

1. The mutant saint shield big mouth hero:

Galen, Kemo, Catherine, Graves, Mondo, Jess, brits, Casadin, Tam.

2. Variant holy shield big mouth equipment:

Galen preferred equipment:Maniac armor, African claws, thorn armor.

Kekemo’s preferred equipment: the violent blade of Ghost Rope, the fist of justice, and the giant catcher.

3. Variation of Shengdun Big Mouth Heicks Technology:

Badminton player I, the heart of the holy shield, soaring, the heart of the mutant warrior, unstable evolution, and fighting spirit against the wind

　

Third, the battle of the golden shovel Syndicate Akali lineup in the Twin Cities Cup qualifiers

1. Syndicate Akali hero:

Akali, Sacco, Bloom, Jiela, Dreius, Tariq, Janna, Arianna.

2. Syndicate Akali equipment:

Akali preferred equipment:Infinity edge, guardian angel, archangel’s staff

Bloom preferred equipment:Maniac armor, African claws, thorn armor.

Sacco preferred equipment:Infinity edge, the violent blade of Guisuo

Jiela preferred equipment:morellon omicon

3. Syndicate Akali Heicks Technology:

The crown of the syndicate, the crown of the assassin, the smoke bomb, the battle of cutting throat, soaring, the heart of the syndicate

　

Fourth, the battle of the golden shovel, the Twin Cities Cup qualifier, Pinduoduo exploded and killed the rat king lineup

1. Pinduoduo killed the hero of the rat king:

Twitch, Camille, Isoriel, Kieran, Xin Jide, Warwick, Jess, Salfenny.

2. Pinduoduo blasting kill flowing rat king equipment:

Twitch’s preferred equipment:Infinity edge, the last whisper, Hurricane Luana.

Camille’s preferred equipment:Redemption, African Claw, Thorn Armor

Akali preferred equipment:Archangel’s staff, guardian angel

Xin Jide’s preferred equipment:morellon omicon

Isoriel’s preferred equipment:Thief gloves

Jess preferred equipment:Thief gloves

3. Pinduoduo explodes and kills the stray rat Wang Haike Technology:

Direct attack weakness, featherweight player II, golden ticket, Pandora’s equipment, instant injection, featherweight player III.

　

Five, the battle of the golden shovel Shuangcheng Cup qualifiers bounty to the ninth five-year line-up

1. The bounty turns to the hero of the Ninth Five-Year Plan:

Early stage:Bounty hunters: Illaoi, Tam, Captain, Female Gun, Quinn 4 fights: Tam, Wei, Mondo, Zach (Big Bug).

Later period:Jin Kesi, Kasha, Jess, Tam, Yumi, Gariod, Mondo.

2. Bounty to Ninth Five-Year Plan Equipment:

Kasha:Ghost rope’s violent blade, pearlescent armguard, fist of justice.

Jinkesi: Pearl Guard, infinity edge, Giant Catcher

Jess:Thorn armor, Titan’s determination, African cat: ghost book, auxiliary outfit

Tam:Faqiangzhuang

Mondo:African claw, thorn armor, fanatic armor.

3. The reward is transferred to Heicks Science and Technology in the Ninth Five-Year Plan:

Bounty hunter’s soul, bounty hunter’s heart, ancient archives, clear mind, unexpected wealth, fighter’s soul, Titan’s strength, high-end shopping.

　

　

-Speech at the 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Work Conference of the State Language Commission.

　　Vice Minister of Education and Director of the State Language Committee　　 Zhao qinping

　　(28 November 2006)

Dear experts and comrades,

　　The 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Conference of the State Language Commission was held here today to summarize the scientific research work of the State Language Commission and local language commissions during the 10th Five-Year Plan, discuss the 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan for the application of spoken and written languages, and study and deploy the scientific research work of the language commission system. At the same time, the 43rd national Putonghua proficiency tester qualification examination training course started here today. Putonghua training test is one of the three basic measures to promote Putonghua, which has made remarkable achievements in the past ten years. I would also like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the vast number of testers, experts and scholars who participated in testing research and comrades in various regions and industries who care about and support this cause!

　　Below I will talk about three aspects of the scientific research work on the application of language and characters in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.

　　Building a harmonious language life is the goal of language work.

　　On October 11th, 2006, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) adopted the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues in Building a Harmonious Socialist Society. The "Decision" holds that: "Social harmony is the essential attribute of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guarantee for the country’s prosperity, national rejuvenation and people’s happiness." "Social harmony is the unremitting goal of our party."

　　Language is the most important symbol system for human communication and thinking, an important part of culture and the most important cultural carrier. The attribute of language determines that language life is an important part of social life, and the harmony of language life is an important manifestation of social harmony and an important factor to promote social harmony. To build a harmonious society, language and writing workers have an important historical mission.

　　At present, China’s language life is harmonious on the whole, but there are also many problems that need to be treated scientifically and properly. For example:

　　1. The relationship between Mandarin and dialects;

　　2. The relationship between the languages of all ethnic groups in China;

　　3. The relationship between mother tongue education and foreign language learning;

　　4. Protection of endangered languages;

　　5. The relationship between the international spread of Chinese and the domestic language and writing work;

　　6. The communication of language life between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait;

　　7. Language communication among Chinese communities in the world;

　　8. Language and writing problems in virtual space in China.

　　To treat the problems in current language life scientifically and properly, we must understand the national conditions of the language. It is necessary to monitor and study the situation of language life, especially the hot issues of language life, and make a scientific analysis by setting up a national language resource monitoring and research center. It is necessary to advocate a pragmatic style of study, support the field investigation of local languages, and support the investigation and study of language life in all fields of society. We should pay attention to summing up the historical achievements of language and writing work in China, draw lessons from foreign experience reasonably, and be good at summing up the laws from today’s work practice. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of the national language policy and language standards, attach importance to the popularization of linguistic scientific achievements, actively provide high-quality language services to the society, help all sectors of society and the general public solve the language problems they encounter, and guide the language life to develop in a harmonious direction.　

　　Second, language science is the basis for doing a good job in language and writing.

　　The development of language and writing is regular, and the work of language and writing must follow the development law of language and writing. Language life is constantly developing and changing, and language work must grasp the basic situation and development trend of language life.

　　Great achievements have been made in the language and writing work in New China for more than 50 years, which has made important contributions to China’s cultural construction, scientific and educational development and economic and social progress, and also provided a solid foundation for today’s national informatization process. At the end of March this year, the meeting held by the Ministry of Education and the State Language Committee to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the publication of the State Council’s Resolution on the Simplification of Chinese Characters and the Instruction on Promoting Putonghua, and the academic seminar on the standardization of language and characters jointly held by the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Language Application of the Ministry of Education have made a good summary. Of course, there have been some mistakes in the work of language and writing in history, leaving a profound lesson. Historical practice shows that the effectiveness of language work depends on the understanding of the law of language development and the understanding of language life and its development trend. Therefore, in order to do a good job in language and writing, we must strengthen the research of language science.

　　In language science, basic research is very important, and the application research of language and writing plays a more direct role in the work of national language and writing. The basic research needs to be strengthened, but the applied research of language and writing develops late, with less achievements, which needs to be strengthened more. We should strive to form a relatively complete discipline system and education system of applied linguistics within a few years, establish a number of dynamic scientific research bases and talent training bases of applied linguistics, and cultivate a large number of applied linguistics talents with modern academic vision, innovative consciousness and compound nature to meet the needs of the country for applied linguistics. The discipline construction of applied linguistics should be put on the agenda, and a seminar on the discipline construction of applied linguistics can be held when necessary. The discipline construction of applied linguistics is more extensive than the scientific research of applied linguistics, including the construction of bases, the determination of research directions, the construction of teaching staff and the setting of degrees. From the perspective of scientific research, discipline construction emphasizes the research direction; From the perspective of personnel training, it emphasizes knowledge structure and curriculum system.

　　The country pays more and more attention to the interdisciplinary research between natural science and humanities. Applied linguistics is an applied discipline, especially with information technology, and also involves psychology, law, education and so on. In the past, the key laboratories of the Ministry of Education paid little attention to interdisciplinary subjects, especially those lacking the intersection of natural science and social science. In recent years, the country has begun to promote interdisciplinary subjects, especially the combination of natural science and social science, such as new media and digital art. Applied linguistics, especially computational linguistics, is a typical combination of information technology and linguistics. We should establish some bases in these areas, and these bases can become key laboratories of the Ministry of Education to a certain extent. I hope to see such key laboratories during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. The knowledge structure of applied linguistics talents should have at least three aspects: linguistic knowledge, interdisciplinary knowledge (such as information technology) and related cultural qualities.

　　Informatization is a subject that all countries in the world are very concerned about. Standardization and informatization of language and characters are the basis of realizing social informatization. It is important to promote the standardization and informatization of language and writing as an important task of applied linguistics research and as an important task of national language and writing work. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the introduction of modern information technology achievements into language research, into the application of social language and writing, and into the work of language and writing, so as to realize the modernization of language research means and language and writing work means.

　　 It is necessary to strengthen the research on the evaluation system of language and characters. The Putonghua training test in China has been carried out for more than ten years and has made great achievements. The proficiency test of Chinese characters is about to begin, and I believe it will also play a good social role. The Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK) for Chinese as a second language and the Chinese Proficiency Test (MSK) for ethnic minorities have been implemented successively, which has achieved good social reputation. However, we still lack the language proficiency assessment system of Chinese as the mother tongue. On the one hand, it is necessary to gradually improve the current Putonghua proficiency test and writing application ability test, and gradually adopt modern means to improve the quality and efficiency of testing and management; At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the evaluation system of language application in some important countries in the world, and strive to complete the comprehensive evaluation system of Chinese native speakers’ language ability in recent years in order to meet the needs of mother tongue education in schools at all levels and meet the needs of social industry access system and on-the-job training. This evaluation system, in cooperation with HSK and MSK, can form a complete Chinese proficiency test system in China.

　　Promoting scientific research is an important task for language committees at all levels.

　　Language and writing work is social, contemporary and academic. Especially in the current society, language concepts are diversified and language life is complicated. Language and writing management is always facing new situations and solving new problems. Therefore, it is necessary to have a solid scientific research as the foundation and a large number of experts as the backing to do a good job and improve the quality and efficiency of the work. Promoting the study of language science is an important task of language committees at all levels.

　　There are many departments concerned about language science research, and there are also many foundations involved in language research. In close contact with these departments and foundations, the State Language Committee should also formulate its own scientific research plan, set up scientific research teams and guide and coordinate the scientific research work of local language committees according to the work functions entrusted by the state. Apply for projects through multiple channels and strive for project funds. Because applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary subject, evaluation system and software construction can all apply for project funds from the science and technology department.

　　Local language and writing institutions should scientifically plan their local scientific research work, have the initiative to coordinate the local language and writing research work, and play an important role in the local language and writing research work. Local language committees should put scientific research on the agenda, incorporate it into the relevant work evaluation index system, implement the responsibility of scientific research management to people, and gradually form an incentive mechanism for language research. It is necessary to formulate scientific research plans according to local conditions, scientifically solve problems in local language life through academic research, and make contributions to the national language and writing research work. We should pay attention to the role of local universities and academic groups and rely on experts and scholars closely. It is necessary to give full play to subjective initiative, raise funds for scientific research in various ways, and comprehensively use traditional means and modern information technology to do a good job in publicizing and popularizing language policies and language norms and standards. Scientific research should be regarded as a new bright spot in the work of the Language Committee in the new period, so that the quality and management level of language and writing work in various places can be effectively improved through scientific research.

　　Comrades, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, with the efforts of national language researchers and language committees at all levels, China’s language application research has achieved fruitful results, and remarkable progress has been made in the development of language standards, information-processing-oriented language application research, tracking and monitoring of social language life, and modernization of research methods and information service means. A new situation has emerged in the national and local language and writing work, and new achievements and measures have been made in the legal construction of language and writing work, the evaluation of urban language and writing, the promotion of Putonghua, and the construction of language and writing training and evaluation system. On this basis, China’s future language and writing work, China’s future language and writing scientific research work, will certainly achieve greater results.

　　We should strive to promote the harmony of language life and contribute to the sustainable development of the country, the construction of an innovative country and the construction of a harmonious society!

　　Thank you!　

An in-depth survey of science and technology finance every day

Walking into the story behind business

Source: Blizzard China official Weibo

Over 500,000 players call overnight.

Writing/Meng Huiyuan

Editor/Li Jinlin

Typesetting/Annalee

In recent days, the game circle’s "Xi Fei returned to the palace" drama began.

On April 10th, Blizzard officially announced that it had reached an agreement with Netease to return to the China market, and vividly interpreted what it meant to be "divorced for nearly a year and a half, and it was better to return home".

At the beginning, when "wrangling" happened, Blizzard and Netease blamed each other, and the scene was once very ugly. Now, with Hershey, Blizzard and Netease can sit together again and discuss the compensation benefits for players. Of course, judging from various signs, the combination of game manufacturers is not only the need of their own development, but also the entanglement of interest exchange.

But no matter what kind of consideration, the behavior of the game company, only the players are finally injured.

Abandoned veteran player: I can’t stop cursing and can’t let go.

After Blizzard officially announced that its games will begin to return to the domestic market in the summer of 2024, netizens were excited for a while, and the excitement was comparable to that of the New Year.

Some people recall the past and want to relive the beauty of the game time: "I miss the vegetable garden on my mid-mountain, I miss whether my sunflower has eaten well, whether the song can be sung, and whether it will only be sung to me. I miss my hearthstone Tianma, which is healthy and unhealthy, and I will ride it to soar in the sky and travel all over Azeroth."

Some people care about the gains and losses, urging the players to pay compensation during the suspension period: "It is a good thing to return, but there are also some concerns to be raised here. For example, during the suspension of service, the store tokens and the monthly and annual rewards of the store; Rewards, prestige, illusion, etc. that are often missing in various activities (holiday activities) and weeks during the period of stopping taking medicine; The pvp season rewards that were missing during the suspension period, etc. The catch-up mechanism after the new service. If the above content is not handled well, the reopening of the national service is also the carnival of the studio. "

Others scolded from the beginning to the end, claiming that the most innocent players were gamers: "At that time, one person acted as if he didn’t need China players at all, and the other person said that the other party wanted our information to touch the bottom line. What does it mean to make up now? What is not the bottom line is not as important as money. "

Game players are all in phase.

Qin Zhen, a veteran Warcraft player, thinks that all the seemingly opposing voices on the Internet are understandable. "For example, the game World of Warcraft is basically a lot of youthful memories of the post-80s and post-90s. For this typical emotional game, the more people scold it, the more they love it. Moreover, scolding it is also afraid that it will abandon domestic players again. It’s a fatal blow that memories of youth, who has spent so many years, said no, no, no,no. "

"Imagine that one day Jay Chou collapsed and all the songs could not be heard. Can you accept it as an iron powder?" Qin Zhen told Zinc Scale that one of the most popular sayings among players now is: "Don’t forget that players are just victims of Microsoft and mobile violence". The point that makes everyone unhappy is that "the game company acts to let the players pay the bill. But the problem is that the player is innocent! " .

Obviously, at the beginning, Blizzard and Netease suddenly got divorced, which caught the players off guard. However, it seems sincere to see all kinds of promises and actions made by Blizzard officials after their return.

The discovery of zinc scale has been clearly mentioned in "Try to heal, then recover excessively-a letter to the national service Blizzard gamers", "When the server is turned on, we will ensure that your account data is completely preserved", directly feeding the players who are willing to return. A reassurance.

In addition, when Netease is recruiting for Blizzard Games, the released job requirements can also be seen as additional requirements such as "arranging sincere compensation content when the server restarts" and "fully understanding the game content during the suspension period, and arranging appropriate operational content to help players regain the opportunity to obtain these contents as much as possible".

These actions have made many Blizzard players who are "outspoken" consciously wait for the specific opening time. By the time the zinc scale was published, 525,000 people had reserved World of Warcraft. "Anyway, I have already made an appointment. The new’ cake’ drawn by the game company is delicious. Wait until I taste it first." Qin Zhen said so.

Looking at the market, Blizzard can’t let go of millions of players.

From November 2022, Blizzard announced that it would break up with Netease, and on April 10, 2024, Blizzard officially announced that it would return to cooperate with Netease again. Blizzard, which had made a high-profile announcement to withdraw from the China market, also chose a high-profile return after nearly a year and a half of absence (Blizzard’s Battle.net server in China was officially closed on January 24, 2023).

In fact, looking back, the reason why Blizzard and Netease "divorced" has been inconclusive.

At that time, it was rumored that the cooperation conditions proposed by Blizzard were harsh, requiring Netease to develop other IP mobile games for global distribution, but Netease was not allowed to share the proceeds except China, and Netease was required to provide a deposit and two-year advance payment. In addition, Blizzard also wants to control all intellectual property rights and data control for China players.

The statement issued by Blizzard said, "Because Netease has not reached a renewal agreement that conforms to Blizzard’s operating principles and promises to players and employees". In this regard, Netease said, "The conditions put forward by Blizzard are harsh, and it is impossible to reach an agreement on some key terms involving sustainable operation and the core interests of China players."

In other words, the core interests of the two companies are inconsistent, and cooperation will naturally not continue.

Although we can’t cooperate for the time being, the China market really smells good. After all, Activision Blizzard mentioned in the financial report of the third quarter of 2022 that the blizzard works jointly launched with Netease in Chinese mainland contributed about 3% of Activision Blizzard’s total revenue. According to the report of the new knowledge of the game, if the blizzard part is taken out independently, the "3%" here is equivalent to 13.5% of the revenue in 2022, equivalent to about 1.603 billion yuan.

Mike Ybarra, president of Blizzard, also said in an interview with the media: "There are millions of players in Chinese mainland who love Blizzard games, and everyone in Blizzard wants to make sure that they can play our games. We are a global company, and I hope Blizzard games will spread all over the world, including Chinese mainland. Therefore, when we make progress, we will evaluate this and see what will happen. "

The opportunity of "remarriage" appeared in October 2023, but this time the main body of cooperation with Netease changed from Blizzard to Microsoft.

According to a number of media reports, shortly after Microsoft officially acquired Activision Blizzard, the parent company of Blizzard Entertainment, for about 68.7 billion US dollars, it began to renegotiate the return of Blizzard’s national service with Netease, and it was basically finalized in December last year that it would re-cooperate. One of the clear clues is that on December 20, 2023, Netease Great God platform re-launched the World of Warcraft community.

Blizzard officially announces return

Anyway, now the boots have finally landed successfully. Even though we broke up with Netease, on the basis of cooperation for more than fifteen years in the past, this wonderful drama of reconciliation after breaking up always gives people an unexpected but reasonable feeling.

On the one hand, it is the version number problem. Blizzard’s whole family has a total of 12 version numbers registered under Netease’s name. If Blizzard changes its agent, it is necessary to reapply for the version number after the game stops serving, and the number of imported version numbers is more scarce than that of domestic games. On the other hand, it is a physical server. Even if the agent is changed, Blizzard has to get back the historical user data, which is now in Netease’s hands.

Therefore, in the eyes of many people in the industry, Netease has almost become a necessary option for Blizzard’s return, and the release of cooperation news only confirms their judgment.

Netease, the "pick-up man", laughed?

From Netease’s perspective, it was very ugly when we broke up with Blizzard.

Netease once fiercely countered in an official statement, "Blizzard’s proposal is outrageous, inappropriate and not in line with business logic", calling it "overconfident" and "take whatever you want, ride a donkey to find a horse, and get divorced". Netease canteen has also launched new dishes "Blizzard Green Tea Rape" and "Blizzard Green Tea Small Pacai", directly playing with stalks to insinuate Blizzard.

But once again, Netease is willing to actively strive for it.

Thanks to the help of mobile games such as Egg Party and Going Against the Water, and the stable performance of Fantasy Westward Journey, Netease’s game business revenue reached 81.6 billion yuan in 2023, up 9.4% year-on-year, accounting for 78.8% of the total revenue. This achievement made Netease offset the impact of its breakup with Blizzard in early 2023, and also drove the annual revenue to pass the 100 billion mark in one fell swoop.

However, the competition in the game industry in the domestic market is fierce. Take the Egg Party, which Netease values most, as an example. Although it has brought it a lot of revenue, the Egg Party is often caught in the whirlpool of negative public opinion of "inducing recharge" and "minors paying a large amount". At the same time, the same type of game "Yuan Meng Xing" created by Tencent’s late arrival has performed well, which has also brought a lot of pressure on the business performance of "Egg Party".

However, with the World of Warcraft, Hearthstone, Warcraft, Watching Pioneer, Diablo and StarCraft, and other games under Blizzard, they began to return to the Chinese mainland market one after another this summer. Netease can not only gather the hearts of a wave of old players, but also continue to rely on these classic games to increase their profitability, and can look forward to transforming these online games IP into mobile games IP later (Netease and Blizzard jointly produced the mobile game Diablo: Immortality before the "breakup", and the game performed well).

Blizzard game family barrels will return one after another.

In this way, after the second cooperation, Blizzard may make a small profit, but Netease will definitely not lose money. According to the latest report released by JPMorgan Chase, the re-cooperation between Netease and Blizzard is expected to bring 3% to 4% of the online game revenue of Netease.

What’s more, Microsoft also reached an agreement with Netease to try to bring new Netease games to Xbox and other platforms.

In this regard, Zhang Yi, CEO and chief analyst of Ai Media Consulting, said in an interview with Securities Daily that Netease also needs to increase its overseas revenue share. Microsoft promotes Netease games to log on to Xbox, which can give overseas players more opportunities to understand Netease’s game products. It is very important to enhance Netease’s brand influence and market share in overseas markets, and it is also an easy shortcut for Netease.

Generally speaking, the re-cooperation between Netease and Blizzard is not only the best choice made by them from their own personal perspectives, but also a win-win "commercial marriage".

END

Menghuiyuan

Email: coopert@163.com.

Introduction: You can talk about poetry and distance, and you can also talk about tea and streamer.

Focus areas: streaming media, Internet medical care.

Zinc scale

An in-depth survey of science and technology finance every day

　　BEIJING, Beijing, September 14 (Reporter Zhang Ni) In recent years, with the promotion of burden reduction in primary and secondary schools, the school hours of primary schools in many areas have advanced to around 3: 30. However, children leave school early and parents leave work late, which makes many parents feel embarrassed — — It is unrealistic to ask for leave, and there are many concerns about the custodian. How should we solve the "3: 30 problem"?

　　Parents are worried about picking up their baby after school at 3: 30.

　　"When I get to school, I have a headache. My wife and I both go to work. The off-duty time is five or six o’clock, but children usually leave school at three or four o’clock, and picking up children has become a problem." Mr. Wang, a citizen who lives in Haidian District, Beijing, said that every time he started school, he began to worry about picking up the baby.

　　Mr. Wang’s son is in the fourth grade. Before that, Mr. Wang’s mother helped to pick him up, but in the past two years, because his mother was in poor health, he had to pick him up with his wife.

　　"Now the school has after-school activities three days a week, and the school time is relatively late. I will rotate with my wife for the remaining two days. Whoever is not busy will pick up the children in advance." Mr. Wang said that because the school is close to home, he and his wife planned to let the children go to school by themselves after they entered the fifth and sixth grades, but he was still a little worried.

　　Mr. Wang’s experience is also a portrayal of the real life of many young parents. In order to solve the problem, many elderly people took the initiative to take over the heavy responsibility of receiving the baby. Ms. Shen, 66, is one of them.

　　Ms. Shen lives in Haidian District. Her grandson is in the first grade of primary school this year. Because both her son and daughter-in-law have to work, the job of picking up and dropping off the children is given to her.

　　"I have to go back and forth between home and school several times a day, and I have to walk on the road for nearly an hour a day." Ms. Shen said that because she is in good health, she can accept it, but I am afraid that the elderly who are in poor health will be a little overwhelmed.

　　"Last year, my son asked for a second child, and I hired a nanny to take the second child at home. I can still be busy when I send the boss. When the second child starts to go to kindergarten, I have to pick up two. Without a nanny, I will definitely be too busy." Ms. Shen said.

　　Market demand gives birth to trusteeship fever

　　The problem of parents picking up their children has also left business opportunities for off-campus hosting institutions, and the fees of such institutions are expensive.

　　A few days ago, the reporter consulted a primary school care institution in Zhongguancun, Beijing, and learned that the cost of hosting a primary school student in this institution is 1,480 yuan per month, while the student’s meal fee is calculated separately, which is the charging standard for each meal in 20 yuan. In this way, if a primary school student has dinner once a day in a custody institution, the monthly expenses add up to nearly 2,000 yuan, which is not a small expense for many parents.

　　Even so, because of the large demand, the number of custody places of custody institutions is also very popular.

　　"The number of students we can accept is limited, so we usually start to register in mid-August, and there will be very few places left when the school starts." A staff member of the agency told reporters.

　　For such a custodian, parents also have their own concerns.

　　"One depends on whether the price charge is acceptable. In addition, if we really want to send our children to such a custody institution, we must also check the qualifications, safety facilities, the level of teachers, the quality of food, etc. We are all concerned." Mr. Wang expressed his concern.

　　The teacher vomited: it is very tiring to organize after-school activities.

　　In the first half of this year, the Ministry of Education issued the Guiding Opinions on Doing a Good Job in After-school Services for Primary and Secondary School Students. Among them, it is clear that we should give full play to the role of the main channel of after-school service in primary and secondary schools. The majority of primary and secondary schools should make full use of their advantages in management, personnel, venues and resources, and take the initiative to assume the responsibility of students’ after-school service.

　　The reporter learned that after-school expansion activities have been carried out in primary schools in many areas, including Beijing. However, in the process of school implementation, there are also many practical problems.

　　Lin Lin (pseudonym), who works as an English teacher in a primary school in Chaoyang District, Beijing, said in an interview that her primary school will hold community activities three days a week, but because of the limited resources of teachers in the school, some interest activities need to be outsourced to hire teachers.

　　"Schools should also increase their funding, not only paying the class fees of external teachers, but also paying some remuneration to the class teachers." Lin Lin said.

　　"Community activities usually disrupt classes, and it is difficult for teachers to manage classroom discipline. Therefore, each class should be equipped with a class supervisor. Once the class is over, children like to have classes in disorder, so the class supervisor must always be nervous to prevent danger." Lin Lin told reporters that he will arrive at school at seven o’clock every day, and his usual workload is already very heavy. Coupled with the arrangement of extracurricular activities, he is very tired at the end of the day.

　　After school at 3: 30, did the students reduce their burden?

　　On the one hand, the school leaves school early, on the other hand, the students’ schoolwork burden has not really been alleviated. Many primary school students hurried to the off-campus cram school after leaving the school gate. Xiaoding, who is in the sixth grade this year, is one of them.

　　"I don’t have cram schools now except Monday and Sunday, and I have extracurricular classes the rest of the time." Xiaoding told reporters.

　　Xiaoding’s school is a key primary school in Beijing. It will finish school before three o’clock every Tuesday and Friday, but he still has cram schools to attend. Usually, Xiaoding goes to cram school by bike every time he comes home from school to pack his things, and many students in the class have similar situations.

　　"We are under great pressure as parents. Some of our children’s classmates were recruited by key middle schools in the fourth and fifth grades. If they can’t be recruited, they can only participate in computer allocation, which is quite anxious." Mr. Zhu, who lives in Haidian District, expressed emotion in an interview.

　　Mr. Zhu also has a daughter who has just entered the sixth grade. Because he is worried that his child will be sent to a bad middle school, he began to take his child to take some key middle school exams very early.

　　"In fact, children have very little homework in school and can finish it soon, but we also reported three or four extracurricular classes to our children, so it is not easy." Mr. Zhu said that as long as the child’s junior high school is not solved one day, his heart will always be hanging.

　　How to solve the problem?

　　On the one hand, the state advocates reducing the burden and letting students leave school early. On the other hand, schools and parents are faced with various implementation problems. How to solve the contradictions?

　　In fact, in recent years, many local governments have introduced relevant policies to solve the problem.

　　For example, Beijing, Chengdu and other places have established a financial guarantee mechanism. Public primary schools in Shanghai generally provide free after-school care services to students who have difficulties in family care. Qingdao and other places "take the school family Committee as the leading factor and the school participates in cooperation" and rely on the school’s premises and equipment to carry out after-school service.

　　"Solve ‘ 3: 30 problem ’ It is still necessary to let the school play an active role and carry out more extracurricular activities, but this requires a policy tilt, focusing on giving teachers subsidies and improving teachers’ enthusiasm. " Gu Mingyuan, honorary president of China Education Association, stressed in an interview with Zhongxin. com.

　　Gu Mingyuan analyzed that while the government gives financial support to schools, it should also give them autonomy in running schools. "Education should also be shared, so that schools can fully tap and utilize all social resources, even including inviting parents with special skills to participate in after-school activities. Children should not be pushed to training institutions because of school."

　　Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the China Academy of Educational Sciences, believes that students should also be given some time for independent activities, rather than just "going to school — — Going home is a two-point and one-line life, and the part that is in contact with society is missing.

　　"In the process of children’s growth, it is not only the school that has an educational role, but also the society. Education should return to a normal state, so that children can participate in social activities independently and find their own interests." Chu Zhaohui said.

　　In addition, Chu Zhaohui emphasized that if the disguised junior high school entrance examination still exists, then the children are still tied to the examination and academic performance, so it is difficult to really reduce the burden. (End)

　　[New Ideas and Practice of Governing the Country]

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, remarkable achievements have been made in strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, but the building of a clean and honest party style and the struggle against corruption still have a long way to go. In his speech at the Seventh Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Supreme Leader pointed out that to further promote the comprehensive and strict administration of the Party, we must treat both the symptoms and the root causes. The key to cure the problem is to innovate institutional mechanisms, improve laws and regulations, strengthen inner-party supervision, establish and improve institutionalized and legal governance mechanisms, comprehensively promote the rule of law, and strictly manage the party and power according to law.

　　The essence of strictly administering the party is to strictly govern power and rule power according to law.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the ruling party. To ensure our party’s long-term governance, we must adhere to the principle of strictly administering the party and governing power according to law. The key to strictly administering the Party lies in strictness and governance, which requires strengthening the awareness of the rule of law and rules, standardizing the operation of power according to law, and strengthening the supervision of power. The Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to improve the restriction and supervision mechanism of power operation, and form an institutional arrangement in which the right must be responsible, the use of power must be responsible, and the abuse of power must be held accountable. This is actually the concrete embodiment of the thought and important concept of the supreme leader comrade about putting power into the system cage. Montesquieu once pointed out that "all people with power are prone to abuse their power, which is an eternal experience". If the dam of laws and party rules is broken, the abuse of power will be like a flood. Strictly administering the party in an all-round way and strengthening power supervision means institutionalizing and legalizing supervision. Specifically, we should do the following two things.

　　Power should be bound by the Constitution and laws. Article 5 of the Constitution stipulates: "All state organs and armed forces, political parties, social organizations, enterprises and institutions must abide by the Constitution and laws. All violations of the Constitution and laws must be investigated. No organization or individual may have privileges beyond the Constitution and laws. " Constitution of the Communist Party of China also emphasized in the general program: "The Party must act within the scope of the Constitution and laws." Our party is the ruling party. Whether we can adhere to the rule of law, correctly lead legislation, take the lead in abiding by the law and ensure law enforcement is of great significance to comprehensively promote the rule of law. Therefore, governing according to law is the key to governing the country according to law. The implementation of ruling by law first requires the party to govern the country according to the constitution and laws. Adhering to the rule of law means that the supervision of power must be ruled by law and form a long-term mechanism of supervision, which will not change with the passage of time and personnel changes.

　　Power should be bound by the laws and regulations of the party. In order to manage a big party with more than 88 million party member, the traditional management method has many unsuitable places. In the new historical period, the internal and external environment faced by the Party is becoming more and more complicated, and the task of self-construction is becoming more and more serious. These changes have put forward higher requirements for the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership style and ruling style, and objectively it is necessary to govern the Party according to the internal laws and regulations of the Party. State-owned laws, the party has party rules, and governing the country according to law requires the party to govern the country according to the Constitution and laws, and also requires the party to govern the party according to the internal laws and regulations of the party. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to "respect party constitution and strictly implement norms and regulations". Inner-party laws and regulations require the behavior standards of all party member and Party organizations, while laws require the behavior standards of all social members, and the behavior standards required by inner-party laws and regulations are stricter than laws. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Code of Integrity and Self-discipline and the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Regulations on Disciplinary Actions, which came into effect in January 2016, have clearly defined party member’s high standards and the discipline of managing the Party. The Constitution and laws are the basis for ensuring the Party to be in power according to law, while the internal laws and regulations of the Party are the rule basis for managing and administering the Party. Only by organically combining laws and party rules can we provide institutional guarantee for the comprehensive and strict administration of the party and lay a solid foundation for comprehensively promoting the rule of law.

　　The core of strictly administering the party and governing power according to law is to safeguard the central authority according to law and ensure the smooth flow of central government decrees.

　　The leadership of the Party is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest advantage of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. To strictly manage the party and power according to law, we must adhere to, improve and implement democratic centralism, and organically combine centralism on the basis of democracy with democracy under centralized guidance. To establish a normal order of inner-party life and ensure the unity of will and actions of the whole party, we must adhere to the fundamental principles that individuals obey the party organization, the minority obeys the majority, the lower organizations obey the higher organizations, and the whole party obeys the central government. The basis of this fundamental principle is that the minority obeys the majority, and the core is that the whole party obeys the Central Committee.

　　To uphold the party’s leadership, we must safeguard the authority of the central government, ensure the centralization and unity of the party, ensure the smooth implementation of the party’s central government decrees and orders, and prevent and overcome acts that are unorganized and undisciplined, have orders that are impossible, have prohibitions, and go their own way. We must resolutely put an end to the phenomenon that there are policies at the top and countermeasures at the bottom. We can’t "you have your closing plan and I have my jumping over the wall". If the party wants to be in power according to law, it must ensure that the central government decrees are smooth and the decision-making takes root by legal means. This is to be good at making the party’s ideas become the will of the state through legal procedures, formulating laws and regulations, and ensuring their strict implementation. In our country, the constitution is the concentrated expression of the will of the party and the people, and it is the fundamental law formed through scientific and democratic procedures. The party leads the people and formulates laws and regulations through legal procedures in accordance with the Constitution, which is to implement democratic centralism, safeguard the authority of the central government and ensure the smooth implementation of government decrees. Because in a society ruled by law, the law is supreme, the law has the highest status, and the rule of law includes equality before the law, and its rules have universal applicability. Compared with the rule of man, it is more certain and predictable. The ancient legalists in China compared the law to the size, rope ink, rules, balance stones, bucket hoops, angular measurement, etc., which was intended to emphasize the unity, fairness and universal applicability of the law. Therefore, to ensure the smooth flow of central government decrees, we should establish and improve the guarantee mechanism of rule of law. At present, in order to maintain the authority of the central government and keep the government decrees unblocked, we must improve the construction of relevant systems with the rule of law, and establish a linkage system between the deployment and implementation of policies at the higher and lower levels.Ensure that the lower-level policy suggestions can be fed back to the higher level in time, and enable the higher-level policy deployment to be effectively communicated to the lower level. At the same time, it is necessary to establish an assessment and inspection system for policy implementation, and evaluate and inspect the policy communication in all links. Organizations and individuals that hinder policy communication should be held accountable according to law.

　　The key to strictly administering the party and governing power according to law is the leading cadres in party member.

　　Our party is the ruling party, and some leading cadres not only hold positions within the party, but also take charge of public power. In order to ensure their exercise of power according to law, public power must be restrained by law, which is also the proper content of regulating public power with the rule of law. The key point of strictly administering the party and governing the power according to law is "the key minority", which requires leading cadres in party member to firmly establish the awareness of the rule of law, cultivate the ideas and habits of advocating, respecting and acting in strict accordance with the law, always have awe of the law, bear in mind that the legal red line cannot be crossed and the legal bottom line cannot be touched, strictly exercise their functions and powers within the scope of the Constitution and laws, and no one can enjoy privileges other than those stipulated by the Constitution and laws. Must adhere to the administration according to law, the law does not authorize, and the statutory authority must be. Leading cadres in party member should take the lead in abiding by the law, set an example in obeying the law, and play an exemplary role in the whole society. Strictly administering the party and governing power according to law also needs to solve the problem of supervision by the top leaders. The top leaders in leading bodies at all levels are the "key minority". The more important the responsibilities and positions of leading cadres are, the more important it is to strengthen supervision. China’s revised Administrative Procedure Law stipulates that "the person in charge of the accused administrative organ should appear in court to respond to the lawsuit", which strengthens the supervision of the chief executive from the legal point of view. In order to ensure the leading cadres in party member to exercise their functions and powers according to law, we must also improve the accountability mechanism, and insist that the responsibility must be asked and the accountability must be strict.Without clear responsibility, implementation and accountability, it will be difficult to truly manage the party strictly.

　　At present, China is in the stage of social transformation, with profound changes in economic system, social structure, interest pattern, ideas and concepts, and various social contradictions constantly emerging. The basic function of law is to settle disputes and stop disputes, and the law will program the schemes and ways to solve various disputes, providing the most stable and effective solutions for the settlement of social contradictions and disputes. Resolving social contradictions and disputes through law can avoid arbitrariness and differences in dispute resolution and ensure fairness. In practice, some leading cadres are indifferent to the law and lack the consciousness of exercising their functions and powers according to law, which is not only not conducive to resolving contradictions, but may lead to further intensification of contradictions. In this context, it is more important for leading cadres in party member to establish the rule of law thinking and be good at using the rule of law.

　　Strictly administering the party and governing power according to law must guarantee party member’s democratic supervision rights according to law and regulations.

　　Strengthening inner-party supervision focuses on daily life and perseverance. Strengthening party member’s democratic supervision right is an important measure to effectively prevent decision-making mistakes and abuse of power. In reality, some party member cadres, bending the law, constantly touch the legal bottom line, the most fundamental reason is the lack of supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to unblock the channels for party member to participate in the discussion of inner-party affairs, broaden the channels for party member to express his opinions, and create a political atmosphere for democratic discussion within the party. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that some party organizations and party member lacked the courage to use the weapon of criticism and self-criticism, which ultimately hurt the party’s cause. Making good use of criticism and self-criticism to safeguard party member’s democratic supervision right is an important way to improve inner-party supervision.

　　To strengthen inner-party supervision, we must establish and improve the effective mechanism of inner-party democratic supervision, and effectively protect the rights of democratic supervision in party member according to law. According to the provisions of the Constitution of the Communist Party of China, every party member enjoys the right to criticize, report and demand recall. In recent years, our party has attached great importance to the construction of the inner-party supervision system and established a series of specific democratic systems, such as the democratic life meeting system, the democratic appraisal of party member system, the inner-party reporting and accusation system, and the rights protection system in party member. The two inner-party laws and regulations that came into effect in January this year are both the guarantee and the basis for institutionalizing democratic supervision. On the one hand, supervision must be carried out in accordance with laws and regulations, which requires the full protection of party member’s democratic supervision rights through party rules, so as to realize the institutionalization and legalization of democratic supervision in party member. At the same time, practical measures should be taken to ensure that party member’s democratic rights, such as democratic participation, democratic election, democratic decision-making and democratic supervision, stipulated by party constitution, are fully exercised. On the other hand, in order to further play the role of democratic supervision in party member, it is necessary to institutionalize supervision and establish comprehensive, systematic and operable procedures and rules. We should constantly broaden and improve the channels of inner-party democracy, so as to realize party member’s extensive participation, effective management and effective supervision of inner-party affairs. In addition, we should broaden the channels of reporting, exposing, appealing, accusing and petitioning in party member, formulate a specific and strict system with strong operability, and expand the scope of party member’s participation in the management and supervision of cadres.

　　The key to strictly administering the party and governing power according to law is to punish corruption according to law and ensure equality before the law.

　　Strictly administering the party in an all-round way and punishing corruption must be firmly grasped. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that anti-corruption should be carried out with no forbidden zone, full coverage and zero tolerance, and efforts should be made to curb the spread of corruption and punish unhealthy practices and corruption around the masses. To punish corruption, we must insist on investigating every case and correcting every mistake. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the anti-corruption campaign has been "fighting tigers" and "swatting flies" simultaneously, severely punishing corruption, promoting the implementation of responsibilities with serious accountability, showing a new atmosphere in the political life within the Party, winning the hearts and minds of the Party and providing an important guarantee for creating a new situation in the cause of the Party and the country. Judging from the anti-corruption cases that have been disclosed, it has truly achieved "no forbidden zone against corruption" and "zero tolerance" for corruption. This shows that there is no special citizen in our country, and there is no special party member in our party, which truly implements equality before the law and party rules. However, it must be noted that the anti-corruption situation is still grim, and we must always maintain a high-pressure situation against corruption. We must prevent corruption fundamentally by strictly administering the party and the country according to law and relying on the system. In accordance with the requirements of comprehensively administering the country according to law and strictly administering the party in an all-round way, accountability and investigation of cases of violation of law and discipline should be carried out in strict accordance with the law and regulations. Dare to investigate and handle cases, dare to be disciplined and accountable, and dare to touch the truth. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out organizational and institutional innovation, promote the reform of the national supervision system, comprehensively integrate anti-corruption resources, expand the scope of supervision, and establish a centralized, unified, authoritative and efficient supervision system and mechanism.

　　Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that "popular support is the greatest politics, and justice is the strongest force". Governing the country must first govern the party, and the party must be strict. To strictly manage the party in an all-round way, we must govern power according to law and comprehensively promote the rule of law, which can provide long-term and effective institutional guarantee for strictly administering the party in an all-round way.

　　 (Wang Liming is the executive vice president of China Renmin University)

The new M7 was a hit, and it won an order for 15,000 vehicles within 24 hours after the launch. You know, after many slaps, most car companies will not announce the order results within 24 hours or 72 hours after the press conference. Dare to let go of the fear of being beaten in the face in the future and announce the order results, which reflects the great confidence of the Helix team in this product. However, considering the conversion rate of orders, the order data is actually of little reference significance. What really makes sense is the first weekend after the press conference. A big order refers to an order that actually pays a deposit of more than 10 thousand yuan and can basically be converted into actual delivery. At the new product launch conference in autumn, Yu Chengdong revealed that the new M7 has been on the market for less than two weeks, and it will definitely exceed 20,000 units. The bright figures show that the new M7 will definitely become an explosion.

Address quoted in this article: https://www.eepw.com.cn/article/202310/451532.htm.

Some people think that the rapid explosion of the new model M7 is influenced by the light of Mate60 and Huawei, especially after the breakthrough in the production of 7-nanometer chips and the launch of Mate 60, Huawei’s voice volume is in full swing, and the new model M7 has achieved such good sales. This is only half right. To tell the truth, the new M7 is indeed exposed to the light of Mate 60 to a certain extent. After all, the cars in the world are sold in Huawei’s stores, and the huge number of stores brought by Mate 60 will inevitably increase the exposure of the new M7. But it’s as normal as your brothers and sisters in your work and life. If the hat of the great hero who broke out in the world of inquiry M7 is buckled on Mate 60, it is unfair and objective to the team of inquiry. You should know that mud can’t help the wall. If the new model of inquiry M7 itself doesn’t give strength, Mate 60 will shine again and will not shine on it.

Therefore, we still have to go back to the product itself to find the answer.

In the marketing of the new model M7, Huawei and Sailis team found three highlights to promote: safety, comfort and intelligence.

When I first saw the propaganda copy, the author smiled knowingly. Because, if you still have the impression, the author has analyzed the reasons for the misfire of the old M7. First, the test conducted by China Insurance Research Institute made consumers put a big question mark on the safety of the M7. Second, the wheelbase is too short to arrange three rows of space, and the comfort experience is greatly reduced; Third, despite Huawei’s brand aura, in terms of intelligence, the old M7 only has the icing on the cake of the HarmonyOS cockpit, but there is no high-end intelligent driving that high-end consumers are increasingly concerned about. In other words, the three highlights of the new M7 marketing-safety, comfort and intelligence-all have obvious shortcomings in the old M7 marketing.

Let’s start with safety. At the launch conference of almost every new car of BYD, the golden sentence that Wang Chuanfu, the head of BYD, said at the blade battery launch conference was later widely circulated in the industry-safety is the greatest luxury of new energy vehicles. In the new species of new energy vehicles, safety is mainly reflected in two aspects-body safety and battery safety.

For a rigid object that weighs two or three tons and can move at high speed, safety is a political correctness. From the sales volume of Volvo, safety is not the biggest persuasion factor when people buy cars, but from the peak drop of M7 sales volume of the old model, we can find that safety is definitely one of the biggest persuasion factors when people buy cars. After the resumption of trading, there are many reasons for the sales collapse of the old model M7. For example, the ideal L8 is really more amazing. For example, the test of China Insurance Research Institute directly destroyed the momentum of the M7. Therefore, the M7 500 million rejuvenation has put a lot of energy into the upgrading of body strength.

Image source: Huawei

The strength of the car body is closely related to the proportion of high-strength steel and the price of the car. For example, the high-strength steel of BYD’s Qin Plus DMI, which "subverts fuel, Qin rules the world", accounts for 52%, the high-strength steel of Audi A series accounts for 62%, the high-strength steel of LI accounts for more than 75%, and the high-strength steel and aluminum alloy of the new model M7 account for 80.6%.

As for battery safety, Huawei has taken advantage of its own cloud-side collaborative algorithm. Through the combination of local BMS and cloud BMS, it has prevented unburned, creating a good result of selling hundreds of thousands of cars in the world.

In terms of comfort, the author always thinks that changing three rows into two rows and six seats into five seats is a stroke of genius. It is indeed a little stretched to make three rows with a wheelbase of 2.8 meters, and it will inadvertently make the third row of passengers inferior. Since it can’t be arranged, it is simply changed to two rows, so that each seat can be arranged properly. As for other comfort upgrades, it is somewhat eclipsed in front of the 6-seat flying fairy.

Image source: Huawei

The biggest improvement in intelligence is, of course, the introduction of Huawei ADS2.0, a high-order assisted driving function that can be used on the structured roads of all cities in China at the end of the year.

Image source: Huawei

After a year’s market education and the efforts of major car companies such as Huawei and Tucki, consumers of models with a price range of more than 250,000 have gradually accepted and recognized the value of advanced assisted driving. In the high-speed scene, more and more consumers have liberated their hands and feet through high-speed NOA, and gained a more relaxed and comfortable driving experience. In this year’s market environment, if a mid-to-high-end vehicle does not have the ability or potential to assist driving in urban areas, it is basically difficult to achieve good sales performance. We can accurately capture this from the bleak sales of BYD Tengshi N7. It is also based on this judgment that the new model M7 decisively abandoned the third-party intelligent driving solution of Wen Yuan Zhixing and directly launched the "far ahead" Huawei ADS. It is precisely because at this stage, Huawei (and Tucki) have achieved a real lead in the field of autonomous driving, so this short board that Huawei has filled in on the new M7 has become its biggest highlight.

The first good quality is seeking truth from facts, dare to face problems directly, do not evade, do not evade, and get up from where you fell last year. The three shortcomings that users spit out have become the three highlights of the product.

The second quality is pragmatism, accepting the fact that the post-80s generation has become the mainstream consumer group in the mid-to-high-end automobile market, and carrying out targeted transformation and upgrading to meet the mainstream needs of this group. Compared with the driving experience, the post-80s generation, which has become a nanny or treasure mother, pays more attention to the elderly’s riding experience and children’s entertainment needs. The former needs a large space, which requires a spatial layout, and the third row needs to be changed into two rows. The latter needs color TV or flat panel. MagLink has achieved the front row control and linkage requirements while ensuring the rear row entertainment experience.

Image source: car home

The third excellent quality is flexible and decisive, conforming to the reality of market downturn and industry involution. Based on the current situation that the volume and sales volume of the industry have gradually declined in the past six months, we will decisively reduce the price and increase the distribution, and bring the dead old products back to life with sincere prices. Compared with the old model, the new model is 60,000 yuan cheaper, and 70,000 yuan cheaper than the ideal L7, the main competing model. Even if we have to reduce the suspension of 20,000 yuan on the basis of 70,000 yuan, it is also 50,000 yuan cheaper.

No car company has invested hundreds of millions of dollars and a lot of manpower and material resources to make a car, and does not want to achieve a good sales result. If it doesn’t meet the enterprise’s hope in the terminal market, there must be some problems in some aspects. What should we do to face the problems? What kind of answer should car companies give? At this time, it is a special test whether the car companies can make an effective resumption, accurately judge the problem and give targeted solutions.

After comparing the new and old questionnaire M7, we can realize that Huawei and Mercedes team are practical, pragmatic, flexible and decisive from its three highlights. This car is far ahead of intelligent driving, with a comfortable space of five seats, and the price has hit 250,000. Why not become a super explosion?

1905 movie network news Recently, the spy war movie released a brand-new trailer, playing the special agent Jin Shenshui. In the extreme environment where many forces are intertwined and everyone has their own ulterior motives, a few words seem to be light, but in fact, every sentence is extremely deliberate, killing the enemy in an instant, which can be described as "hiding the knife in the words and killing the invisible".

Based on the novel of the same name, Knife Point is directed by Zhang Yi, starring,,,, starring, and will be released on November 24th.

The story background of Knife’s Blade focuses on Nanjing, which was devastated in 1940. Director Gao Qunshu once said that in this cruel environment, "everyone is thinking about how to survive, whether it is our side, the military system or Wang Fei". Jin Shenshui (Zhang Yi), a special agent with multiple identities, lives among the forces of the Japanese military, the puppet government and the military junta all day long, not only carefully hiding his true identity, but also quietly alienating the enemy and making excuses to kill people.

In the newly released trailer, everyone in the life-and-death training ground is on thin ice, and Jin Shenshui uses the characteristics of everyone’s own ulterior motives to exert a "deviant plan" in an extremely ingenious way. In the tense situation, it turns a few words that seem to be light and light into a sword that stabs the enemy.

As director Gao Qunshu said, the most thrilling thing in spy war is often not reflected in the real fight, but "hiding a knife in words, killing people invisibly". "Everyone’s words have a deep killing trick, and it seems that if you say a few words casually, you can kill people." Jin Shenshui, a special agent who witnessed his family being killed by the Japanese invaders and suffered extreme pain, turned himself into a "motionless blade", not only to get rid of the enemies around him, but also to protect the safety of his compatriots.

Like him, Lin Yingying, who hates her country’s enemy, also shows a fighting capacity different from ordinary people under the image of calmness and gentleness. Gao Qunshu explained that the strength given to her by the organization behind her "made her support this mentality of being bold and cautious, killing people without tricks and killing people invisibly". Whether it is Jin Shenshui or Lin Yingying, you must have extraordinary courage and strategy to walk on the tip of the knife. "Either you beat your opponent to live, or you sacrifice yourself to help your comrades live."

　　　　　　 CCTV News:We continue to pay attention to the deep game between the United States and Russia around the "last war" in Syria. The focus of the game is Idlib province in the northwest of Syria and its surrounding areas, which is regarded as the last site of opposition armed forces and various extremist and terrorist organizations in Syria. At present, the government forces are making intensive pre-war preparations to recover this area, and the battle of Idlib, known as the "last battle" in Syria, may start at any time. And at this juncture, should I fight? How to fight? The United States, which supports the anti-government armed forces, and Russia, which supports the Syrian government, are sharply opposed, and for this reason, they have launched a confrontation and game in military diplomacy.

source map

　　　　　　 White House: If Syria uses chemical weapons, it will respond quickly.

　　　　　　 Let’s look at the new trend of the US. The White House No.4 issued a statement saying that the United States is closely monitoring the situation in Idlib province of Syria. If the Syrian government uses chemical weapons, the United States and its allies will respond "quickly and appropriately".

　　　　　　 This is not the first time that the United States has recently threatened to use force against the Syrian government. On August 21 this year, the United States, Britain and France issued a joint statement expressing "serious" concern about the possible military actions taken by Syrian government forces in Idlib province. The United States, Britain and France also warned that if the Syrian government uses any chemical weapons, they will make an "appropriate" response.

　　　　　　 Russia says terrorist organizations will create chemical weapons attacks.

　　　　　　 The threat of use of force by the United States and its allies against Syria is not just a verbal threat. In April this year, the three countries attacked Syrian government facilities on the grounds of the so-called "chemical weapons attack". Recently, the Russian Ministry of Defense suddenly broke the news that the "White Helmets" organization with western background is planning with terrorist organizations to prepare a chemical attack and frame it on the Syrian government.

　　　　　　 According to the information held by the Russian military, several terrorist organizations, such as the "Conquest Front", transported eight chlorine-containing containers to the northwest of Idlib province in an attempt to make and photograph the scene of the so-called "chemical weapons attack" by Syrian government forces, and intelligence shows that the chemical weapons attack premeditated by terrorists may be changed to Hama province.

　　　　　　 Earlier, Western countries repeatedly accused Syrian government forces of using chemical weapons, which were firmly denied by Syria and Russia. In April this year, the so-called "chemical weapons attack" occurred in the town of Duma, Syria, and the United States, Britain and France subsequently attacked Syrian government facilities. Later, the Russian media interviewed the parties who were attacked by so-called "chemical weapons" and identified the relevant attacks as forged.

　　　　　　 Trump issued a warning to stop Syria from attacking Idlib.

　　　　　　 US President Trump No.3 also issued a warning to Syria not to "recklessly" attack Idlib province, otherwise the consequences will be very serious. He also called on Russia and Iran not to participate in the battle of Idlib. In this regard, Russian Presidential Press Secretary peskov No.4 said that Trump’s statement was ill-considered.

　　　　　　 Peskov: "(Idlib) hides a large number of terrorists, which leads to instability. Efforts to end this situation through political and diplomatic channels have also been hindered. Importantly, this poses a threat to our military base. This point has been mentioned by the Russian President. Everyone knows that those drones that threaten our base took off from here (Idlib). "

　　　　　　 Chen Bing launched a military confrontation between Russia and the United States in the Mediterranean.

　　　　　　 In addition to bickering, countries such as the United States and Russia are also ready to intervene in the military.

　　　　　　 According to media reports, the United States has deployed large destroyers equipped with Tomahawk cruise missiles to the Mediterranean waters near Idlib. A Los Angeles-class attack nuclear submarine has also entered the Mediterranean waters. Los Angeles-class nuclear submarines can carry multiple cruise missiles. In the Gulf War in 1991, the first wave of attacks by multinational forces on Iraq was launched from surface ships and Los Angeles-class nuclear submarines. However, the Pentagon said that sending nuclear submarines into the Mediterranean was a routine voyage.

　　　　　　 Russia is not to be outdone. The Russian navy began military exercises in the waters near Syria in the eastern Mediterranean on the 1st. The Russian Defense Ministry said that more than 25 ships from the Russian Northern Fleet, the Baltic Fleet, the Black Sea Fleet and the Caspian Fleet participated in the exercise, and there were about 30 fighters. Although Russia claims that the exercise has nothing to do with the situation in Idlib, Syria, it is widely believed that this is the largest maritime military exercise held by Russia in the Mediterranean region since the end of the Cold War, mainly to show the will and ability to oppose western countries’ intervention in the Syrian war by force.

　　　　　　 In addition, the Russian media also reported that the Russian Ministry of Defense is increasing the deployment of naval forces in the Mediterranean Sea, including 10 ships of various types with missile strike capability. This is also the most powerful naval force deployed by Russia in the Mediterranean since it cracked down on extreme armed forces in Syria in 2015. 　

　　　　　　 Russia-Turkey Summit or Focus on the Battle of Idlib

　　　　　　 Military confrontation is accompanied by diplomatic interaction. While the United States, Britain and France are threatening to use force against Syria, the presidents of Russia, Turkey and Iran will also meet in Iran on the 7th, that is, this Friday. It is expected that the situation in Syria, especially the war in Idlib province, will be the focus of this summit.

　　　　　　 Some analysts believe that at the upcoming summit, Russia, Turkey and Iraq need to coordinate and solve a series of problems, including the time of the war, the scope of the attack and the target of the attack, so as to prevent the armed forces supported by the three countries from accidentally firing, and to prevent the war from expanding out of control and harming the interests of the three countries.

　　　　　　 Iranian foreign minister’s visit to Syria reaffirms support for Syria’s counter-terrorism

　　　　　　 Let’s look at Iran’s attitude. Iran is an important ally of the Syrian government. It has always supported the Bashar regime in the Syrian civil war and provided military support to the Syrian government. Different from Turkey’s attitude, when Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif visited Syria on the 3rd, he called for "thorough elimination" of "terrorists" in Idlib province.

　　　　　　 Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif held talks with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, Prime Minister khamis, Foreign Minister Moalem and several senior Syrian government officials on the same day. In their meeting with Bashar, Zarif and Bashar both accused "some western countries of exerting malicious pressure on Syria and Iran" and stressed that the two countries will not give up their "principles" and efforts to maintain regional peace and stability because of pressure. When meeting with Syrian Foreign Minister Moalem, Zarif reiterated that Iran will continue to support Syria’s actions against terrorist organizations.

　　　　　　 Talking about the war in Idlib, Syria, which may be about to start, Zarif said that the residual terrorist forces in Idlib area "will be completely eliminated" and this area should be returned to the Syrian people as soon as possible.

　　　　　　 Russian Foreign Minister: I am willing to meet with the US Secretary of State at the UN General Assembly.

　　　　　　 While the United States and Russia launched a deep game of military diplomacy around the "last war" in Syria, they did not refuse dialogue and communication. Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov said at the end of last month that he was willing to meet with US Secretary of State Pompeo during the UN General Assembly. The website of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement on the same day saying that both Lavrov and Pompeo will attend the 73rd UN General Assembly, which will open on September 18th. Lavrov expressed his willingness to meet with the US and discuss bilateral agenda and international affairs of common concern. He also said that both sides are ready for a fruitful and constructive meeting.

　　　　　　 The United Nations will convene many countries to discuss the situation in Syria.

　　　　　　 On the 4th, UN Special Envoy for Syria De Mistura said in Geneva that he would hold talks with Russia, Turkey and Iran from 10th to 11th. Subsequently, further talks were held with representatives of the United States, Britain, France, Germany and Saudi Arabia on the 14th. Subsequently, the UN Security Council will hold a meeting on the 20th to discuss the situation in Syria. It is hoped that this will be a breakthrough to promote the political process of the Syrian issue.

This spring

Teachers in a special way

Meet cufer "in the cloud"

Massive open online course, Quick Class, WeChat Small Class

Synchronous class, online discussion and online answering questions

The epidemic is in the forefront, and research is not limited.

1430 undergraduate courses

2,222 classes

Teachers rely on curriculum content and requirements.

try one’s very best

Create a "three-foot cloud platform"

Carry out teaching work for 91,959 undergraduate students.

"Network Teaching Challenge" officially opened

Homemakers engage in academics.

The epidemic situation keeps learning

Cufer exclusive "micro-classroom"

Continuously updated!

Today xiaobian introduces you

"Academic research articles"

Teach you how to engage in academics!

How to write undergraduate graduation thesis?

Worried about the thesis near graduation?

Don’t worry!

Teachers of our School of Finance and Economics focus on students’ needs

Create a "personal tailor" micro-classroom

Teacher Yu Jian’s thesis writing instruction class is coming!

Writing and Guidance of Undergraduate Graduation Thesis

Speaker: Yu Jian

Ph.D. in Economics, Renmin University of China, currently serving as an associate professor and tutor of master students in School of Economics.

//

brief Introduction of the content

//

In this WeChat class, Mr. Yu Jian gave guidance to the writing of undergraduate graduation thesis, mainly from the following aspects.

First of all, Mr. Yu Jian provided a variety of options for the topic selection materials and ways of graduation thesis. He suggested that students should study topics with China characteristics from current hot issues, classical theoretical issues and issues of interest to them. When the theme of the paper is decided, everyone should start to find high-quality academic literature. Teacher Yu Jian summed up several characteristics of high-quality literature, namely, standardized economic analysis, high-grade journals published, many articles cited, and original and groundbreaking research issues. You can screen out high-quality papers for reference through these four characteristics.

Next, we should think about how to refine the innovation of the article. Teacher Yu Jian pointed out that some students think that as long as they study problems that others have not studied, it is innovation, which is a misunderstanding of thinking. The real innovation can be new research data, the application of old methods in new fields, a new research perspective and a new analysis of transmission mechanism. In addition, the current economic research is inseparable from the support of data. Teacher Yu Jian classified this according to the characteristics of data, and recommended relevant query sources for macro data and micro data.

When these preliminary works are completed, everyone is faced with the problem of writing a literature review. We need to pay attention to the five principles of writing literature review, namely, quoting classics, avoiding piling up documents, not sticking to details, grasping key points, and increasing literature context and comments. Teacher Yu Jian introduced them in detail. Finally, Mr. Yu Jian raised the question of the choice of research methods and sorted out three methods for everyone to choose.

The above is the main content of this WeChat class. I hope students can gain knowledge about paper writing, enrich themselves, enrich themselves and improve their academic research ability.

Teach you to stay at home and do academic work!

The tutor prescribed a good prescription, and the house kept researching.

My finance graduate school was launched in WeChat official account.

"Teach you how to stay at home and engage in academics" column

A series of WeChat small classes for you.

Share experiences and give directions.

Let knowledge transfer and value lead the same frequency resonance!

one

Special period, forging special you

Speaker: Chen Yunsen

Professor of Accounting College, doctoral supervisor, Longma scholar-young scholar. Dr. Tsinghua University, a visiting scholar at Washington University in St. Louis and Chinese University of Hong Kong, was selected as the national accounting leading (reserve) talent program of the Ministry of Finance.

Special period, forging special you

Chen yunsen

A sudden COVID-19 epidemic has disrupted the pace of work and study for each of us.

No matter who you are, no matter what you are doing, you are always paying attention to the epidemic situation and being closely touched by this arduous epidemic prevention war.

Real-time data of epidemic situation disclosed by official media, rumors and rumors spread rapidly by social media, and whether there are infection cases in surrounding communities are all coming. The complexity of epidemic situation, the overload of information and the imbalance of mentality all make Chinese people anxious under the haze.

For our graduate students, this state of anxiety is especially serious in the face of the degree thesis to be submitted soon, the long-unfinished scientific research project or the sharp decline in learning efficiency.

What I want to say is that in a special period, forge a special you. Let’s "blame and upgrade" together on a special day. Here are a few Tips waiting for your Pick!

01. Temper your strong will and shape your sunshine mentality.

At present, people all over the country are forced to press the pause button. As time goes by, the incident has had a more or less impact on every student, and the students who are unfortunately in the areas with serious epidemic or whose family and friends are affected by the epidemic, as well as the graduating students who are in the critical period of their dissertations and employment.

However, everything has two sides. We have lost a lot from the "home life", but we can also get a lot. The biggest benefit is that we have a lot of rare time that can be controlled by ourselves. Guo Guangchang, the founder of Fosun, mentioned in a speech at Chaos University: "Are we willing to slow down and do something slow? Sink down, do the right thing, do the difficult thing, invest in the future, and do things that take time to accumulate. "

The greatest wealth in life is to have free time. For everyone, now is a good opportunity to settle down and think, study, settle down and examine yourself in silence, make a good position for your future, and do some solid work for your upcoming academic studies. Give your time a little time and give your hope a little hope.

Recently, I have been rereading Wang Yangming, especially his experience of realizing Taoism in Longchang, and I have a lot of feelings. The more difficult it is, the more time it takes to cultivate my mind. Great things are difficult, look at the responsibility, adversity is prosperous, and look at the mind. Since external objective factors cannot be changed, we should face them optimistically and calmly, and at the same time take this as a good opportunity to temper our will and actively find ways to deal with it. At home, teachers are constantly struggling with their own inertia and trying to maintain a fiery passion in a poor scientific research environment. I hope that graduate students will sort out their mentality and devote themselves to scientific research. By the end of the epidemic, they will be able to go more steadily and lofty.

02. Effectively divide tasks and arrange the schedule reasonably.

When the deadline for dissertation or scientific research project is clear, my general method is to push forward from the "deadline" and make clear what should be done at each time point and step. In the process of applying the "push method before the deadline", you need to leave yourself a buffer time of 1-2 days and a buffer time of 3-5 days for your tutor. For example, the school requires to hand in the first draft of the dissertation on March 15th, so the tutor must be given a full version of the dissertation on March 5th (the tutor’s schedule is very tight, so it is necessary to reserve time for sending it to him immediately), while on March 1st, he must finish the first draft of the dissertation himself (so that he can have time to polish and modify it as a whole and avoid various problems). To achieve this timeline, it means that all research forms and institutional backgrounds must be perfected on February 25th …

There is a classic line in Looking Up, "Life is like archery, and dreams are like an arrow target. If there is no arrow target, your daily bow drawing is meaningless". The same is true for scientific research. If you want to make good use of this method, you must divide the scientific research tasks effectively and reasonably, and find your own arrow target at every time node, instead of "grabbing your beard and eyebrows" every day, so that you are always in an extremely anxious and inefficient state and fall into a vicious circle.

03. Plan the daily timeline and create a sense of scientific research ceremony.

Academic research needs state. I have summed up my "state change curve" in one day. Generally speaking, the scientific research ideas are most active from 4 pm to 6 pm and from 10 pm to 1 am, while the state in the morning is average.

Therefore, my schedule for the day is: doing some routine and trivial work in the morning, such as downloading documents, regularly sorting out data, sorting out some institutional backgrounds involved in academic papers, etc. In the afternoon and evening at the peak of scientific research, the mobile phone and computer are basically disconnected from the internet (or deliberately away from the mobile phone and computer, and less online), and then focus on overcoming the non-programmed things in academic research that take a long time to do. You can also try to find your own "state change curve", and then arrange the time of the day reasonably and do the right thing at the right time.

In addition, the research environment at home is not as good as that at school, so some "special means" are needed to cut off all kinds of "temptation sources". You can set up your own workspace in advance, preferably an isolated space, with only necessary items on the table and clear away things that are easy to distract you in the line of sight. Every morning, when you want to force yourself into scientific research, first make a pot of tea or a cup of coffee, then put on headphones, randomly play some light music or white noise that can make the environment seem quieter, and then say to yourself, "Hey, it’s time for you to start working!

Creating a "sense of ceremony" is actually giving yourself a strong psychological hint. You will find that when you are used to such a "sense of ceremony", whenever you want to start learning, you no longer need to look for an illusory state, but just enter the workspace, and you will follow your own rules in a reflexive way and naturally enter the best state.

04. Supervising and motivating together, internal and external constraints.

If your self-control is not so strong, you may need to establish a reasonable and effective supervision and incentive mechanism to restrain and motivate yourself to the maximum extent. There is a good saying: "There are two indispensable partners in completing important tasks: one is planning, and the other is not enough time."

You can list the scientific research plan that has been effectively divided on paper, clearly mark the deadline of each task, place it in an easy-to-see area in the work area, remind yourself of the urgency of time and the importance of the task at any time, and give yourself an active supervision psychologically.

At the same time, you can also rely on external forces. For example, there are many APPs that learn to punch in, such as Forest and tomato To Do. You can choose an app that suits you and set the corresponding time for yourself, or you can make an agreement with your friends to work at the same time every day, plant a tree with Forest and supervise each other. No matter which method is adopted, you need to set the corresponding conditions and measures of punishment and incentive in advance, and remember to punish yourself if it is not completed! If you have finished, give yourself a reward and affirm your efforts. This sense of celebration ceremony will produce positive feedback and make your self-discipline have a positive cycle. However, we should also pay attention to the form of rewards. For example, playing mobile phones should not be used as a reward after completing a short period of study, because it will make it difficult for you to quickly enter the next stage of work. In addition, you can also actively contact your tutor, report your phased research results to your tutor regularly, and inform your tutor of the next research arrangement, thus giving yourself an external pressure.

People’s self-control is limited. As described in "Great Failure", many talented entrepreneurs are finally defeated by the word "desire". Pythagoras also said, "He who cannot restrain himself cannot be called a free man". After all, external forces are only auxiliary. Overcoming one’s own inertia, reducing one’s colorful desires, and doing subtraction for oneself, Focus on Focus, are the keys to enhancing self-control.

05. Cultivate business sensitivity and enhance social empathy.

The suddenness, unpredictability and great uncertainty of the epidemic have great influence on enterprise management, capital market investment and macro-economy. During this period, the frequent introduction of various national policies, the analysis reports of media analysts, the self-help of enterprises and entrepreneurs, and the professional analysis of scholars and think tanks have provided us with a good scene to test various events.

As a financial background, we have learned a lot of business management, macroeconomics, capital market and other related professional knowledge, but we have been lacking in practical baptism, and we have no idea that this matter should be put into practice. Students can just use this scene of the epidemic to understand the actual impact of an exogenous shock on macroeconomic and microeconomic subjects’ behavior and ask themselves what we can see from the economy and people’s livelihood under the new crown epidemic when the "black swan" flies. This is a good opportunity to improve financial literacy and cultivate Business Sense in the capital market.

In the drastic changes, it is easiest to see people’s nature and self-cultivation. Students should observe the life under the impact of the epidemic, and at the same time, don’t forget to cultivate empathy and social responsibility. "Infinite distance, countless people, all related to me." In the face of this epidemic, we are not outsiders. You know, Adam Smith, the originator of modern economics, not only wrote The Wealth of Nations, which laid the foundation of economics, but also another book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, which he paid more attention to. All economics and management theories will lose their due role without sociality.

Liang Xiaosheng once said: "Culture can be expressed in four sentences, rooted in inner cultivation, self-consciousness without reminding, freedom with constraints, and kindness for others." I hope that everyone will do their best to help others, do altruistic things without the smell of copper, root kindness in the depths of their souls and be a warm person.

06. Seize the opportunity to read the literature and check the data.

In such a "free period", please seize the opportunity to systematically accumulate a large number of academic documents.

Published Chinese papers can be downloaded from the National Academic Journal Database of Philosophy and Social Sciences (http://www.nssd.org), China HowNet, VIP Information and other websites (you can log in through the school VPN).

Published English papers can be downloaded from WileyonlineLibrary (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/), Science Direct (https://www.sciencedirect.com/) and other websites. The latest English working papers can focus on SSRN website (https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/) and various international and domestic academic conferences or university seminar.

For the specific data collection work, some useful database resources I have compiled are as follows:

1.** National Taian Database (CSMAR)

During the period from February 12, 2020 to February 29, 2020, any number of data products CSMAR be downloaded for free (as long as there are registered users).

Database address: www.gtarsc.com or cn.gtadata.com.

2.** Reiss database (RESSET)

Since January 30, 2020, RESSET database has provided free query and download services for data such as financial research database, macroeconomic database and industry database.

Database address: http://db.resset.com/.

3.** EPS database

Since February 2, 2020, EPS database has been open to all teachers and students free of charge. Database address: http://olap.epsnet.com.cn/.

4.** Wind database

Wonder Database has opened the epidemic database free of charge since February 19, 2020, and provided a variety of epidemic data processing and visualization templates. Address of epidemic database: http://wx.wind.com.cn/unitedweb/cmsapp/sites/sariinfo/message.html? from=timeline&isappinstalled=0

5.** Economic data

Before March 15th, Zhongjing Data will open all the economic statistical data resources in the database to registered users free of charge. Database address: ceidata.cei.cn.

In addition, there are many resources that have been sorted out on the Internet. However, I want to remind everyone that the network resources must be "implemented", instead of being shelved after WeChat "collected" or forwarded to "friends circle", without really clicking to collect them.

The above is my personal experience, for your reference only. Finally, in this special period, I hope you can protect yourself scientifically, and at the same time, systematically upgrade your cognitive level to the world, others and yourself, and don’t forget to write your dissertation and scientific research, so as to forge a special you on the basis of physical and mental health. The spring breeze is coming, let’s wait for the spring flowers to bloom together!

Swipe up and down to view the full text

2

The original paper can be written like this.

Speaker: Shao Lei

Associate Professor, School of Finance and Taxation, graduated from the National University of Singapore, and is a member of the school-level youth scientific research and innovation team.

The original paper can be written like this.

Shao Lei

Dear graduate students, hello! I am Shao Lei, a teacher from the School of Finance and Taxation. In such a special holiday, I believe many students are studying various online courses at home, and for the graduating class, they (or you) have another task, that is, to write their graduation thesis at home. Therefore, I would like to take this opportunity to give some help to the students who are writing or are about to write their graduation thesis.

Frankly speaking, I don’t have much successful experience in scientific research, but I have accumulated a lot of failure lessons, which may not be a blessing for me personally, but it will be of special significance if I can share it with you as a valuable "pit-avoiding guide". In addition, in the process of instructing some students’ graduation thesis in recent years, I often have to answer their questions, such as "Mr. Shao, how to decide my topic", "Mr. Shao, there are too many documents to read" and "Mr. Shao, what should I do if Stata runs out with bad results". In the process of helping them overcome these difficulties, I gradually learned to look at the difficulties in writing papers from the perspective of my classmates, and found some feasible solutions. Therefore, I will share some experiences from these three most common problems: first, the topic selection, second, the literature, and third, the results for your reference.

01. The "big" and "small" of the thesis topic.

Regarding the topic selection of the thesis, my personal suggestion is to be both "big" and "small". What does this mean? First of all, the starting point of the thesis topic should be "small". In this way, we can better grasp this topic and explain a problem clearly within our own ability and the length of the paper.

Let’s give an example to illustrate it better. A classmate once told me that the topic of the paper he wanted to write was "Research on fiscal and taxation policies to promote innovation". I said, "This topic is too big. Can you be more specific?" So, he changed the topic to "the impact of preferential tax policies on enterprise innovation". I said it was still too big, so he further narrowed the topic to "the impact of preferential tax policies on enterprise R&D investment". But I’m still not satisfied, so it’s enough to suggest him to talk about a kind of preferential tax policy, so the topic of the paper has been changed to "the influence of income tax plus deduction on R&D investment of enterprises", so the topic of the paper is more specific. In fact, this story is not over yet. In order to make this student more confident in grasping this topic, I finally suggested that he add an industry restriction to the topic of his thesis. In fact, if necessary, no matter how small the topic is, it can continue to be refined. As I joked with the students, the topic of the paper is "not the smallest, only smaller".

Then, is the topic of the paper just pursuing "small"? No, let’s talk about "big" below. The significance of the paper should be "big", and we should see the big from the small to explore the extensibility and deep meaning of the research conclusion.

It’s just that example. After doing some empirical analysis, the classmate got that the income tax plus deduction has increased the R&D investment of enterprises in this industry by a certain percentage, but he felt that the research conclusion was a bit monotonous and there seemed to be little to discuss. So I reminded him whether it was possible to see whether large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises were affected differently, what impact did the increase in R&D investment of enterprises have on the upstream and downstream, what changes have taken place in the salaries of scientific researchers, and what enlightenment these research conclusions can bring to the fiscal and taxation policies that promote enterprise innovation. In fact, these problems are often referred to as heterogeneity analysis, spillover effect, general equilibrium effect and policy suggestions, so that the conclusions of empirical analysis are richer and more meaningful.

I found that a typical work of "seeing the big from the small" is "Fifteen Years of Wanli" that many students have read. Starting from the "plain year" of 1587 (the original text of the book), Mr. Huang Renyu only focused on the experiences of six figures, such as Zhang Juzheng and Hai Rui, around this year, but revealed the "crux of the great events that happened before" and "the opportunity to make waves in the future", showing his thinking on such a big problem as the deep-seated reasons for the decline of the Ming Dynasty.

02. How to "find" and "read" documents

Many students use this method when looking for documents: search the keywords of papers on HowNet, and read them one by one after downloading. However, unless the keyword selection is particularly accurate, we often get hundreds or even thousands of papers, which makes it difficult for us to choose the ones that are most relevant to our topic. Of course, we can narrow the search scope by constantly adjusting keywords. But is there any other way?

I summed up a method of "following the trail" from my personal experience and recommended it to all students. First, find a latest paper or classic paper in this field. If it is the latest paper, we will read its references after reading it, select some of the most relevant and influential articles cited by it, and then "follow the vine" from the references of these articles after reading it, and soon we can sort out the important documents in this field. Its significance lies in that the authors of each paper have spent their energy in sorting out the literature and carefully selected the important literature to quote, so this traceability method connects the thinking achievements of these authors into an interlocking chain, which is both complete and clear. If it is a classic paper, how can we find the follow-up research? There are ways. Careful classmates will find that many literature databases (including HowNet) list all the documents that cited the paper at the bottom of each paper, so we can use this function to "follow the vine".

In addition, there is an experience about how to read literature to share with you: reading literature with questions. When reading a paper, we can take a moment to read the summary and conclusion first, and get a general idea of what the paper is saying. Then, we have to ask ourselves, is this paper worth intensive reading? If so, which part is most worth reading carefully? Did the paper sort out the existing literature well? If so, go directly to the literature review section. Do you want to explain the system background clearly, learn the theoretical model or empirical method used, or just quote the research conclusions of the paper? By asking ourselves these questions, we can read the literature more pertinently and try to grasp the essence of each article in a limited time. Moreover, it is best to summarize these essence parts in one or two sentences immediately after reading, and make a note at the title of the paper (paper or electronic version is ok), so that when we look back at this article later, we can immediately grasp the most valuable part.

03. "Good" and "Bad" Results

Finally, let’s talk about a frustrating thing that often happens in the process of research, that is, we find that the results are different from what we expected. According to my own experience and the experience of guiding students, it may be that in 95% cases, it is all because of mistakes in our calculation, derivation or programming. Therefore, the first step is always to go back and carefully check every step in the research process. Many times, these mistakes are deeply hidden but very fatal. Therefore, this requires us to develop the good habit of recording at any time in the process of carrying out research. For example, when deriving the formula, write the process as clearly as possible, and it is best to take a photo of each page of draft paper; When programming, make comments in the code to explain what each line is doing. Detailed and clear records can be convenient for you or your instructor to go back and check at any time and find possible problems in the process.

If after repeated inspections, no problem is found, then the second step is to find a reasonable reason for this result. For example, we expect the effect of X on Y to be positive, but the result obtained by deduction or regression analysis is negative. What may be the reasons? Perhaps we only thought about the substitution effect but ignored the income effect, so the direction of the total effect should have been positive or negative; Perhaps it is the interference of a few deviation values on the results; Or maybe the positive effect of X on Y can only be exerted when a certain condition is met, that is, interactive items must be added, and so on. In this process, we can also talk to the instructor or classmates around us to see if they are surprised by this result, and maybe they can provide a reasonable explanation. In short, when we rule out the possibility that doing something wrong will lead to abnormal results, we should broaden our thinking and try our best to explore a reasonable explanation for this result.

The last step may be the sublimation of the second step: from our speculation and verification of the reasons for the "abnormal" results, we can condense innovative viewpoints, perspectives or discoveries, show the breadth and depth of thinking, and reflect the unique value of a research. In fact, if the results of a study are completely consistent with the expectations before the study, does our study seem too dull? Interesting and valuable results or thoughts are often hidden in places that are a little unexpected, and the exploration process of these "accidents" may just give birth to the unique highlights of the article, just as some literary critics will require a good novel to be both reasonable and unexpected.

The above is the experience of thesis writing shared with all students. Finally, I recommend students to search for an interesting set of schematic diagrams entitled "What is a doctor" on the Internet, which I think can also be understood as "What is scientific research", written by Professor Matt Might. I wish all students peace, health, happiness and enrichment!

Swipe up and down to view the full text

three

Try harder

Speaker: Lin Song

Dean, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor of Business School, Ph.D. in Management, Tsinghua University. His main research interests are entrepreneurship and SME management.

Try harder

Lin Song

Time is the most precious resource, and it is fair to everyone. I quite agree with this sentence: at the level of most people’s efforts, it is simply not enough to fight for talent. The same is true in academic research. The talent of many academic cows may not be surprising, but their diligence is hard for ordinary people to match.

Many students can’t go out during the epidemic, which is the best time to study and write. Many students may complain that there is not enough information to write.

In the information age, these are no longer difficult problems. In fact, the resources we can use now are very rich. Many websites can find documents to download, and many websites provide a large number of open databases. If you need survey data, there are many platforms to provide survey means. Books on research methods can also be found online, and there are many forums to answer statistical problems encountered at the operational level.

All these resources should be used, and we will improve our research ability after the epidemic.

Many students already have a clear research plan, and even have begun to write formal papers for submission. While you are closed at home, carefully revise the recently completed article several times. The article is not afraid to change. The more you change, the more you can grasp the submission. If you don’t understand, hurry to find teachers and classmates online and solve the problem in time. In this respect, I would rather invest more time than call it a day. Have the ambition and preparation of "two sentences for three years".

In addition, management research should always be combined with management practice. This period of time can just observe the impact of the epidemic on individuals, organizations, industries and regions, and write a research design. When the epidemic is over, discuss with the tutors and students to see how to really carry on the research.

Many students may still be at the beginning stage, and it is rare to be quiet during this time, so it is just right to seriously look at the literature, especially the classic literature in the field of organization and management. Looking through the homework assigned in the research courses I have attended in the past, I can see which ones are skipped, and which ones only understand roughly, but I don’t know why. Find another classic model essay in this field and carefully interpret the structure and sentences of the article.

To these classics, we should have the persistent spirit of Wei Bian San Jue. These are all preparations for your career, and the accumulation now determines how far you can go in the academic circle in the future.

Students who still have time may wish to look at the classics in history, literature and philosophy. I am full of poetry and books. After all, the inside information and thoughts of the research come from personal cultivation, not just management literature.

We should also strengthen physical exercise every day. Doing research also depends on the body. Without good health, it is difficult to support the research life in the next few decades.

Reading behind closed doors on a snowy night, trying horses to find flowers in the Ming Dynasty. When winter goes and spring comes, when the grass grows and the warbler flies, we will discuss the research methods on campus and continue our past topics.

Swipe up and down to view the full text

four

Put your mobile phone where you can’t reach it

Speaker: Ouyang Yuanfen

Professor and doctoral supervisor of China Institute of Public Finance and Policy. Doctor of Economics and Master of Mathematics, Claremont Research University, USA.

Put your mobile phone where you can’t reach it

Ouyang yuanfen

The first greeting to graduates in 2020 may be this unprecedented enhanced long standby winter vacation. The sudden freedom may make you miss the warmth of bathing knowledge in school. Don’t panic!

While the whole country is fighting the virus with one heart and one mind, we can write papers efficiently without leaving home! Just put your mobile phone out of your reach and close the bedroom door, and you can sit in front of the computer all day.

A quieter atmosphere than the library, a research experience that you can concentrate on without any interference, you can think and read as much as you want, and when the epidemic clears and spring blossoms, it’s not fast to go back to school with a satisfactory paper!

01. About the topic selection

At this time, I believe everyone has decided their own topics, and a clear and definite topic selection is the premise of writing a good paper. If you are not clear about your topic or research direction, you should first pay attention to the research results published in the top journals in this field, so that your topic can keep up with the forefront. At the same time, you can also find your own research fields in combination with today’s economic hotspots. If necessary, you can also communicate with your tutor. Your tutor’s advice may be of great help to your topic selection. If you write a paper just for the sake of writing a paper, it will not only make the structure of the article messy, but also make the research results lack of contribution. It is best to choose meaningful research topics in combination with your own and your tutor’s majors and research interests.

Tips: I recommend a very useful gadget for everyone. If you want to get the latest information of all the journals in ScienceDirect at the first time, you can set up ScienceDirect Alert and check the journals you are interested in, so that you can receive the latest information on included papers and publications from the mail and keep up with the forefront.

02. About searching literature

Extensive reading of literature is an important part of scientific research, and more importantly, we can have a deeper understanding of the research status of selected topics by reading domestic and foreign literature. When searching for documents, we usually connect directly to the campus network at school and search for documents through the electronic resource library in the official website of the library. Now at home, we can still connect to the campus network through VPN, and then access to various periodical databases. At the same time, there are also some free websites to search for literature. Below, give you a summary of the common ways to search for literature at home:

1. Campus network: Students can log on to their own campus network through VPN, and use HowNet and the periodical literature database purchased by the school as in the library. The specific method is as follows:

http://vpn.cufe.edu.cn/info/1012/1054.htm? from=singlemessage&isappinstalled;

2. Baidu Academic: After logging into the campus network, you can use Baidu Academic to directly search for documents and download papers, which is very convenient. Another advantage of Baidu Academic is that by using its citation function, you can directly get a variety of topic formats summarized in references, so that you don’t have to modify the formats together at last. The website address is as follows:

http://xueshu.baidu.com/

3. SCI-HUB: The foreign language literature of this website is relatively complete, but you need to know the exact title of the literature, and all the literature you can find can be downloaded for free. The website address is as follows:

https://sci-hub.shop/

03. About the writing of introduction and literature review

Every student should strive to be a best-selling "thesis" writer (not an imaginative novelist! ), try to find out the bright spots in the works and sell them to readers. From the perspective of writing, the topic of the paper is very important. If your paper catches the teacher’s heart at the beginning, it will be half the battle! Therefore, several questions should be emphasized in the introduction: What is the research question of this paper? Why is it important? The important research progress of existing literature and the innovation and contribution of this paper.

Secondly, the literature review is not a simple list of several conclusions, but your thinking process when reading the literature, and it is also a summary of your inspiration by connecting these documents in series. Literature review needs logic and content. If we just copy the abstracts and conclusions of the literature, it will not only affect the duplicate checking rate, but also make the article look logical and chaotic. Literature review is mainly aimed at your research direction to introduce the current research status. By systematically describing the research methods, data and conclusions of the existing literature, you can better grasp the basic theoretical assumptions of the research problem, and dig out the contribution of the paper through comparison. A good literature review requires us to pay more attention to English literature and make a summary in time. By reading a large number of documents in related fields, learn to screen the documents that need to be written into the literature review. Generally, we will give priority to the literature of top journals at home and abroad, and then we will be more willing to choose the recently published literature, and we will also screen some classic literature with more references. The screening method of these documents is mainly to make our literature review more quality and more in line with economic hotspots.

Tips: Many students will accidentally involve plagiarism when writing literature review. There are two main reasons: First, they have not cited the literature well. Please find a few regular top Chinese and English journals and refer to how Daniel cited the literature. It is best not to find other students’ papers for reference, and the high probability will be wrong; The second is to pile up papers. Many students like to pile up the abstracts of English papers like bricks after translation, which is definitely not the correct way to write literature review, and it is also prone to duplicate checking. I suggest that you make a draft before writing, think clearly about the theme of each paragraph, and then sort out the literature related to the theme, and sum it up in your heart. Then cover the literature and write it according to your own understanding and words. It is best not to write while reading, so as to avoid piling up and translation plagiarism.

04. About database

Data processing and model design are important tools to verify the story you want to tell. The above has introduced how to use the campus network at home, and you can download all kinds of data you want from the school’s electronic resource library.

Below we simply summarize several commonly used databases in the electronic resource library:

1. China Knowledge Network-China Economic and Social Big Data Research Platform

The website is as follows: http://data.cnki.net/.

2. China Economic Net Statistical Database

http://db.cei.cn/page/Login.aspx

3.RESSET financial research database

The website is as follows: http://db.resset.com/.

4. National Taian Database

The website is as follows: http://www.gtarsc.com/.

There are also some databases available for free download at home and abroad on the Internet:

1. National Bureau of Statistics

The website is as follows: http://data.stats.gov.cn/.

2. China family tracking survey data CFPS

http://www.isss.pku.edu.cn/cfps/

3. China Health and Pension Follow-up Survey (CHARLS)

http://charls.pku.edu.cn/index.html

4. China’s household finance survey data CHFS

https://chfs.swufe.edu.cn/

5. World Bank database

https://data.worldbank.org/

6.IMF International Monetary Fund Database

https://data.imf.org/? sk=388DFA60-1D26-4ADE-B505-A05A558D9A42

7.BIS database

https://www.bis.org/statistics/index.htm

8. United Nations database

http://data.un.org/

05. About empirical analysis and software learning

I believe that most students may also need empirical research related to data analysis, so they may as well calm down and learn some commonly used statistical analysis software at home, such as Stata, Eviews, SAS, R and so on. Every teacher’s commonly used software is different, so it’s best to ask the tutor whether he should learn relevant software knowledge in advance.

For example, in the software learning of Stata, we can combine an introduction to modern economics using Stata (by Christopher F. Baum), Advanced Econometrics and Stata Application (edited by Chen Qiang), Econometrics with Stata (edited by Christopher F. Baum), Introduction to Econometrics (edited by Jeffrey woodridge) and other related econometric books. Through some examples and econometric analysis, we can quickly grasp the common operation steps of Stata analysis.

06. About duplicate checking and format

The repetition rate of the paper = (the number of repeated words/the total number of words) *100%. According to my writing experience, under normal circumstances, if the content of the paper is repeated with the published paper for 13 consecutive words, then this paragraph will be judged as repeated content.

The part with high repetition rate is mostly in literature review. Students should pay attention to the repetition rate of their own articles when completing their papers, and must not copy them. When handing in a paper, you should pay attention to the format of the article and make your article look more rigorous.

These tips are just some small tips. The quality and completion of the paper still depend on strict self-discipline and deep thinking. Do not cheat or disappear. Be sure to keep close contact with the tutor. Everyone should plan their time well at home in this special period, and the first draft of graduation thesis will be handed in in the near future. Students should take the time to improve their graduation thesis. I also hope that everyone can protect themselves in this special period and gain something at the same time!

Swipe up and down to view the full text

five

Graduate students living at home with humble abode

Talk about scientific research "

Speaker: Dai Hongwei

Professor and doctoral supervisor of School of Economics. Doctor of Economics, Renmin University of China; Fulbright Project Visiting Scholar in wharton school, USA; Selected by the Ministry of Education’s "New Century Excellent Talents Support Program".

Talking about scientific research with graduate students who live at home.

Dai Hongwei

My colleagues in the graduate school invited me to write something and talk to my classmates about how to do a good job in scientific research at home during the epidemic. Actually, I didn’t want to take this job, because it’s not easy to do, and it basically belongs to the thankless type. It’s like giving birth to a baby, whether it’s a pregnant woman with a big belly to give birth or a mother with a baby in her arms. If you nag others all day to teach you how to get pregnant, how to protect the baby, how to raise children … and so on, nine times out of ten, it will be annoying to be looked down upon, even if you give birth to a fat boy who is white and fat, it’s fine-what’s more, my "children" are neither so many nor so white nor so fat! However, it’s not easy to arouse the enthusiasm of colleagues in the degree office, and the second is the occupational disease of being a good teacher, so I have the cheek to talk to you. Anyway, I can’t see if you give me the dirty look.

On second thought, let’s talk about having a baby.

01 "pregnancy preparation"

If you want to have a baby when you become a family, of course, you have to communicate with your family. Writing a thesis, the object of intimate communication is of course-literature.

The first important thing is to choose a topic. The so-called "having a good topic is half the battle". So, where did the good questions come from? It didn’t fall from the sky, nor was it smashed by an apple on Newton’s head, but it was thought out. And where does thinking come from? It comes from reading. There are often students who are so anxious that they pull their hair out when they start a topic, and they don’t come up with a good topic. The key reason is that you don’t read enough (I’m not lying to you) or don’t read it thoroughly.

Read more literature that interests you-and the key is to really read it! Read more, and read it in. Seeing those good ideas of predecessors will make you wake up and get a better idea; A bad article will make you feel like a fishbone in your throat, so you must write something to argue with the author; This feeling is coming, and you will feel this kind of feel! Because, the fun of learning is that when you find a question that puzzles you or makes you feel interesting in reading, you will try to find the answer in the book and in previous studies. The so-called "There is a golden house in the book, there is a Yan Ruyu in the book, and there is a thousand bells in the book", which is also called.

The results of your hard work are nothing more than two. One is that you have found the answer, which has enriched your knowledge, and at the same time, you have gained the confidence of "being full of poetry and books" and "I also read several books in that year"; The other is that you haven’t found a good answer, so congratulations, your chance to make a name for yourself in the Jianghu has come, because the feeling of scratching your head and staying awake at night will force you to read the literature again until you find a solution to the problem. And this process is the fun of academic research.

So if you don’t find a good topic, or make do with a topic at the suggestion of the tutor and barely finish it, but you don’t dare to highlight the innovation point in the paper, don’t look for reasons elsewhere, most of them are not read enough and can’t read through.

Another possible source of the topic is the great demand in reality, such as the current epidemic situation and its impact on economy and society, which will definitely be a hot topic now and in the future.

02 "pregnant"

With a good topic, it is equivalent to a baby being conceived, and the next step is how to cultivate this "seed". If you grow vegetables, you have to water them frequently and apply more fertilizer after sowing; If you want to raise your child well in the womb, you must strengthen nutrition; If you want to write a good paper, you have to read more, think more and further demonstrate.

This step involves two important points:

The first is the further determination of the topic. With the general direction of topic selection, the next step is to limit the scope of the topic. Generally speaking, we don’t encourage such big and empty topics as "On China’s economic development" or "Research on China’s automobile industry development", which are difficult to make in-depth and innovative, but it doesn’t mean that this research direction is meaningless. We should read more carefully and dig deeper along this direction, and gradually move closer to "making a mountain out of a molehill", such as "Research on technological innovation and industrial upgrading of China’s automobile industry" or "Research on China’s automobile industry monopoly and government regulation".

Second, we can’t ignore the theoretical review. This link is important because it involves the foothold or innovation of your article. If your topic has been perfectly solved by previous research, or has been overused by many people, then the probability of your paper being "shot" is very high, and your research is meaningless. How do you establish the importance or significance of your article? We still have to look for it in the previous literature, so we should pay attention to the fact that literature review is not a general review of the central ideas of previous articles, but a must (knock on the blackboard! ) Find out the problems that have not been completely solved by predecessors, which is the significance and novelty of your own paper. The common mistake everyone makes in this part is to describe without commenting, but to list in general, without really "describing-commenting". Only by evaluating (finding) the unique contributions of previous studies on the basis of the above, that is, what problems have been solved and what problems have not been solved, can you find out how to fill the gaps and highlight your originality in your article.

03 "miscarriage protection"

Parents, of course, want their children to be beautiful and healthy, loved by everyone and blossoming. If you want your article to be well received, you have to make good corrections on the basis of good writing. Because of this, many "big cows" have said that good articles are all changed.

In addition to writing according to the fixed pattern of "putting forward questions, models and indicators, empirical analysis, conclusions and suggestions", the most important thing in this step is to extract your unique discovery, that is, innovation. Otherwise, even if the idea you came up with at first is very good and original, it has not been implemented in the specific analysis process, and it is of little significance to write the article.

Let’s talk a little more about innovation. After the paper is written, everyone is always afraid to write or can’t write innovation like a little daughter-in-law who is afraid to meet her in-laws. The reason is that the article has no unique findings or new conclusions, except for the lack of reading literature and lack of confidence. It is generally impossible for us to construct any new theories or create any new methods, but we can still integrate our interests and expertise, find new research perspectives, apply new data in analysis, find new findings, draw new conclusions and put forward new viewpoints, which is also the proper meaning of our research topic.

If you don’t do this, you have to go back and step by step according to the above links until you get satisfactory results. This link is very necessary for "protecting the fetus".

04 "production"

Be pregnant in October and give birth once. It is said that "children are their own good" because you have paid too much hard work and affection for them, and it must be pleasing to the eye. But you can’t just like it yourself, and you certainly want others to like it. Therefore, when a child is born, it has to be washed up before it can be held out for people to see.

To achieve this goal, there are finally two links to pay attention to:

First, make a good name, that is, go back and re-examine the topic. Because after your thesis is actually written, you often have to readjust the research time limit or adjust the research angle because of the availability of data and whether the conclusion has passed the test, and the original topic will inevitably need to be revised. At the same time, refining and polishing the title is as important as giving a loud and pleasant name to the newborn child. The title should accurately cover the theme, be straightforward and concise, and attract attention, so the name is a university question. For example, Mo Yan’s "Big Breasts and Fat Buttocks" is eye-catching and exciting enough. At first glance, it seems a bit vulgar and a bit hyped, but after reading this novel, you really feel that only this topic is suitable. This is where the kung fu lies.

The second is to freshen up, that is, make the final changes. Personally, I suggest that you don’t send it to the tutor or editor in a hurry, or you should leave it for a while for "cold treatment". After reading it through again in a few days, you will find many problems and make further revisions. After that, it is strongly recommended to print out a paper manuscript and read it twice. Because the effect of reading on the computer is different from that of reading on the paper version, there will be many problems in the paper version, such as typos, unreasonable sentences and even frame structure and article logic. Revise it again on this basis, and the quality of the article will definitely improve a lot.

After the change, you can submit it to the tutor or editor, and then make further changes after the feedback comes back. In particular, in the process of revision, we must seriously reflect on why the other party will make these suggestions, so as to really improve step by step.

In short, along this path, the academic road will be wider and wider, and I believe you will definitely give birth to a good "child". In the future, it will be said in the Jianghu that you are the father of a certain model or the mother of a certain theory. I believe you still have a great sense of accomplishment!

Swipe up and down to view the full text

six

Preparation before writing economic and financial papers

Speaker: Fang Yi

Associate Professor, School of Finance. Research fields: financial risk and supervision, financial technology.

Preparation before writing economic and financial papers

Fangyi

The writing of economic and financial academic papers is a combination of science and art. Everyone has different writing styles, but there are still some common elements. Here, I would like to write an article about thesis writing for your reference. In fact, the writing of the paper is only the last step of the whole paper creation. Before writing a formal paper, we need to have steps such as topic selection, literature and data.

This article is part of the "Academic Paper Writing" given to the students of the School of Finance. You can go to the superstar platform to learn about how to write papers (there are more dry goods).

About the preparation before writing the thesis. This paper mainly introduces you from five parts: topic selection, literature search, literature reading, data collection and data processing.

01 topic selection

You can consult your tutor on the topic selection. Under the guidance of the tutor, choose a meaningful and operable topic according to your own research interests.

In addition, here are some ideas for you to choose a topic.

(A) search authoritative journals published in recent years to find the topic.

For Chinese papers, please search for financial articles published in recent 3 years, such as Economic Research, Managing the World, Economics (Quarterly), World Economy, Financial Research, China Industrial Economy, Finance and Trade Economy and International Financial Research.

For English papers, please search for articles in international top journals of economics, and please try to choose articles in recent 10 years, as shown in the following table:

Table 1 List of Economic Authoritative Journals (Part)

(2) Search the website of authoritative journals and the conference information held or advertised by WeChat WeChat official account to find the direction of topic selection.

At present, the WeChat official account of Chinese economic periodicals such as Economic Research, Managing the World, Finance and Trade Economy and China Industrial Economy are all active, and will push various articles and conference information.

(3) Search and pay attention to the following meetings and articles.

1. Search the topics and research directions of famous societies such as the annual meeting of economics and the annual meeting of finance. Pay attention to the conference papers of top conferences such as AEA and AFA in the United States. This is also a good place to download papers.

2. Pay attention to some academic papers and push relevant academic information of WeChat WeChat official account. For example, express delivery of frontier papers in finance, Cinnamomum camphora Economic Academic Circle, Paper Stuffy Pot, Haw Hall, Great Financial Thought, etc.

3. Participate in various academic forums and other academic conferences organized by the school to find the direction of topic selection.

4. You can also find topics from financial news and research reports. Economic Observer, Caixin.com, FT Chinese Network, CBN, "Chief Economist Forum" WeChat official account, etc.

5. You can pay attention to Vox(https://voxeu.org/) and voxchina (http://www.voxchina.org/). These websites are the websites where economists write academic Weibo for their academic papers.

So, what kind of topic is an easy topic to do? The following is an idea that is easy to write a paper (but not necessarily very meaningful).

(1) Choose a small topic. Make a mountain out of a molehill. For example, "From the Perspective of Behavioral Finance * * *" and "Research on the Impact of Internet Finance" are not particularly good topics because they are too big.

(2) Select the topic for which data can be obtained. Financial Technology * * *. Whether data can be obtained on this topic needs to be determined first. You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.

(3) Select the research topic of the influence of X on Y.. Here, both x and y need to be measurable. For example, "Research on the Impact of Interest Rate Marketization on Commercial Banks" may not be a very good topic. Here, there may be a problem with the measurability of x and y.

The topic can come from financial news or academic papers. So, what’s the difference between the two?

Generally speaking, the topic selection of financial news is often closer to reality and grounded, and the significance of topic selection is often greater. The topic selection of academic papers is more academic, but it is not necessarily happening in reality, and everyone is most concerned about it.

It is very difficult for beginners to choose topics from financial news, and it is difficult to find an accurate academic breakthrough point and choose a suitable academic method. Selecting topics from academic papers is suitable for beginners, and it is easy to produce "results" by simple combination, but it is hard to say how much the meaning of the articles is.

02 find literature

Searching for literature mainly includes the following points.

(A) English papers are suitable for academic search engines-searching for keywords.

You can search by keywords through Baidu Academic, Google Academic, Google Academic (https://gfsoso.99lb.net/) and Bing International Edition.

When searching, you can choose the year and the articles cited from these articles.

Figure 1 Search engines search for documents

You can consult your tutor on the topic selection. Under the guidance of the tutor, choose a meaningful and operable topic according to your own research interests.

(B) Chinese papers from the China Knowledge Network (CNKI) search (http://www.cnki.net/)

Chinese economic journals: Economic Research, World Economy, Economics (Quarterly), Managing the World, etc.

Chinese financial journals: Financial Research, International Financial Research, Financial Supervision Research, etc.

Other Chinese periodicals: journal of management sciences in china, China Industrial Economy, Finance and Trade Economy, Economics Trends, Finance and Economics Research, Nankai Economic Research, etc.

Other periodical papers in the CSSCI periodical catalogue.

You can download papers according to the number of downloads and citations, or download papers in authoritative journals.

(C) English unpublished academic papers website (Working Paper: unpublished frontier papers, generally downloadable)

(1) Social Science Research Network (SSRN) http://www.ssrn.com/en/

(2) Economic Papers: http://econpapers.repec.org/

（3）IDEAS: https://ideas.repec.org/

(4) NBER http://www.nber.org/.

(5) Federal Reserve: http://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/default.htm

(6) International Monetary Fund (IMF Working Paper): http://www.imf.org

(7) Bank for International Settlements: http://www.bis.org/list/wpapers/

(8) European Central Bank (ECB working paper)

(4) Just track the homepage of the domain cattle people regularly.

If you stay in a field for a long time, you can know some awesome people. You can track the research of cattle people.

Take Systemic Risk as an example, V.V.Acharya of NYU stern, Tobias Adrian of NYU Vlab Experiment (https://vlab.stern.nyu.edu/). S.S.Shin of BIS and Markus K. Brunnermeier of Claudio Borioprinceton University. Jon Danielsson of LSE and LSE Systemic Risk Centre. Rama Cont of Imperial College London and others can be concerned.

03 reading literature

In such a "free period", please seize the opportunity to systematically accumulate a large number of academic documents.

Literature reading is also skillful. Generally speaking, only those who have written papers can read them better.

(A) the way to read literature depends on the purpose of reading literature.

For the purpose of learning to write, you can read only the international top 5 and the top papers of domestic economics. This research topic has nothing to do with the thesis, because the writing of authoritative journals is often first-class.

For Chinese, you can read the papers of Economic Research, Managing the World, World Economy, Economics (Quarterly) and Financial Research. Don’t focus on the method and theme, see how others express it. At this point, you must be careful when reading the paper. Look at people’s words and sentences, how to organize logical relationships, etc.

For literature reading aimed at finding research topics and methods, don’t just read the top papers. It is necessary to give priority to keyword search and give consideration to periodical grades. To learn how to make a paper and find a research topic, you need to find a paper that suits you. Find the dish that suits you. Here is to introduce the "three-step" reading literature.

(B) "three-step" reading literature to find research ideas

The first step (initial stage): "Hungry for food" (extensive literature search)

Literature review and keyword search are the main methods.

On literature review and search. You can find it in journals that can publish authoritative literature reviews. For example, chinese magazine has Economics Trends and International Financial Studies. English magazines include Journal of Economic Perspective and Journal of Economic Literature.

You can also find the literature by searching for "keyword+Survey(Literature Review)".

The second step (mid-stage): "Looking for him in the crowd" (extensive reading of literature)

Browse literature review, reference list and other related documents and other related documents searched by keywords.

Focus on the introduction and conclusion of these documents. Need to take notes.

Browse the basic model and data table of the article, find out whether you can hold this article, and mark the articles that you can hold. Don’t eat it if it’s not your dish! Focus on the following questions

Theoretical model, can you understand it? Can you change it?

Measurement method, can you program it?

Data, can you find it?

Find articles that often appear in various articles and mark them.

The third step (closing stage): "looking back suddenly" and "stalking and beating" (intensive reading of literature)

Print the marked articles into books and read them repeatedly-read them well.

Find a few closest articles, carefully compare their advantages and disadvantages, and don’t give up every detail-intensive reading.

At this point, either give up the footnote or the Appendix.

Focus on solving the model, where to find the data, and how to deal with the data.

How to realize the measurement method by software? How to generate tables? How to draw graphics?

Take one of these closest articles as a template and ponder it over and over again, so as to replicate the results.

Based on the copied template, relying on the related literature, and according to your own association, these articles are spliced and combined, so as to get your own article template. (the prototype of the self-created article has been made! )

"Three-step method" is not omnipotent, but also has its own advantages and disadvantages.

"Three-step method" is a quick method of writing, which is only suitable for beginners. Beginners need small incentives, especially the first article they have made, which is very motivating. If the motivation is done well, the interest will be there. It is possible to make a big article later.

However, the innovation of articles obtained by "three-step method" is generally not too high. Because the articles found are similar, simple splicing is just a physical reaction. Small marginal contribution in literature research.

In addition, if you have a very deep knowledge of literature in the early stage, chemical reactions will occur for articles in completely different fields after their own deep processing and complex splicing. This is a great marginal contribution in literature.

It should be pointed out that these are all researches from literature to literature. Not necessarily from real problems, not necessarily grounded.

04 collect data

Regarding how to collect data, there are several places to go.

(A) the professional database purchased by the school

Go to the school library to find the database, which is the most effective. Our financial colleges and universities have comparative advantages in this respect, and there are many databases about finance and economics.

The search path is as follows: http://lib.cufe.edu.cn/ → Resources → Chinese database, foreign language database and trial database.

(1) Statistics of China Economic Net

The macro and industry data of this database are complete.

(2)RESSET financial research database

This database contains all the financial market and company financial data.

(3)Wind database

This is the best database for China finance. You can go to the teaching technical service center of the school website to find Caiyun platform and apply for the use time of Wind. Or go to the electronic reading room on the east side of the first floor of the library and use the computer’s Wind terminal to download data.

(4) Guo Taian

This database is suitable for downloading financial statements of listed companies, and it is advantageous to do related research on corporate finance and financial markets.

(5)EIU CountryData Database

This is a global macro database. It is better to be macro.

(6)CEIC database

Make a better database of global macro and international finance.

(7) Global Bank and Financial Institution Analysis Library

This database is a good database for banks and a concentration camp for financial statements of banks and securities companies.

(8) Analysis Database of Global Listed Companies

This database is the place to download the financial statements of listed companies.

(2) Publicly available databases

(1) Juchao Information http://www.cninfo.com.cn/

Where to download the annual reports of listed companies in China.

(2) National Bureau of Statistics

(3) China People’s Bank (Financial Statistics)

(4) Federal Reserve

(5) European Central Bank

(6)CEPII database

(7) China Free Trade Service Network

（8）World Economic Outlook Database

(9)WDI database

（10）UNDATA

（11）UN COMTRADE

I hope that when you do research, you can be a conscientious person and pay more attention to the data sources in some articles.

(C) NBER database of open scholars

Link: https://data.nber.org/data/

Contains the following word banks:

Macro Data

Industry, Productivity, and Digitization Data

International Finance and Trade Data

Individual Data

Healthcare Data — Hospitals, Providers, Drugs, and Devices

Demographic and Vital Statistics

Patent and Scientific Papers Data

Other Data

Figure 2 where NBER downloads data

Figure 3 Macro Database

Figure 4 International Finance and Trade Database

The database of international finance and macroeconomics catalogs of data sources contains the following sub-libraries:

（1）Capital controls and macro-prudential

（2） Exchange rate regimes

（3） Financial crises

（4）Fiscal data

（5）Bank ownership

（6）International price data

（7）International capital flows and interest parity

（8）Financial Development and Central Banking

(four) survey and statistics database, etc.

These are all microscopic databases of China.

(1) Southwestern University of Finance and Economics China Financial Survey Database.

(2) National Balance Sheet Database of National Finance and Development Laboratory.

(3) China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in China, Peking University.

(4) China Household Income Survey of Beijing Normal University (CHIP).

(5) China industrial enterprise database.

(5) Private data

This mainly refers to the private data obtained through their own private channels or partners. Pay attention to data desensitization and avoid breaking the law.

You can use a big data crawler (pay attention to the anti-scraping mechanism and pay attention to breaking the law), or you can manually organize the database.

05 processing data

(A) data cleaning

Data cleaning is the first step to do a good job of research. It is also a very crucial step.

Data cleaning is to sort out the collected data into the data needed for measurement or model simulation.

The data type can be cross section, time series and panel type.

When cleaning the data, try not to eliminate the observed values, and try to save the original data.

When doing data cleaning, it is recommended to use STATA software to do data cleaning. This is the most commonly used command of STATA and its purpose:

Drop (keep)-eliminate (keep) variables or observations.

Gen/replace-generate/modify variables

Rename-Modify the variable name.

Label-Assign a label value to the variable.

Sort/gsort-sort the observed values of variables.

Order-Sort the order of variables in memory.

Merge-Merge different data sources (horizontal integration)

Append-Merge different sub-samples from the same data source (vertical merge).

(2) Statistics

It is very important to know your data. If the data is wrong, the paper must be wrong.

Before doing research, you need to ask yourself a few questions.

What is the data frequency? Is there any missing value? Are there any abnormal values? Where is the range of variables? How big is the data sample size? What is the data unit?

It is suggested to use STATA software for data statistics:

Sum-the most commonly used descriptive statistical table

Tabstat-You can get the quantile of each variable.

Describe-get the information of each variable

Codebook-Check the internal information of variables in detail.

Table-get the frequency table

Two way scatter/two way line-get the scatter plot.

Winsor-remove outliers

Nmissing-Find the number of missing values.

Ipolate-interpolation

Figure 5 sum and tabstat

Figure 6 describe

Figure 7 codebook

Figure 8 table

Sharpening a knife is the first and most important step to write a good paper, so it is necessary to choose a topic, arrange documents and data in the early stage. I hope you will pay attention to the key step before writing your thesis, and wish you all a smooth research.

Swipe up and down to view the full text

seven

"When winter goes and spring comes, it is a good time to accumulate wealth."

Speaker: Travel around

Associate Professor of Law School, Master Supervisor, Executive Director of Asset Management Rule of Law Research Center, and Deputy Director of Commercial Law Teaching and Research Section of Law School; Peking University, doctor of law, visiting scholar at Taiwan Province University and Tohoku University. He is also a director of the China Commercial Law Research Association and an external expert of the Postal Industry Security Center of the State Post Bureau.

"When winter goes and spring comes, it is a good time to accumulate wealth."

travel around

Thanks to the trust of the graduate school, allow me to write some words to encourage my classmates to continue their study and research at home. I have always felt the need to write some words. Two nights ago, the graduate students who received their own guidance sent nearly ten papers to me for approval, and told me that they would submit them to the college at 22 o’clock that night, which made me feel more necessary to write some words.

At the beginning of the Spring Festival in 2020, the sudden COVID-19 outbreak touched everyone’s heart, and also affected our original step-by-step study and life. During this postponed school term, the routine operation may be eating and sleeping, sleeping and eating, and "Ge You Lie" in thousands of postures. However, in fact, there may be another correct "opening way"-if you consciously "charge" and "burn your brain", now may become a critical period for you to stand out and be different.

Delaying the start of school is not a holiday, it is a "holiday ([ji m]) period" … I hope that after reading this tweet, this sentence will always reverberate in your mind. ^_^

Everyone can be the most beautiful retrograde person on the road to knowledge.

During the epidemic, how many people went to the front line to fight the epidemic, they were all the most beautiful retrograde people. As teachers and students, there are actually positions that you and I need to hold on to. When many people are bored at home, if you can study quietly, you are also the most beautiful retrograde person.

Looking back at history, all successful people have some characteristics of "survival in adversity" more or less. I tend to understand "survival in adversity" from another perspective: this does not mean bravely facing setbacks, but you have to do the opposite when everyone does that. For example, when others are rushing to the frontier issues and have published many articles, we can make some cold thoughts on them based on related traditional propositions. Take my own research as an example. Although commercial law is considered to be one of the disciplines that are most closely related to business practice, in recent years I have also made a hard attempt to do some research on traditional propositions, such as reflecting on the separation of two powers, the enterprise unit system, the nature of equity and the function of company law, etc. Thanks to the periodical editors, I have published some papers one after another. The reason why I made such an attempt is that I gradually discovered that traditional proposition research has three characteristics: constant innovation, alienation and cross-border. The so-called constant novelty refers to the fact that the traditional proposition can be called a traditional proposition and has attracted the attention of academic circles in different periods. It must be because it has the vitality of keeping pace with the times, and even if the situation changes, it will never leave its Sect. The so-called alienation refers to the fact that traditional propositions have a long history and are often misinterpreted by contemporary people, which makes them unable to effectively guide contemporary practice, so it is necessary to dispel the fog and root out the source. The so-called cross-border means that the research of traditional propositions (especially in the field of law) often needs the help of excellent achievements in other disciplines, so that it may achieve more remarkable results in research methods.

However, this is by no means advocating that you should do some abstract theoretical research. The study of basic theory can not only be from theory to theory, but also try to examine the current practical problems from a longer-term perspective and pattern. Therefore, cold thinking requires not only courage, but also confidence-reading more, writing more, diving more, accumulating more, and consciously practicing highly recognizable research methods, etc., all of which are the sources of confidence.

02 reading pleasure: different aspects of reading.

Su Shi said, read widely and take about it, and accumulate it with little hair. I often joke that "thick accumulation and thin hair" is a true portrayal of academic work: a lot of papers have been written, but a few papers have been published. However, this does not go against the truth-more and more articles have been rejected, and in fact, the closer they are to successful publication. The starting point of all good papers, without exception, is the massive reading from the heart with a passion.

Reading from the heart is for pleasure. Generally speaking, there are three kinds of understandings about reading: technical reading, intensive reading and enjoyable reading-those who have achieved academic success are technical reading, mainly textbooks for exams; There are specialized books for study, mainly for getting a degree; Those who are interested in everything are happy to read, casual and free. Of course, studying with the curiosity of not solving puzzles is undoubtedly enjoyable. The main problem of many students is that they feel sleepy when they open books, and they are not happy. The phrase "learning from the sea is endless and making a boat" has delayed many young people’s journey of reading. The root of the pain may lie in utilitarian reading-what this book can give itself.

Why study? Nietzsche said that the study of utilitarian purpose is bound to have no real interest. Havel said, we insist on one thing, not because it will have results, but because we firmly believe that it is right. In fact, it can be said that it is simpler, that is, not why. Reading is nothing more than a pleasure. Hu Shi said it well, fearing that the truth is endless, and there is an inch of joy in every inch.

You may say that you have no time to read because of the short school period and various chores. Excuses are excuses. No matter how busy we are, we still eat, sleep and fall in love. As long as you get used to it, you will like it. How to form a habit? Here are some immature suggestions:

(1) Use events instead of time as reading trigger. Many students are used to making reading plans like this: reading for 1 hour at 9 pm; The reality is: the community dinner is at 10 o’clock; Result: Reading is ruined. You know, time is uncontrollable, but some events are inevitable. Try to change the way you plan: read for 20 minutes after lunch or before going to bed. Look, you can’t escape unless you fast all night.

(2) Make full use of corner time. Many students are used to spending a whole block of prime time reading. In fact, this practice is not recommended unless they are reviewing exams or professional books that they have to read. Following the previous point, we can try to read after meals, before going to bed or in our leisure time, and each reading time does not need to be too long unless we have the will to continue reading.

(3) Don’t set the reading task too heavy. Many students are used to setting up some impossible flag on impulse, such as reading a book in two days, or forcing themselves to challenge an extremely difficult book, which will reduce their interest in reading. Especially in the early stage of cultivating habits, it is best to start with simple tasks, such as reading 5 pages a day; Then, every day you may be overwhelmed by overfulfilling your tasks, and then slowly increase your reading tasks.

(4) Take notes, especially electronic notes that can be "reproduced". Many students are used to taking notes by hand, which may make you spend a whole day rummaging through everything in order to find a record. Taking notes by mobile phone or computer, you can quickly find the notes you need through the search function, take notes in crowded places such as subway, and synchronize your notes.

All right, stop dawdling and start. To paraphrase: The best time to start reading is ten years ago, followed by now.

Writing: There are countless rules and regulations, and the Tao is natural.

Of course, even if you love reading, writing is still a painful job for most people. A few years ago, I wrote in the postscript of my doctoral thesis: "Those so-called big things are often small. When we choose to love a small thing, we are doomed to enjoy envy in a small part of the time and have to endure loneliness in most of the time." It takes a lot of determination to make steel. Every time you write an article that satisfies you, you will definitely feel that all the hard work before is worth it.

It is true that writing needs to pay attention to methods. But it may be more accurate to say that every article written by everyone may need to use the corresponding methods. At the beginning of writing a thesis, try as many different methods as possible to explore one or more of them that you are best at. In the same article, it is suggested to use one method to run through the whole article, which can be supplemented by other methods to analyze some details. In the final analysis, the use of writing methods is closely related to everyone’s reading surface and reading volume-many awe-inspiring scholars have distinctive personal characteristics in their articles and writings, and such recognition is often the perfect fit between reading and writing. At this point, it doesn’t matter what method is used.

In the process of writing, you must communicate with your tutor more. According to my own experience, even a cold teacher will be softened when he meets persistent students. After all, it is the right way to contact teachers frequently because of academics. Of course, according to my own lessons, it is best to pay attention to the following points when discussing paper writing with my tutor:

(1) The "deadline" is for you, not for your mentor. If today is the deadline, you must send the paper to the tutor more than one week in advance. After all, you only have one tutor or doctoral tutor, but you are not the only tutor.

(2) With the framework, the tutor can communicate with you peacefully. Every time I meet a student asking what topic to write in a paper, or how to write a certain topic, I feel a little angry. There is no topic you can’t write, whether it is cutting-edge or traditional. The key lies in your preliminary opinion on the topic itself. Therefore, it is best to discuss the paper with the tutor by reading the corresponding literature, drafting the general framework of the article (it is suggested to make full use of mindmanager, as shown below), and attaching the corresponding materials, so that the tutor can give constructive suggestions.

(3) Pay attention to the formality, and check the format, words and punctuation more so that there is no dead angle in 360 degrees.

Teachers read a lot of literature, and even if the line spacing of different paragraphs in the article is only 0.01 times different, it will be dazzling, so don’t take any chances. Before submitting any article (even the first draft) to the tutor, it is best to stylize it, which is actually an important stage to improve your own paper.

In this special period, in fact, tutors are really idle at home except for being tortured by online classes for a while. Take this opportunity to contact them by email and other means to talk about their papers and future.

Finally, return to the original.

Whether reading or writing, the purest is often the most valuable and attractive. So, how to improve the "purity" of your own research? Limited by space, here are a few words.

First of all, pay attention to the native land and don’t love the other side. Whether it is a theoretical or practical problem, since it is China’s problem, we need to pay more attention to the local elements to solve the problem. Extraterritorial resources should be fully used for reference, but it is a means rather than an end. What exactly is China’s contribution-both we and you need to reflect on it.

Secondly, reading and writing can try to pay more attention to the historical perspective. This is closely related to the previous point, and all current problems are nothing more than the repetition of history. A civilization with a long history is sometimes an advantage and sometimes a fetter, but it will never be able to get rid of it. Resource endowment is contained in the long river of history and is an important treasure for our study and research.

Once again, present the truest self. Don’t follow suit, don’t follow the fashion, whether reading or writing, always confirm what topics you are interested in. Especially when writing a thesis, try to show your strengths as much as possible. For example, students who are illegal in this field should combine their undergraduate studies as much as possible, and strive to study the breadth; It is best for a master of French or a master of learning to determine his own research direction as soon as possible, and constantly dig deep into some details to strive for the depth of research.

In a word, it is to return to the original.

It’s February in the lunar calendar. Winter goes and spring comes, which makes us all better ourselves. The so-called "good" must not have a unique paradigm. We just need to improve our recognition as much as possible and reduce our substitutability. Whether it’s "the mountains and rivers are different, the moon and the sky are the same" or a simple "come on", it’s good to have a heart.

Swipe up and down to view the full text

eight

Scientific research is a lifelong event

Speaker: Li Xiaorong

Professor, Doctoral Supervisor, Vice President of School of Finance and Taxation, Head of Asset Appraisal Institute, winner of Fok Ying Tung Fund of Ministry of Education, the first batch of "Dragon Horse Scholars" young scholars of Central University of Finance and Economics, Ph.D. in Management (Finance) of Business School of Renmin University of China, visiting scholar of Columbia University in the United States, concurrently serving as Deputy Secretary-General of Graduate Education Steering Committee of National Asset Appraisal Professional Degree, member of National Asset Management Standardization Technical Committee, member of Education and Training Committee of Beijing Asset Appraisal Association, etc. He once worked as a research assistant at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Scientific research is a lifelong event

Li xiaorong

At this time in previous years, graduate students should be busy with classes, internships, academic activities, writing papers or looking for jobs at school, and proceed in an orderly manner under the arrangement of the school. However, the sudden epidemic has forced students to stay at home. In order not to affect the development of students, the school has made various thoughtful arrangements to make the disorderly life orderly. Nevertheless, the changes in space and mentality brought about by the epidemic will inevitably have adverse effects. In the previous issues, teachers put forward many effective suggestions on how to write papers at home, which are very comprehensive and specific. Therefore, I will not talk about how to write papers any more, but just want to put forward a point of view: scientific research is a lifelong event, hoping to change some students’ views. If more students can pay attention to scientific research, it will be considered as the contribution of writing this essay. Around the viewpoint that "scientific research is a lifelong event", I mainly talk about three aspects: the common problems existing in postgraduate stage, the value of scientific research and the methodology of scientific research.

01 Frequently Asked Questions

According to many years of experience in teaching and guiding graduate students, I personally find that some graduate students have the following common misunderstandings or problems:

(A) learning knowledge is a bounden duty.

Before the first class for graduate students, I often ask my classmates what they want from the class. Most of the answers are to learn more knowledge. Learning knowledge is important, but the main task of graduate students is not to learn knowledge, but to create knowledge. If the postgraduate stage still focuses on learning, it will enter the post-undergraduate stage, not a real postgraduate. In order to create knowledge better, we should not neglect the cultivation of critical thinking and innovative thinking. In the undergraduate stage, we may accept all the knowledge taught, but in the postgraduate stage, we should learn to question, criticize and innovate. Even if the documents posted in Top Journal are re-anonymously reviewed, there are still 10,000 reasons to refuse, and Mr. Daniel will make mistakes sometimes. Therefore, we should learn to think independently, to question and criticize. Failure to find a problem actually reflects the limitations of your thinking. Criticism is the way to find a problem, and in fact, criticism is also the beginning of innovation. Regarding the cultivation of innovative thinking, I encourage students to think more, even if it is irrelevant, it is better than repeating other people’s views.

(2) Internship and textual research are king.

At present, a serious problem for graduate students is that they attach too much importance to internship and textual research. They start internship and textual research as soon as they enter school. Even if people are in class, they are absent-minded, and their soul and body are separated, let alone scientific research, and they even sneer at academics. In this case, I think they are not graduate students, but at most they are "on-the-job graduate students" (work is the main business, and classes and scientific research are sideline businesses). One of the problems caused by this phenomenon is to deal with the course papers and graduation papers, and the quality of the papers is getting worse. Personal experience in guiding graduate students for many years shows that the internship time is negatively correlated with the quality of papers. The more internship time, the more time you occupy for scientific research and the less energy you spend on papers. I’m not against internship and textual research. Internship and textual research are really beneficial to finding a job, but we can’t ignore the cultivation of research ability in graduate stage. The certificate can be tested after work, but it’s hard to cultivate research ability without the platform of the school. How can there be such a strong scientific research atmosphere and high-quality resources in the future? This epidemic deprives students of internship opportunities, but it is a good opportunity to improve the quality of scientific research. I hope that students can use their time at home to read more documents, do more scientific research and write high-quality papers. When you are old, will it be a good memory to recall that you have published papers in a well-known journal? Or there is a high-quality paper published on your resume, no matter what career you are engaged in in in the future, people will look up to you.

(C) the paper lacks innovation

Whether it is a course thesis or a graduation thesis, it is difficult to find any papers that shine at the moment. Most of them are repeating other people’s stories, or adding a situational variable, or changing the sample period, or simply copying foreign papers, which reflects the lack of innovative thinking and does not know how to find research problems. Professor Chen Xiaoping of Washington University put forward four methods to find research problems: phenomenon-driven method, method-driven method, inspiration-driven method and literature-driven method. I quite agree with him. Phenomenon-driven method refers to finding research problems according to the phenomena that appear in reality; Method-driven method is to use new research methods to study problems; Inspiration-driven method refers to the research problem of inspiration selection based on sudden; Literature-driven method refers to finding missing variables from previous literature, thus raising research questions. Personally, I think that no matter what kind of research problem you choose, it can give people new knowledge and change readers’ view of the world, which is considered innovative.

(D) Chose the wrong "giant’s shoulder"

Standing on the shoulders of giants is particularly important for academic research. However, some graduate students have the problem of choosing the wrong "shoulders of giants" and treating their graduated seniors and sisters as "giants". I often wonder why students often make the same mistakes in their graduation thesis every year, and even I repeatedly emphasize the problems that can’t appear in class, and I still make the same mistakes when writing my graduation thesis. I think about it carefully, and perhaps the main reason is that the common way for students to write their graduation thesis is to look at how their seniors write their graduation thesis, thinking that they can pass the defense if they write it according to their thesis paradigm, but I don’t know that your seniors’ graduation thesis has many problems, and some of them even pass by luck. So what is a "giant"? Papers published in top journals are "giants", and they have undergone strict peer anonymous review. The better the journal, the more demanding the reviewers are, and the quality of the papers is guaranteed after anonymous review. The anonymous reviewers of top journals are also top, and the papers that can be published represent the research taste of top scholars. Therefore, we should read more, learn more and quote more papers from top journals.

The value of scientific research

Personally, I think that scientific research is not only for obtaining graduate degrees or publishing papers, but also for thinking training. The skills or thinking training obtained in scientific research can help you take every step of life and help you succeed. It is the methodology of any career, so it should be treated as a lifelong event.

(A) the source of ideas

The slogan of Guanghua School of Management, Peking University is "Brilliant because of thoughts". On the basis of this expression, President Liu Qiao added six words "Thinking because of academics". My feelings are the same. Academics produce thoughts, and scientific research is an important source of thoughts. Looking at many successful people, they are very thoughtful. They change the world because of their thoughts and get respect because of their thoughts. Scientific research teaches us to be different (innovative). This difference allows us to find more ways to solve problems or more efficient ways to do things. Therefore, it is suggested that students take scientific research seriously and temper their thoughts with scientific research methods, which will benefit you for life. The scientific research here does not mean writing papers chivalrously, but looking at and thinking about problems with scientific research methods.

(B) affect life and work.

As a man, your attitude towards scientific research can reflect your attitude towards being a man. Those who are meticulous in academic research will also be meticulous in what others have told them, and they will be strict with their research and their own lives. They will be eager for quick success in scientific research and eager for quick success in life. Scientific research affects life and work in at least three aspects: First, the rigor of scientific research makes people more rigorous. Xu Shuying, a famous professor of management, thinks that the key to the success of paper publication lies in the rigor of the scientific research process itself. If you go through systematic scientific research and training, it can help you to be more rigorous, and rigor is a good quality, which can help you gain trust and improve the quality of work. Academician Zhong Nanshan mentioned in an interview that "when you look at a thing or do a research, you should have a factual basis and don’t jump to conclusions easily", indicating that scientific research and doing things are the same. Second, scientific research attaches importance to logic to help you speak, write or do things more logically. Whether it is logical or not is an important aspect to judge the quality of a thesis, especially for graduation thesis. In the process of instructing students to graduate thesis or giving students a defense, logic is mentioned the most. Many students have the problem that they don’t know how to lay out their essays. The whole thesis seems to be logically chaotic and doesn’t revolve around the center of the article. I think after the guidance of teachers and the training of scientific research, it will be more logical to speak and do things in the future. Third, scientific research helps to improve the level of writing and expression. There are a large number of course papers in the postgraduate stage. If you take each one seriously, the level of writing and expression will be greatly improved.A practical expert once mentioned why they want graduate students, because graduate students have at least tens of thousands of words of writing training. In fact, employers recruit graduate students instead of undergraduates. What they value is the research ability of graduate students. Graduate students have high human capital, and their future goal is to move towards management positions. Writing and expression skills are essential. If you want to start a business after graduation, scientific research will also help you. Scientific research needs to choose a good project. In order to land this good project, it is necessary to manage this project, invite like-minded collaborators, do a good job in research, and then market it. This is the same as the logic of starting a business.

(C) improve emotional intelligence

There are ups and downs in scientific research. The experience of each paper creation is actually a life story. Most of the time, it is boring and lonely. If you can stand the loneliness of scientific research, you can also achieve great things. We have written many papers, of which only a few can be published in well-known journals. Even Daniel has rejected many papers. In life, we rarely hear others accuse you of your shortcomings, unless you are very close, which makes you lose many opportunities to correct your shortcomings. When you encounter setbacks, you may be at a loss. However, scientific research is different. Many people find fault with you, especially in anonymous evaluation, and the reviewers don’t know your identity, so you don’t have to worry about your face. You may criticize the shortcomings of your paper without reservation or even "pick bones with eggs". You may not be able to stand this kind of "spite" when you first do scientific research, but after many submissions, you will develop the ability to resist setbacks. This kind of belittling criticism and facing negative opinions.

03 scientific research methodology

Since scientific research is a lifelong event, how to better handle and complete the lifelong event? When writing this article, I thought of a few points, but it is definitely not comprehensive. I hope it will help.

(A) to master the method

First of all, we need to master the technical methods of scientific research. For example, doing empirical research requires econometric knowledge and skilled statistical software operation, so we need to spend a lot of energy learning measurement and statistical software in the early stage of research; Secondly, the experience and methods of predecessors’ research. Many websites or WeChat WeChat official account will publish the research methods of well-known scholars, and the school will also invite well-known scholars or periodical editors to talk about their research methods or contribution experiences. The series "Teach you to write papers at home" invited by the graduate school is good learning materials. These materials are valuable experience accumulated by them all the year round, which can save you a lot of detours. It is recommended that students use a folder to collect the introduction of successful experiences of some well-known scholars and study hard.

(2) Find topics of interest

A classmate once asked me how to keep my enthusiasm for scientific research. My opinion is to find a topic of interest. Some students will say that I fall asleep when I look at the literature. I think the literature is vast, and there is always a field that you are interested in. When you read a literature that you are very excited and want to continue reading, delimit the topic or field of this article. This field is the topic that you can study. One of my motivations for engaging in academic research is that I can choose any topic I am interested in to study, get happiness in my research, and get some recognition at the same time. Einstein believed that the ultimate goal of science was to "improve the lives of ordinary people". I think scientific research should first make myself happy, and then take into account the pursuit of this ultimate goal.

(3) Diligence

"One minute on the stage, ten years off the stage", to become an expert in a field, it is bound to take several years of hard work, especially academic research. Many well-known scholars have paid a lot of hardships behind their brilliant publications. In fact, scientific research does not need too high IQ. As long as you are diligent enough, you can finally get a place in academic circles. In the future, academic competition will be more intense. In the early days, there were only a handful of papers published by China in top international journals, and it was great to be able to publish articles in international journals. However, with the academic development, if you don’t publish a top international journal in the future, it is estimated that it will be difficult to get recognition in the academic market.

(4) Cooperation

In scientific research, students often "fight alone", which is not conducive to academic progress. Looking up the papers published in top international journals, you will find that most of them are co-published, and there are very few articles by independent authors. Cooperation has many advantages: cooperation is an opportunity for learning, especially for students who have just started scientific research. They should look for opportunities for cooperation, cooperate with teachers or classmates, or cooperate with other well-known scholars. After cooperation, their academic level will improve; Cooperation can improve efficiency, and an empirical article takes a long time. If several people can work together, it will greatly improve the efficiency and output of scientific research. Cooperation can inspire generate, the research perspective is more unique, the research is more rigorous, everyone’s experience is different, and the way of looking at problems is different. Through discussion, new inspiration can often be inspired; Cooperation can also encourage each other and maintain enthusiasm for scientific research. It often takes several years to publish papers in international journals, and revising opinions will often make you "peel off a layer of skin". If a person is quite depressed, you can encourage each other when you have collaborators, stick to the topic of "fun" until the end, and you may be tired of it after several years of revision. At this time, it is necessary to encourage and urge the collaborators. Many students may ask, how can we cooperate when we can only stay at home during the epidemic? In fact, cooperation doesn’t have to be met. Modern technology is so developed that we can communicate by email, WeChat, etc. Several of my collaborators have never met.

That’s the end of it. I hope students will take scientific research as a lifelong event and pay attention to it. Don’t be affected by the epidemic, and their efforts will eventually pay off!

Swipe up and down to view the full text

nine

The initial intention and problem consciousness of academic research

Speaker: Cao Tangzhe

Associate Professor, School of Government Administration, Deputy Director, Department of Administration. Visiting scholar at the University of Texas at Austin (2015-2016), whose main research areas are government budget performance management and public management theory and method.

The initial intention and problem consciousness of academic research

Cao tangzhe

In the 14th century, the Black Death swept through Europe, when Newton was studying at Trinity College, Cambridge University, and spent 18 months in isolation in Woolsop’s country estate. This period became the starting point of his later research and innovation in calculus, gravity and optics.

01 the initial intention and internal skill of academic research

How can we make our academic research innovative, make contributions and move towards Excellence? Just as the road to success is only "diligence"; There is only one road to outstanding academic achievements, and that is "innovation". As Schumpeter said, "innovation" of "establishing a new production function" is the soul of market economy. Then the academic "innovation" that contributes to the marginal improvement of human knowledge is the soul of academic research and the "initial heart" of academic research.

If we say that there are eighteen internal mental methods for the eighteen palms of the dragon, there are not so many internal mental methods for academic research, and there are three types: one is to ask questions; The second is to use scientific methods to solve problems. The third is to condense knowledge into theory; Today, we will talk about one of the internal psychological methods of academic research and ask questions.

02 the starting point of ronald coase’s "deification"

Let’s first look at how a sophomore can use this "three styles". This sophomore was born in 1910 in Willesden, a suburb of London, England, with ronald coase. When he was a sophomore, he raised an interesting question. The exploration and solution of this question became the "initial heart" and starting point for him to win the Nobel Prize in his later years and "worship the gods" as the father of new institutional economics.

Ronald coase’s The Nature of Enterprises, written when he was 27 years old (1937), is recognized as the foundation work of new institutional economics. So how did Coase form the analytical paradigm of new institutional economics in this paper, thus expanding the scope of traditional economics on the basis of inheriting the analytical methods of traditional economics?

1. the question is raised. Coase was a sophomore at the London School of Economics in 1931. At the age of 21, he attended a seminar in Pratt, from which Coase learned some basic contents of price theory. His core view is that the "invisible hand", that is, the market price mechanism organizes and regulates production, is the only and most efficient way to allocate resources. However, in reality, Coase found that there is also a way of organizing resources to produce in the market. Although enterprises are active in the market, their internal organization, management and production activities do not need market price mechanism. In addition, economists in the Soviet Union at that time thought that the Soviet Union could run like a huge factory. The contradiction between the theoretical background and the actual phenomenon urges Coase to think about such a question: since the traditional view holds that the market price mechanism is the most effective and only way to allocate resources, why do enterprises exist? Why do enterprises replace the price mechanism? How to determine the scope of enterprise alternative price mechanism?

So how did Coase demonstrate it concretely? ……

The new institutional economics is widely used in public management. Interested students can read The Nature of Enterprises, which will certainly inspire them.

Scientific research begins with problems and ends with problems.

Everything is difficult at the beginning. What is the starting point of academic research? Einstein also pointed out: "It is often more important to ask a question than to solve it. Because solving problems may be just a mathematical or experimental skill, it requires creative imagination to put forward new problems, new possibilities and look at old problems from a new perspective, and it marks the real progress of science. "

In academic research, almost every academic theory is put forward and developed from a specific problem. For example, "Making Democracy Work" written by Italian political scientist Robert D. Putnam starts with the question of whether the regional system determines political practice, and goes further into why there are differences in system performance. Why are there differences in the public spirit of citizen communities? Why are the differences in historical decisions stable? And so on, completed this book on the theoretical origin of social capital.

Ways to doubt and ask questions in an orderly way

K. R. Merton, a famous historian and sociologist of science in the 20th century, thinks that "organized scepticism" is an important temperament of modern science. How to doubt in an organized way? I summed up a few things to communicate with you.

(A) ask questions from the gap between theory and experience.

The so-called "experience" is the phenomenon and fact that we can observe and test. When new experience conflicts with existing theories, and existing theories cannot explain the new reality, problems arise. After raising this kind of question, we need to revise the existing theory or give a new theoretical explanation to the new experience, so as to put forward a new theory. In natural science, there are many cases that ask questions because of the contradiction between new experience and old theory. For example, the discovery of photoelectric effect led to Einstein’s "light quantum" hypothesis in 1905. In social science research, including public management, it is also common to ask questions from the conflict between experience and theory. As mentioned earlier, Coase’s book The Nature of Enterprises is an example.

Asking questions from the gap between theory and reality is an important way to localize western theory. By finding out the contradiction between western theory and China’s reality and seeking a new explanation, it provides an opportunity to build a theoretical academic discourse system with China characteristics, China style and China style. Lin Yifu’s papers such as "Self-growth Ability, Economic Transformation and Reflection on Neoclassical Economics" are based on many western frontier theories. Why can’t he predict and explain the predicament brought by the implementation of "shock therapy", and why can’t he be optimistic about China’s economic transformation? Based on this problem, the theory of autogenous ability is constructed.

(B) ask questions from the gap between subjective needs and reality.

Subjective demand is the goal that individuals, organizations and society hope to achieve and achieve. When there is a gap between the subjective demand and the actual situation, problems arise. In the research of public management, the proposal of new public administration, new public management and the whole government can all be regarded as a system and tool design to meet specific management needs. The analytical method and development of Ostrom system is a typical example of this approach. In The Governance of Public Affairs: The Evolution of Collective Action System, she found through literature review that neither privatization nor government control can solve the problem of public pond resources well, and "the problem of how to best manage the natural resources shared by many individuals has not been well solved in the academic hall or in the political world". What is the collective action of the best governance of public pond resources? Ostrom used the system analysis method of real scene and the "second generation rational choice model" as the research framework to analyze more than 5,000 transnational public pond resources. The description and analysis found that "the framework of autonomous governance system with the best governance of natural resources shared by many individuals". That is to say, "essential elements or conditions are found, which help to explain the reasons for the success of these systems in maintaining public pond resources and ensuring that occupiers abide by the rules used from generation to generation."

(C) Problems arising from seeking the connection between empirical facts and making a unified explanation.

Seeking the relationship between empirical facts and making a unified explanation is the most basic way to ask scientific questions and construct theories. This approach requires scientific research to pursue the universality of theory and the simplicity of logic as much as possible. Examples of such questions abound in natural science, such as the discovery of the periodic law of elements. In the field of public management, it is also a way to ask questions in the development of public management to seek a unified explanation of phenomena in a certain range, then gradually expand the scope and seek a unified understanding and explanation in a wider range. For example, the discussion of the "big problem" of public management is an effort to seek a unified explanation of public management theory.

(D) to ask questions from the contradictions within the theoretical system.

A theory or concept, if logical contradiction can be deduced from it, shows that there are problems that need further discussion. Contradictions within the theoretical system have many manifestations, including: contradictions between the premises and assumptions of the theoretical system, contradictions between the theoretical contents of the theoretical system, contradictions between theoretical inferences and so on.

In the research of public management, Herbert Simon, who won the Nobel Prize in Economics for his background in management, put forward the management decision-making theory from the paradox of "management range and management span" in the traditional public administration motto in Administrative Motto.

(5) Asking questions from different theories and assumptions that compete with each other or even contradict each other.

In the process of scientific research, people often put forward different theories and assumptions for the same problem. If there are competing theoretical hypotheses about the same objective phenomenon, then this is an opportunity to ask questions and promote scientific development. For example, the contradiction between the laws of thermodynamics in the field of physics and the theory of biological evolution has promoted the development of system science and led to the establishment of Prigogine’s dissipative structure theory. In social science and public management research, this is also a frequently used way to ask questions. For example, in Capitalism and the 21st Century, Huang Renyu put forward his own view of "great history" and the theory of managing capitalism by numbers, starting with the theoretical debate between different schools of thought on what capitalism really is.

(six) from the concept, theory and method of a subject to other fields.

Learning from each other among discipline concepts, theories and methods forms new research fields and approaches, which is an important way to raise research questions and develop scientific theories. For example, an American columnist commented on Qian Xuesen’s "Engineering Cybernetics": "Engineers focus on practice and solve specific problems, and are not good at rising to the theoretical level; Mathematicians are good at theoretical analysis, but not at solving practical problems from general to individual. Qian Xuesen, on the other hand, concentrated on two advantages, skillfully loaded two wheels on a chariot, and rolled out a new way of engineering cybernetics research … "

Pass to ask questions: a literature review

If you want to make valuable research instead of "inventing the wheel a hundred times", you must read the professional frontier literature and make a literature review. Find out the top ten journals in this field, as basic magazines, and keep tracking for a period of time, and you will definitely find problems and corresponding research directions. For example, we can focus on the five core areas of public management for English periodicals of public management discipline. That is, public administration (PA), public policy (PP), public budget and finance (PB&F), public personnel administration (PPA) and public organization study (POS). Find out the top ten journals in these five core areas and carry out follow-up reading, such as: Administration & Society, American Review of Public Administration, Canadian Public Administration and Evaluation Review.(Evaluation Review), Financial Accountability and Management, Human Relations, International Journal of Public Administration, Journal of Management Studies, etc.

Let’s get back to the present:

When you are confused about code words, running data and modifying models, have you ever returned to the "initial heart" of academic research and asked yourself: What questions have you raised and what contribution have you made to the marginal improvement of knowledge?

When you are preparing the topic, does the relationship between the change of public opinion in COVID-19 and the setting of government agenda conform to the hypothesis of discontinuous equilibrium theory? Is it a problem that can be studied? …….

Problems are the beginning of research, and finding them often takes up more than 50% of our research time. As for how to solve the problem? How to condense the solved problems into propositions, assumptions and theories to form the expansion of knowledge? Those are the other two methods of academic research. That’s all for this time.

Swipe up and down to view the full text

WeChat official account, the graduate school of finance, launched it.

"Teach you how to stay at home and engage in academics" column

To be continued!

Welcome to continue to pay attention

"Central University of Finance and Economics Graduate School" WeChat WeChat official account

This unforgettable semester

Teachers put down the chalk.

Exerting "Eighteen Martial Arts" in Micro-course

Whether online or offline.

No matter how or where.

The classroom is always cufer’s DreamWorks.

Special period, forging special you.

Try harder.

Put your mobile phone where you can’t reach it.

Winter goes and spring comes, engaging in scientific research.

It’s a good time to accumulate wealth and thin hair.

Source: School of Economics, Graduate School

Planning: the National Day contains Run Lin.

Original title: "Dry goods! These online micro-courses can teach you to be academic at home! 》

Nowadays, "the dispute of Chinese etiquette" has become a technical term. Whether it refers to the dispute between the East and the West in a narrow sense (1583-1742) or a series of historical facts that have almost run through the whole communication between China and the West since the Ming and Qing Dynasties in a broad sense, the "Chinese etiquette dispute" can be called a major event in the long history of cultural exchanges between China and the West. It is of great significance to the comparison, dialogue and communication between different civilizations in the world today, and its importance is beyond doubt.

On May 11, 2019, the first international workshop on the frontier research of "Chinese Etiquette Debate and Nakanishi Rei Studies" was held in the Convention Center of Shanghai Normal University. With the innovative way of "interdisciplinary dialogue and parallel research", the workshop gathered more than 30 experts and scholars at home and abroad to explore and expand the way of communication and dialogue between China and foreign countries.

The first international workshop on the frontier research of "China’s Etiquette Debate and Nakanishi Rei Studies" brought together more than 30 domestic and foreign experts and scholars from Fudan University, Wuhan University, Central South University, Institute of World Religions of China Academy of Social Sciences, South China Normal University, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Vassar University in the United States and other Chinese and foreign universities and research institutes. The workshop was jointly sponsored by Shanghai Comparative Literature Research Association, Li Xu Wenming Dialogue Research Center of Fudan University and China Language and Literature Innovation Team of Shanghai Normal University, and was specifically undertaken by the editorial department of Comparative Literature and World Literature, the national key discipline of Shanghai Normal University.

The opening ceremony of the workshop was presided over by Associate Professor Ji Jianxun, majoring in comparative literature and world literature in Shanghai Normal University.

Professor Cha Tsinghua, Dean of School of Humanities and Communication, Shanghai Normal University, and Professor Liu Yunhua, Head of Comparative Literature and World Literature, delivered speeches respectively. Dean Cha first warmly welcomed many experts and scholars from home and abroad, and then introduced the characteristics of Shanghai Normal University’s comparative literature and world literature from three aspects: continuity of development, interdisciplinary and cross-cultural education, and the fine tradition of paying equal attention to academic research and personnel training, and put forward valuable suggestions for the future of disciplines, which should not only seize opportunities, but also continue to improve modestly and cautiously. Professor Liu Yunhua further pointed out that the purpose of the discipline is to create a relaxed, pleasant and truth-exploring academic environment, and placed deep expectations on the future development of young scholars. At the same time, Liu Jiaoshou announced that he would take this meeting as an opportunity to prepare for the establishment of the "Interdisciplinary Dialogue and Parallel Research Center" of Shanghai Normal University.

The conference consisted of a keynote speech in the morning and two parallel workshops in the afternoon. Under the unified theme of "Chinese Etiquette Debate and Nakanishi Rei Studies", 21 lectures were given, which cleared up many problems and promoted the academic understanding and research of "Chinese Etiquette Debate" from various angles and fields.

Li Tiangang: "Debate on Chinese Etiquette" —— Research Method and Its Expansion

The keynote speech in the morning is divided into two halves. The keynote speech in the first half was hosted by Yuan Zhaohui, a researcher at the Institute of World Religions of China Academy of Social Sciences. Professor Li Tiangang of Fudan University, with the title of "Debate on Chinese Etiquette: Research Methods and Its Expansion", discussed four issues. The first one was about "Debate on Chinese Etiquette", and he emphasized that not only western documents but also Chinese Manchu and other oriental documents should be cited in the research methods and its expansion. On the second hand, he pointed out that the "Chinese etiquette dispute" is nominally about "ceremony" and in essence involves concepts, namely God and God, soul and Anima. In the third aspect, he said that the in-depth discussion of the "Chinese etiquette dispute" depends on the continuous advancement of the research paradigm, and in the process, we should open our minds to new knowledge; Finally, taking his new work Kanazawa as an example, he introduced his research in the context of the history of thought, mainly considering what is religion and what is folk belief, and the close relationship between religion and belief and the daily life of ordinary people.

Liu Yunhua: What is the relationship between European Enlightenment and China culture?

Professor Liu Yunhua of Shanghai Normal University gave a lecture entitled "What is the correlation between European enlightenment and China culture? First of all, taking Leibniz as a case, he analyzed and pointed out that although Leibniz had contact with China culture through missionaries, he explained the Confucian "reason" with his deistic view, rather than being influenced by it to achieve ideological transformation. Furthermore, he pointed out that the influence can be divided into implanted and confirmed. When talking about the enlightenment’s understanding of western core concepts such as freedom, equality and democracy, China culture has no implanted influence on the west, but only confirmed influence in the process of collision. Finally, he reconsidered the position of "science and technology" in the history of thought, and pointed out that most thinkers in China in the late Ming Dynasty were always confined to political correctness and could not seek truth from facts, and their understanding of western science and technology was really limited.

Mingde Wei: How to read China’s classics? From the perspective of "Nakanishi Rei studies"

The keynote speech in the second half was hosted by Ivan Ruviditch, director of the International Drama Studio of Shanghai Normal University and associate professor of comparative literature and world literature. Professor Mingde Wei of Fudan University’s report "How to Read China Classics? From the perspective of "Nakanishi Rei Studies", he thinks that "Jing" has the same meaning as the western Textus, and it is woven intentionally, so it must have a structure, so we can observe the Patterns in the structure in turn, that is, the structural Patterns and layout. On this basis, he specifically analyzes the patterns in various types such as structural rhetoric according to historical traditions. It also points out that when we contact the text, we need to regard the whole text as a style of existence and writing. And we should learn to understand a classic and put all these factors into its definite rhetorical structure, just to produce what the work itself contains in those who are ready to read it and endure its obscurity.

Song Lihua: The Encounter between the East and the West —— Guo Shi’s Hunting China in Chinese Novels

Professor Song Lihua of Shanghai Normal University made an in-depth study of Guo Shili’s works with the theme of "Encounter between the East and the West: China in Guo Shili’s Chinese Novels". By analyzing the image of China in his Chinese novels, he pointed out that although Guo Shili took Europe, especially Britain, as the frame of reference in describing China, China was excluded from the mainstream of European scientific, artistic and commercial development and became the object that needed European attention and even rescue. However, his words about China’s national character should not be simply regarded as a distortion of the facts, but should be understood as a historical event that really happened, because it once truly shaped the history and relationship between China and the West.

Zhang Yaonan: From "Debate on Etiquette in China" to Comparative Philosophy in China and Europe —— A Preliminary Study on "Debate on Etiquette" in the History of Comparative Philosophy in China and Europe

Professor Zhang Yaonan of Beihang University gave a report entitled "From the Debate on Etiquette in China to Comparative Philosophy in China and Europe —— A Preliminary Study on the Debate on Etiquette in the History of Comparative Philosophy in China and Europe". He pointed out that "Comparative Philosophy in China and Europe" refers to the comparative study between Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy. Looking at its history from Han and Wei dynasties to the present, it has experienced or will experience six periods. As the fourth phase of comparative philosophy between China and Europe, the debate on Chinese etiquette can be observed in six steps, and further summarized from a philosophical perspective, that is, "the debate on Chinese etiquette" and the "Enlightenment Movement" in western Europe are the same movement, and the themes debated are orthodox and heresy, atheism and deity, polytheism and monotheism, rationality and belief, wisdom and superstition, and self-reliance and self-reliance. It also emphasizes that the summary of Hegel’s "China’s Backwardness Theory" and "Historical Progress Theory" is not in line with the reality of Chinese studies and cannot be established.

On behalf of the National Day: the first voice of the debate on etiquette in China

The first half of the workshop was presided over by Wang Lingling, editor of Journal of Beijing Administration College. Professor Guo Qing on behalf of South China Normal University gave a report entitled "The Preamble of Chinese Etiquette Debate". He took the analysis of sacrificial rites from the perspective of Gao Muxian’s interaction with Chinese and Western Confucian classics as an example, and pointed out that in the recent history of cultural exchange between China and the West, Dominicans, as one of them, have always shown themselves as opponents of Chinese etiquette, highlighting their historical image different from Jesuits’ "adaptation strategy". In fact, it’s not that Dominicans didn’t reconcile Yeru. As early as when he preached in the Philippines, Gao Muxian focused on building a dialogue bridge between Thomas theology and Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism, and applied it to the field of sacrifice. Gao Muxian’s comments on China’s sacrificial ceremony constitute the target of Domingo’s understanding of Chinese etiquette.

Wang Ding ‘an: The Separation of Chinese and Western Sacrifices and the Re-development of Comparative Confucian Classics during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Associate Professor Wang Ding ‘an of Zhejiang University of Technology is entitled "The Separation of Chinese and Western Sacrifice Rites and the Re-development of Comparative Confucian Classics". He believes that the topic of "whether Mass is a sacrifice or not" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was being staged fiercely in Europe at the same time, but it was not fully developed in China because of suppression. Now we re-examine the problems, beneficial experiences and the possibility of re-launching Comparative Confucian Classics with Aquinas’ sacrificial theology, which unifies "object" and "way". We can find that the difference between "being" and "being like being" presented by the sacrificial object is nothing more than a concrete manifestation of the relationship between God and man; The "way" of offering sacrifices to both Ye and Confucianism shows obvious sacredness.

Xiao Qinghe: Breaking away from the mundane and becoming a saint —— The Catholic narrative about saint in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties

Xiao Qinghe, an associate professor at Shanghai University, gave a report entitled "Going from the mundane to the holy: the Catholic narrative about the holy in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties". By analyzing the evolution of the meaning of the word "holy" and related terms, he clearly showed the process of cultural exchange, conflict and integration between China and the West. He pointed out that the missionary equated Sanctus with "Saint", which not only changed the meaning of Chinese character "Saint" and enriched the content of "Saint" since Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also changed the understanding of Sanctus in European Christian tradition, and the thoughts and spiritual worlds of both sides were blended and changed.

Ji Jianxun: The Origin of the Debate on Chinese Etiquette and the Relationship between Chinese and Western Learning Systems

Associate Professor Ji Jianxun of Shanghai Normal University, starting from The Origin of the Debate on Etiquette in China and the Relationship between Chinese and Western Learning Systems, emphasized that the "Debate on Etiquette" should not be a problem only related to the West or the East, and the new understanding should put it back in the historical coordinates of Sino-foreign exchanges, and the key to solving it lies in identifying the origin of the debate and clarifying the Chinese and Western learning systems behind the conflict. Confronting the problem of "etiquette dispute" and the "two-way" between culture, education and religion in China society revealed from it can help us better understand the two different cultures of China and the West and oppose the "clash of civilizations".

Yang Huiling: A New Probe into the Anti-ancestor Worship Thought in the Debate between Chinese and Western Etiquette in Qing Dynasty

The second half of the first group of the workshop was presided over by researcher Yuan Zhaohui from the Institute of World Religions of China Academy of Social Sciences. Yang Huiling, a researcher at the Institute of Advanced Studies in Comparative Civilization and Humanities Exchange of Beijing Foreign Studies University, took the topic "A New Probe into the Thought of Anti-ancestor Worship in the Debate between Chinese and Western Etiquette in Qing Dynasty" as an example, and studied his understanding and reinterpretation of China culture from the standpoint of Christianity by analyzing Li Yufan, a representative figure who opposed Chinese etiquette in the Debate of Chinese Etiquette in the Vatican Library. He found that he was equally familiar with it even if he held a position and viewpoint against China’s "ancestor worship" culture. Therefore, in the process of cultural exchange between China and the West in history, both sides of the exchange have the process of understanding each other and absorbing each other, rejecting and abandoning, seeing differences in the same, and seeking common ground while reserving differences and integrating and innovating.

Gao Shengbing: Matteo Ricci’s Cultural Identity and Its Translation Strategies and Effects

Associate Professor Gao Shengbing of Anhui University of Science and Technology gave a report on Matteo Ricci’s Cultural Identity and its Translation Strategies and Effects. He analyzed Matteo Ricci’s choice of "God", "Soul" and "Diligene/Caritas" (to love/. The cultural identity of "Western Confucianism" makes Matteo Ricci compare or choose Confucian concepts or words in his discourse, and the cultural identity of Catholic missionaries makes Matteo Ricci choose foreignization in concept translation. As the "other" of China culture, the translated words he chose can be widely accepted, which deserves our consideration.

Jian Wu: "Individualization" and "Cultivation" —— A Comparison between Jung’s Analytical Psychology and Taoist Inner alchemy

Jian Wu, a teacher of Jiaxing University, took "Individualization" and "Cultivation": A Comparison between Jung’s Analytical Psychology and Taoism’s Inner alchemy as the topic, and through the interpretation of the most concentrated and important commentary text of Jung on Taoism’s Inner alchemy, distinguished the fundamental difference between Jung’s psychology and Taoism’s Inner alchemy, and Jung’s misunderstanding of "The Purpose of Taiyi Jinhua". He pointed out that Jung’s psychology and Taoism’s inner alchemy are ideographic codes of two discourse systems, which represent two sets of thinking paths, and their speech objects are both internal experiences, so their differences are actually greater than their similarities. If we say that Jung adopted the method of "Geyi", it may not be an exaggeration to take me as the main analytical psychology when interpreting the Purpose of Taiyi Jinhua (including the Classic of Wisdom and Life) for his own analytical psychology.

Tan Jie: Words and deeds attest to Taoism —— Characters and moral education in "stories of testifying to Taoism" in the late Ming Dynasty

Associate Professor Tan Jie of Central South University’s report is "Words and deeds attest to the truth: the characters and moral education in the story of testifying to the truth in the late Ming Dynasty". By tracing back to the ethical tradition of the Renaissance, he placed the story of testifying to the truth in the Chinese translation in the late Ming Dynasty in the humanistic ethical tradition of the Renaissance. Through the analysis of two typical characters, "King Philip" and "Bi Da Lie La", he investigated its transmission by quoting the words and deeds of western sages.

Jia Weizhou: Confucianism-Confucianism in the Dialogue between Ye and Confucianism in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

The first half of the second group of the workshop was presided over by Dr. LIM Hyebin, a teacher majoring in comparative literature and world literature at Shanghai Normal University. Associate Professor Jia Weizhou of Guangdong University of Finance and Economics is entitled "Confucianism-Confucianism in the Dialogue between Confucianism and Confucianism in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties", trying to return to the historical text and the specific context in which the problems occurred, so as to understand the reasons why the religious interpretation of Confucianism occurred in the dialogue between Confucianism and Confucianism in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the starting point of different views, the methodology of hermeneutics and the results of the debate. This understanding will provide specific historical enlightenment to the discussion of religious interpretation of contemporary Confucianism. At the same time, the western Confucianism-Confucian view can reflect the attitude towards the whole culture of China, and we can also see the historical formation path of the western China view and China’s western view.

Jiang Xiaojuan: An Islamic Chinese Translator Influenced by the Debate of Catholic Etiquette

Dr. Jiang Xiaojuan of Fudan University’s report is "Islamic Chinese Translators under the Influence of Catholic Etiquette Debate". She started with the stimulation brought to Islamic scholars by a series of activities of Jesuit missionaries entering China, emphasizing that while they were hit hard, the Jesuits’ writing and speaking activities also inspired Islamic scholars, stimulating them to promote the localization of Islam in the same way, and a number of Islamic Chinese translators headed by Wang Daiyu emerged. They advocated the further development of Islam in China by interpreting Confucianism and explaining the similarities between Islam and Confucianism, which contributed to the further China of Islam.

Li Qiang: Christians in China and the Modern Evolution of the "Etiquette Debate" in the Early Qing Dynasty —— Focusing on the manuscripts in Xujiahui Library

Li Qiang, a doctor from Shanghai University, took the modern evolution of the text "The Debate on Etiquette between Christians in China and the Early Qing Dynasty" as a topic-focusing on the manuscripts collected in Xujiahui Library. In his report, he systematically combed the modern evolution of "The Debate on Etiquette" as a product, so as to illustrate the historical inevitability of modern Catholicism releasing the bondage of "The Debate on Etiquette" to Christians in China.

Wang Hongchao: Religion, Politics and Culture —— A Study of Yi-ology of Suoyin School and Missionaries in China

Associate Professor Wang Hongchao of Shanghai Normal University is entitled "Religion, Politics and Culture: A Study on the Yi-ology of Suoyin School and Missionaries in China". He pointed out that the study of Zhouyi by missionaries in China was deeply rooted in the biblical interpretation through the example that China Suoyin School founded by Bai Jin hoped to find the information of ancient China’s GOD from the Book of Changes and Jacob’s interpretation of "God" in the Book of Changes and other classics in the late Qing Dynasty.

Wang Niecai: Revelation or Reason? Two Opposing Interpretations of the Confucian Classics during the Rites Controversy

The second half of the second group of the workshop was presided over by Professor Du Wenwei, President of North American Oral and Performing Literature Research Association, Professor of Vassar University in the United States and researcher of China Opera Academy. Associate Professor Wang Niecai of Zhaoqing University took the book Revelation or Reason? Two opposing interpretations of the Confucian classics during the Rites Contraversy, this paper first introduces two different interpretations of the Four Books in the West, that is, the Franciscan Lian Dang (1602-1669) and the seal of Confucianism (1664) adopted an allegorical method to interpret the true meaning of China classics as the revelation of Christianity, while rejecting the traditional Confucian classics. And the Jesuits adopted the rationalism method in The Four Books of Western Languages (1687) to coordinate the western rationalism with Confucianism. Through the parallel comparison of the two concepts, it is very intuitive to show how these two explanations are rooted in different theological traditions, which leads to the two sides taking opposite positions in Chinese etiquette disputes.

Wu Rui: A Textual Research on the Origin of Oriental Etiquette in Shakespeare’s Plays

Wu Rui, a researcher at Shanghai Theatre Academy, gave a report on the Origin and Development of Oriental Etiquette in Shakespeare’s Plays. He pointed out that Shakespeare’s works involved a lot of oriental content and oriental protagonists, such as Cleopatra, Othello, and Shylock. According to textual research, the main drama conflicts in Romeo and Juliet also came from the legends of two rival families in the East. By exploring the origins of oriental rituals in Shakespeare’s plays, we can provide a path for the orientalization of Shakespeare’s plays.

Wang Qiyuan: Xu Guangqi’s Legacy in Shanghai and Its Contemporary Significance

In the report entitled "Xu Guangqi’s Legacy in Shanghai and Its Contemporary Significance", Wang Qiyuan, an associate researcher at Fudan University’s Chinese Ancient Books Protection Institute, thinks that, as a first-rate figure who walked out of Shanghai in modern national history, if these places in Shanghai related to Xu Guangqi can’t be fully studied and developed, it is indeed a slight violation of the actions of the sages. Therefore, he made an in-depth investigation of Xu Guangqi’s legacy in Shanghai through the publication of a large number of local documents such as the "Shanghai Fu County Old Records Series" compiled by Shanghai Local Records Office and Tongzhi Museum.

Du Wenwei: On the Mutual Influence of Eastern and Western Cultures from the 90-year History of The Story of Grey Lan

Professor Du Wenwei, with the theme of "Looking at the Interaction between Eastern and Western Cultures from the 90-year History of Grey Lan Ji", systematically combed the spread and evolution process of Yuan zaju "Grey Lan Ji", and concentrated on analyzing the theme changes of "Grey Lan Ji" through various stage adaptations. He pointed out that the spreading history and the changing process of the theme reflected the mutual influence between the themes of eastern and western cultures and drama theory, and in this long-term mutual influence process, The Story of the Grey Lanji not only became a historical drama that was performed circularly on the eastern and western stages, but also spawned some modern dramas.

The results of this workshop are quite fruitful, and the teachers and students attending the workshop have had a heated discussion, which has made a great breakthrough in the paradigm and content of promoting the study of "Chinese etiquette dispute". I believe that there will be significant progress in the near future, and a brand-new and in-depth "Nakanishi Rei study" is taking shape. In December 2018, the Center for Comparative Literature and World Literature, a national key discipline of Shanghai Normal University, held the first forum of "Interdisciplinary Dialogue and Parallel Research", which aroused widespread concern in academic circles. On the basis of the first forum, this workshop is another academic grand meeting with the innovative mode of "interdisciplinary dialogue and parallel research", thus further contributing to the construction of the first-class discipline of China Language and Literature in Shanghai Normal University and making new contributions to the academic innovation of humanities in China.

In terms of research paradigm, scholars’ research shows that the academic discussion on "Chinese etiquette dispute" is starting from the field of history and turning into the fields of literature, philosophy, culturology and religion, showing a trend of multi-paradigm transformation; In terms of research content, the series of results of this workshop also show that the series of debates between Chinese and Western civilizations are ostensibly centered around "Chinese and Western etiquette", which is behind the differences and dislocation of the core concepts of the two heterogeneous civilizations, namely "keywords". These studies can be done from point to area, with a clear sense of problems, and provide important reference for the current in-depth exchanges and dialogues between China and foreign countries.