Most people don’t know about the scavengers. In fact, in reality, a large number of garbage cleaners living in urban gaps are not homogeneous groups, and their internal division of labor and stratification have already formed. A large number of scavengers still have the expectation of gradual accumulation and upward mobility. However, despite the existence of opportunities for social mobility, they are also very fragile. A natural and man-made disaster is enough to bring their decades of struggle back to the original point.

In a village in south-central Henan province, we have repeatedly heard that most people in the village and surrounding areas have gone out to collect waste products, and some villagers have made a fortune by collecting waste products, so we asked the village cadres to introduce a villager who has been scavenging for a long time and knows the whole waste purchasing industry. This is how we met Fang Zhenye. The 65-year-old Fang Zhenye started scavenging in the 1980s, and worked in the waste industry until 2010. In the past 30 years, he went from scavenging and collecting waste at a fixed point to running a waste collection station step by step, and every step was deeply branded with the change of urban-rural relations.

(A) missed the opportunity for development and embarked on the road of scavenging

Fang Zhenye is small and thin, but his eyes are alert, he is good at talking, and his expression is clear, his logic is strong, and he is not lacking in literary talent. It can be seen that he has a solid foundation in reading when he was young.

He graduated from junior high school in 1970, and then worked as a farmer at home for one or two years. He joined the army in the second half of 1972 and worked as a soldier in Chengdu for four years. In 1975, he became the first batch of party member to join the Party, and soon became the monitor. In the fourth year of the army, he joined the cadre teaching team with excellent performance. This means that being trained with emphasis is very likely to stay in the army in the future, with broad prospects, but it has lost the opportunity by mistake. Fang Zhenye’s fiancee was not at ease at that time, fearing that she would not want to be herself after her high level, so she went to Fang Zhen’s industrial home. Unexpectedly, she just got sick there and sent a telegram to him at home, so the army asked her to treat her. Fang Zhenye was in the coaching team at that time, and was talked to by his superiors. What the army meant was that Fang Zhenye’s lover was sick and would be a drag in the future, so he could not be trained any more. He missed the development opportunity, retired and returned home.

In 1977, after returning home, Fang Zhenye continued to farm until 1985, when he began to go out to pick up rubbish. One of the main reasons for his going out is to avoid the fine of family planning. He was fined 120 yuan that year because of his super-life. Because of his limited agricultural income, he couldn’t pay the fine, so he had to find a way to hide out.

At first, Fang Zhenye, who had just returned from the army, could not pull his face down to collect junk. However, for the sake of the family’s life, he had to put down his figure and embark on this road without too high cost. He said that at that time, in order to avoid the embarrassment of meeting acquaintances, he pulled a rickshaw out early every morning and went home until he could not see anyone at night. In this way, I secretly scavenged from 1985 to 1992. At that time, the income of scavenging was 5 yuan a day, much higher than the salaries of teachers and village cadres, and the local people’s views gradually changed. By this time, 50% of the villagers had devoted themselves to scavenging.

(2) Going out to pick up rubbish: being taken in for deportation.

In order to check the scrap market, Fang Zhenye lived in Anyang’s younger brother’s house for ten days in 1992. His brother is a college student and his sister-in-law is the head nurse. After living in his brother’s house for ten days, he felt very uncomfortable. He was afraid of being looked down upon by his brother, especially his sister-in-law, so he finally gave up Anyang and went to Luoyang with his relatives in a rage. After staying in Luoyang for three months, he collected waste products wholeheartedly. Fang Zhenye said that he was not so ashamed at that time. After returning from Luoyang, he stayed at home for more than 20 days, found five or six relatives with the same temper, and went to Dalian together. Dalian is a main battlefield for many local villagers to collect waste products. Until now, some villagers still do waste products business in Dalian.

Fang Zhenye’s memory of Dalian is not good. He said, "Dalian people and Henan people have different personalities, and they are violent, especially those who pick up junk." During his stay in Dalian, he was often injured, as were several people who went with him. After staying in Dalian for about half a year, five or six people who went with him came back one after another, and Fang Zhenye himself came back. During his six months in Dalian, Fang Zhenye was taken in for three times. Generally, the police station is involved in the management. When you arrive at the police station, you will be beaten first, and then you will be sent to the detention and repatriation station overnight at most. Before you send it, you must make a statement that you will never accept waste again and will never be here again. Then the detention and repatriation station will use the money of the deported people to buy train tickets and send them to the train. Only when the train starts will the person in charge of repatriation leave. Fang Zhen escaped from the shelter twice, once was sent home, stayed for five days and went to Dalian. The reason why they want to escape is that they can’t go to their residence to get their luggage and certificates when they are caught in the police station and sent directly from the police station to the detention and repatriation station. The first two times, because someone paid for bail, it usually takes 500-600 yuan to get bail; At that time, the income from collecting waste products was only 200-300 yuan a month. "If you come out for a month or two and get caught again, it will be finished." The third time, they were sent back because Dalian wanted to clean up the foreign population. Fang Zhenye said that his ID card and discharge certificate were lost this time, not to mention money and clothes. Fang Zhenye was very angry because he lost his discharge certificate, because it could not be reissued.Later, when he received the retirement allowance, he did not have a retirement certificate and was not recognized. Being repatriated, Fang Zhenye had no choice but to return to his hometown.

Fang Zhenye mentioned that at that time, some people in the village went out to work, and every year when they came back during the Spring Festival, people got together to discuss what they could do to make money. He said, "(At that time) officials earned more than 100 yuan a month, village cadres and primary school teachers earned a few dollars a month, and garbage collectors earned 500 yuan a month, making more money than county heads." Under such circumstances, after discussion, everyone still feels that it is more reliable to collect waste products. "After coming back (from Dalian), I was tempted by money and wanted to go, but I was afraid." At this time, Fang Zhenye’s lover discussed with her husband that she went to Dalian to collect waste products, and her husband took care of the children and cultivated the land at home. She thought, "When a woman is outside, people will have some sympathy, at least not being beaten." In this way, his wife went to Dalian and collected waste products in Dalian for nearly a year until Fang Zhenye was introduced to Beijing through another relative. In 1994, Fang Zhenye and his wife went to Beijing with their 17-year-old son. Since then, from 1994 to 2011, Fang Zhen’s family has been collecting waste products in Beijing. Despite the difficulties, relying on his hard work, luck and intelligence, Fang Zhenye opened up a situation in Beijing and experienced many twists and turns.

(3) The golden age of scavengers: "If you can pick up junk for three years, you will not give it to a county magistrate."

When I first arrived in Beijing, it was difficult to find a stable place to stay. At that time, for the sake of safety, the neighborhood Committee refused to let waste collectors in. Fang Zhenye managed to find a community to help the community clean up and take care of bicycles for free. They start cleaning at 3: 00 a.m. every day. By 7: 00 a.m. before breakfast, the day’s cleaning work has been finished. During the day, they collect waste products without wasting time. From 1994 to 1995, it took a year or so for Fang Zhenye’s family to be gradually recognized by the community and basically settled down from 1995.

When Fang Zhenye’s family first arrived in this community, they were careful everywhere and spent a lot of time on building good relations with the residents of the community. During the wheat harvest season in 1994, Fang Zhenye didn’t let his eldest son go back to his hometown to harvest with him, let him stay in that community to continue his work, and specially told his son not to be too busy collecting waste products and to do a good job for others. The eldest son is sensible, does a good job, and looks likable. The old lady in the neighborhood Committee likes this child, so Fang Zhenye and his family live in the community, and the waste products are also given to them directly. For Fang Zhenye’s family to live in, the neighborhood committee cleared out the small house where the garbage truck used to be, and built another shed to store the garbage truck. So this small house of about 8 square meters became the residence of Fang Zhenye’s family, and they lived there for ten years. Fang Zhenye said, "All my three sons grew up in that community."

Fang Zhenye told his son that he must have a good relationship with people. "We are at the bottom, and people are superior. Standing in front of people, people are too dirty. How can we have contact with people? I can only help people. " Fang Zhenye’s neighborhood is the family building of the municipal party committee. He said, "The heads of all units are there, the director, the manager and the manager. Officials have a characteristic: they are willing to pay, but unwilling to contribute. He didn’t take the flowerpot, rice and a few pounds of things, so let’s take them. We have sent more (times), and when he comes down from upstairs, there will be waste or food. If we are not here, they will put the food directly on our booth. " Fang Zhenye said that at that time, half of their food was sent by residents. For him, this solved their big problem. Several sons are big boys, and they can’t cook, and they can’t cook where they live.

There are about 1000 households in this community. The waste products that Fang Zhenye collected and sold at that time ranged from paper, cartons and cans to waste plastics, scrap copper and iron. At that time, they can easily get a net income of two or three hundred yuan a month. If they are lucky, their net income can be five or six hundred yuan a month. Therefore, in the mid-1990s, there was a popular saying in Henan, "You can pick up rags for three years and give them to a county magistrate." The peak of the whole waste purchasing industry was from 1994 to 2000. In the early 1990s, the income from collecting waste products was 200-300 yuan per month, and in the mid-1990s, it reached 400-500 yuan per month. At the same time, the monthly salary of a secretary of a township party committee was only over 100 yuan, and that of a teacher was only a few dollars.

From the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, there were two main ways to collect waste products. One is not fixed, commonly known as "garbage pickers". These people carry a bag with a stick and walk around the streets. Such people account for the majority of the people who collect waste products. The other is to collect waste products at fixed points, which must be recognized by neighborhood committees and residents. The number is very small, and Fang Zhenye belongs to this category.

Fang Zhenye explained that although he started to buy in the community in 1995, he completely occupied the community after 1997. In the second half of 1997, Fang Zhen returned to his hometown to build a house. When he returned to Beijing in 1998, it was no longer an open community, and all communities were fenced off. During this period, because it is easy to make money by collecting waste products, people from all walks of life collect them. "The more people collect, the more things there are, and the less income there is. Young people with brains have begun to take crooked ways and steal. " Fang Zhenye said that the construction of a closed residential area was planned by Beijing in a unified way, and the house in his residential area and security room was built by his father and son. From the beginning of building a closed community, it became possible for a community to be contracted by one or two, and then it gradually evolved into a later type of waste acquisition-"package community" to collect waste.

As for Zhenye, although his community was closed in 1997, at that time he still cleaned the community for free in exchange for not paying the contract fee. However, by around 2000, residents began to realize that all waste collectors were rich, and some residents suggested, "Don’t look at junk collectors, they are rich, and they have to bleed." Fang Zhenye said, "At first, residents regarded waste collectors as beggars, but they were woken up at night and closed the windows." Later, it was found that it was not easy to collect waste products, and it was also interesting to sell waste products (for us). We were not allowed to collect sanitation at night, and we could not collect sanitation before 5 am. " From then on, people who collect waste products at fixed points like Fang Zhenye began to pay a certain contract fee to the neighborhood committee.

The change of the status of scavengers is actually hidden in the anxiety of urban people caused by social stratification. Scavengers originally lived in the gap of the city and were sympathized by the city people. However, with the changes in the city in the 1990s and the rising income of scavengers, they began to become a threat to the urban middle class with increasingly unstable status and uncertain future.

(four) the restructuring of state-owned enterprises, laid-off workers and the expulsion of scavengers

After 2000, another more important change has taken place in the waste collection industry, because at this time, a large number of urban workers were laid off due to the restructuring of state-owned enterprises, making urban cleaning an important channel for the employment placement of "4050 personnel", and the scavengers who had existed in the urban gap must make way at this time. For the other zhenye, the change began with the change of the neighborhood Committee. Since 2001, college students have started to work in neighborhood committees, while old ladies who used to work in neighborhood committees have to retire if they are over 55 years old. After six months’ training in street offices, college students who have just graduated from university will go to work in neighborhood committees. Around 2004, the director and deputy director of the neighborhood Committee who had been dealing with Fang Zhenye for many years were replaced. In less than three months, things changed.

One day, the new college student director came to talk to Fang Zhenye about the new policy of the community. When talking about this, Fang Zhenye pondered for a long time before he thought of the word that made him very headache at that time: "standard". He said, "I can’t even hear the word, and my head is big when I hear it." The director of the neighborhood Committee came to express two meanings. First, the community work should be "standardized" now, and booth fees should be charged for those who collect waste products; To clean up the sanitation, a special cleaning company should be set up, and it should be cleaned in a fixed period of time during the day. "Even if it is cleaned up before 7 o’clock in the morning, the leaves will come down again when it is windy during the day. Let the residents see the cleaning staff cleaning up. If you collect sanitation at night, the residents will only see that you are collecting waste. " Second, if there are unemployed people in this community who can’t find jobs, they should replace the original cleaning staff and give priority to the unemployed people in this community. Fang Zhenye said, "What community college students explain is that’ cleaning staff’ and’ cleaning’ are to ensure cleanliness at any time. You look at this explanation, so you say,’ Those who work hard rule people, and those who work hard rule people’. "

Soon, the new regulations will be implemented. Fang Zhenye said, "As a reason for arranging unemployed people, we were cleared out. But suddenly clear us out, what should I do? " He went to several old ladies to intercede, but several people said that it was no good and must be "standardized". When Fang Zhenye was worried, the residents who had arranged to take over his work came to see him. "I said what you should do, I won’t hold you up. I’ll leave as soon as I find a place. He said he wouldn’t do (cleaning). I understood after listening to his words. I asked,’ Do you sell (this job)?’ Finally, we agreed that I would give him money and I would continue to do my original work. "Unexpectedly, one day not long after, the residents’ committee suddenly gave Fang Zhenye a good lecture and forced him to leave. Fang Zhenye said, "At that time, college students were very fierce. If they were angry, they would get angry. If they said, you would slap you!" In desperation, Fang Zhenye can only find another way out.

(5) From scavengers to "waste recyclers": paying money to "package the community"

From 2004 to 2008, Fang Zhenye and his son were employed by the cleaning department of another residential property to clean up the garbage, and their salary was 700 yuan/month. Fang Zhenye proposed to the property department that he didn’t want a salary, as long as he was allowed to collect sanitation and clear away the waste. At that time, their gross income from selling waste products could reach 5,000 yuan a month, which was handed over to the property 1000 yuan.

Fang Zhenye said that cleaning up garbage is a work that requires experience, and not everyone can do it well. At that time, in the residential area where he lived, each building had 28 floors, each floor had a garbage room, and the garbage of 12 households on each floor was put in the garbage room. At 8 o’clock in the morning, the cleaning staff carried out the garbage with the bag of the trash can and collected it layer by layer. Because there is a distance from the garbage room to the elevator, and garbage bags often contain soy sauce bottles, vinegar bottles, leftovers, etc., inexperienced employees often delay time because of garbage leakage, which also makes residents dissatisfied. According to the regulations of the property department, the cleaning staff in the learning stage need to collect a building within 2 hours. Mature employees can take it in 80 minutes, and high-tech employees can take it in 50 minutes. Fang Zhenye usually comes down within an hour, so although someone else has changed in the middle of the property to collect it, he finally had to bring Fang Zhenye back because of complaints from residents.

From Fang Zhenye’s point of view, there are several principles for choosing what kind of community to enter. The first is to see whether there are more commodity buildings or family buildings in the community. The income of purchasers in commodity buildings is twice as much as that in family buildings, because all the people living in commodity buildings are rich. The second is to see how many doors are opened in this community. The more doors there are, the more uneconomical it is, because the more doors there are, the more people from outside will come in to collect waste products. The third is to look at the number of households. Fang Zhenye and his fellow villagers once discussed a general rule that people who buy waste products can earn an average of 1 yuan from each household every day.

Since the closure of the community and the standardization of waste purchase, the "waste recyclers" in the community have been managed by the property department and paid contract fees to the property. With the increasingly fierce competition for scrap purchase, the property keeps raising the contract fee. Fang Zhenye said that according to the current market, in a community of about 10,000 people, the waste recyclers have to pay 70,000 yuan to the property a year.

(6) A short turnaround under the economic crisis: renting a waste collection station.

After the 2008 Olympic Games, the economic crisis suddenly appeared in the second half of the year. Fang Zhenye said that at that time, some waste collection stations lost hundreds of thousands at once. A waste collection station usually needs millions of dollars, and the collection station usually stores a certain amount of waste before selling it. The sudden economic crisis has caused these collection stations with hundreds of thousands of goods to lose a lot of money at one time. Some people are buying stations operated by loans, but they can’t see hope, and they are also urged to pay debts. Just in the area where Fang Zhenye is located, three people who run buying stations committed suicide, all from Gushi County, Henan Province.

With many years of industry experience, Fang Zhenye has a keen grasp and analysis ability of information. After the economic crisis, the price of waste products fell to the bottom in the second half of 2008. At this time, Fang Zhenye, who had a good idea of the situation, spent all his money, borrowed some money, raised about 300,000 yuan, and rented a purchasing station with his three sons to do the business of scrap copper and aluminum. He believes that under the circumstances at that time, the price of waste products can no longer go down, and it will definitely pick up. As expected, after the end of 2008, the price of waste really began to pick up. The rent of the purchasing station contracted by Fang Zhenye at that time was 4,000 yuan/month. If it is well managed, the monthly net income can be more than 6,000 yuan; General management, net income is only 2000 yuan.

After more than two years of running the acquisition station, the economic crisis appeared again. Fang Zhenye said that when he saw the falling oil price, he quickly withdrew. According to his many years’ experience, if the price of oil rises, the price will rise; When oil prices fall, prices will also fall, and the waste business will also weaken. With such keen judgment and analytical ability, Fang Zhenye has not suffered a big loss in the acquisition of waste products, and has avoided big price fluctuations. Until returning to his hometown, Fang Zhenye has been paying attention to the market of the waste industry, but the market has been bad in recent years, so he has never made another shot. He estimated that he would never do the junk business again.

(7) Sudden storms: Cancer has exhausted years of savings.

In the second half of 2010, Fang Zhenye’s wife had a stomachache, and it was diagnosed as duodenal cancer. She stayed in a hospital in Beijing for more than 20 days and spent more than 40,000 yuan, but the hospital did not study for 3 or 4 weeks. Finally, Fang Zhen was asked to take a living specimen to the cancer hospital for testing, and the result of the test was that it was likely to become cancerous, so the hospital asked them to transfer to another hospital quickly.

In the Spring Festival of 2010, Fang Zhenye took his wife home for the New Year and returned to Beijing for treatment the following year. He spent tens of thousands of yuan, through various relationships, transferred to a hospital where a fellow villager was the vice president. According to the situation at that time, if you don’t have surgery, your wife will have a life span of up to 3 years; If you have an operation, you may die on the operating table, but you may also survive. If you live for another 20 or 30 years, doctors are 75% sure. What my wife means is that if it is only 10,000 yuan, I will have an operation. If it is more than 10,000 yuan, I will not do it. Several sons could not make a decision, and finally Fang Zhenye made a decision and had an operation. It cost nearly 0.2 million/200 thousand before and after, and finally it survived. Fang Zhenye said that before his wife got sick, he had more than 100,000 yuan in his hand. At that time, he had planned to buy a house for his son in the suburbs of Beijing. As a result, his wife’s illness almost spent the original savings.

Fang Zhenye and his wife withdrew from the waste industry. After returning to their hometown, their sons still made a living outside, but they stopped doing waste business. The eldest son bought a big truck and transported muck for more than a year. The second son, together with his daughter-in-law, contracted the sanitation of a hotel. The third son set up a grocery store in Dalian. Because he just started to open a store, he was not familiar with it. He bought fakes and was cheated. After more than two years, he lost 50,000 to 60,000 yuan. This year, he just started to turn around.

A scene in Agnès Varda’s gleaner (the picture has nothing to do with it)

Fang Zhenye’s story is only the corner of the joys and sorrows of countless scavengers in Henan Province, but it is also clearly marked by major social changes such as the detention and repatriation system and the reform of state-owned enterprises. The changes in urban-rural relations have shaped a major turning point in the life of scavengers.Fang Zhenye, who locates himself at the bottom of society,In fact, both IQ and EQ are extremely high. After years of hard work in the waste purchase market, you can accurately grasp the situation, analyze the market and make timely moves. What he lacks is just a little luck. In Henan, a region with a large population and scarce resources, there are many people with outstanding abilities, but they just lack opportunities. Occasionally, a few lucky people can achieve social mobility and get rid of the "bottom" label.

In this village of nearly 4,000 people where Fang Zhenye is located, among the 10 households with an annual income of more than 1 million (about 1% of all households in the village), 3 households started from scrap purchase, and now they run their own scrap purchase market; Of the more than 30 households (accounting for about 3% of all households in the village) with an annual income of 500-1 million, about 10 households are engaged in the work related to waste purchase, mainly engaged in waste processing or second-hand goods business, and some of them later switched from other industries to waste industry. That is to say, about a quarter of the nearly 50 households with the highest income of 5% in the village are engaged in waste-related work, accounting for about 1% in the village, and some of them did not start from the waste industry, but invested in the accumulation of other industries. Compared with that year, nearly 90% of the people in the village were involved in collecting waste products, but less than 1% completely changed their fate. The social mobility of scavengers is really difficult.

Even with high IQ and high EQ, such as Fang Zhenye, he survived the squeeze of the laid-off tide and avoided the impact of the economic crisis, but he still returned to the original point because of a serious illness of his family. Although all three sons grew up in urban communities, it is still difficult for them to stay in cities, and the hope of intergenerational mobility is still unknown.

(The name in the article is a pseudonym. )

CCTV News:　On 14th local time, the Federal Reserve opened a two-day monetary policy meeting, and will announce the resolution of the meeting on 15th. As the United States is facing the worst inflation situation in 40 years, the market’s expectation of the Fed’s aggressive interest rate hike is heating up. Many major banks and investment banks, such as JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo, generally expect that the Federal Reserve will announce a 75 basis point interest rate hike to curb inflation soaring again. This may also be the largest rate hike by the Federal Reserve since 1994.

In March this year, the Federal Reserve raised the target range of the federal funds rate by 25 basis points from the level close to zero, which started the tightening cycle to curb inflation. At the beginning of May, the Federal Reserve announced another 50 basis points interest rate hike, and hinted that it might raise interest rates by 50 basis points each time in June, July and September this year.
　　　　　　 More and more economists believe that the Fed takes more radical measures to deal with inflation, and the risk of the US economy falling into recession is rising.

The Fed’s last round of interest rate hikes and contraction caused heavy losses in emerging economies.

It is not alarmist for the Federal Reserve to harvest the world and consolidate American financial hegemony by raising interest rates.

The Federal Reserve started the last round of interest rate hike cycle in December 2015. By the end of 2018, the Federal Reserve raised interest rates nine times. During this period, the Fed also launched a plan to reduce its balance sheet to gradually withdraw from the loose monetary policy introduced after the financial crisis. Under the impact of the Fed’s continuous interest rate hike and table contraction, the liquidity of the US dollar continues to tighten around the world, and many emerging economies and some developing countries have experienced different degrees of local currency depreciation, capital outflows and economic setbacks.

In order to consider the interests of the United States and curb inflation, the Federal Reserve started a new round of interest rate hike cycle in December 2015, and raised interest rates four times in 2018, and the US dollar index rose sharply. At the same time, in October 2017, the Federal Reserve officially launched the table reduction plan to reduce its super-large balance sheet, and the market currency circulation decreased. The dual role of raising interest rates and shrinking the balance sheet has caused emerging market countries with high external financing needs to bear the brunt and suffer heavy losses.

In 2018, the exchange rate of Argentina’s national currency peso against the US dollar fell by 50.56%, and the inflation rate reached 47.6%, the highest in 27 years. In order to curb the devaluation of the peso, the Argentine government had to seek financial assistance from the International Monetary Fund. In June 2018, it finally reached a loan agreement of 50 billion US dollars to make up for the fiscal deficit and stabilize the exchange rate.

The Brazilian currency, the real, also continued to depreciate in 2018. Although the intervention of the Brazilian central bank led to a rapid decline in the exchange rate, it still failed to reverse the reality that the real depreciated by 20% against the US dollar.

Due to the massive outflow of capital and the deterioration of the balance of payments, the expectation of exchange rate depreciation continued to strengthen. In August 2018, there was a currency crisis in Turkey, and the lira exchange rate plummeted by more than 30%, which led to a slowdown in investment and consumption, and the prices of daily consumer goods and energy rose sharply.

Market analysts pointed out that when the quantitative easing monetary policy was implemented in the United States, a large amount of funds flowed to emerging market countries, which fostered local currency and asset bubbles to varying degrees. However, the Fed’s interest rate hike caused a large amount of funds to flow back to the United States, the global monetary tightening, and a large amount of funds from emerging market countries, which triggered exchange rate turmoil and even led to currency crisis or financial crisis. However, the "shrinking table" policy adopted by the United States is to "pump water" from the "reservoir" of the financial market. In the highly leveraged environment of the American financial system, its lethality is even greater, leading to the loss of investor confidence and the bursting of the financial asset bubble. Through these operations, the United States absorbs the high-quality assets of emerging economies, passes on its own crisis, and easily "shears wool".

　　Cctv newsOn October 9th, Hangzhou traffic police WeChat official issued a document entitled "Traffic Guide for the Asian Games: What to do after the Asian Games", which mentioned that from October 10th, Hangzhou will fully resume normal traffic management measures.

　　The full text is as follows:

　　Looking back on this Asian Games, we are delighted to find that all the trips have been successfully completed, the traffic safety of the games is on time, and the urban traffic is stable and orderly. The implementation of every Asian Games traffic organization benefits from everyone’s understanding, support and conscious compliance with the traffic adjustment measures.

　　Here, we would like to express our most sincere thanks to all the traffic participants who have made selfless dedication, enthusiastic care and strong support to help the Asian Games travel!

　　I sincerely thank the citizens for their tolerance and understanding. During this period, Hangzhou citizens worked together to overcome the inconvenience of temporary traffic control, chose public transportation and green and civilized travel with the greatest tolerance, deepest understanding, the most practical and strongest support, and cheered for the Asian Games athletes with practical actions, which became a powerful boost for the smooth operation of roads during the Asian Games.

　　I sincerely thank the volunteers for their persistence and dedication. During this time, volunteers have been busy on the road all day and night. Thousands of volunteers made selfless dedication and fully escorted, hand in hand to build a safety fence and "the most beautiful wall" for the crowd, and tried their best to help us do all the measures to ensure the safety of citizens’ travel.

　　I sincerely thank all sectors of society for their cooperation and support. During this period, many netizens supported the use of digital lanes for the Asian Games with practical actions. Many grassroots workers, journalists and other social parties work together to collect opinions and suggestions for us. They will speak out for positive energy at the first time, protect the city temperature with love, and accumulate traffic energy with tolerance.

　　During the Asian Games, bus and subway travel became the new normal, carpooling became the new trend, and commuting by bike became the new fashion … … In the wave of building the low-carbon life Asian Games, green travel has become a national action of public participation, co-construction and sharing. When the grand event comes to an end and the temporary traffic management measures during the Asian Games are over, we sincerely hope that this green wind will continue to blow all over Hang Cheng and make green travel another golden business card for Hang Cheng’s traffic.

　　From October 10th, Hangzhou will fully resume normal traffic management measures.Let’s review it together.

　　Passenger car traffic measures

　　For local (including Zhejiang A regional number plate) and foreign minibuses, the management measures of off-peak travel before the Asian Games will be continued, that is, the off-peak travel on ground roads will be suspended and the off-peak travel on expressways will remain unchanged, as follows:

　　Zhejiang A number plate restricts the road.

Time limit: 7:00-9:00 and 16:30-18:30 on weekdays.

Restriction rules: according to the way that the last Arabic digit of the number plate (including the temporary number plate) corresponds to the week, the number limit is 1 and 9 on Monday, 2 and 8 on Tuesday, 3 and 7 on Wednesday, 4 and 6 on Thursday and 5 and 0 on Friday.

　　Special reminder: October 10 is Tuesday, and the tail numbers 2 and 8 are restricted; Zhejiang a new energy license plate resumed its original policy.

　　Zhejiang A area number plate restricts roads

Time limit: 7:00-10:00 and 16:00-19:00 on weekdays.

Restriction rule: No traffic is allowed in the whole section.

　　Special reminder: try to choose ground roads during peak hours; The "Emergency Call" function of the Asian Games is closed.

　　Non-Zhejiang A-plate restricted roads

Time limit: 7:00-10:00 and 16:00-19:00 on weekdays.

Restriction rules: including non-Zhejiang A blue brand and new energy minibus, the whole section is forbidden to pass.

　　Special reminder: After 20: 00 on October 9, the "Urgent Call" system will be adjusted and restored before 0: 00 on October 10. The adjusted "Urgent Call" restores its original function: it is used to apply for non-Zhejiang A minibus to enter the restricted area during the morning and evening rush hours due to special circumstances such as medical treatment and work. You can apply in advance through the police uncle APP, Zheli Office and Alipay APP to search for keywords.

　　Freight car traffic measures

　　Non-Zhejiang A trucks, Zhejiang A yellow-card trucks and Zhejiang A blue-brand self-unloading trucks will resume pre-Asian Games management measures.

　　Special reminder: if it is really necessary to pass within the forbidden area, use the "freight navigation system" to report and pass according to the time and route specified by the cargo guide.

　　Know each other far and near, Wan Li is still a neighbor. The Asian Games in Hangzhou is ours, and it is the world’s. In the face of the upcoming Asian Paralympic Games, I hope that every citizen of Hangzhou will continue to maintain their cordial friendship, continue to play the spirit of "ownership", be tolerant and understanding, and cooperate and support them. Let’s light up the shining light, continue the excitement of the Asian Games, and go to a better tomorrow together!

　　Recently, Bai Yansong’s interview with Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, broadcast by the multi-language radio and television of the General Station and new media, has aroused great concern in the international media, including Russia, the United States, Germany, Britain, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Albania, Serbia, India, Turkey, Iran, Nigeria, Qatar, Pakistan, Indonesia, etc.

　　Among them, the relevant news materials compiled and distributed by the International Video News Agency of the reception desk were quoted by 29 TV stations in 17 countries and regions, including the news channel of all-Russian radio and television company, XHDTV TV station in the United States, Al Araby TV station in Britain, Club-RTL TV station in Belgium, RTL TV station in the Netherlands, RTL TV station in Luxembourg, SIC TV station in Portugal, independent TV station in Portugal, Spanish national TV station, SBS TV station in Australia, Al Jazeera TV station in Qatar and Astro Gorgeous TV station in Malaysia, with a total broadcast of 199 times. In addition, Hong Kong Wen Wei Po, Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao and other Chinese media have also been widely forwarded.

　　According to the report, the World Health Organization defined the epidemic as an international public health emergency on January 30, which was a warning to the world. Unfortunately, many countries did not pay attention to early warning, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths, which could have been avoided. Some people are accusing China of being the source of the epidemic, but the accusation is useless and untrue. What we really need to do is to calm down and cooperate with the China municipal government to understand the epidemic situation, so as to do everything possible to ensure that the epidemic situation will not come back. China himself did not want to see the outbreak of the epidemic, nor should he be responsible for it.

　　Mainstream national television stations have forwarded relevant reports.

　　XHDTV, American Spanish TV station: Horton said that many countries did not pay attention to the epidemic information obtained in January.

　　XHDTV, a Spanish television station in the United States, directly quoted Horton’s same period in the news material released by the International Video News Agency: "In the last week of January, we already knew about these situations, but most western countries, such as the United States, wasted the whole time in February and early March, which was a man-made tragedy in COVID-19. China doctors, scientists and world scientists cooperated, and we got this information in January, but other countries in the world did not pay attention to this information. "

　　British AI Araby TV: The editor-in-chief of The Lancet said that the world should work together to prevent and control the epidemic.

　　British Al Araby TV station quoted the news material released by the International Video News Agency as saying that China CCTV broadcasted an interview with Richard Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, and compared the differences between China and the United States in responding to the epidemic. Horton said: "China’s decision to block Wuhan shows that the China government has taken decisive action in the face of an emergency."

　　Spanish national television: The person in charge of The Lancet said that "the most important thing now is to work together to eliminate the virus threat."

　　The International Channel, News Channel and Channel 1 of Spanish national television released reports entitled "Interview with Editor-in-Chief of The Lancet: Regret that the virus dispute has turned into a political struggle" and "Editor-in-Chief of The Lancet: China’s scientific development has reached the world’s leading level" respectively. According to the report, the head of the famous British medical magazine The Lancet said that the most important thing now is to work together to eliminate the virus threat.

　　Spanish national television news channel (Canal 24 Horas)↓

　　TVE Internacional)↓

　　Portuguese Independent Television News Channel (TVI 24)

　　Portugal’s independent television news channel (TVI 24) quoted Horton’s same period in the news material released by the international video news agency: "Western countries think that this virus can spread among people and protect us after causing domestic group immunity, but in fact this is a serious misjudgment."

　　Portugal SIC TV integrated channel ↓

　　Australian SBS TV: The editor-in-chief of The Lancet said that "it is a pity that the virus battle has turned into a political struggle."

　　The head of The Lancet, a famous British medical journal, said that he regretted that countries such as China and the United States were having geopolitical discussions on coronavirus, and the most important thing now was to work together to eliminate the virus threat.

　　Russian Business Consulting Television (RBC TV) reported "The Lancet"〉Editor-in-Chief: Western countries pay little attention to the epidemic.

　　The news channel of all-Russian national television broadcasting corporation (Rossiya 24) directly quoted Horton’s same period in the news material released by the international video news agency: "China does not want to see the outbreak of the epidemic, nor should it be responsible for it. But things have happened. Doctors and scientists in China have made the most outstanding contributions. They have given advice to the government, treated patients and protected the lives of China citizens. Unfortunately, some people accuse China of being the source of the spread of the epidemic. In fact, the accusation is useless and not true. "

　　Iranian English News TV:Horton accused western countries of turning a blind eye.

　　Press TV quoted the news material published by the international video news agency as saying that Richard Horton, editor-in-chief of the medical magazine The Lancet, accused the western countries of turning a blind eye: "In the last week of January, we already knew about these situations, but most western countries, such as the United States, wasted the whole February and early March, which is a man-made tragedy." Horton praised China’s response to the epidemic, saying that it has done better than other countries. Horton believes that China’s rapid and decisive response is due to the experience of SARS, and that China has the scientific strength and medical ability to deal with the epidemic.

　　

　　Belgium Club-RTL/Kidz-RTL TV Station ↓

　　Dutch RTL 5 TV station ↓

　　Luxembourg RTL TV ↓

　　Al Jazeera Balkans)↓

　　Astro Wah Lai Toi, Malaysia & Darr;

　　Newspapers, websites, radio stations and other media in mainstream countries have also reported on the interview.

　　Russian media:"Virus conspiracy theory" is ridiculous.

　　The Russian newspaper, the organ of the Russian state government, published a report entitled "Richard Horton said that the conspiracy theory on the origin of the virus is ridiculous". According to the report, in response to rumors such as "virus conspiracy theory", Horton said that these statements are very ridiculous, but we should also pay attention to them. The "virus conspiracy theory" is not good for fighting the epidemic. We must understand the origin of the virus and study it with a scientific attitude.

　　Newsvideo, a mainstream Russian news website, published reports entitled "Horton, Editor-in-Chief of The Lancet: China’s scientific development SARS reached the leading level in the world" and "Horton, Editor-in-Chief of The Lancet: China’s experience is to make quick and decisive decisions". According to the report, doctors and scientists in China have made the most outstanding contributions, and leaders of some countries criticized China, which is unfair and wrong. We should thank doctors and scientists in China for fighting the epidemic. "

　　The German website of European Times published a report entitled "Covid-19: Editor-in-Chief The Lancet criticizes conspiracy theories".

　　It is reported that Dr Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, a British medical journal, criticized the conspiracy theory against COVID-19 virus. In a video conversation with CCTV, Horton called the "virus conspiracy theory" ridiculous. We must understand the origin of the virus and study it with a scientific attitude, and we must not let such conspiracy theories disturb our thinking. The negative impact caused by such conspiracy theories is very serious.

　　Italian Daily: "The Lancet"〉The editor-in-chief accepted an exclusive interview: Thanks to China’s efforts in fighting the epidemic, international cooperation is crucial.

　　The article quoted Horton’s statement in an interview with the main station. Horton said that the decision made by the China government in the face of the epidemic emergency was very decisive, giving the world time to respond, and we should thank China for this. He pointed out that some people accused China of being the source of the epidemic, which was useless and untrue. In recent months, the whole world has been fighting against two kinds of epidemics, one caused by viruses and the other by false information. Finally, he stressed that the most important thing to deal with the epidemic is the cooperation among countries. We need to join hands with our Chinese colleagues to invest in global medical scientific research, which is a very important goal after the epidemic.

　　Japanese media: Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, refuted "conspiracy theory of virus origin" and "responsibility theory"

　　On May 2nd, Record China, the largest Japanese China information portal, published an article entitled "Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, refutes" conspiracy theory on the origin of virus "and" responsibility theory ". According to the report, Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, said that it is useless and untrue to accuse China of being the source of the epidemic, and China has many experiences worth learning from the world.

　　The Japanese video portal "Oricon" published an article entitled "The editor-in-chief of" The Lancet "thinks that the epidemic discussion should not be regarded as a part of geopolitical struggle". According to the report, Horton said that the COVID-19 epidemic is a common problem faced by mankind and should not be regarded as a part of geopolitical struggle.

　　South Korea’s "Asian Economy" website: Richard Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, responds to "conspiracy theory of virus origin" and "responsibility theory"

　　The report quoted Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, as saying in an interview that the China government decided to block Wuhan in the face of an emergency. By blocking Wuhan, China allowed the world time to deal with the epidemic, which was not only the right decision, but also showed other countries how to deal with the urgent threat of the epidemic. We should thank China for its efforts in fighting the epidemic in Wuhan.

　　Official website RTSH, Albanian National Radio and Television Station: On the Origin of China’s Counterattack Virus.

　　The report focuses on Horton’s opposition to "the theory of virus origin" and "the theory of China’s responsibility" and his support for experts and medical workers in China, and emphasizes that the world should thank China for its positive actions and support China to make more cooperative voices in its post-epidemic work.

　　Indian media:The "conspiracy theory of virus origin" is untenable.

　　On May 3rd, official website, a mainstream Indian newspaper, forwarded a report entitled "The conspiracy theory of virus origin is untenable" by the Hindi Department of the reception desk. Richard Horton, editor-in-chief of the internationally renowned medical magazine The Lancet, said in an interview with the reception desk that "the conspiracy theory of virus origin" and "the responsibility theory" were nonsense and totally untenable.

　　Horton was quoted as saying that China’s blockade of Wuhan gave the rest of the world time to respond to the COVID-19 epidemic. Therefore, we should thank China for its efforts to fight the epidemic. However, the behavior of some western politicians is disappointing. They not only spread the "conspiracy theory of virus origin", but also criticize other countries or organizations without foundation. We should thank the doctors and scientists in China who fought the epidemic. Facing the epidemic, the international community should unite and cooperate.

　　The website of Daily Bells, the mainstream Tamil media in India, reported that the editor-in-chief of The Lancet said that a scientific investigation should be conducted on the origin of the virus.

　　Indian WION News Channel reported that Richard Horton, editor-in-chief of British medical magazine The Lancet, said that western countries ignored the warning of Covid-19 pandemic issued as early as January.

　　Kazakhstan’s national economic weekly, Kazakhstan Industrial News: The Lancet’s editor-in-chief accepts an exclusive interview with Bai Yansong; Richard Horton: The conspiracy theory on the origin of the virus is ridiculous.

　　Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, said that doctors and scientists in the United States have done a very good job in dealing with the epidemic, but what disappointed him was American politicians, who advocated conspiracy theories, supported some treatments without clear evidence, and publicly criticized other countries or organizations.

　　Turkish Economic Observer Network: Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, called conspiracy theories related to the source of the virus ridiculous.

　　According to the report, Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, pointed out that the decision of the China government to "blockade" Wuhan was very decisive in the face of an emergency. By "blocking" Wuhan, China has given countries around the world time to deal with the epidemic. This is not only the right decision, but also shows other countries how to deal with the urgent threat of the epidemic. Horton believes that China should be thanked for its efforts in fighting the epidemic.

　　At present, there are some people in the world who accuse China of being the source of the COVID-19 epidemic. Horton said that this accusation is useless and untrue. What we really need to do is to calm down and cooperate with the government of China, and do everything possible to ensure that the epidemic will not come back. China doesn’t want to see the outbreak, and it shouldn’t be responsible for it.

　　Iranian media: "lancet》The editor-in-chief called the conspiracy theory about the origin of the virus ridiculous.

　　Iranian Tasneem News Agency reported "Editor-in-Chief of The Lancet Medical Journal: Some American politicians’ remarks about COVID-19 are disappointing". According to the report, the "virus conspiracy theory" is unfavorable to the fight against the epidemic. We must understand the origin of the virus and study it with a scientific attitude.

　　Iranian mainstream media "Global Online" website published a report "Editor-in-Chief of The Lancet: The conspiracy theory about the origin of the virus is ridiculous".

　　Nigerian Hausa newspaper Leader: Richard Horton: Conspiracy theories about Covid-19 should not be spread.

　　On May 1st, Richard Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, a top international medical journal, accepted an exclusive interview with CCTV to respond to public concerns. In response to rumors such as "virus conspiracy theory", Horton said that these statements are very ridiculous. "Virus conspiracy theory" is not good for fighting the epidemic, and the negative impact caused by this conspiracy theory is very serious.

　　Regarding the remarks made by some politicians in the United States, Horton said that he greatly appreciated the scientific and medical development level in the United States, but he was disappointed by American politicians, who advocated conspiracy theories, supported some treatments without conclusive evidence, and publicly criticized other countries or organizations. This practice is useless. What we should do is to strengthen cooperation to deal with the challenges brought by the epidemic. Dividing countries and people cannot effectively deal with this threat facing all mankind.

　　In addition, Serbian Newsweek magazine, Pakistan’s FM98 China-Pakistan Friendship Network, Indonesia’s Elsinda Radio, Nepal’s Urban Online Network, Arabic News Network under North Macedonia’s ATV Media Group, Myanmar’s online media Opinion Leaders and other overseas mainstream media also forwarded the relevant reports of the reception desk.

　　Serbian mainstream media Nedeljnik)↓

　　Pakistan FM98 China-Pakistan Friendship Network Report ↓

　　IndiaRadio Elsinda, the largest private radio station in Nigeria, reported ↓

　　The Arabic news network Lajm, a subsidiary of North Macedonia ATV Media Group, reports ↓

　　Myanmar online media Opinion Leaders report ↓

　　Nepal Urban Online Network Report ↓

　　Interview with Bai Yansong in Hong Kong Media ReportHorton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet

　　Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao, Wen Wei Po, Hong Kong News, Phoenix Satellite TV Chinese Channel, Wireless News Channel, Cable News Channel, Hong Kong Wireless Financial Information Channel, Point News, Hong Kong people’s port and Hong Kong 01 and other media have also quoted CCTV Bai Yansong to interview Horton, editor-in-chief of The Lancet.

　　Ta Kung Pao: The editor-in-chief of The Lancet, "The virus conspiracy theory is untrue and blames China for being unreasonable" ↓

　　Wen Wei Po: Editor-in-Chief of The Lancet, "Europe and the United States ignore WHO’s early warning and cause man-made disasters" ↓

　　Hong Kong Cable News reported ↓

　　Hong Kong Radio News: The editor-in-chief of The Lancet said that China was not responsible for the outbreak and should find out the source and host of the virus ↓

　　The letter:The Lancet.Editor-in-Chief "China is not responsible for the outbreak"↓

　　Click on the news:The Lancet.Editor-in-Chief: It is useless and untrue to accuse China of being the source of the virus.↓

　　Hong Kong people and places: [fair comment]The Lancet.The editorial pointed out that many countries were not ready to deal with the new pneumonia epidemic and called for learning from China.↓

　　Hong kong 01:The Lancet.Editor-in-Chief: It is useless and untrue to accuse China of being the source of virus transmission.↓

　　Phoenix Chinese Channel↓

　　China Hongkong Cable Broadband News Channel (iCable News Channel)↓

　　Hong Kong Radio News (TVB News)↓

　　Hong Kong TVB Pearl↓

　　Hong kong wireless financial information station (TVB Finance)↓

?Editor’s　Note:

Novel coronavirus is spreading around the world at an alarming rate, but we should not be surprised. Globalization has brought systemic risks. As the links between trade, finance, tourism, internet and other fields become closer and larger, they also become more complex and unstable.

Edward Lorenz, the father of chaos theory, pointed out that a butterfly flapping its wings over Brazil may trigger a tornado in Texas, USA. The increasingly integrated and complicated global economy makes it more vulnerable to the consequences of "Butterfly Defect". For example, major airport hubs are powerful promoters of the positive effects of globalization, but they are also powerful communicators of the negative effects of globalization, and one of the "public hazards" they spread is epidemic diseases.

The PUP author from Oxford University, who is to be introduced to you today, warned governments in a book published six years ago that the systemic risks brought by globalization would threaten all of us, and the next global crisis would probably stem from the widespread epidemic of a disease.

The extensive connection of people leads to health risks

The density and intensity of contact between people and between people and animals are the decisive factors for the development and spread of epidemic diseases. In 1967, Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment to quantify global connectivity. He found that people can meet any stranger through at most six people.

In 2011, Facebook analyzed its 721 million users worldwide, trying to find out how many steps it takes to establish contact between any two people. It turns out that even though users are separated by thousands of miles, any two users only need 4.7 "friends" on average to be connected.

Population growth and the expansion of travel scope, coupled with the intentional or unintentional transshipment of animals (mice on board or mosquitoes on the plane), have rapidly increased the risk of epidemic spread. As we saw in the SARS epidemic in 2003, a toxic pathogen usually only needs short contact to infect someone and spread it. This makes airplanes and international travel become vectors of disease transmission.

High concentration of people raises health risks.

In 2025, the proportion of urban population in the world is expected to rise to 70%. The population density in Tokyo is as high as 5,847 people per square kilometer, and one in every 25 people lives in a mega-city, so it is necessary to "monitor, prepare and respond to infectious diseases". This practice is very important everywhere, especially in places with high population density and poor sanitary conditions, places where people are in close contact with animals, and places where water sources are easily polluted.

The risk of agglomeration will also amplify the connectivity risk within urban agglomerations and around the world, especially because major airport hubs are often located next to these cities. If an infectious disease originated in a metropolis, it is almost impossible to stop it from spreading around the world. Large cities are also usually inhabited by floating population and businessmen connected with other continents.

Gossip and Panic —— Information Management in Epidemic Prevention and Control

Now, all kinds of information and rumors can spread almost instantaneously through the Internet and social media. With this ability, the risk of panic related to infectious diseases has also increased dramatically, which has doubled the complexity of epidemic management.

Information management is essential, because panic may systematically aggravate the danger of the epidemic: during the epidemic prevention and control period, the government needs to control the flow of people and drugs, and if people frantically buy and hoard drugs, masks and other materials out of panic at this time, many important services will be greatly affected by people’s reaction.

When trying to prevent large-scale panic, governments may also choose to suppress some important information. In the social network of the financial world, there is evidence that "individual decision makers usually pay attention to the behaviors, decisions and even beliefs of others who have social contact with them (such as the perception of risks)." It is in this sense that innovation and technology also increase the risk of infectious diseases; In addition to tangible channels of transmission, we also need to be aware of the existence of risks related to "social" infection.

Another challenge comes from the management of the dissemination of sensitive research information. For example, the debate revolves around the US government’s decision to ask the major scientific journals Nature and Science to suspend publishing research on the evolution of H5N1 influenza virus. According to Medical News Today, although these studies were finally published, they were "shelved because the international community was worried that making these data public would make it easier for terrorists to make chemical and biological weapons".

PUP content express:

The Butterfly Defect:　

How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do about It

　

Author: Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan

Publication date: October 20, 2015 (paperback edition)

ISBN:　9780691168425

Highlights of the book

The Butterfly Defect emphasizes the widening gap between the new systemic risks arising from globalization and its effective management. This book shows that the turbocharged globalization power has the potential and power to undermine the stability of our society. Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan borrowed the latest insights from various disciplines and provided practical guidance for governments, enterprises and individuals on how to better cope with globalization and its risks.

Goldin and Mariathasan proved that systemic risk problems are now ubiquitous in supply chain, epidemic, infrastructure, ecology and climate change, economy and politics. Unless we solve these problems, they will lead to greater protectionism, xenophobia, nationalism, and inevitable de-globalization, increased inequality, conflicts and slower development.

The Butterfly Defect shows that in an interconnected world, reducing uncertainty and risk is an important task for our future development.

About the author:

Ian Goldin & Mike Mariathasan

　

Ian Goldin

Dean of Martin College, Oxford University, UK, Professor of Globalization and International Development Department, Oxford University.

Mike Mariathasan

Assistant Professor, Department of Finance, University of Leuven, Belgium

A father’s big hand is a child’s most powerful support. Reporter Qiao Junwei photo

　　Lao Dou, I love you in my heart!

　　Today is Father’s Day, but in the parent-child relationship in Chinese, few children express their love and gratitude to their father in person. According to the survey of Dayang. com, 91.5% people have never said "I love you" to their father’s face!

　　However, in the Father’s Day warm blessing launched by this newspaper yesterday, more than 70 children boldly expressed their feelings through newspapers, telling their fathers: "Dad, I love you!"

　　Yesterday, several fathers and children of different ages were interviewed by reporters, telling the feelings of father and son (daughter) in their hearts: the intimacy between father and son (daughter) when children were young; Adolescence challenges and rebelles against father’s authority; Gradually understand and accept the father after adulthood; After middle age, I empathized with my father … Every story is sincere and touching.

　　Our reporters Huang Rongfang and Shi Shanwei

　　Dad, I want to tell you

　　Silent love always has some regrets.

　　Nini is a 6-year-old first-year student

　　"I often say,’ Dad, I love you’"

　　My father is very strong. Therefore, he hugged me when I was a child, because my mother was weak! Grandma said that when I was a child, my father always took me to sleep at night because my mother worked the night shift. I always wake up in the middle of the night to eat milk, go to the balcony to see the scenery and go downstairs to play. My father makes milk powder for me every night and plays with me in the middle of the night. Grandma said that at that time, my father shook me while sleeping with his eyes closed! Because he is so sleepy!

　　Dad loves telling jokes and has many ideas, so I like playing games with him very much. When I am unhappy, he will say, "I will count to three, and you will definitely laugh!" " However, before counting, he always deliberately said, "Keep your mouth shut! Keep your face tight! I’m going to count! Get ready … "As a result, I can’t help laughing before he starts counting.

　　Now, my father is more and more strict with me. He doesn’t like me crying. Sometimes I dawdle and don’t do my homework, and he will yell at me. Dad always said that my mother spoiled me too much, saying that loving mothers often failed.

　　Unlike mom, dad always says, "Baby, I love you so much!" " He doesn’t say such disgusting things very much. He sometimes calls me by my first name instead of my nickname. However, I still feel that he loves me very much Therefore, I will often say to him: "Dad, I love you!" "

　　Iowa is a 16-year-old junior high school student.

　　"My father and I basically have no intersection."

　　My father is in the clothing business in Hengjiao, Baiyun District. He does his business and I go to my school. They are irrelevant. I was introverted since I was a child, and I didn’t like to talk. My grades in primary school were average. Dad’s discipline for me is in the primary school stage, and I have a few words of praise for my good grades; If you don’t do well in the exam, beat you with a stick.

　　When I was in the fifth and sixth grade of primary school, my father began to be indifferent to my grades. Every time he finished the exam, he would only ask, "Did you do well in the exam?" Every time I answer "average", he doesn’t bother to ask. Since junior high school, I have been at the bottom of my class in every exam.

　　Because of my poor grades, my father never held out much hope for me. Now that the senior high school entrance examination is over, I did badly in the exam again. Anyway, there is no hope of attending high school. Dad has planned for me to go to a technical school and major in business English. He said he could do clothing business with him in the future after he graduated from English. Since he has made a decision for me, I don’t have any complaints, so I just chose a technical school in Liwan District and started school in two months. Unfortunately, you can’t live on campus then, but you have to live with your parents.

　　In fact, I know that my father, like my mother, is very kind to me. He remembers my birthday every year and cooks a delicious table every time. When I was in the fifth grade, my father bought me a computer for 8000 yuan. But I don’t think he cares about me, and I seldom talk to him if I’m okay. There is basically no intersection between us.

　　Mr. Zhang is a 45-year-old civil servant

　　"Never let the other person know his inner love."

　　It was only after I became a father that I gradually understood my father, who I had never understood before, and I became more tolerant of my father. But my father is depressed now, and he is clamoring to go to a nursing home, which makes me very sad.

　　When I was young, I always thought that my father was nothing, and even looked down on him, thinking that he had worked all his life and had never made it. It was not until I was middle-aged and had the burden of life that I slowly accepted my ordinary father. I began to ask for his advice on things I had never discussed with him before.

　　A few years ago, my mother died of illness, and my 75-year-old father was like a different person, always losing his temper with his family. When he is alone at home, he drinks to relieve boredom, and he doesn’t drink much. When he drinks a little, he gets drunk, and when he is drunk, he swears everywhere.

　　Last month, my father went to Guangzhou Friendship Apartment for the Aged to see a friend. He saw many old people playing mahjong together, talking and laughing. When he got home, he told me that he would move in. I didn’t agree at first, but when I persuaded him, he got angry and had a "cold war" with our family. Finally, I had to give in and send him to an apartment for the elderly.

　　On the way to send my father to the nursing home, I remembered that when I was still at school, my father sent me to live on campus, and my heart was very unpleasant. I know that my father has always loved us, and we certainly love him. However, we never seem to let each other know this.

　　No matter how busy you are, there must be room for family ties.

　　In the interview, the reporter found that the childhood of children is the golden period of close communication with their fathers. Children at this stage, both men and women, worship and are close to their fathers; The period when the relationship with the father "deteriorates" is the child’s adolescence. At this stage, the children who enter the rebellious period turn from worship to disappointment, and because the father’s discipline of the children is relatively strict than that of the childhood, many children will even have resentment, especially the adolescent son is more likely to "turn against" his father; What is intriguing is that when children are adults, especially when they are parents themselves, their relationship with their fathers will mostly "warm up", and they will gradually understand the hardships and hardships of being parents. When they are in middle age, when they also encounter their children’s adolescence and career setbacks, they will understand their fathers’ feelings in those years and will tolerate and even protect their elderly fathers.

　　Li Ben, an associate researcher at the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, said that in fact, there is also a "magnetic field" between father and child. "No matter how busy you are, you must leave room for your family." Li said that a warm home can increase a person’s happiness.

　　Son, I want to tell you

　　I hope you always stare at your mobile phone on the phone.

　　Zuo Haoming is 34 years old and the daughter of a company employee is 5 years old.

　　Education is too utilitarian and forgets the communication of the heart.

　　Man is really a strange animal. When your daughter is still in your wife’s belly, what you expect every day is that she can be born healthily and safely. Once your daughter is born smoothly, your biggest concern is that she is smarter than others. As soon as my daughter was full moon, I held her all over the community to play: watch the sunrise and sunset, count the stars to distinguish the moon, divide it into east, west, north and south, climb Baiyun Mountain in heavy rain, swim in the open-air swimming pool against the north wind, and even borrow a fallen leaf and a hydrogen balloon to make up stories for my daughter …

　　As my daughter grew up, I found that the magic of "education" diminished, and my daughter even refused to play with me. Because she doesn’t think it’s fun to be with me. I gradually realized that what my daughter wants most is for me to play and be crazy with her. I pay too much attention to "education" but forget the importance of communication. What is the difference between this and my parents? Looks like I’m not immune either.

　　Wen Tianpeng (pseudonym as required) 46-year-old civil servant’s son is 16 years old.

　　Beat him and scold him, but my heart ached.

　　In fact, in the process of raising my son, I worked as hard as his mother. When my son was a child, I was omnipotent in his mind, and he adored me.

　　My position in my son’s heart has been shaken since he was in the second day of junior high school. He laughed at me for being old-fashioned and complained that I was useless, saying that his classmate’s father had been promoted to director, and I was still a small chief clerk. He surfed the Internet, played truant and fought. I asked him why, but I wouldn’t understand what he said. Maybe too many things go wrong, and my temper is getting worse and worse. Isn’t it true that menopausal fathers are often incompatible with their adolescent sons? We are now. I often scold him, and sometimes I can’t help hitting him. He is also stubborn. He was scolded and went his own way. Looking at his wronged and hateful eyes, my heart ached.

　　Xie Zhiping 75-year-old retiree’s eldest son is 45 years old.

　　I just want to hear my son’s voice.

　　In the past, I was the secretary of the Party Committee in the factory, and I was an "authority" whether in the factory or at home. At that time, because of my busy work, I had little communication with my three sons, so I asked my wife to tell them everything.

　　Things changed from the year I retired. At that time, the two sons had formed a family, and the younger son got married and moved away in the third year of my retirement. I feel empty. A few years later, my wife passed away. Now only on holidays will my children and grandchildren come to see me. I used to be tough, but now I am extremely dependent on my son. If the faucet is broken, I will call my son to fix it. Even if I want to change my hairstyle, I will ask one by one. Actually, I just want to see them and hear their voices. I often stare at my mobile phone in a daze. Sometimes, when my son calls, I am happier than the holidays.

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