In April, 2023, the domestic cartoon Fabulous Beasts, which was produced by Molecular Interactive for three years, finally appeared in the form of instant noodles and animation for two seasons after repeated ticket skipping. Because of the high content of Furui, and all kinds of Furui are covered in the comics, this work has become a "New Year animation" for Furui-controlled audiences.

Since the birth of domestic animation, there has been no shortage of works featuring anthropomorphic animals, ranging from Sheriff Black Cat, Jingjing Panda, Adventures of Little Carp to Cats in Peking Opera, Biography of the Great Wall of Giant Soldiers and Battle of Luo Xiaohei. Since the establishment of Shanghai Film Studio, at least two Furui animated films have been produced almost every year. Entering the period of TV popularization, the cat-type Furui has become the absolute mainstream. Under the Umbrella species effect of the cat-shaped Furui, other Furui images have also been developed. Sanchen Cartoon (Blue Cat Naughty Series) and Hongmeng Cartoon (Rainbow Cat Lan Tu Series) have completed the recognition of the anthropomorphic animal images of the audience by the super-long sets of their respective IP.

Up to now, the animation that firmly occupies the audience of young people is still two anthropomorphic animal IP: Bear Haunted (movie group), Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (TV group). However, only "There are Beasts" claimed to be Furui’s works on his own initiative, and the comic propaganda page directly printed the propaganda text "God beast descended to earth, accompanied by Furui".

Whether anthropomorphic animation can be directly equated with Furui’s works, whether furry is Furui’s core trait, how to develop Furui’s aesthetics, how to balance Furui’s social and natural attributes … How does A Beast Solve these mysteries in his works? This paper will start with a question about Disney animation, and explore the various difficulties surrounding the phenomenal text "There are Beasts" and the Furui group.

Starting with Mickey Mouse: Tracing Furui’s History and Aesthetics

"Mickey is a mouse, Donald is a duck and Pluto is a dog. What about Goofy?" The question of Pluto or Goofy not only comes from Gordie in the movie Stand by Me (1986), but also puzzles many audiences and Disney. When Gao Fei introduces himself, he uses names instead of attributes. The official FAQ can only show that Goofy is a dog as a human character.

However, when the Orc/Furry was created, this problem was solved.

Furui, that is, under the influence of the secondary culture, is the general name of anthropomorphic animal images around human characteristics. If we start from the Categorical Ambiguity Theory (CAT for short) proposed by Ernst Jentsch, Furui’s concept becomes very broad: from landing on all fours to walking upright, from being naked to dressing up, from simply screaming to talking, these fuzzy areas between human and animal classification can all be included in Furui’s category, including of course the different characteristics between Bruto and Goofy. Under the influence of different regions, Furui has formed many overlapping concepts, such as ケモナー (cartoon personification of wild animals) and ケモミスト (animal-ear role lovers) in Japan and Furry and Toto in Europe and America.

From the birth of the concept of Furui, it has a dual category of science fiction and animation. Furry, as a brand-new ethnic concept "orc", can be traced back to the science fiction conference in 1980.[1]; But in animation, furry appeared earlier. No matter Humorous Phase of a Funny Face (1906) or Gertie the Dinosaur,1914), there are animals exchanging identities or talking with people. The image of Furui has long been carried forward in the animal anthropomorphic history of animation, including the variations and innovations of various elements of Disney (such as Mickey, Zootopia and Avatar), and the far-reaching influence of My Little Pony series, which has been on the screen for ten years since the Millennium, and the horse fans have also become another independent classification group.

With the layered development of secondary groups in recent years, Furui culture has become an indispensable sub-cultural force, and bilibili has even formed a UPmain community in Furui District with frequent linkage. Overseas Furui exhibitions such as TFF(Texas Furry Fiesta) and JmoF(Japan Meeting of Furries) are in full swing, and domestic related exhibitions such as Super Furry Fusion and Winter Furry Fusion are also held regularly. It is reported that around 2017, the animal exhibition was independent from the comic exhibition, forming a thematic circle exhibition.[2]. Since June 2023, there are even more than 10 exhibitions in the process of ticket sales or preparation this year.[3]It has attracted a large number of offline interconnection of Furui control groups.

In daily use, Furui is not only the name of the ethnic group, but also the meaning of the actor and the lover, that is, Fursona and Furry-phile. This leads to the separation of the three subjects and objects, because they are all under the same body (la chair) because of the relationship of mutual identification. As a result, Furui obtained the embodiment of self-body visualization and touchability, and the self-reflexivity extended by visual touch. This reflexivity points to chiasm of vision and touch: it gives Furui exclusive mineness. Especially when making animal designs, Furui controllers will deliberately avoid other similar patterns, thus creating an egoic-dwelling with a unique body-image. But at the same time, this kind of body image is a psychological object that Sartre said is connected by fantasy. If the viewer does not realize Furui’s image through intercorporeality imagination, the community identity formed by fantasy race, fantasy body and fantasy object will disappear.

Where does this intersexual imagination come from? It comes from Furui’s original etymology "furry feeling". Before furry became an orc/Furry, it was not a subjective name, but an adjective attribute (Furry, fur-covered, furry to the touch) that evolved from the noun attribute (fur) of the body attribute. Fur is visual, while furry is tactile, that is, Furui is inherently connected with vision and touch.

Is it an aesthetic experience around the visual-tactile linkage caused by furry? For a long time, this phenomenon has not been paid attention to in aesthetic research, and its mainstream view is that aesthetics should be disinterested. It was not until Schustermann, a researcher of body aesthetics, mentioned this "important exception" from Edmund Burke’s "philosophical discussion of sublimity and beauty" that he entered the researcher’s field of vision.[4].

The fundamental problem of Furui’s aesthetic experience lies in whether the core of aesthetics is contemplation or intervention. The representative figure of contemplative aesthetics is Kant, who regards the pure formal object formed by rational contemplation as the real judgment of aesthetic feeling, which means that the subject’s desire needs to be deprived in the dichotomy of "the subject is watching and the object is being watched", and it becomes a purposeful existence without interest, so Furui can only exist as the watched aesthetic object.

In Gao Jianping’s view, intervention is the essence of Marxist aesthetics, which requires that aesthetics should not only be viewed, but form an attitude of actively transforming life. Through practice, production and desire satisfaction, the aesthetic process is discussed, and the theory of contemplation is surpassed. The idea of Marxist intervention in aesthetics is closer to the transformation of life, while Burke’s intervention in aesthetics is physical experience.

Burke has a very pioneering thinking on the body dimension in aesthetic research: he incarnates aesthetics, and then discusses the body senses and the perception caused by it. He believes that body aesthetics should explore the diversity of pleasure, and need more desires such as nerve reaction, experience perception and emotional flow. When discussing beauty, Burke specifically talked about specific objects that can make people feel beauty, namely small things (small animals and beasts), smoothness (fur surface), gradual change (lack of edges and corners, complete lines), delicacy (flowery species), color (clear and bright luster) and eyes (clear rotation). Although Furui was not directly mentioned, all descriptions pointed to fullness. Burke’s interpretation of beauty is to "relax the whole body system to operate." The relaxed eloquence in the natural state is the reason for all the actual pleasant feelings. "[5].

Burke’s interpretation of beauty mainly focuses on the intuitive perception of vision and touch. Schustermann also believes that vision and touch should be integrated rather than separated, and the optomotor nervous system will mobilize the comprehensive experience of seeing and feeling as a whole. Especially after the appearance of image media, although the image has brought spiritual isolation, on the other hand, it has strengthened the audience’s imagination of flowing pictures. Husserl also emphasized the importance of touch and vision to the experience of body perception in his body discourse:

"Everything we see is tangible; In this way, they point to a direct relationship with the body, although not through its visibility. If the subject’s only sense is vision, it can’t have a revealing body at all … The body itself can be constructed at the beginning, but only in the sense of touch. "[6]

In this context, Furui really got the direct perceptual relationship with the physical body, so people saw the furry image and touched the furry object, and then gave birth to the lovely experience, which really formed the Wahrnemung return of the body in visual contact.

"Inhumanity" and "Halloween Street": When the God beast decides to come to modern life,

Furui is an imaginary ethnic group in the context of science fiction, but what if these ethnic groups themselves have a thick supernatural culture as a blueprint?

Fairy stories that have formed collective cultural memories are always "telling fate on the road of eternal return". They are often only reserved as "iconic scenes", which once again reveal the intertextuality proposition of tragedy pointed out by Gérard Genette with various details of changes: these are all events that have happened, and these characters are all images that the audience has heard of the complete story, and they have also become certain attributes in the context of fatalism.[7].

Therefore, in order to adapt the myth, readers should not only dialyze the past memories, but also build a discourse expression that is in line with the present era. The ultériorité dramas of these works are intended to expand brand-new themes continuously, and connect the relationship between classicism and modernity in the way of généalogie.

Therefore, when rewriting the myth, the creators will face a difficult problem, that is, how to put the monsters in different planes under the same world view of modernity. Molecular interaction adopts four distinct ideas in its four pillars.

"Inhumanity" puts it in the rapid development of modern life (the main character will go to work in an nonhuman company); Halloween Street uses the collage of living space to mix the species attributes and professional attributes of each character. "What to do! I crossed into the weakest wild monster (the comic book has been finished) adopts a more ingenious way to unify all the different mythical characters through the game mechanism of Azure World.

"Inhumanity" and "Halloween Street" were created in advance, and formed a complementary world view. They adopted two completely different ideas in the conflict and mediation between Furui’s social attribute and natural attribute.

When Yao Yunfan discussed the stylistic symptoms of Sheriff Black Cat, he put forward the conflict between two orders, one is physical nature, and the other is biological nature. The former relies on the integrity of words that are directly visible in vision and understandable in daily language, and forms an order/attribute closer to society (that is, people) in the change of volume (such as big guys bullying small animals); The latter is the "legitimate basis" for resorting to biology, which is unacceptable to society but regarded as reasonable by nature (such as the female mantis eating the male mantis)[8]This is a more natural attribute of Shan Ye.

Social attributes and natural attributes are just at the left and right ends of the Furui Degree Scale.[9]This will be attributed to standing, dressing and talking like a human being, and more importantly, integrating into modern life; The natural attribute is to land on all fours like an animal, wear no clothes, and not intervene in modern life. Inhumanity is closer to the social attribute, Halloween Street is in the middle, and There is a beast standing at the end of the natural attribute.

Some characters in Inhumanity are based on Shan Hai Jing, such as Jingwei, Xingtian, Nine-tailed Fox, Bai Ze, etc. But more of them are taken from the list of gods, which leads to a high sense of social belonging of these characters. "Unhuman" narrates that the protagonist is the nine-tailed fox in September, and the real protagonist is Bai Ze from the omniscient perspective. It is a daily work that lives in modern society through these ancient monsters. As a standard daily work, there is almost no main plot to promote the role, and the database settings are basically maintained. In this series, most of the monsters try to keep the appearance of modern human beings. Except for a few characters (such as Guanyin, Maitreya, Xingtian and Nezha), keeping the human form is based on transfiguration, and some of them are fine-tuned with their settings and abilities as animals.

"Inhumanity" gives priority to social attributes, and makes social attributes physical, while natural attributes are reduced to visual settings in most daily articles. Sometimes characters can understand each other’s natural attributes and turn a blind eye to their practices (Jingwei always does actions similar to reclamation); Sometimes, the natural attributes are completely unknown, resulting in a comedy effect of cognitive gap (the natural attributes of the stars in September and the Pleiades are restrained).

The source of the characters in Halloween Street is the genie in foreign culture, with three main roles: Nick (goat) in hell, Lynn and Lily in heaven, and Ailer (bat), Werewolf Hairy, Mummy Abu, Zombie Xiaolu, Cat and Peach. The natural attributes of the characters in All Saints Street are changed into abilities, and then corresponding occupations are developed on the basis of ability adaptation. And repeatedly jump between professional attributes and natural attributes, thus forming a sense of comedy.

Readers can see when reading two cartoons that the corresponding occupation of each character in All Saints Street has professional characteristics, while it is almost impossible to find a corresponding occupation in Inhumanity.

"There are beasts" simply cancels the setting corresponding to the social attribute of occupation, and its roles are all from the beasts depicted in Shan Hai Jing. The story is in Shan Ye, which is far away from the modern society (the author collected the scenery in Yunnan). Around the core scene of Deer Shop, the story looks for the main line of lost memories with seemingly endless daily cover-up.

The essence of the Deer Shop is the House of Everything (よろずや), which comes from an organization mode of Japanese society and exists as a pre-modern workplace without business scope. Due to its special properties, Wanwanwu can almost accept all kinds of problems in daily life and residents’ service, and its problem-solving methods are also closely related to private detectives.

The development of Deer Man Shop in Shan Ye also lacks the discipline of modern grand narrative. As a narrative hub, it connects all kinds of Furui in Shan Hai Jing, which were originally unrelated, in physical space.

Although in the movie Our Winter Olympics, it is said that the non-human company where she works is also a wanwu house in September, the movie presents scenes such as PPT modification, constant meetings, and work in the cubicle, which are only available in urban and online life. This means that the everything room in Inhumanity is essentially an internet company, and these roles must also be deeply involved in modern human life, especially in clerical work.

Although Deer Shop has not become a structural component of modern society like a non-human company, it is still in the process of modernization, and the key point is dress and the eye of jade bird monitoring, which has also become a direct visual presentation of the tragedy of A Beast (officially dubbed "hair knife").

There are Animals: Furui’s Three Body Forms

In "There are Beasts", all Furui can be roughly divided into three body forms, standing, landing on all fours and fierce beasts. Each body shape corresponds to the alternation of different aesthetic experiences, the transformation according to the time series plot, and the endogenous survival crisis of Furui.

The first body form is the two-legged standing and human dress mentioned above, which represents the discipline itself.

Standing on two feet is close to human beings from the visual outline, while human dress is a unique shame that arouses human beings from ethics. Animals don’t realize that they are naked, which is an original scene from nature. Even if they look at each other, they won’t send out social judgments with ethical reflection from the eyes of the viewers.

However, as Jacques Derrida said, as a human self, being naked in front of Furui will still feel "a shame of looking at oneself, a shame of being ashamed of oneself, an unreasonable and unspeakable shame".[10], because animals use the line of sight that they don’t know, forming a picture to be watched.

In order to block the transmission of "naked (animal)-watching-naked (human)", dressing becomes necessary. As a unique characteristic of human beings, clothing absorbs all other characteristics of human beings and forms a "conceptual concept" and completes the most important functions: shielding the eyes that are seen and integrating into the modern structure. That is to say, no matter whether the body is Furui’s appearance or not, when it is dressed, it changes from a beast [feminine] to a sovereign [masculine ](la bête et le souverain).

In The Beast, there are four characters who have stood on two feet and dressed as human beings for a long time, namely, the deer owner, the four elephants, the barber shop manager, the rabbit and the representative of the hell, and the doctor, the stamen bird, who will appear later. They all have their own clear professional identities in modern society.

The physical relationship between the protagonists in this play also shows more internal difficulties of Furui. The most important thing is the attribute conflict between the store name "Deer Man" (social attribute) and the animated name "Beast" (natural attribute), which has reflected a kind of entity presence and identity absence. The core of deer people is "people". In "There are beasts", as long as the characters who appear as people are only external outlines, they cannot be clearly distinguished. However, all the people who went to Deer People’s Store for help were "animals", and the Furui people did not have a clear understanding of this identity violation, and they were in a vague "ambiguous" state. However, the ambiguity of the sense of boundary echoes the extensiveness and self-reference of the Furui group in reality.

The existence of the "four unlike" reflects Derrida’s "hiding state with a mask". Although he can also be transformed into a four-legged body, as a deer (animal), after inadvertently peeping into the secret, he was instructed by a god (person) and made a standing Furui with a mask of the remains of four different animals, that is, a masked man (I ‘homme Ouloup).

The name of Sibuxiang appeals to its own exclusion. He is "unlike" any living thing and does not belong to any animal, Furui, human and himself. This title also replaces the ancient beast Sibuxiang, who has long died (the first Furui who died at the beginning of the work). His existence refers to a kind of absence. When being called by the brave, his literal presence and the lack of ontology finally appear as a persona.[11]. In the last episode of the first season of the animation, the body of the four elephants was in severe pain, and the unintentional remark "How can a god beast get sick" also revealed that the four elephants, as homo politicus, were always struggling with heterogeneity.

Accompanied by human dress, it is the robot bird bluebird in the form of a god beast. Jade bird is the symbol of the information transmitter in the story of the god beast, but it loses its signifier in "There is a beast" and completely becomes the symbol of monitoring. Jade bird has lovely big eyes that are completely out of proportion to its body, which activates furry’s another adjective "creepy" and also makes Furry’s visual image fall into the Uncanny Valley.

Thus, Jade Bird and Four Elephants form a group of monitors with or without self-will. There are not many scenes of Jade Bird in comics, but it appears in every episode in animation, and even appears in the quiz at the end of the film. There are gods (people) who ask the Jade Bird questions and let it answer them accordingly. This is a supplement of knowledge instead of physical experience, which borrows a lot of classical Chinese content in Shan Hai Jing to make Jade Bird adapt quickly and integrate into the environment of monitoring the whole beast universe.

The second body form is a furry beast that lands on all fours.

This is the most common image of Furui in the works. Almost 80% of Furui is on all fours, which is different from other previous Furui animations. At the beginning of this paper, I have described the famous Furui animation works at home and abroad, but as can be seen from the image, most of Furui’s images before "There are Beasts" focused on "personification of animals", and the key is to fully approach human’s social attributes with animal images, forming a large number of works standing on two feet and dressed by human beings, among which Zootopia is a typical one. Once Furui is drawn on all fours, he will be deprived of his ability of dialogue and communication and become an unspeakable Bruto. From this perspective, the benchmark work of "There are Beasts" is "Little Pony", while the benchmark work of other Furui animations is "Equestria Girls".

The cartoon style almost completely satisfies Furui’s hair texture, with "a texture similar to crayon material for character lines", while the animation "extracts lines and colors separately and attaches materials in the later process, and finally paints the lower part of the character with the same granular material as the art background".[12]Get a line effect similar to that of comics.

In order to strengthen the affinity between Furui and nature, quite a few Furui in the comics have other names for plants, such as the Meng family (walnut, oleander). In the sales information of mushrooms/tree pins at the end of each episode of comics, the corresponding plants are also connected with Furui.[13].

At the same time, in order to better realize the life resonance like Gaia hypothesis, the scene art production team collected a lot of scenery in Yunnan, where the animation was taken, and formed a detailed plant taxonomy.

However, Furui, who landed on all fours, don’t have human attributes directly. They are more like "monster beasts with mythical or linguistic nature"[14]There is a natural estrangement from nature, and its physical perception will be incomplete, as if it were hurt by a dizzy and strange illusion. Although the Furui textures in real life are different, they can always see the most similar outline. They have similar basic body radians, and add or delete them on this basis, and cover people’s bodies by adding fur (that is, animal clothes). With a seemingly naked fur, they cover the really naked flesh with a prothétique structure, but at the same time, they also form restrictions on normal movements and are too hot to breathe.

At the same time, the animation group personifies the ancient memory loss and pain that must be recovered in comics, which is not nostalgic, as a "knife", and hides it in the high-definition pixel (500% magnification according to the creator) of the last frame of each episode of OP, which leads to the psychological and physical sense of traumacore.

The same is true of a large number of Furui in "There are Beasts". Almost all the characters who appeared in the first season of animation have physical disabilities: Jinjiao with missing horns, Yinjiao (mouse), gluttonous (peach and peach) with only brains left, highly emaciated mouse who spits treasures, chinchillas and cats with failed body grafting, and Pippi who has lost his memory. Even though the external images of the Furui people are cute, it is precisely because of this sense of offensive lack of vision that they cover up the difficult survival dilemma of complete self-identity (l’ipséité de l’ipse).

The cuter you are, the closer you are to the grotesque. In "On Cuteness", Yasuhiko Sifang said that きもかわ (both disgusting and cute) and かはゆし (too dazzling to look straight at) have strong affinity. He believes that nausea and loveliness are formed by "overlapping, mutual traction and interdependence." When we think something is cute, grotesque also becomes a condiment. " Therefore, Sifangtian developed Freud’s theory of terror psychology and proposed that "when the origin is suppressed or hidden", intimacy will be transformed into terror. This sense of terror originally comes from the "physical defects of newborn objects: huge eyes different from ordinary people, short legs disproportionately compared with the head, hairless, thin and slender bodies" [15]Together, they form an intuitive visual experience for the lovely Furui.

So Derrida thinks that the imaginative capture formed by Furui is incomplete, not only physically, but also aesthetically. Between the double pull of animals and people, Furui has congenital pain and trauma:

"The ego (moi) acquired by animals must be short of’ me ‘(Je), and this’ me ‘(Je) itself can only rely on a definite signifier of arrival: the ego (of animals) lacks this’ missing’ … animals exist on the conscious ego side, while the human nature of human subjects is on the unconscious (social camouflage) side … forming a kind of self-deception (sertomer).[16]

The third body form is the fierce beast form that is really close to Shan Hai Jing.

Furui’s body standard, from the perspective of de-loveliness, is actually "a natural deformity that deviates from human standard body"[17]Although these spare parts are not cute to watch alone, they lose their aggressiveness when combined and will not pose a threat to mankind. However, if the lovely aesthetics no longer acts on these objects, it will make people feel a strong sense of fear and be full of danger and destruction.

This is also the reason why many horror movies put seemingly cute children in them, such as Rhoda (the first child villain in the horror movie) in Bad Seeds, the sisters holding hands in The Shining, the tricycle girl in Nightmare Street, and the only surviving child at the beginning of The Great Escape. At the same time, children also have natural curiosity to ignore taboos, and driven by strong illogical sensibility, they can easily break the barrier of rational discipline set by adult society to protect themselves.

As a comic title, There is a beast, which seems to follow the cute cute cute beast. After the word "There is a beast" appears in Shan Hai Jing, there are strange and treacherous beasts of all colors, which show lost face, which is the lofty embodiment of nature that has not been recognized and conquered by human beings. When they turned into fierce beasts, their petite, smooth and round bodies were all torn and stretched, and they became monsters with fierce bodies, interactive teeth and huge shapes.

They are "like tigers and oxtails, and they sound like barking dogs." Its name is Bi, and it is cannibalism "; They "are shaped like sheep and have a ponytail, so they are called sheep, and their fat can be waxed"; They are "like cows and hedgehogs, called Qiong Qi, and sound like dogs, and they are cannibals".

Most of these fierce beasts are recombined with parts of other established animals, that is, they are not specific creatures, but mixed creatures. The word used in The Beast and the Sovereign is Kentauros (half man, half horse), and its adjective kantons means rough beast. In Shan Hai Jing, these mixed creatures are extremely aggressive because of the existence of self-multiplicity, which leads to the lack of independent will. Their relationship with human beings is mutual predators, and there are both "cannibalism" and "eating" in the book.

As mentioned earlier, the mutilations of Furui’s bodies in "There are Beasts" are not the accidental work of the animation production team, but the natural gap left by the collage of mixed creatures described in ancient books, which is the connection between "such as … such as …" something in the book. At the same time, it is also a phantom limb that has been superficially completed after the transformation from Furui to fierce beast. Therefore, from the perspective of body perception, the destructive power of fierce beasts is not only outward, but also inward, cutting themselves.

Cutting not only the body, but also time and space. This is the most essential tragic theme that runs through the whole story of "There are Beasts", and it is also the pain of all Furuikong when he enters and bids farewell to this group.

It is not recorded in Shan Hai Jing, but scattered in other ancient books. It was first published in The Book of Rites Quli, where there is a loyal beast before, it contains a saying. The etymology of brave and brave is originally a fierce beast that is summarized as a class. At the earliest, it also lacked a clear entity, and it appeared together with other beasts (bears and tigers). In the lyrics of "There are Beasts" OP, it is literally the budding imagination of readers (people) living in modern times about the ancient world’s beasts, but it is also the imagination of the "non-existent" creature who is outside the universe of Shanhaijing to coexist with other beasts. Similarly, the four elephants, the rabbit and the sincere listening mentioned above are not included in the records of Shan Hai Jing.

This endows the existence of fierce beasts with the heaviness of ancient memories. It seems that there are no them in the Shanhaijing universe that can become common descent. They originally looked at this ancient world in a non-participation way (ohne mitzumachen), but they met in series with fierce beasts distributed on the mountains in all directions.

It is precisely because Pippi forgot the "missing itself" that he met and got to know other beasts in Deer Man Store, and then he had a new story. When he recalls the past history, the present memory consciousness will be reset and covered, and finally he has to choose between the environment (UmWelt) and the past world (welt). The tearing pain of this choice is no less than the horizontal tearing of natural attributes and social attributes mentioned above, but it must be torn vertically between the ancient world memory and identity recognition that cannot be repeated and the modern world with relaxed and humorous daily life. After all, Deerman Store is both a supervision and a shelter, and it is a paradise for Furui to get along with based on "false memories".

Therefore, the story must be carried out in a circular way and forgotten again. Whenever faced with a choice, it will be thrown back to the starting point in the form of Mobius ring. This is the story of the stranded animal island, which is the third suspended parallel space independent of the present world and the ancient world, and is unfolding in constant rescue and escape.

The story of "There are Beasts" is full of bittersweet, just like stories of different worlds are nested in comics, so that it is necessary to rely on the previous reminder of "See the XX words" to connect the polyphony between the Furui lines. This intense dimorphous response repeatedly jumps between cuteness and injury, and finally becomes the contradictory symbiosis of cute aggression.

The same is true of Furuikong’s living space. As the second cuteness product of kindenschema, Furuikong points to the past (childhood) and fantasy at the same time with the furry image of the present. Babies always grow up, become teenagers and get old. Furui doesn’t. Like a cat, he is covered with a furry body. This parallax illusion seems to have the magic of fixed time. It has always existed in the form of Peter Pan syndrome, and one day it will have to break the dream of pumpkin carriage, just like the brave and four elephants.

But what about this?

Even if you have to forget the present and have to go back to the past, the traces of their present life will always be seen by the bluebird. Although the Jade Bird is a kind of non-human gaze (Wondering at the Inhuman Gaze) and a Foucault-style supervision, it still faithfully records all vision.[18]. Behind the bluebird is not only a shining god (person) from heaven, but also a reader who has been watching the story.

Furui’s consolations with each other in "There are Beasts", whether it is listening-Bai Ze, pig-bobcat, cat’s tears-Panhu, and Qiong Qi, are Cute－love built beyond the normal emotional relationship in the world. This love is also true in Furui control: through the reunion of furry people, the fictive kin relationship formed between them shows strong tolerance and belonging recognition. "The sense of belonging to the social circle is a major feature of Furui group, even in 2023, when decentralized society is highly developed."[19]. This sense of identity drives them/us to maintain a deer shop that seems to be in danger but can always help the beasts.

Notes:

[1] Patten, Fred. "Retrospective: An Illustrated Chronology of Furry Fandom, 1966–1996". Flayrah. Archived from the original on 2016-04-05.

[2] Play with people from generation to generation. A suit of "fur" is worth a small sachet. What are the young people in the "animal circle" consuming? [OL]. 36Kr， https://www.36kr.com/p/1708166923523845

[3] Exhibition information was compiled and collected by UPP owner Lopei sama in Furui District [ol] https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Lo4y177Gq.

[4] Chen Xinru. Renewal and reconstruction of aesthetic categories in the era of social media [J]. Southern Literature .2021 (6): P33

[5] Edmund Burke. A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful，Oxford University Press，1998.p39、136.

[6] Dermot Moran. Subjectivity and initiative [J]. Translated by Luo Zhida. Shenzhen Social Sciences, 2019(05):p41.

[7] [France] Tiphaine Samowayo. Intertextuality Research [D]. Translated by Shao Wei. Tianjin People’s Publishing House, 2002: P107-108.

[8] Yao Yunfan. The difficulty of catching mice: The Black Cat Sheriff and the representation of the new order [J]. Contemporary Culture and Literary Theory. 2019 (1): P207, 211, 213

[9] There was a popular piece on the Internet called "ケモのぼろぅ! ! The stem map of "Furui" is divided into five levels, namely, from left to right, human, ear and tail, increased hair, naked body, unlike human bones, and human-anthropoid-anthropo-feral-animal, which can shuttle through Shan Ye (pure animals). [OL] 2010-06-16. https://www.pixiv.net/artworks/11313122

[10] [France] Derrida. Deconstruction and the future of thought [D]. Translated by Du Xiaozhen, etc. Changchun: Jilin People’s Publishing House, 2010.11：p114

[11] [France]. Derrida. Beast and Sovereign. Volume I [D]. Translated by Wang Qin. Xi ‘an: Northwest University Press, 2021.12：p20

[12] The other side. Furui animation made in China, which I didn’t expect [OL]. Animation Academic Party. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/L-_cjhqFfb847DehkACH9w., 2023-06-24.

[13] For details, please refer to the sales information of "There are Beasts" after the 745th sentence in the comic book: Listen to the sky-blue mushrooms, such as Qiong Qi Blood Tooth Mushroom, Rabbit Ye Xia Oak, Zhuang Zhuang Lemon Tree, Balingjun Du Ying, etc.

[14] [France]. Derrida. Beast and Sovereign. Volume I [D]. Translated by Wang Qin. Xi ‘an: Northwest University Press, 2021.12：p49

[15] [Japan] Yasuhiko Yasuda. On Cuteness [D]. Translated by Sun Mengmeng. Jinan: Shandong People’s Publishing House, 2011.2：p71

[16] [France]. Derrida. Beast and Sovereign. Volume I [D]. Translated by Wang Qin. Xi ‘an: Northwest University Press, 2021.12: P205-206

[17] [Japan] Yasuhiko Yasuda. On Cuteness [D]. Translated by Sun Mengmeng. Jinan: Shandong People’s Publishing House, 2011.2：p77

[18] Sean D. Kelly . Wondering at the Inhuman Gaze[J]. in Anya Daly, et. al. (eds.) Perception and the Inhuman Gaze (New York: Routledge, 2020): p239-253.

[19] Bao Xiang, Dr.B B. Furui, but gay-a cross-ecological discussion between animal fans and gay men in mainland China [OL]. Zhihu. https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/595827268

　　[Pacific Auto] On May 17th, Pure Power (|) of Auto was put into production and rolled off the production line in Yancheng Branch of the Group, and delivered to the first batch of users.

　　It is understood that China FAW Yancheng Branch will invest and transform 30 production lines one after another, reaching the annual output of 100,000 vehicles. In the manufacturing process, the car body welding is 100% automatic, with high precision and zero error, and the 6-layer spraying process brings ultra-high painting quality, and 100% data of the final assembly is uploaded to realize the traceability of the whole car quality. In terms of quality inspection, the laser radar with the measurement accuracy finer than the hair ensures the uniform and beautiful gap between vehicles, and the detection intensity of rain around 360 degrees reaches more than twice the national standard. More than 16 kinds of complex road conditions are tested by industry standards, and 19 rigorous tests in 4 categories reflect the quality standards of China FAW.

　　This factory takes Pentium pony as the first model, and the follow-up planning has a brand-new brand. The second model will be a model, product code E311, focusing on cutting-edge technology, and there will be a brand-new car product code E541 in the future. It is reported that Pentium E311 will be mass-produced at the end of this year or early next year.

　　It is worth noting that on April 30, Pentium Pony started the pre-sale. At present, three models have been launched, and the pre-sale price range is 28,900-34,900. The car is positioned as a pure electric mini-car with three doors and four seats. In terms of design, it adopts a round Q-Meng style, providing 6 exterior color schemes and 5 interior color schemes. In addition, the new car is available in 122km and 170km endurance versions.

　　In terms of design, the Pentium pony adopts a round and cute style, especially the round headlight group at the front of the car, with different color matching decorations, and its personality is cute. Miss Chen should like this style more. In terms of color matching, Pentium Pony offers six optional car colors: Tiandai Green, Cheese White, Camellia Green, Peach Powder, Jasmine White and Bubble Blue.

　　In other details, the car body uses contrasting colors in many places, such as the roof, side skirt trim panels, round decorative parts at the tail, and even the rim cover, which further increases the visual experience of youth and vitality. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of Pentium pony are 3000mm, 1510mm and 1630mm respectively, which is 1953 mm.

　　In the interior part, the design style of Pentium pony is relatively simple, and it mainly adopts straight lines, which also helps to increase the vision inside the car. In terms of configuration, only one LCD instrument panel is provided, and there is no central control panel. Common functions are arranged in the center of the center console in the form of physical buttons, including gear control, window control, air conditioning control and so on. In terms of entertainment functions, there are only radio and USB music functions at present.

　　However, in terms of passive safety configuration, the official said that the Pentium pony comes standard with the main drive and the front and rear rows. In addition, in terms of color matching, Pony offers five fresh interiors, including Tiffany Green, Cherry Blossom Powder, Glazed Blue, Blue Sky and Time Gold. In order to be close to users’ preferences, Pentium Pony provides more than 100 kinds of personalized customization solutions, and the official personalized customization platform will be opened in the future, which is worth looking forward to.

　　In terms of power, the Pentium pony is equipped with a single motor, which is 20kW. In terms of battery life, the new car will be equipped with lithium iron phosphate batteries with three different capacities of 9.4kWh, 9.98kWh and 13.9kWh, and the pure battery life of CLTC will be available in 122km and 170km versions. It is worth mentioning that the new car only provides slow charging, and the charging port is located under the central cover of the front face.

(Photo/Text/Photo: Pacific Auto Pan Hongjun)

　　CCTV News:A few days ago, the Publicity and Education Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Beijing Environmental Protection Publicity Center jointly exposed the "Top Ten Smog Rumors of 2016". Let’s see which rumors once made you believe!

　　Rumor: Beijing smog in macro lens?

　　A video of Beijing smog shot with a 4000 lumen light macro lens is shocking. In the video, some small particles are floating around, which is really scary to watch. Many netizens have said that masks that have been suspected before must be worn this time, and some netizens commented that "this kind of air will kill people." The video has been forwarded by nearly ten thousand people.

　　truth Fog droplets and fine particles that form smog are invisible to the naked eye, so it is necessary to use microscope instruments. What the video sees is just dust.

　　Proverbs 2 Automobile exhaust is 10 times cleaner than air, and the contribution of motor vehicles to smog is not so great.

　　In a video from a car website, on a heavily polluted day, a person wearing a gas mask extended the air quality detector to the exhaust pipe of a car, and the reading of PM2.5 dropped from nearly 500 to 48. It is concluded that automobile exhaust is 10 times cleaner than the air in foggy days.

　　truth Most of the contribution of automobile exhaust to pm2.5 is indirectly generated. The exhaust contains substances such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are gases and will not be reflected in the air quality tester for measuring PM2.5.. However, these gases are both "raw materials" and "catalysts" for PM2.5 production. Among the local pollution sources in Beijing, the contribution of pollutants emitted by motor vehicles to PM2.5 is 31.1%, which accounts for 40% in non-heating season. Organic matters, nitrates, sulfates and ammonium salts generated by secondary conversion account for 70% of PM2.5.

　　Proverbs 3: A red warning was issued because of the presence of ammonium sulfate in the smog?

　　In mid-December 2016, Huanghuai and other places in North China suffered from a wide range of smog weather. Under the shadow of persistent smog, some rumors began to breed on the Internet. A message widely circulated on the Internet said, "Internally, this smog mainly contains ammonium sulfate, which was not the level of red warning, but it only reached this level because of the existence of ammonium sulfate. Remind the children not to go out. The purifier at home is turned on for a long time. Drink more water. It turned out that ammonium sulfate exceeded the standard in London, and many people died without protection. "

△ On December 16, 2016, Beijing launched a red warning of heavy pollution.

　　truth According to the "Emergency Plan for Heavy Air Pollution in Beijing", the red warning is to predict serious pollution for four consecutive days or more, of which two days will reach serious pollution; Or the single-day air quality index (AQI) reaches 500. Ammonium sulfate is not the standard for issuing a red warning.

　　The paper "From London Fog to China Haze: Persistent Sulfate Formation from London Fog to Chinese Haze" published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States in late November pointed out that in China, agricultural nitrogen fertilizer and industrial emissions produce a large amount of ammonia pollution, and alkaline ammonia promotes the reaction process of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, forming a large amount of ammonium sulfate, but also neutralizes the acidic environment, making China smog neutral in pH value.

　　Although the neutral pH of smog in China doesn’t mean that smog in China is harmless, it doesn’t have as strong acute toxicity as acidic fog in London. The acute toxicity of ammonium sulfate is not great, and the deadly culprit of London fog is high concentration of sulfur dioxide.

　　Rumor has it that the four wind power stations and shelterbelts block the smog caused by strong winds?

　　Some people think that a large number of wind power stations have been built in Inner Mongolia to steal the strong wind in Beijing, and the three-north shelterbelt attenuates the wind in the north, resulting in smog that cannot be blown away.

　　truth The wind can recover when it hits an obstacle, and local wind power generation or local shelter forest will not affect the downstream wind power far away. The fundamental reason for the formation of fog and haze is that the ground pollutants hit the static condition of the atmosphere. At present, no scientific research shows that there is a causal relationship between wind farms or shelterbelts and the formation of smog.

　　Proverbs five smog is because of "nuclear pollution".

　　It is said that large-scale uranium and coal resources have been found underground in Erdos, Inner Mongolia. Through burning, uranium in coal enters the air, which is the reason for the large-scale smog in China at present.

　　truth The main influencing factor of smog is meteorological conditions. Uranium itself is a very heavy element, which is not easy to be oxidized and will not become dust; Moreover, the power plant will carry out dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification on the emissions, even if they really exist, they should also be left in the combustion residue, and the amount entering the air is very small.

　　Rumor 6 "coal to gas" aggravates air pollution in Beijing?

　　An article entitled "Smoke emission from natural gas boilers is an important reason for aggravating the haze weather in Beijing" said that smoke emission from natural gas boilers is the main source of "rich water vapor" in Beijing and an "accomplice" to aggravate the haze air. The article says that the development of natural gas in Beijing is a double-edged sword, which has the clean energy side, the negative influence of water vapor emission and the pollution of nitrogen oxides.

　　truth Wang Zifa, a researcher at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that according to the current natural gas consumption in China, the gaseous water produced by burning natural gas is about 300 million tons every year. If all of it is converted into liquid water (in fact, it is impossible to convert all of it into liquid water), it will be spread evenly in the eastern part of the country where the population is concentrated (estimated area is about 3.6 million square kilometers), and the thickness of liquid water is less than 0.1 mm/year, accounting for only one hundred thousand of the precipitable water in the atmosphere, with little impact. Therefore, "changing coal to gas" will not significantly increase the humidity in Beijing’s atmosphere, and it is not the main source of "rich water vapor" in Beijing.

　　Professor Feng Yinchang of Nankai University said that no matter burning coal, gas or oil, nitrogen oxides will be emitted. Whether "changing coal to gas" will lead to the increase of nitrogen oxides mainly depends on the combustion mode and quality of coal before changing gas and the combustion technology adopted after changing gas. If low-nitrogen combustion technology is adopted, the emission of nitrogen oxides will be reduced. Denitrification started later than desulfurization in China, and the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the atmospheric environment has not decreased as significantly as that of sulfur dioxide in recent years. The increase of nitrogen oxide concentration may cause secondary pollution, but it is controllable. Moreover, the causes and mechanism of pollution are very complicated. It is not scientific to say that the pollution of particulate matter is still serious because the concentration of nitrogen oxides has not decreased significantly.

　　Proverbs 7: Beijing’s air quality is gradually deteriorating?

　　Some people think that the smog is frequent now, and the air quality in Beijing is not improving but deteriorating.

△ On December 30, 2016, Beijing was shrouded in smog.

　　truth According to the monitoring data of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, as of December 27, 2016, the average concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing in 2016 was 72 μ g/m3, down 10.0% year-on-year (down 8 μ g/m3) and down 20% compared with 2013 (down 18 μ g/m3). The assessment report "The Course of Air Pollution Control in Beijing: 1998-2013" issued by the United Nations Environment Programme in 2016 shows that from 1998 to 2013, the average annual concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) in Beijing decreased significantly by 78%, 24% and 43% respectively, and the air quality in Beijing has been improved in the past 15 years. In addition, the monitoring data of international organizations such as NASA in the United States also support the trend of continuous improvement of air quality in Beijing.

　　Proverbs 8 smog can only wait for the wind, and emergency measures for heavy pollution are useless.

　　There is a view that the smog in Beijing can only wait for the wind, and the measures that took so much effort to implement during the period of heavy pollution did not play a role in driving away the smog.

△ On December 23, 2016, Beijing ushered in the blue sky after smog.

　　truth The function of heavy pollution emergency is to reduce pollutant discharge and pollutant accumulation as much as possible through certain emergency emission reduction measures, so as to protect public health to the maximum extent. According to professional calculations, during the Red Police this year, PM2.5 was reduced by about 23% and other pollutants were reduced by about 30% on average compared with no measures. Haze is caused by pollutants discharged by human production and life exceeding the environmental capacity under certain meteorological conditions. Only by reducing the emission intensity of pollutants through corresponding control measures can the air pollution problem be fundamentally solved, which requires a long-term process.

　　Proverb 9 Beijing is seriously polluted by smog, and the air contains antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

　　On November 23, 2016, four scholars from the Research Center for Antibiotic Resistance of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden mentioned in their research that "the antibiotic resistance gene was detected from the smog in Beijing". Subsequently, some domestic WeChat WeChat official account published the title "Breathing Pain! Drug-resistant bacteria are found in smog in Beijing and other places, and more than 60 kinds of drug-resistant bacteria in smog in Beijing will lead to drug failure. On November 24, 2016, some media released a news titled "Drug-resistant bacteria were found in Beijing smog, and" the last antibiotic of mankind "could do nothing about it". The news was reprinted and commented by a large number of media and self-media on the 25th.

　　truth The Beijing Municipal Health Planning Commission responded that the drug resistance and pathogenicity of bacteria are completely different concepts, and the increase of drug resistance does not mean the enhancement of pathogenicity. Many experts at home and abroad said that bacterial drug resistance has nothing to do with smog, smog does not produce drug-resistant genes, and smog has no necessary causal relationship with drug-resistant bacteria. The acquisition of bacterial drug resistance is caused by evolutionary selection and induced selection of antibiotics, not by smog. The hazard factors in smog are mainly chemical pollutants, which have adverse health effects on respiratory system and cardiovascular system, and the health risks caused by microorganisms are very small.

　　Proverbs 10 smog blocks alveoli? The incidence of lung cancer in Beijing is much higher than that in the whole country, showing a younger trend, and air pollution is the culprit.

　　There is no doubt that smog affects health, but some opinions circulating on the Internet are varied: the incidence of lung cancer in Beijing is much higher than that in the whole country, showing a younger trend, and air pollution is the culprit? Can 80 PM2.5 particles block an alveolus? Will smog make fresh lungs turn black for six days? Smoking smog for a day may lead to hemiplegia? Can smog lead to infertility? Smog makes people lose their lives for five and a half years?

　　truth In response to these questions, Academician Zhong Nanshan once said that "many data about smog carcinogenesis are taken out of context, exaggerated or tampered with".

　　In fact, from 2003 to 2012, excluding the aging factor, the average annual growth rate of lung cancer in Beijing was 1.2%. In 2011, the age-standardized incidence rate of lung cancer in Beijing was 23.53/100,000, while the latest standardized incidence rate of lung cancer in China was 25.34/100,000. It can be seen that the incidence rate of lung cancer in Beijing was slightly lower than the national average. The median age of lung cancer in Beijing in 2011 was 71 years old, which increased by 2 years compared with the median age of 69 years in 2002. It can be seen that the incidence of lung cancer in Beijing is not younger. Others, such as "80 PM2.5 particles can block an alveoli?" Will smog make fresh lungs turn black for six days? Smoking smog for a day may lead to hemiplegia? Can smog lead to infertility? Smog makes people lose their lives for five and a half years? " Such rumors, without scientific basis, have been confirmed as rumors by relevant authorities.

　　Cctv newsBeijing Meteorological Observatory issued a blue warning signal for cold wave at 10: 10 on February 18, 2024.

　　Affected by cold air, it is expected that there will be cold wave weather in Beijing from the night of the 18th to the 20th, and the minimum temperature will drop by 8℃, and the minimum temperature in the plain will drop to around -5℃. From the evening of 18th to 19th, the gust can reach about 7, so please take precautions.

　　A few days ago, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) voted to completely ban illegal wildlife trade, get rid of the bad habit of eating wild animals, and effectively protect people’s lives, health and safety.

　　This decision is obviously closely related to the COVID-19 epidemic. So, what is the relationship between Covid-19 transmission and wildlife?

　　Let’s sort out the recent related scientific research results.

　　On February 24th, a piece of news caught people’s attention. The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) voted to pass a decision on completely banning illegal wildlife trade, getting rid of the bad habit of eating wild animals, and effectively protecting people’s lives, health and safety. A system of completely prohibiting the consumption of wild animals has been established. In violation of the existing laws and regulations, the punishment should be aggravated on the basis of the existing laws.

　　At present, under the situation that the whole country is playing chess and fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic, this decision is obviously closely related to the COVID-19 epidemic.

　　Bats may be the source of Covid-19.

　　Humans are no strangers to infectious diseases caused by coronavirus. The SARS coronavirus, which was prevalent in winter of 2002 to 2003, was confirmed to have originated from the natural host bat, passed through the intermediate host civet cats and then passed on to humans. MERS coronavirus discovered in 2012, namely Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, was also considered to have originated from natural host bats and spread to humans through intermediate host camels.

　　Since the winter of 2019, novel coronavirus, whose infection scale far exceeds that of SARS and MERS, has been transmitted to human beings through what channels?

　　Because of the lessons of SARS and MERS, scientists naturally set their sights on bats first.

　　Shi Zhengli’s team from Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences published a paper in the form of preprint on bioRxiv website on January 23rd, and this paper was published online by the top academic journal Nature on February 3rd. In this paper, the research team compared the novel coronavirus genome extracted from patients with severe pneumonia with the coronavirus gene sequence carried by a bat in the early laboratory, and found that the whole genome sequence of RaTG13 coronavirus in this bat was as consistent as 96.2% with novel coronavirus infected by human.

　　This means that the natural host of Wuhan novel coronavirus is probably a bat!

　　RaTG13, a virus closely related to bats, is the ancestral virus of novel coronavirus, which is derived from a coronavirus of China Jutoubat, which was discovered by Shi Zhengli’s team when sampling in Yunnan.

　　Moreover, novel coronavirus’s infection with humans needs to go through the pathway of ACE2 receptor. The similarity between the ACE2 receptor of China Jutous Bat and the human ACE2 receptor is consistent with the potential intermediate host other than other non-human primates. This shows that novel coronavirus, from bat virus to human infection, may not need an intermediate host, but can directly infect humans from bats.

　　In China, the hibernation period of bats is from December to late February. At first, people thought that the virus began to spread at the end of December last year, so the possibility of direct transmission from bats to people was ruled out. However, with more and more retrospective case studies, people found that novel coronavirus had been passed on to people as early as last November. Then, it is possible to pass it directly from bats to people.

　　For example, in a paper published on the website of ChinaXiv on February 21st, researchers from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden of China Academy of Sciences, South China Agricultural University and Beijing Brain Center excavated the source and transmission path of Covid-19 from genome data. The researchers collected 93 genome data of novel coronavirus from 12 countries in 4 continents. According to the genome calculation, Covid-19 has undergone two large-scale expansions, one of which was on December 8, 2019.

　　It is inferred that the virus began to spread from person to person at least in early December 2019 or even in late November. Obviously, the virus should be transmitted from animals to people before human transmission. In other words, Covid-19 will be transmitted from animal hosts to humans no later than November 2019.

　　Pangolin may be the intermediate host of Covid-19.

　　At present, the academic circles still accept the conclusion that Covid-19 originated from bats and bats are its natural hosts, but there is no conclusion as to whether Covid-19 directly passed from bats to humans.

　　Many of the early cases of Covid-19 were related to the South China Seafood Market in Wuhan, Hubei Province, where there were a lot of wildlife transactions. China Center for Disease Control and Prevention also reported that Covid-19 was detected in environmental samples obtained from this market. More than 10 years ago, a similar wildlife market has been proved to be related to the SARS outbreak in 2002-2003, so wild animals probably participated in the spread of Covid-19.

　　At present, many scientists are looking for intermediate hosts in Covid-19, among which pangolin is the most likely candidate animal for intermediate hosts in Covid-19.

　　Among the papers speculating that pangolin is an intermediate host, two papers are most worthy of attention at present.

　　On February 18th, Professor Guan Yi from the School of Medicine of Hong Kong University and Hu Yanling from Guangxi Medical University published a paper on bioRxiv, a pre-printed website of medical papers, saying that genome sequencing showed that coronavirus was found in Malay pangolins smuggled from Southeast Asia intercepted in Guangdong and Guangxi, and the similarity with Covid-19 was between 85.5% and 92.4%. The paper holds that the coronavirus pedigrees found in pangolin are very similar to those in Covid-19, and pangolin should be regarded as a possible intermediate host in Covid-19, and it should be forbidden to be sold in fresh markets to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases.

　　It was South China Agricultural University that first proposed that Malayan pangolin was an intermediate host. On February 7th, South China Agricultural University announced this research result: Pangolin is a potential intermediate host in novel coronavirus. Researchers from South China Agricultural University, such as Shen Yongyi and Xiao Lihua, joined hands with Yang Ruifu, a researcher from the Academy of Military Medicine, and Chen Wu, a senior veterinarian from the Scientific Research Department of Guangzhou Zoo to tackle the problem. By analyzing the virus genome, they found that the virus strain isolated from pangolin was 99% similar to the virus strain currently infecting people, and the receptor binding domains of the two viruses were similar.

　　In the preprint of the paper published later, they claimed that pangolin coronavirus was highly related to Covid-19. In particular, the receptor binding domain of pangolin coronavirus S protein is almost the same as that of novel coronavirus in 2019, with only one amino acid difference.

　　The paper also puts forward important serological evidence, that is, the coronavirus antibody in pangolin’s peripheral blood can bind to Covid-19. Moreover, pangolin infected by virus shows pathological changes and clinical symptoms similar to those of human beings.

　　In this paper, the author also boldly infers that the comparison of existing genomes shows that novel coronavirus in 2019 may have originated from the recombination of pangolin coronavirus and bat coronavirus RaTG13.

　　The paper also said that if the wildlife trade is not effectively controlled, the newly discovered coronavirus may pose a continuous threat to public health.

　　Wild animals are virus reservoirs.

　　What changes did novel coronavirus go through before it was brought into Wuhan and broke out in the crowd?

　　According to the evidence that scientists are looking for now, it may have originated from bats and spread directly to humans; It may also originate from the recombination of bat coronavirus and pangolin coronavirus, and then spread to humans through pangolin.

　　But to be sure, this is not the first or the last virus transmitted from animals to humans. In just 20 years of this century, there have been three kinds of new coronavirus epidemics: SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus.

　　In fact, it is not only the SARS virus and Covid-19 that have caused great losses to our country that are closely related to wildlife. Wild animals are the natural hosts of many serious emerging diseases. Statistics show that at present, 70% of new infectious diseases come from wild animals.

　　For example, natural reservoir, a bat that attracts much attention, has more than 100 kinds of viruses. They can carry many deadly viruses that are very dangerous to people, such as Ebola virus, Marburg virus, SARS virus, MERS coronavirus, Hendra virus and Nipah virus, but they don’t get sick themselves. This may be related to bat’s unique "all-weather" immune system.

　　"We all live on the virus planet, and wild animals are the reservoirs of these viruses." Nathan Wolf, Ph.D. in immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard University, once said this in "The Virus Attacks: How to Deal with the Outbreak of the Next Epidemic".

　　In our country, people have the backward concept of "eat what you eat to make up for what you eat", and there is also the mentality of eating novelty. All kinds of game are served on the table, and all kinds of wildlife trade are repeatedly banned. These invisible dangerous viruses will mutate in various trading links of wild animals and break through the species barrier — — From animal infectious diseases to human infectious diseases. With the increase of population density, the continuous progress of urbanization and the continuous improvement of the convenience of the national transportation network, once the relevant epidemic situation occurs, it will easily turn into a huge disaster and cause huge losses.

　　Although the relevant law enforcement agencies in China have made a series of achievements in prohibiting illegal hunting, breeding, transportation, trading and smuggling of wild animals, due to the lack of ideas and weak market supervision, there are still chaos such as openly selling wild animals and their products, and illegal hunting, transportation and trading of wild animals for the purpose of eating. However, the current Criminal Law and the Wildlife Protection Law lack or are insufficient in provisions on the consumption of wild animals, and the scope and intensity of sanctions are very limited.

　　We expect that, after the passage of the relevant bills banning the consumption of wild animals in an all-round way and severely cracking down on illegal wildlife trading, we will strengthen law enforcement in order to safeguard public health safety and ecological safety legally and in compliance, and prevent the recurrence of epidemics such as SARS and novel coronavirus.

　　Respecting nature, adapting to nature and protecting nature, and making "protecting wild animals and guarding against cross-species transmission of viruses" become the idea of each of us, which is the lesson we should learn from this novel coronavirus epidemic.

　　Beijing, August 29 (Xinhua) The Ministry of Commerce held a regular press conference today, and the spokesman Gao Feng responded to a number of hot issues in Sino-US economic and trade consultations. Gao Feng confirmed that the economic and trade teams of China and the United States have always maintained effective communication. In response to the US proposal to impose tariffs on US$ 550 billion of China’s goods exported to the United States and then raise the tax rate, Gao Feng said that China has sufficient countermeasures, but the trade war should be prevented from escalating under the current situation.

　　Profile photo: Gao Feng, spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce. Xia Bin

　　China resolutely opposes the escalation of Sino-US trade war.

　　A reporter asked that US President Trump said a few days ago that China is very welcome to reach a trade agreement and calmly handle differences. How do you comment on this?

　　Gao Feng said that China has made clear its attitude, resolutely opposed the escalation of the trade war, and is willing to solve the problem through consultation and cooperation in a calm manner. "The escalation of the trade war is not conducive to China, not conducive to the United States, and not conducive to the interests of people all over the world."

　　The economic and trade teams of China and the United States have indeed maintained effective communication.

　　Recently, it was said that China called American economic and trade negotiators to negotiate or reach an agreement. In this regard, Gao Feng, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce, said that the economic and trade teams of the two sides have indeed maintained effective communication. There is no more information about the details at present.

　　Gao Feng said that there are many rumors at present, and the Ministry of Commerce will clarify the facts and let everyone know the truth in the economic and trade field.

　　China has sufficient countermeasures, but it should prevent the trade war from escalating.

　　A reporter asked whether China intends to take corresponding countermeasures against the US proposal to impose tariffs on US$ 550 billion of goods exported from China and then raise the tax rate.

　　Gao Feng said that China’s countermeasures are sufficient. However, in the current situation, China believes that the issue that should be discussed is to cancel further tariffs on 550 billion US dollars of China goods to prevent the trade war from escalating.

　　Gao Feng stressed that "the escalation of the trade war is not conducive to China, the United States, and the interests of people all over the world, and may even bring disastrous consequences to the world."

　　China has the ability to ensure the good momentum of the fundamentals of economic development.

　　In response to the question "Will the escalating trade war have a serious impact on China’s economy", Gao Feng said that China’s economy is changing from high-speed growth to high-quality development, and the trend of transforming old and new kinetic energy is constantly strengthening. China has a dynamic micro-foundation, a huge room for maneuver and sufficient macro-policy tools, and is fully confident and capable of ensuring a good momentum of economic development fundamentals.

　　Responding to the question "China Economic and Trade Delegation to the United States for Consultation in September"

　　In response to the question "About China’s economic and trade delegation going to the United States for consultation in September", Gao Feng said that the economic and trade teams of China and the United States have maintained effective communication and are discussing the issue of China’s economic and trade delegation going to the United States for consultation in September. At present, the most important thing is to create the necessary conditions for the two sides to continue consultations. If there is any further information, the Ministry of Commerce will release it in time.

　　American manufacturing enterprises move out of China? Ministry of Commerce responded

　　Some media asked, US President Trump recently asked American companies to move manufacturing from Beijing back to China or to other places. What is the response of the Ministry of Commerce?

　　In this regard, Gao Feng pointed out that China and the United States are important trading partners and sources of investment, and the interests of both sides are deeply integrated, which has formed a pattern of "you have me and I have you". The economic ties between China and the United States cannot be cut off by anyone who wants to. If someone tries to decouple the two countries’ economies by force, the result will inevitably harm others and themselves, which will not only seriously harm the interests of American enterprises and people, but also threaten the security of global industrial chain supply chain, international trade and the world economy.

　　Gao Feng said that people from all walks of life in the United States have expressed their opposition to the above remarks. The essence of Sino-US economic and trade relations is mutual benefit and win-win. The two sides are not rivals of zero-sum game, but should be mutually beneficial partners. China welcomes enterprises from all over the world, including the United States, to invest and operate in China and will continue to create a good business environment.

　　Will soybeans become the main tool to counter the United States?

　　A reporter asked, last Friday, China listed soybeans as one of the targets of imposing tariffs on the United States and Canada. Will soybeans and other agricultural products continue to be the main tools for China to counter the United States? Will you worry about the impact on China’s soybean industry? Last Friday, China announced that it would resume imposing tariffs on cars and parts produced in the United States. European car companies produced in the United States, such as Mercedes-Benz, may be affected. Will China consider providing tariff exemptions for these European car companies, such as Germany, which are produced in the United States?

　　In this regard, Gao Feng said that last Friday, China listed some goods imported from the United States as the target of tariff increase again, which was a necessary counter-measure that China had to take. It is hoped that the United States will cancel the new tariff increase measures and avoid further escalation of the trade war. The issue of tariff exclusion will be arranged by the State Council Customs Tariff Commission in a unified way. If there is any further information, it will be released in time.

　　It will be American companies that will eventually be damaged by suppressing China enterprises.

　　Some media have asked questions. Recently, the US Department of Commerce has received more than 130 applications for licenses to sell products to Huawei, but the Trump administration has not issued any licenses. What is the comment of the China Department of Commerce?

　　Gao Feng said that China has noticed relevant reports, which shows that in many fields, Chinese and American enterprises have formed an interdependent relationship in the industrial chain. If China enterprises are suppressed, American enterprises will eventually suffer. It is hoped that the United States will, based on the interests of its own enterprises and the safety of the global industrial chain and supply chain, cancel the suppression and sanctions against China enterprises such as Huawei as soon as possible.

　　The trade war should be prevented from escalating under the current situation.

　　Reporter’s question, the spokesman, you just answered the question about Trump’s new tariffs on China’s 550 billion products. You said that China has sufficient tools to counter them, but now China feels that the more important issue is to discuss the cancellation of these tariffs. Does this mean that China will not counter Trump’s new tariffs? Why change this strategy now, because China will take countermeasures against all new tariffs imposed by the United States before?

　　Gao Feng pointed out that I have responded very clearly just now, and China’s countermeasures are sufficient. However, in the current situation, China believes that the issue that should be discussed is to cancel further tariffs on 550 billion US dollars of China goods to prevent the trade war from escalating. At present, China is making solemn representations with the US.

　　The Sino-US trade war has reached the point where it has to be fought? Ministry of Commerce responded

　　A reporter asked, recently, the United States has been escalating its economic and trade frictions with China. Has the Sino-US trade war reached the point where it has to be fought?

　　In this regard, Gao Feng said that China resolutely opposes the escalation of the trade war. Starting from the overall situation of China and the United States and the whole world, China is willing to solve the problem through consultation and cooperation with a calm attitude. It is hoped that the United States and China will move in the opposite direction and promote the proper settlement of Sino-US economic and trade issues on the basis of equality and mutual respect.

Order of Beijing Municipal People’s Government

No.307

　　The Measures for the Administration of Earthquake Early Warning in Beijing have been adopted at the 185th executive meeting of the Municipal People’s Government on December 6, 2022, and are hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of March 1, 2023.

Acting Mayor Yin Yong　　　　

December 19, 2022　　

Administrative Measures of Beijing Municipality on Earthquake Early Warning

catalogue

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Planning and Construction of Earthquake Early Warning System

　　Chapter III Release of Earthquake Early Warning Information and Emergency Disposal

　　Chapter IV Regional Cooperation

　　Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

　　the first In order to standardize earthquake early warning activities, effectively play the role of earthquake early warning, defend and mitigate earthquake disasters, serve to safeguard the functions of the capital, and protect the safety of people’s lives and property, these measures are formulated in accordance with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Response Law, the Regulations on Earthquake Monitoring and Management, and the Provisions on the Implementation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law in Beijing, combined with the actual situation of this Municipality.

　　the second These Measures shall apply to the planning and construction of earthquake early warning system, the release of earthquake early warning information, emergency response and other activities within the administrative area of this Municipality and their supervision and management.

　　The term "earthquake early warning" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the act of automatically and quickly generating early warning information through the earthquake early warning system after the earthquake, and using the characteristics that the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves is greater than that of seismic waves to give an early warning to areas that may be damaged and affected by the earthquake.

　　Article The earthquake early warning work follows the principles of government leading, regional cooperation, departmental linkage and social participation, and implements the working mechanism of unified planning, unified management and unified release under the guidance of the competent department of earthquake work of the people’s government at the next higher level.

　　Article 4 The municipal and district people’s governments strengthen the management and guarantee of earthquake early warning, coordinate and solve major problems of earthquake early warning, and incorporate the funds needed for earthquake early warning into the fiscal budget at the corresponding level.

　　The municipal earthquake department shall co-ordinate the city’s earthquake early warning work, and be responsible for the planning, construction, supervision and management of earthquake early warning system.

　　The competent department of earthquake work in the district is responsible for the supervision and management of earthquake early warning within its administrative area, and assists the municipal earthquake department in promoting the construction of earthquake early warning system.

　　Development and reform, education, science and technology, public security, planning of natural resources, urban and rural housing construction, urban management, transportation, water, culture and tourism, health, emergency management, radio and television, communication management and other relevant departments shall, according to their respective responsibilities, do a good job in earthquake early warning.

　　Article 5 This Municipality encourages and supports social forces to participate in the construction and use of earthquake early warning system according to law, as well as scientific and technological innovation, product development and application of achievements related to earthquake early warning.

Chapter II Planning and Construction of Earthquake Early Warning System

　　Article 6 The municipal earthquake department shall, according to the national earthquake early warning system construction plan, organize the preparation of the city’s earthquake early warning system construction plan, and incorporate it into the city’s earthquake prevention and disaster reduction plan.

　　The planning for the construction of this Municipality’s earthquake early warning system should be combined with the characteristics of this Municipality’s earthquake risk and the demand for earthquake risk prevention, so as to improve the earthquake disaster prevention capability of key earthquake risk areas, important security areas, key protected buildings, earthquake risk-prone places and projects that may cause serious secondary disasters.

　　Article 7 The municipal earthquake department is responsible for organizing the construction of a unified earthquake early warning system in the city according to the plan, including monitoring system, data transmission system, data processing system and information release system. The competent department of seismic work in the district shall assist in relevant work.

　　The design, construction and instrument access of earthquake early warning system shall conform to relevant standards and technical requirements.

　　To build an earthquake early warning system, existing resources should be fully utilized and integrated to avoid repeated construction.

　　Article 8 Major construction projects such as high-speed railways, urban rail transit, electric power control centers, oil and gas pipelines (stations), petrochemicals, communications, coal mines, large reservoirs, and other projects that may cause serious secondary disasters can build special earthquake early warning and monitoring systems according to needs and report them to the municipal earthquake department for the record. Those that meet the relevant technical requirements can be incorporated into the unified earthquake early warning system of the whole city to realize information sharing.

　　Article 9 Schools, hospitals, railway stations, airports, stadiums and other public places, public transport and other crowded places, as well as high-speed railways, urban rail transit, nuclear facilities projects, large reservoirs, large and medium-sized dangerous goods production and storage facilities and other projects that may cause serious secondary disasters, their business units or management units shall install special earthquake early warning information receiving and broadcasting devices, and formulate emergency response plans for earthquake early warning. The municipal earthquake department and the competent department of seismic work in the district shall give guidance, strengthen supervision and inspection, and promptly correct the problems found.

　　Encourage other units and places to install special earthquake warning information receiving and broadcasting devices.

　　Article 10 The operation and maintenance of the earthquake early warning system in this Municipality shall follow the principle of who builds and who is responsible.

　　The municipal earthquake department and the competent department of earthquake work in the district shall strengthen the protection of the facilities of earthquake early warning system and the environment for earthquake observation. If any damage or damage is found, it shall promptly organize the repair.

　　Units that build special earthquake early warning and monitoring systems and install special information receiving and broadcasting devices shall strengthen daily maintenance and management to ensure normal use.

　　No unit or individual may occupy, damage or dismantle or move the facilities of earthquake early warning system without authorization.

Chapter III Release of Earthquake Early Warning Information and Emergency Disposal

　　Article 11 The municipal earthquake department automatically and uniformly issues earthquake early warning information to all kinds of receiving devices in the area where the estimated earthquake intensity reaches the release conditions through the earthquake early warning information release system.

　　Any other unit or individual shall not release earthquake warning information without authorization, and shall not fabricate and disseminate false earthquake warning information.

　　Article 12 Earthquake early warning information should include earthquake occurrence time, earthquake epicenter, magnitude, arrival time of seismic waves, estimated earthquake intensity and so on.

　　Article 13 Radio, television, Internet and other media and communication operators shall establish an automatic broadcasting mechanism to automatically broadcast earthquake warning information to the public free of charge after receiving the warning information. Municipal earthquake and other relevant departments shall guide them to establish and improve the automatic broadcasting mechanism of earthquake early warning information.

　　Article 14 After receiving the earthquake early warning information, the municipal and district people’s governments and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the earthquake emergency plan, do a good job in earthquake emergency response in time according to law.

　　In crowded places and projects that may cause serious secondary disasters, after receiving the earthquake early warning information, the business unit or management unit shall immediately take corresponding risk-avoidance measures in accordance with the formulated earthquake early warning emergency response plan.

　　Article 15 Organs, organizations, enterprises, institutions and other units should carry out publicity and education on earthquake early warning knowledge and necessary emergency drills in light of their respective realities.

　　Radio, television, newspapers, the Internet and other media should carry out public welfare publicity activities on earthquake early warning knowledge.

　　The municipal earthquake department and the competent department of district earthquake work shall publicize and popularize the knowledge of earthquake early warning to the public, and guide, assist and urge the relevant units to do a good job in the publicity and education of earthquake early warning knowledge and earthquake emergency drills.

Chapter IV Regional Cooperation

　　Article 16 Under the national earthquake early warning mechanism, this Municipality has established a cooperative earthquake early warning mechanism with Tianjin and Hebei Province, and strengthened exchanges and cooperation in earthquake early warning.

　　Article 17 The city and Tianjin, Hebei Province unified earthquake early warning information sources and earthquake early warning information release threshold, release content.

　　Article 18 The municipal seismological department and the competent departments of earthquake work in Tianjin and Hebei jointly promote the construction of a regional earthquake monitoring and early warning platform, establish an earthquake early warning data and information sharing mechanism, realize mutual backup and mutual service of earthquake early warning information, and enhance the regional earthquake early warning capability.

　　Article 19 The municipal seismological department and the competent departments of earthquake work in Tianjin and Hebei jointly promote the popularization and application of new earthquake early warning technologies in the region, and promote the construction of a regional earthquake early warning scientific and technological innovation platform integrating scientific research experiments, achievements transformation, scientific and technological exchanges and integrated demonstrations.

Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Article 20 In violation of the provisions of the fourth paragraph of Article 10 of these measures, units or individuals that occupy, damage or dismantle or move the facilities of earthquake early warning system without authorization shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation.

　　Article 21 In violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of article eleventh of these measures, fabricating and disseminating false earthquake warning information or releasing earthquake warning information to the society without authorization, the municipal earthquake department shall order it to make corrections; If it constitutes a violation of public security administration, it shall be dealt with by the public security organ according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 22 These Measures shall come into force as of March 1, 2023.

All national societies, associations and research societies, associations and youth league committees of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, associations and youth league committees of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, national civil aviation youth league committees, national railway youth league committees, youth league committees of central and state organs, central financial youth league committees, central enterprise youth league committees, taxation youth league committees, universities, enterprise youth league committees and all relevant units:

In order to thoroughly study and implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the Central Talent Work Conference, and fully show the spirit of young talents who are determined to be innovative, confident and brave in climbing the peak of science and technology in the great journey of achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, the second China Science and Technology Youth Forum (hereinafter referred to as the "Forum") is scheduled to be launched in the first half of 2024, as an important special activity of the annual meeting of the China Association for Science and Technology. Relevant matters are hereby notified as follows.

I. Guiding ideology

Thoroughly implement the strategy of strengthening the country with talents in the new era, and implement the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress that "the vast number of young people should unswervingly listen to the Party’s words and follow the Party, embrace their dreams and be down-to-earth, dare to think and do good deeds, and be determined to be good young people in the new era with ideals, courage to take responsibility, hardship and willingness to struggle". Implement the important guiding spirit of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary that "young talents are the source of the country’s strategic talent strength", "support young talents to take the lead and play the leading role" and "actively participate in Chinese modernization, strive to be the vanguard and new force in scientific and technological innovation, rural revitalization, green development, social services, defending the country and defending the border, and show the vigor and vitality of youth", and persist in cultivating talents and making suggestions for the party. Build a platform for young talents to exchange views, collide with ideas and share experiences, help young talents to show their elegance and stand out, guide young talents to be "the country’s greatest", and contribute wisdom and strength to promoting the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.

Second, the theme of the forum

Self-reliance and self-improvement, creating a vision of the future, and striving for a strong country in science and technology.

III. Organizer

(1) Organizer

China Association for Science and Technology organizes the Ministry of Personnel, the Communist Youth League Central United Front Work Department.

(2) Organizer

China Association for Science and Technology Training and Talent Service Center China Youth Science and Technology Workers Association

Iv. participants

Scientific and technological talents in all fields and industries who are 40 years old and under (born on or after January 1, 1983), cadres in the system of the Association for Science and Technology, the Communist Youth League organization and the China Young Scientists and Technicians Association.

V. Contents of the Forum

Based on their own fields and industries, participants talked about their actual scientific research experiences, innovative practices, ideological insights or major achievements, struggle stories and touching stories of scientific and technological talents witnessed by them, focusing on the key, difficult and painful issues in scientific and technological innovation. This paper expounds from the aspects of enhancing original innovation ability, improving the overall efficiency of innovation system, strengthening the integration of scientific and technological innovation resources, improving the layout of scientific and technological innovation forces, enhancing the efficiency of scientific and technological input and output, optimizing the scientific and technological talent team, promoting the reform of scientific and technological evaluation system, strengthening international scientific and technological exchanges, optimizing the scientific and technological ecological environment, and strengthening the ethical governance of science and technology, and looks forward to the future development vision of scientific and technological undertakings, so as to deeply implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents, and driving the development strategy of innovation for the country, and promote the realization of high-

VI. Overall arrangement

As an important special activity of the annual meeting of China Association for Science and Technology, the forum is divided into the stages of work collection, special forum, general forum performance and application of achievements. Participants participate in the forum by submitting policy papers and giving live speeches. The specific arrangements are as follows:

(1) Collection of works

The forum collects works through organizing recommendation channels and social open channels. Various departments and directly affiliated units of China Association for Science and Technology, central departments and directly affiliated units of the Communist Youth League, national societies, provincial associations for science and technology, youth league committees at all levels, China Young Science and Technology Workers Association and provincial youth science and technology workers associations, relevant universities, enterprise associations for science and technology, youth league committees and other relevant units recommended channels for the organization of this forum. At the same time, social open channels are set up, and interested young scientific and technological talents can sign up for participation through social open channels.

The works of strategy papers are mainly about strategy, not general academic papers, which can list the frontier trends of science and technology, vivid cases at home and abroad, vivid stories of scientific research and so on. The article should take solving problems as the main purpose, and adhere to problem-oriented, goal-oriented and effect-oriented, generally not exceeding 3000 words. In the process of writing articles, participants can ask experts and leaders of their teams and units for guidance.

(2) Thematic forums

The forum organized experts’ countermeasure papers for primary selection, and selected about 300 excellent articles to enter the special forum. There are four special forums with the themes of "the frontier of world science and technology", "the main battlefield of economy", "the major needs of the country" and "people’s life and health". Young scientific and technological talents who entered the special forum showed their views and made suggestions by means of live speeches, and selected outstanding works of various grades from them, and selected a group of outstanding talents to participate in the performance of the general forum.

(III) General Forum Performance

The performance of the General Forum will be held during the annual meeting of China Association for Science and Technology. Outstanding young talents who stood out from the special forum gave live speeches at the general forum. Relevant academicians and experts, leading talents in science and technology, responsible comrades of relevant ministries and commissions, central enterprises, colleges and universities, and responsible comrades of forum organizers and organizations recommending channels, etc. Through the combination of expert comments and on-site voting, we will produce the best popular star, the best elegant star, the best strategy star, and the new star of science and technology, and give priority publicity. Considering the quantity and quality of the works recommended by the recommendation channels, the units with good organizational results and excellent recommended works shall be commended in an appropriate form.

(D) the use of results

The forum will give full play to the advantages of platform resources and reflect the important theoretical viewpoints and key opinions and suggestions of young scientific and technological talents through the decision-making consultation channels of the Association for Science and Technology; Select a group of outstanding talents to enter the expert team of "Youth Think Tank" of China Association for Science and Technology and the contact database of scientific and technological talents of China Association for Science and Technology, and participate in the construction of think tanks and the national training activities of young scientific and technological talents in the "Pilot Program" of the Party School of China Association for Science and Technology through multiple channels, and recommend them to the authoritative mainstream media to record special programs; According to the actual situation, outstanding talents are recommended to participate in the National Innovation Rushing Award, China Youth Science and Technology Award, China Young Female Scientist Award, China Association for Science and Technology Young Talent Support Project, National Youth Post Expert, Zhong Nanshan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Award and other commendation awards and talent project selection, and outstanding candidates are given priority to be admitted to the Youth Federation at the corresponding level; The excellent strategic papers of the forum will be assembled and published, and recommended to the corresponding scientific journals for publication according to the academic level of the articles.

VII. Job Requirements

First, improve political stance and organize mobilization extensively. All relevant units should take the China Science and Technology Youth Forum as an important measure to implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the spirit of the Central Talent Work Conference, conscientiously do a good job in the publicity and organization of the forum, fully mobilize universities, research institutes, science and technology enterprises, science and technology parks and other units and organizations with intensive young scientific and technological talents, fully mobilize the members of the Youth Science and Technology Association at all levels to organize the "Light of Science and Technology" youth propaganda group to participate in it, and encourage and support outstanding young talents to participate.

The second is to strengthen unity service and improve work skills. All relevant units should regard the China Science and Technology Youth Forum as an important platform for uniting, leading, contacting and serving young scientific and technological talents, and through the forum, form a close cooperation mechanism among all levels of science and technology associations, the Youth League Committee and the Youth Science and Technology Association, closely contact a group of young scientific and technological talents, and enhance the ability and level of talent work.

VIII. Important matters

1. Organize and recommend channel participation methods. Young scientific and technological talents who participate in this forum through the organization recommendation channel should fill in their personal information and organization invitation code through the theme website of China Science and Technology Youth Forum (website: http://qnlt.scimall.org.cn/) before April 30, 2024, upload their strategic papers, submit them to the recommendation organization, and the registration will be successful after passing the examination. The organization invitation code is uniformly set by the organizer for each recommendation channel. Each recommendation channel can contact the superior unit to obtain the organization invitation code, and inform them when inviting outstanding young scientific and technological talents to participate in this forum.

2. Social open channels to participate. Young scientific and technological talents who participate in this forum through social open channels should fill in their personal information and unified invitation code (37B186) through the theme website of China Science and Technology Youth Forum (website: http://qnlt.scimall.org.cn/) before April 30, 2024, and upload their strategic papers. After approval, the registration will be successful.

3. Organize the recommended quantity. Please recommend about 10 policy papers by the National Society, 20 by the Provincial Association for Science and Technology, 10 by the Provincial Youth League Committee, 10 by the Provincial Association of Young Science and Technology Workers, 10 by the relevant universities and enterprises, 5 by the government departments and directly affiliated units of China Association for Science and Technology, and 5 by the central departments and directly affiliated units of the Communist Youth League. Other units recommend the best according to the actual situation.

Policy consultation

Associated person:

China Association for Science and Technology organizes personnel department.

Zhang Haiyan Tang Ye Zhao Yaqin

Tel: 010-62165297 010-62165289 010-68530471?

United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League (Secretariat of China Youth Science and Technology Workers Association)

Wei Meng Wang Han?

Tel: 010-85212680?

Registration support

Associated person: Zhang Yi??????

Tel: 010-62165297????????

Attachment: 1. Application Form for the 2nd China Science and Technology Youth Forum. doc

2. The second China Science and Technology Youth Forum policy paper requirements. doc

China Association for Science and Technology General Office Communist Youth League Central Office

March 20, 2024? ? ? ? ? ? ??

　　CCTV News:In 2021, the national health and wellness system will conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, coordinate epidemic prevention and control, health and wellness, and continuously promote the high-quality development of health and wellness. The average life expectancy of residents will increase from 77.93 years in 2020 to 78.2 years in 2021, the maternal mortality rate will drop from 16.9/100,000 to 16.1/100,000, and the infant mortality rate will drop from 5.4‰ Down to 5.0‰ .

　　I. Health resources

　　(1) The total number of medical and health institutions. By the end of 2021, there were 1,030,935 medical and health institutions nationwide, an increase of 8,013 over the previous year. Among them, there are 36,570 hospitals, 977,790 primary medical and health institutions and 13,276 professional public health institutions. Compared with the previous year, there were 1,176 hospitals and 7,754 primary medical and health institutions. There are 10 categories of national medical centers and national regional medical centers for children in China.

　　Among hospitals, there are 11,804 public hospitals and 24,766 private hospitals. Hospitals are classified into 3,275 tertiary hospitals (including 1,651 tertiary hospitals), 10,848 secondary hospitals, 12,649 primary hospitals and 9,798 unrated hospitals.

　　According to the number of beds, there are 21,909 hospitals with less than 100 beds, 5,412 hospitals with 100-199 beds, 5,017 hospitals with 200-499 beds, 2,068 hospitals with 500-799 beds and 2,164 hospitals with 800 beds or more.

　　Among the primary medical and health institutions, there are 36,160 community health service centers (stations) (including 10,122 community health service centers and 26,038 community health service stations), 34,943 township hospitals, 271,056 clinics and clinics, and 599,292 village clinics.

　　Among professional public health institutions, there are 3,376 centers for disease prevention and control, including 31 at the provincial level, 410 at the prefecture (city) level and 2,755 at the county (district, county-level city) level. There are 3010 health supervision institutions, including 25 at the provincial level, 315 at the prefecture (city) level and 2487 at the county (district, county-level city) level. There are 3032 maternal and child health care institutions, including 26 at the provincial level, 377 at the prefecture (city) level and 2554 at the county (district, county-level city) level.

　　(2) Number of beds. By the end of 2021, there were 9.448 million beds in medical and health institutions nationwide, including 7.413 million beds in hospitals (accounting for 78.5%), 1.712 million beds in primary medical and health institutions (accounting for 18.1%) and 302,000 beds in professional public health institutions (accounting for 3.2%). In hospitals, public hospital beds account for 70.2% and private hospital beds account for 29.8%. Compared with the previous year, the number of beds increased by 348,000, including 281,000 in hospitals (116,000 in public hospitals and 166,000 in private hospitals), 63,000 in primary medical and health institutions and 6,000 in professional public health institutions. The number of beds in medical and health institutions per thousand population will increase from 6.46 in 2020 to 6.70 in 2021.

　　(3) Total number of health personnel. By the end of 2021, the total number of health workers in China was 13.983 million, an increase of 508,000 (3.8%) over the previous year.

　　At the end of 2021, among the total number of health workers, there were 11.242 million health technicians. Among the health technicians, there are 4.287 million licensed (assistant) doctors and 5.018 million registered nurses. Compared with the previous year, the number of health technicians increased by 564,000 (up by 5.3%).

　　By the end of 2021, there were 8.478 million people in hospitals (accounting for 60.6%), 4.432 million people in primary medical and health institutions (accounting for 31.7%) and 958,000 people in professional public health institutions (accounting for 6.9%).

　　In 2021, there were 3.04 licensed (assistant) doctors and 3.56 registered nurses per thousand population; The number of general practitioners per 10,000 population is 3.08, and the number of professional public health institutions per 10,000 population is 6.79.

　　(4) Total health expenditure. In 2021, the total national health expenditure is estimated to be 7,559.36 billion yuan, of which: government health expenditure is 2,071.85 billion yuan, accounting for 27.4%; Social health expenditure was 3,392.03 billion yuan, accounting for 44.9%; Personal health expenditure was 2,095.48 billion yuan, accounting for 27.7%. The per capita total health expenditure is 5348.1 yuan, and the proportion of total health expenditure to GDP is 6.5%.

　　Second, medical services

　　(1) Outpatient service and hospitalization. In 2021, the total number of medical and health institutions in China was 8.47 billion, an increase of 730 million (9.4%) over the previous year. In 2021, residents visited medical and health institutions for an average of 6.0 times.

　　In 2021, there were 3.88 billion person-times in hospitals (accounting for 45.8%), 4.25 billion person-times in primary medical and health institutions (accounting for 50.2%) and 340 million person-times in other medical and health institutions (accounting for 4.0%). Compared with the previous year, the number of hospital visits increased by 560 million, and the number of primary medical and health institutions increased by 130 million.

　　In 2021, there were 3.27 billion medical consultations in public hospitals (accounting for 84.2% of the total medical consultations in hospitals) and 610 million medical consultations in private hospitals (accounting for 15.8% of the total medical consultations in hospitals).

　　In 2021, township hospitals and community health service centers (stations) treated 2 billion people, an increase of 150 million people over the previous year. The number of consultations in township hospitals and community health service centers (stations) accounted for 23.6% of the total number of consultations, and the proportion decreased by 0.3 percentage points over the previous year.

　　In 2021, there were 247.26 million hospitalizations in medical and health institutions nationwide, an increase of 17.13 million over the previous year (an increase of 7.4%), and the annual hospitalization rate of residents was 17.5%.

　　In 2021, there were 201.49 million person-times in hospitals (accounting for 81.5%), 35.92 million person-times in primary medical and health institutions (accounting for 14.5%) and 9.85 million person-times in other institutions (accounting for 4.0%). Compared with the previous year, the number of hospital admissions increased by 17.97 million, the number of primary medical and health institutions decreased by 1.15 million, and the number of other medical institutions increased by 320,000.

　　In 2021, there were 164.04 million hospital admissions in public hospitals (accounting for 81.4% of the total hospital admissions) and 37.45 million hospital admissions in private hospitals (accounting for 18.6% of the total hospital admissions).

　　(2) The workload of hospital doctors. In 2021, hospital doctors were responsible for 6.5 person-times of diagnosis and treatment and 2.2 bed days of hospitalization, among which, doctors in public hospitals were responsible for 7.0 person-times of diagnosis and treatment and 2.2 bed days of hospitalization.

　　(3) use of hospital beds. In 2021, the utilization rate of hospital beds in China was 74.6%, including 80.3% in public hospitals. Compared with the previous year, the utilization rate of hospital beds increased by 2.3 percentage points (including 2.9 percentage points in public hospitals). In 2021, the average length of stay of discharged patients in hospitals was 9.2 days (including 9.0 days in public hospitals), and compared with the previous year, the average length of stay of discharged patients in hospitals decreased by 0.3 days (including 0.3 days in public hospitals).

　　(4) improving medical services. By the end of 2021, 54.5% of secondary and above public hospitals had carried out appointment diagnosis and treatment, 91.3% had carried out clinical pathway management, 64.6% had carried out telemedicine services, 87.6% had participated in mutual recognition of examination results at the same level, and 92.0% had carried out quality nursing services.

　　(5) blood security. In 2021, the number of unpaid blood donors reached 16.745 million, and the amount of blood collected reached 28.559 million units, up by 7.5% and 8.0% respectively compared with 2020, and the blood donation rate per thousand people was 12.

　　Third, primary health services

　　(1) Rural health. By the end of 2021, there were 17,294 county-level (including county-level cities) hospitals, 1,868 county-level (including county-level cities) maternal and child health care institutions, 1,999 county-level (including county-level cities) centers for disease prevention and control, and 1,761 county-level (including county-level cities) health supervision institutions, with a total of 3.521 million health personnel in four types of county-level (including county-level cities) medical and health institutions.

　　By the end of 2021, there were 35,000 township health centers in 29,600 townships nationwide, with 1.417 million beds and 1.492 million health workers (including 1.285 million health technicians). Compared with the previous year, the number of township hospitals decreased by 819, the number of beds increased by 27,000, and the number of personnel increased by 11,000.

　　By the end of 2021, there were 599,000 village clinics in 490,000 administrative villages nationwide. There are 1.363 million people working in village clinics, including 476,000 licensed (assistant) doctors, 193,000 registered nurses, 691,000 rural doctors and health workers. Compared with the previous year, the number of village clinics decreased by 10,000, and the number of practicing (assistant) doctors increased by 11,000.

　　In 2021, there were 1.31 billion hospital visits at county level (including county-level cities), an increase of 150 million over the previous year; The number of admissions was 83.718 million, an increase of 3.069 million over the previous year; The utilization rate of hospital beds was 72.3%, an increase of 0.7 percentage points over the previous year.

　　In 2021, the number of medical consultations in township hospitals was 1.16 billion, an increase of 60 million over the previous year; The number of hospital admissions was 32.23 million, a decrease of 1.603 million over the previous year. In 2021, doctors were responsible for 8.9 person-times of diagnosis and treatment and 1.2 bed days of hospitalization, and the utilization rate of beds was 48.2%, and the average hospitalization days of discharged patients were 6.6 days. Compared with the previous year, the average daily number of doctors in township hospitals increased by 0.4 person-times, the average daily number of hospital beds decreased by 0.1 bed days, the utilization rate of hospital beds decreased by 2.2 percentage points, and the average hospitalization days remained unchanged.

　　In 2021, the number of visits to village clinics was 1.34 billion, a decrease of 90 million compared with the previous year, with an average of 2,239 visits per village clinic.

　　(2) Community health. By the end of 2021, there were 36,160 community health service centers (stations) in China, including 10,122 community health service centers and 26,038 community health service stations. Compared with the previous year, there were 296 community health service centers and 499 community health service stations. There are 555,000 people in community health service centers, with an average of 55 people in each center; There are 128,000 people in community health service stations, with an average of 5 people per station. The number of staff in community health service centers (stations) increased by 35,000 over the previous year, with an increase of 5.4%.

　　In 2021, there were 700 million medical consultations and 3.193 million hospitalizations in the national community health service centers. On average, each center has an annual treatment volume of 69,000 person-times and an annual admission volume of 315 person-times; Doctors are responsible for 14.6 person-times of diagnosis and treatment and 0.5 bed days of hospitalization. In 2021, there were 140 million consultations in community health service stations nationwide, with an average of 5,379 consultations per station, and 11.0 consultations per doctor per day.

　　(3) Basic public health services. The per capita financial subsidy standard for basic public health services will be raised from 74 yuan in 2020 to 79 yuan in 2021. In 2021, the number of elderly people aged 65 and above who received health management in primary health care institutions was 119.412 million, the number of hypertensive patients who received health management was 109.384 million, and the number of type 2 diabetes patients who received health management was 35.713 million.

　　Fourth, Chinese medicine services

　　(a) institutions of traditional Chinese medicine, beds and personnel. In 2021, there were 77,336 Chinese medical and health institutions nationwide, an increase of 4,981 over the previous year. Among them, there are 5715 Chinese medicine hospitals, 71583 Chinese medicine outpatient departments and clinics, and 38 Chinese medicine research institutions. Compared with the previous year, there were 233 Chinese medicine hospitals and 4,753 Chinese medicine outpatient departments and clinics.

　　In 2021, there were 1.505 million beds in Chinese medicine medical and health institutions nationwide, including 1.197 million beds in Chinese medicine hospitals (accounting for 79.5%). Compared with the previous year, the number of beds in medical and health institutions of traditional Chinese medicine increased by 72,000, including 49,000 beds in hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine.

　　In 2021, 99.6% of the similar institutions are community health service centers, 93.0% are community health service stations, 99.1% are township hospitals and 79.9% are village clinics.

　　In 2021, the total number of Chinese medicine health personnel in China reached 884,000, an increase of 55,000 (an increase of 6.6%) over the previous year. Among them, there are 732,000 practicing (assistant) doctors in Chinese medicine and 136,000 pharmacists (doctors). The two types of personnel have increased compared with the previous year.

　　(2) Chinese medicine medical services. In 2021, the total number of medical consultations in Chinese medical and health institutions nationwide was 1.2 billion, an increase of 140 million over the previous year (up 13.7%). Among them, there were 690 million person-times in TCM hospitals (accounting for 57.3%), 200 million person-times in TCM outpatient departments and clinics (accounting for 17.0%), and 310 million person-times in TCM clinical departments of non-TCM medical institutions (accounting for 25.7%).

　　In 2021, 38.002 million people were discharged from Chinese medical and health institutions nationwide, an increase of 2.96 million people (8.4%) over the previous year. Among them, there were 31.519 million person-times in hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine (accounting for 82.9%), 0.8 million person-times in outpatient departments of traditional Chinese medicine, and 6.475 million person-times in clinical departments of traditional Chinese medicine in non-traditional Chinese medicine medical and health institutions (accounting for 17.0%).

　　V. Medical expenses of patients

　　(1) Medical expenses of hospital patients. In 2021, the average outpatient cost of the hospital was 329.2 yuan, which was 1.5% higher than that of the previous year and 0.6% higher than the comparable price. The average hospitalization expense was 11,002.9 yuan, which was 3.6% higher than the previous year and 2.7% higher than the comparable price. The average daily hospitalization expense is 1191.7 yuan.

　　In 2021, the average outpatient medical expenses (123.3 yuan) accounted for 37.5% of the average outpatient expenses, down 1.6 percentage points from the previous year (39.1%); The average hospitalization expenses (2759.5 yuan) accounted for 25.1% of the average hospitalization expenses, which was 1.1 percentage points lower than the previous year (26.2%).

　　In 2021, among public hospitals at all levels, the average outpatient expenses of tertiary hospitals decreased by 0.9% (the current price, the same below), and the average hospitalization expenses decreased by 1.1%.

　　(2) Medical expenses of patients in primary medical and health institutions. In 2021, the average outpatient fee of community health service center was 164.3 yuan, which was 1.0% lower than that of the previous year and 1.8% lower than that of the comparable price. The average hospitalization expense was 3,649.9 yuan, which was 2.5% higher than that of the previous year and 1.6% higher than the comparable price.

　　In 2021, the average outpatient drug expenses in community health service centers (118.9 yuan) accounted for 72.4% of the average outpatient expenses, down 2.9 percentage points from the previous year (75.3%); The average hospitalization expenses (1088.8 yuan) accounted for 29.8% of the average hospitalization expenses, which was 1.8 percentage points lower than the previous year (31.6%).

　　In 2021, the average outpatient fee of township hospitals was 87.5 yuan, which was 3.3% higher than that of the previous year and 2.4% higher than the comparable price. The average hospitalization expense was 2166.5 yuan, which was 4.0% higher than that of the previous year and 3.1% higher than the comparable price. The average daily hospitalization expense is 329.3 yuan.

　　In 2021, the average outpatient medical expenses of township hospitals (51.5 yuan) accounted for 58.9% of the average outpatient expenses, down 2.3 percentage points from the previous year (61.2%); The average hospitalization expenses (719.4 yuan) accounted for 33.2% of the average hospitalization expenses, which was 1.9 percentage points lower than the previous year (35.1%).

　　VI. Disease Control and Public Health

　　(1) Prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19. In 2021, 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported 15,243 confirmed cases in COVID-19, including 6,866 imported cases and 8,377 local cases; There were 6265 asymptomatic infected people, including 5047 imported cases and 1218 local cases. In the whole year, 12,725 discharged cases were reported, including 6,331 imported cases and 6,394 local cases. There were 2 deaths.

　　Further improve the epidemic prevention and control policy system, unswervingly adhere to the general strategy of "external defense input, internal defense rebound" and the general policy of "dynamic zero clearing", adhere to the common prevention of people, things and environment, revise and issue 85 kinds of protection guides related to epidemic prevention and control in key places, key units and key populations, and revise the novel coronavirus Prevention and Control Plan (Eighth Edition) and the novel coronavirus Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Eighth Edition? Revised edition) and other programs.

　　As of December 31, 2021, a total of 2,835,332,000 doses of Covid-19 vaccination have been completed, and the number of people who have completed the whole vaccination is 1,210,685,000; A total of 11,937 medical and health institutions in China provide Covid-19 nucleic acid detection services, with a total detection capacity of 41.68 million copies/day, and the nucleic acid detection capacity has been significantly improved; There are more than 800 designated hospitals in COVID-19.

　　(2) reported incidence and death of infectious diseases. In 2021, there were 2.727 million reported cases of Class A and B infectious diseases and 22,000 reported deaths. The top five reported cases are viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea and brucellosis, accounting for 93.3% of the total reported cases of Class A and B infectious diseases. The top five reported deaths are AIDS, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, rabies and epidemic hemorrhagic fever, accounting for 99.7% of the total reported deaths of Class A and B infectious diseases.

　　In 2021, the reported incidence rate of Class A and B infectious diseases in China was 1.9346/100,000, and the mortality rate was 1.5733/100,000.

　　In 2021, a total of 3.506 million cases of 11 Class C infectious diseases were reported and 19 people died. The top five reported cases were hand, foot and mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea, influenza, mumps and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, accounting for 99.9% of the total reported cases of Class C infectious diseases. The diseases that reported more deaths were hand, foot and mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea and influenza in turn, accounting for 94.7% of the total reported deaths of Class C infectious diseases.

　　In 2021, the reported incidence rate of Class C infectious diseases in China was 248.71/100,000, and the mortality rate was 0.0013/100,000.

　　(3) Prevention and control of schistosomiasis. By the end of 2021, there were 451 endemic counties (cities, districts) in China; The number of counties (cities, districts) that have achieved elimination, transmission blocking and transmission control is 339, 100 and 12 respectively; In 2021, there were 29,037 patients with advanced schistosomiasis in China, 480 fewer than the previous year.

　　(4) prevention and control of endemic diseases. By the end of 2021, there were 330 counties (cities, districts) with Keshan disease in China, and 330 had been eliminated, with 4000 patients. There are 379 counties (cities, districts) with Kaschin-Beck disease, and 379 have been eliminated, with 172,000 patients. The number of counties (cities, districts) with iodine deficiency disorders was 2,799, and 2,799 were eliminated. There are 1,041 endemic fluorosis (drinking water type) counties (cities, districts), 953 under control, 73,902 endemic villages (neighborhood committees), 298,000 dental fluorosis patients aged 8-12 years and 66,000 skeletal fluorosis patients. There are 171 endemic fluorosis (coal-burning pollution) counties (cities, districts), with 171 under control, including 55,000 patients with dental fluorosis and 154,000 patients with skeletal fluorosis.

　　(5) Comprehensive prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Implement strategies and measures for comprehensive prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, and innovate the mode of prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. By the end of 2021, 488 national-level demonstration zones for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases have been built, and 2,855 counties (cities, districts) across the country have launched a nationwide healthy lifestyle campaign, and 605 death cause monitoring points and 2,085 tumor registration points have been established nationwide. In 2021, in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, 3.116 million high-risk groups were given early diagnosis and treatment of key cancers such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, 1.559 million people were screened in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease screening intervention project, and 4.844 million people were given free oral examinations in the comprehensive intervention project for children’s oral diseases.

　　(6) Management services for severe mental disorders. Health departments at all levels shall, jointly with public security, civil affairs, disabled persons’ federations and other departments, improve the management service network for severe mental disorders. By the end of 2021, a service network for the management and treatment of severe mental disorders had been established in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Under the guidance of mental health professional institutions, grassroots medical staff regularly followed up 6.331 million patients with severe mental disorders and provided rehabilitation guidance.

　　(seven) control of major diseases and health hazards. In 2021, monitoring of urban and rural drinking water quality will be carried out in all counties and districts of the country, with a total of 135,000 monitoring points and 270,000 water samples collected for water quality testing; Set up 167 monitoring points in 87 cities to monitor the impact of air pollution (smog) on people’s health; Monitoring points in public places were set up in 132 cities, and health hazard factors were monitored in 7240 public places.

　　In 2021, 8,710 schools in 1,606 counties (cities, districts) carried out monitoring of common diseases among students, with a total of 2.736 million people monitored; Myopia monitoring of children and adolescents was carried out in 2,307 kindergartens and 6,286 primary and secondary schools in 1,683 counties (cities, districts), with a total of 3.739 million people being monitored.

　　(8) Prevention and control of occupational diseases. By the end of 2021, there were 1022 occupational health technical service institutions, 605 radiological health technical service institutions, 23 chemical toxicity identification centers, 5067 occupational health inspection institutions and 588 occupational disease diagnosis institutions. The central government transferred local funds to build 671 pneumoconiosis rehabilitation stations (points), covering nearly 170,000 pneumoconiosis patients within its jurisdiction, and patients’ satisfaction with rehabilitation services reached 96%. In 2021, a total of 15,407 new cases of various occupational diseases were reported in China, including 11,877 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (including 11,809 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis), 2,123 cases of occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases, 339 cases of occupational infectious diseases, 567 cases of occupational chemical poisoning, 283 cases of occupational diseases caused by physical factors, 83 cases of occupational skin diseases, 79 cases of occupational tumors and 43 cases of occupational eye diseases (including 5 cases of radiation cataract).

　　Seven, maternal and child health and healthy aging

　　(1) Maternal and child health care. In 2021, the prenatal check-up rate of pregnant women was 97.6%, and the postpartum visit rate was 96.0%. Compared with the previous year, the rate of prenatal examination and postpartum visit have improved. In 2021, the hospital delivery rate was 99.9% (100.0% in the city and 99.9% in the county), and all hospital deliveries were basically realized.

　　In 2021, the systematic management rate of children under 3 years old reached 92.8%, which was basically the same as that of the previous year; The systematic management rate of pregnant and lying-in women reached 92.9%, slightly higher than the previous year.

　　(2) Mortality rate of children under 5 years old. According to the national maternal and child health monitoring, in 2021, the mortality rate of children under 5 years old was 7.1‰ , in which: City 4.1‰ Rural 8.5‰ ; Infant mortality rate is 5.0‰ , in which: City 3.2‰ Rural 5.8‰ . Compared with the previous year, the mortality rate of children under 5 and infant mortality rate in China have decreased to varying degrees.

　　(3) Maternal mortality rate. According to the national maternal and child health monitoring, in 2021, the national maternal mortality rate was 16.1/100,000, including 15.4/100,000 in cities and 16.5/100,000 in rural areas. Compared with the previous year, the national maternal mortality rate has decreased.

　　(4) National free pre-pregnancy eugenics examination program. All counties (cities, districts) in China generally carry out free pre-pregnancy eugenics health check-ups, and provide free pre-pregnancy eugenics services such as health education, health check-ups, risk assessment, consultation and guidance for rural planned pregnant couples. In 2021, a total of 8.23 million planned pregnant couples were provided with free check-ups, and the average coverage rate of the target population reached 93.5%. All the screened risk groups received targeted counseling and treatment referral services, and pre-pregnancy preventive measures were implemented, effectively reducing the risk of birth defects.

　　(5) Promoting the combination of health services and medical care for the elderly. By the end of 2021, there were 6 national clinical medical research centers for geriatric diseases; There are 4,685 secondary and above general hospitals with geriatric departments, 5,290 general hospitals with geriatric friendly medical institutions, 15,431 primary medical and health institutions, and 1,027 medical and health institutions with hospice care (hospice care) departments. There are 78,000 pairs of medical and health institutions and old-age service institutions across the country that have signed cooperative relations; There are 6,492 medical and nursing institutions with complete two certificates (referring to the practice license or filing of medical institutions and filing of old-age care institutions). Jointly with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the pilot demonstration of the application of smart and healthy old-age care in 2021 was carried out, and 35 demonstration enterprises, 2 demonstration parks, 45 demonstration streets (towns) and 17 demonstration bases were identified.

　　Eight, food safety and health supervision

　　(1) Food safety risk monitoring. According to the reports of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, by the end of 2021, there were 2,778 food safety risk monitoring points nationwide, and 113,000 samples in 26 categories were monitored for pollutants and harmful factors; Food-borne diseases were monitored in 70,478 medical and health institutions, and 5,493 outbreaks of food-borne diseases were reported nationwide, with 32,334 cases and 117 deaths.

　　(2) Health supervision in public places. In 2021, there were 1.596 million public health supervision units and 8.061 million employees. 1.842 million times of supervision and inspection were conducted in public places, and 106,000 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　(3) Sanitary supervision of drinking water. In 2021, there were 104,000 supervised units for drinking water sanitation (water supply) in China, and 744,000 people were directly engaged in water supply and management. Supervise and inspect the sanitation (water supply) of drinking water for 130,000 times. There are 6,346 supervised units involving drinking water hygiene and safety products nationwide, with 125,000 employees. 7214 households were supervised and inspected for products related to drinking water hygiene and safety. 4,079 cases of drinking water and drinking water safety products were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　(four) disinfection products and tableware centralized disinfection hygiene supervision. In 2021, there were 10,817 supervised units in disinfection products, with 212,000 employees. There were 31,000 supervision and inspections in disinfection products, and 12,673 samples were sampled, with a qualified rate of 96.8%. 2,529 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law. In 2021, there were 4,018 centralized disinfection service units for tableware and drinking utensils nationwide, with 44,000 employees. 8,797 households were supervised and inspected, and 1,475 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　(5) School health supervision. In 2021, there were 194,000 supervised schools nationwide, with 233,000 times of supervision and inspection and 7,329 cases investigated.

　　(6) Occupational health and radiation health supervision. By the end of 2021, the technical institutions of occupational health examination, occupational disease diagnosis and radiation health had been regularly supervised for 6,725 households, with a supervision coverage rate of 75.2%. 598 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law. There are 77,000 supervised units for radiation diagnosis and treatment, with a supervision coverage rate of 77.6%, and 86,000 times of regular supervision, and 7,705 radiation health cases are investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　(seven) health supervision of medical and health care, blood safety and prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. In 2021, 42,000 health administrative penalties were imposed on medical institutions or medical personnel according to law. Administrative punishment for practicing medicine without a license is 12,000. 57 administrative penalties were imposed on blood collection and supply institutions according to law. 79,000 cases of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases were investigated and dealt with according to law, including 79,000 cases of health administrative punishment.

　　(eight) maternal and child health supervision. In 2021, there were 20,000 supervised units for maternal and child health throughout the country, and 29,000 supervised and inspected units for maternal and child health, and 816 cases were investigated and dealt with according to law.

　　(nine) the employer’s occupational health and technical service institutions supervise law enforcement. In 2021, 200,000 employers were supervised and inspected nationwide, and 17,308 cases were investigated. In 2021, 1,042 occupational health technical service institutions were supervised and inspected nationwide, and 59 cases were investigated.

　　IX. Population and family development

　　The population born in 2021 was 10.62 million. The proportion of two children is 41.4%, the proportion of three children and above is 14.5%, and the sex ratio of the birth population is 110.9. In 2021, the reward and assistance system for some family planning families in rural areas benefited 16.314 million people; The special assistance system for family planning benefited 1.713 million people. A total of 24.08 billion yuan was invested in the "three systems" of family planning incentives and assistance, an increase of 1.68 billion yuan over the previous year; The central government invested 13.24 billion yuan, 750 million yuan more than the previous year.

　　Ma Jia is a teacher majoring in mathematics in a university in Beijing. This summer, he enrolled his daughter Ma Lu in a 12-day math extracurricular class. "In her daughter’s words, the most difficult questions in the extracurricular class are also simpler than the simplest ones she usually does at school." However, Ma Jia still insisted on letting her daughter go to this extracurricular class. "The mathematics learned at school is too difficult, so let the children find the confidence to do the problem here."

　　Ma Lu is studying in a good middle school, and the second day of junior high school is about to begin. This school is yearning for many parents because of its "difficult study" and "good grades in the senior high school entrance examination".

　　While attending classes in Ma Lu, in the adjacent classroom, Tao Qian, who just finished "Xiaoshengchu", was also attending math classes. "Many parents told me that math in primary schools is too simple. If I don’t study in the summer vacation, I can’t keep up with school." Tao Qian’s mother told the reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network.

　　Same math, different troubles.

　　In fact, the troubles brought by mathematics to Chinese people in these years are by no means just these.

　　A few years ago, at the craziest time of choosing a school in junior high school, Olympiad was the most powerful "weapon" in choosing a school, so that many children were miserable when they learned it.

　　Later, the Olympiad became a "monster" and was banned again and again. Mathematics was also in the voice of reducing the burden and has been reducing the difficulty.

　　What followed was that China students’ scenery in the International Mathematical Olympiad was no longer there, and the champion who had won for many years was lost for four years.

　　Just as people questioned whether the difficulty of mathematics had dropped too much, just after the college entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination this year, there were media reports that the candidates were crying outside the examination room because the questions were too difficult.

　　Is mathematics difficult or easy? Should mathematics be more difficult or easier?

　　Some people say that China’s mathematics education has been swinging in recent years, and this swing seems to be unique to China: when a group of people shout "too easy", we seem to think that mathematics is easy and should be more difficult; When another group of people shouted "It’s too difficult", we seemed to think that mathematics was difficult and were busy reducing the difficulty.

　　On July 12th this year, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Natural Science Foundation of China jointly issued the "Work Plan on Strengthening Mathematical Science Research" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), calling for strengthening mathematical science research and continuously and stably supporting basic mathematical science.

　　It is mentioned in the Plan that the strength of mathematics often affects the strength of a country, and almost all major discoveries are related to the development and progress of mathematics, which has become an indispensable and important support in the fields of aerospace, national defense security, biomedicine, information, energy, ocean, artificial intelligence, advanced manufacturing and so on.

　　The release of the document has played a decisive role in mathematics teaching, and some essential problems should be discussed more fully: how should mathematics education in primary and secondary schools develop? Can the swing from easy to difficult stop? The reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network recently interviewed many experts in the industry, trying to make a more rational analysis of the current mathematics education in primary and secondary schools.

　　"shallow enough to make people want to cry"

　　Primary school mathematics is caught in the form of operation and visualization.

　　"I always emphasize that primary school mathematics must not be too operational and intuitive, and students should learn to think and recall problems." Liu Jiaxia, dean of the School of Primary Education of Beijing Institute of Education, said.

　　At one time, mathematics education in primary and secondary schools in China was famous for its difficulty. Many people may still remember the classic example: when an American adult is asked what 7×8 is, they will be very embarrassed to answer, "I’ll look for a calculator." And the same question, China grade two or three primary school students will basically blurt out.

　　While people are proud of China’s children’s solid mathematical foundation, they are also thinking about how memorizing the multiplication table of 1999 can really help a child’s mathematical study.

　　Some experts pointed out that mathematics learning should go through romantic period, accurate period and comprehensive period, while primary school learning is in romantic period, so that children can play and go to school.

　　As a result, in many places, primary school mathematics has not only increased the content of practical operation, but also the exams in the lower grades of primary schools have become a "music test". Many years ago, the exercises such as oral arithmetic competition and calculating the standard for 100 days have become rare.

　　"But in fact, this ‘ Play and learn ’ It is a higher realm, and the requirements for teachers are higher. " Liu Jiaxia said that not all grades of study must be ‘ Play and learn ’ , and not all knowledge is suitable for ‘ Play and learn ’ . Especially in the middle and senior grades of primary schools, we should not only operate and be intuitive, but also have reasoning, and some rational methods and training should keep up. "Although it is necessary for middle schools to reflect on refining the law after doing the questions, there will be difficulties in the connection of middle schools if there is no relevant training at all in the primary school stage."

　　Not long ago, there was a post on the Internet that caused a heated discussion. A teacher left homework in the parents’ WeChat group, saying: One of the math homework in the evening is hundreds of millions of grains of rice, so parents can urge their students to finish it and take it to school in food bags the next day. The group of parents immediately exploded. Some said, "If one grain counts, it will take a year." Some said, "Is this a brain teaser?" Others asked, "How can I get to school tomorrow?".

　　Although the case of hundreds of millions of grains of rice is too wonderful, the situation of being too formal and operating for the sake of operation can be seen everywhere in today’s primary school mathematics classroom.

　　Teacher Liu Jiaxia introduced that once she went to a division class in primary school. The example given by the teacher in class is 24÷2, which means that 24 is divided into two parts on average. How to divide it? The teacher led the students to divide the sticks, first one by one, then two by two, and then continue to divide them. "If you are a sophomore, this division is still meaningful, but the real difficulty in this class is the vertical division. This division is completely for the sake of division and operation." Liu Jiaxia said that the teacher should directly present: "two bundles of four", two bundles are two tens, and there are four left, and divide the "two bundles of four" equally. At this time, the children should be led to discuss why they should be divided into high positions first (that is, "bundles"), and then the high positions will be divided into low positions.

　　"Elementary school mathematics is so shallow that people want to cry." A primary school math teacher said that sometimes it is even required to teach students no more than two steps to solve problems.

　　Teacher Liu Jiaxia introduced that primary school students often use the "staring method" to solve problems: there is no need to draw pictures, discuss or question, and the answer is unique. There are only two steps at most, and you can know the answer by staring. "In fact, primary school mathematics should be easier to test, but it is slightly more difficult to learn. The difficulty is not to increase the difficulty of knowledge, but to expand students’ knowledge, to be more reasonable, and to tell the stories behind mathematics knowledge." Liu Jiaxia said, but now there is too much emphasis on operation and intuition, which makes many primary school math classes like teachers coaxing children to play.

　　不过有时候也不仅是老师哄着学生玩，学生也哄着老师玩。

　　“我们在实际教学中还有一个矛盾。”北京某小学的数学牛老师说，学习内容虽然简单，但是对老师的课堂教学过程还要求多样化。“我们经常在课堂上问：孩子们谁还有别的方法？谁还有问题？但这其实低估了孩子的智商，学习内容这么简单还能有多少方法？还能提出多少问题？”牛老师说，久而久之，学生们便配合着老师一起演。

　　老师哄着学生、学生哄着老师，学校里的学习氛围变得轻松了，这种轻松既无法满足聪明孩子的求知欲，同时也无法满足中国家长“不输在起跑线上”的期望，于是“不满足”的家长带着“吃不饱”的孩子进了课外班。

　　初一学初二的课程

　　超前学让中学数学陷入刷题的汪洋大海

　　小学阶段的数学太容易了，浪费了学生的智力。那么，中学呢？

　　有人说在中国最苦的学生就是中学生，因此最应该给中学生减负。

　　Many people feel that it is difficult to learn, so the burden is heavy, so to reduce the burden, we should reduce the difficulty. "There is actually no relationship between burden reduction and difficulty." Professor Zhao Xuezhi from the School of Mathematical Sciences of Capital Normal University said.

　　Today, great changes have taken place in the content of mathematics learning, and at the same time, the methods of mathematics have also changed. This change itself may bring a burden to students. "For example, we used to use derivation to do geometry problems, but now we will use vectors." Zhao Xuezhi said that vector has been debated by math teachers since the day it was introduced. Many people think that the introduction of vector destroys the joy that geometry brings to students when they finally draw a wonderful auxiliary line after trying to break their heads. Others regard the introduction of vectors as evidence that mathematics has reduced the difficulty.

　　"In fact, it is difficult to make a simple summary with difficulty." Zhao Xuezhi said that just like walking the same road, people used to walk, but later they changed to take a bus. Originally, walking and taking a bus would not add extra burden to people. But if you go out for a while and then drive back, then go and drive again, the burden will be heavy.

　　Experts pointed out that these problems encountered in the development of mathematics will disappear with the skilled use of tools and methods. In middle school, what really causes students’ heavy burden of mathematics learning is not the difficulty, but the advance — — That is to say, when teachers and students are not ready, they are in a hurry to catch up with the progress, which often causes teachers not to pay attention to the teaching process, while students are eating raw rice.

　　Ma Lu, who started school in Grade Two, began to learn the content of Grade Two in the next semester of Grade One. Ma Lu said that just because what she learned in school was fast and difficult, she had to "return to the furnace" in the extracurricular class during the summer vacation.

　　Learning ahead of time has become a very common phenomenon in middle school mathematics learning.

　　What knowledge is learned at what age is suitable for students’ cognitive characteristics at this stage. Learning ahead means that what they have learned is beyond students’ cognitive ability. In order to let students master knowledge, teachers usually practice a lot.

　　"Let’s take a simple example to see the relationship between learning ahead and the burden." Professor Zhao Xuezhi said that if we teach at an age consistent with students’ cognitive level, we only need to make it clear that 2 is bigger than 1, and then students can draw countless groups of comparisons by analogy. However, if students learn ahead of time, they can’t understand the relationship between comparisons. In order to let students master this knowledge, teachers will let students remember that 2 is bigger than 1, 3 is bigger than 2, and 4 is bigger than 3 … … "Exhausted and remember, this process is a process of massive practice. Can the burden on students be small?"

　　在这个过程中，数学教学培养的是学生的记忆力，而不是推断力。“数学的学习关键是掌握了原理，然后举一反三，而不在于你记住了哪些具体的知识。”赵学志说。

　　但是，在当前的很多中学，中考和高考分数仍然是教学的主要奋斗目标，在这种前提下老师们不是以更多的精力引导学生进行更多的思考，而是总结题型，追求题型的全覆盖，进而把学生扔进刷题的汪洋大海。学生的思辨能力、推理能力自然无法得到很好的训练。

　　今年高考之后，考生们被“难哭了一片”，很多人不禁怀疑：难道数学的难度又要提高了吗？其实，高考数学科目刚刚结束，教育部考试中心的命题专家就指出，2019年的数学试卷，在难度、区分度上都与前两年相当，只是更加强调考查学生的理性思维能力，综合运用数学思维方法分析问题、解决问题的能力。

　　The proposition expert specifically mentioned the Venus that made the candidates "frightened" and pointed out that this question is not to be difficult for students, but to "explore the beauty of the golden section of the human body and integrate aesthetic education into mathematics education." When the candidates calmed down and looked at this "Venus" again, they finally understood that "Venus" was only a narrative way of the topic, and the real mathematical knowledge had probably been learned in the sixth grade of primary school.

　　The difficulty of the college entrance examination has not increased, but the flexibility has increased, and the students who are tired of brushing the questions are at a loss.

　　Many experts pointed out that there is nothing wrong with the reform direction of mathematics education, and there is nothing wrong with reducing students’ burden. The crux of the problem is that professional things have not been entrusted to professional people.

　　An expert said that people will always mention the difficulty coefficient now, but in fact, the difficulty coefficient is an indicator of post-verification, and it is a monitoring indicator for the education management department to maintain the stability of the exam for a long time. "We don’t need to monitor the difficulty coefficient like monitoring blood sugar at all." Zhao Xuezhi said that the whole society and even ordinary people are concerned about talking about this coefficient, which can only increase anxiety, and it is easy to misread the changes of numbers, which in turn leads to unnecessary misunderstanding of mathematics education.

　　An expert suggested that the reform should be handed over to the education management department and teachers should be liberated from daily affairs, so that the mathematics classroom can return to rationality and mathematics can return to its original appearance. (Reporter Fan Weichen)

　　(At the request of the interviewee, Ma Jia, Ma Lu and Tao Qian are all pseudonyms.)