Most people don’t know about the scavengers. In fact, in reality, a large number of garbage cleaners living in urban gaps are not homogeneous groups, and their internal division of labor and stratification have already formed. A large number of scavengers still have the expectation of gradual accumulation and upward mobility. However, despite the existence of opportunities for social mobility, they are also very fragile. A natural and man-made disaster is enough to bring their decades of struggle back to the original point.

In a village in south-central Henan province, we have repeatedly heard that most people in the village and surrounding areas have gone out to collect waste products, and some villagers have made a fortune by collecting waste products, so we asked the village cadres to introduce a villager who has been scavenging for a long time and knows the whole waste purchasing industry. This is how we met Fang Zhenye. The 65-year-old Fang Zhenye started scavenging in the 1980s, and worked in the waste industry until 2010. In the past 30 years, he went from scavenging and collecting waste at a fixed point to running a waste collection station step by step, and every step was deeply branded with the change of urban-rural relations.

(A) missed the opportunity for development and embarked on the road of scavenging

Fang Zhenye is small and thin, but his eyes are alert, he is good at talking, and his expression is clear, his logic is strong, and he is not lacking in literary talent. It can be seen that he has a solid foundation in reading when he was young.

He graduated from junior high school in 1970, and then worked as a farmer at home for one or two years. He joined the army in the second half of 1972 and worked as a soldier in Chengdu for four years. In 1975, he became the first batch of party member to join the Party, and soon became the monitor. In the fourth year of the army, he joined the cadre teaching team with excellent performance. This means that being trained with emphasis is very likely to stay in the army in the future, with broad prospects, but it has lost the opportunity by mistake. Fang Zhenye’s fiancee was not at ease at that time, fearing that she would not want to be herself after her high level, so she went to Fang Zhen’s industrial home. Unexpectedly, she just got sick there and sent a telegram to him at home, so the army asked her to treat her. Fang Zhenye was in the coaching team at that time, and was talked to by his superiors. What the army meant was that Fang Zhenye’s lover was sick and would be a drag in the future, so he could not be trained any more. He missed the development opportunity, retired and returned home.

In 1977, after returning home, Fang Zhenye continued to farm until 1985, when he began to go out to pick up rubbish. One of the main reasons for his going out is to avoid the fine of family planning. He was fined 120 yuan that year because of his super-life. Because of his limited agricultural income, he couldn’t pay the fine, so he had to find a way to hide out.

At first, Fang Zhenye, who had just returned from the army, could not pull his face down to collect junk. However, for the sake of the family’s life, he had to put down his figure and embark on this road without too high cost. He said that at that time, in order to avoid the embarrassment of meeting acquaintances, he pulled a rickshaw out early every morning and went home until he could not see anyone at night. In this way, I secretly scavenged from 1985 to 1992. At that time, the income of scavenging was 5 yuan a day, much higher than the salaries of teachers and village cadres, and the local people’s views gradually changed. By this time, 50% of the villagers had devoted themselves to scavenging.

(2) Going out to pick up rubbish: being taken in for deportation.

In order to check the scrap market, Fang Zhenye lived in Anyang’s younger brother’s house for ten days in 1992. His brother is a college student and his sister-in-law is the head nurse. After living in his brother’s house for ten days, he felt very uncomfortable. He was afraid of being looked down upon by his brother, especially his sister-in-law, so he finally gave up Anyang and went to Luoyang with his relatives in a rage. After staying in Luoyang for three months, he collected waste products wholeheartedly. Fang Zhenye said that he was not so ashamed at that time. After returning from Luoyang, he stayed at home for more than 20 days, found five or six relatives with the same temper, and went to Dalian together. Dalian is a main battlefield for many local villagers to collect waste products. Until now, some villagers still do waste products business in Dalian.

Fang Zhenye’s memory of Dalian is not good. He said, "Dalian people and Henan people have different personalities, and they are violent, especially those who pick up junk." During his stay in Dalian, he was often injured, as were several people who went with him. After staying in Dalian for about half a year, five or six people who went with him came back one after another, and Fang Zhenye himself came back. During his six months in Dalian, Fang Zhenye was taken in for three times. Generally, the police station is involved in the management. When you arrive at the police station, you will be beaten first, and then you will be sent to the detention and repatriation station overnight at most. Before you send it, you must make a statement that you will never accept waste again and will never be here again. Then the detention and repatriation station will use the money of the deported people to buy train tickets and send them to the train. Only when the train starts will the person in charge of repatriation leave. Fang Zhen escaped from the shelter twice, once was sent home, stayed for five days and went to Dalian. The reason why they want to escape is that they can’t go to their residence to get their luggage and certificates when they are caught in the police station and sent directly from the police station to the detention and repatriation station. The first two times, because someone paid for bail, it usually takes 500-600 yuan to get bail; At that time, the income from collecting waste products was only 200-300 yuan a month. "If you come out for a month or two and get caught again, it will be finished." The third time, they were sent back because Dalian wanted to clean up the foreign population. Fang Zhenye said that his ID card and discharge certificate were lost this time, not to mention money and clothes. Fang Zhenye was very angry because he lost his discharge certificate, because it could not be reissued.Later, when he received the retirement allowance, he did not have a retirement certificate and was not recognized. Being repatriated, Fang Zhenye had no choice but to return to his hometown.

Fang Zhenye mentioned that at that time, some people in the village went out to work, and every year when they came back during the Spring Festival, people got together to discuss what they could do to make money. He said, "(At that time) officials earned more than 100 yuan a month, village cadres and primary school teachers earned a few dollars a month, and garbage collectors earned 500 yuan a month, making more money than county heads." Under such circumstances, after discussion, everyone still feels that it is more reliable to collect waste products. "After coming back (from Dalian), I was tempted by money and wanted to go, but I was afraid." At this time, Fang Zhenye’s lover discussed with her husband that she went to Dalian to collect waste products, and her husband took care of the children and cultivated the land at home. She thought, "When a woman is outside, people will have some sympathy, at least not being beaten." In this way, his wife went to Dalian and collected waste products in Dalian for nearly a year until Fang Zhenye was introduced to Beijing through another relative. In 1994, Fang Zhenye and his wife went to Beijing with their 17-year-old son. Since then, from 1994 to 2011, Fang Zhen’s family has been collecting waste products in Beijing. Despite the difficulties, relying on his hard work, luck and intelligence, Fang Zhenye opened up a situation in Beijing and experienced many twists and turns.

(3) The golden age of scavengers: "If you can pick up junk for three years, you will not give it to a county magistrate."

When I first arrived in Beijing, it was difficult to find a stable place to stay. At that time, for the sake of safety, the neighborhood Committee refused to let waste collectors in. Fang Zhenye managed to find a community to help the community clean up and take care of bicycles for free. They start cleaning at 3: 00 a.m. every day. By 7: 00 a.m. before breakfast, the day’s cleaning work has been finished. During the day, they collect waste products without wasting time. From 1994 to 1995, it took a year or so for Fang Zhenye’s family to be gradually recognized by the community and basically settled down from 1995.

When Fang Zhenye’s family first arrived in this community, they were careful everywhere and spent a lot of time on building good relations with the residents of the community. During the wheat harvest season in 1994, Fang Zhenye didn’t let his eldest son go back to his hometown to harvest with him, let him stay in that community to continue his work, and specially told his son not to be too busy collecting waste products and to do a good job for others. The eldest son is sensible, does a good job, and looks likable. The old lady in the neighborhood Committee likes this child, so Fang Zhenye and his family live in the community, and the waste products are also given to them directly. For Fang Zhenye’s family to live in, the neighborhood committee cleared out the small house where the garbage truck used to be, and built another shed to store the garbage truck. So this small house of about 8 square meters became the residence of Fang Zhenye’s family, and they lived there for ten years. Fang Zhenye said, "All my three sons grew up in that community."

Fang Zhenye told his son that he must have a good relationship with people. "We are at the bottom, and people are superior. Standing in front of people, people are too dirty. How can we have contact with people? I can only help people. " Fang Zhenye’s neighborhood is the family building of the municipal party committee. He said, "The heads of all units are there, the director, the manager and the manager. Officials have a characteristic: they are willing to pay, but unwilling to contribute. He didn’t take the flowerpot, rice and a few pounds of things, so let’s take them. We have sent more (times), and when he comes down from upstairs, there will be waste or food. If we are not here, they will put the food directly on our booth. " Fang Zhenye said that at that time, half of their food was sent by residents. For him, this solved their big problem. Several sons are big boys, and they can’t cook, and they can’t cook where they live.

There are about 1000 households in this community. The waste products that Fang Zhenye collected and sold at that time ranged from paper, cartons and cans to waste plastics, scrap copper and iron. At that time, they can easily get a net income of two or three hundred yuan a month. If they are lucky, their net income can be five or six hundred yuan a month. Therefore, in the mid-1990s, there was a popular saying in Henan, "You can pick up rags for three years and give them to a county magistrate." The peak of the whole waste purchasing industry was from 1994 to 2000. In the early 1990s, the income from collecting waste products was 200-300 yuan per month, and in the mid-1990s, it reached 400-500 yuan per month. At the same time, the monthly salary of a secretary of a township party committee was only over 100 yuan, and that of a teacher was only a few dollars.

From the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, there were two main ways to collect waste products. One is not fixed, commonly known as "garbage pickers". These people carry a bag with a stick and walk around the streets. Such people account for the majority of the people who collect waste products. The other is to collect waste products at fixed points, which must be recognized by neighborhood committees and residents. The number is very small, and Fang Zhenye belongs to this category.

Fang Zhenye explained that although he started to buy in the community in 1995, he completely occupied the community after 1997. In the second half of 1997, Fang Zhen returned to his hometown to build a house. When he returned to Beijing in 1998, it was no longer an open community, and all communities were fenced off. During this period, because it is easy to make money by collecting waste products, people from all walks of life collect them. "The more people collect, the more things there are, and the less income there is. Young people with brains have begun to take crooked ways and steal. " Fang Zhenye said that the construction of a closed residential area was planned by Beijing in a unified way, and the house in his residential area and security room was built by his father and son. From the beginning of building a closed community, it became possible for a community to be contracted by one or two, and then it gradually evolved into a later type of waste acquisition-"package community" to collect waste.

As for Zhenye, although his community was closed in 1997, at that time he still cleaned the community for free in exchange for not paying the contract fee. However, by around 2000, residents began to realize that all waste collectors were rich, and some residents suggested, "Don’t look at junk collectors, they are rich, and they have to bleed." Fang Zhenye said, "At first, residents regarded waste collectors as beggars, but they were woken up at night and closed the windows." Later, it was found that it was not easy to collect waste products, and it was also interesting to sell waste products (for us). We were not allowed to collect sanitation at night, and we could not collect sanitation before 5 am. " From then on, people who collect waste products at fixed points like Fang Zhenye began to pay a certain contract fee to the neighborhood committee.

The change of the status of scavengers is actually hidden in the anxiety of urban people caused by social stratification. Scavengers originally lived in the gap of the city and were sympathized by the city people. However, with the changes in the city in the 1990s and the rising income of scavengers, they began to become a threat to the urban middle class with increasingly unstable status and uncertain future.

(four) the restructuring of state-owned enterprises, laid-off workers and the expulsion of scavengers

After 2000, another more important change has taken place in the waste collection industry, because at this time, a large number of urban workers were laid off due to the restructuring of state-owned enterprises, making urban cleaning an important channel for the employment placement of "4050 personnel", and the scavengers who had existed in the urban gap must make way at this time. For the other zhenye, the change began with the change of the neighborhood Committee. Since 2001, college students have started to work in neighborhood committees, while old ladies who used to work in neighborhood committees have to retire if they are over 55 years old. After six months’ training in street offices, college students who have just graduated from university will go to work in neighborhood committees. Around 2004, the director and deputy director of the neighborhood Committee who had been dealing with Fang Zhenye for many years were replaced. In less than three months, things changed.

One day, the new college student director came to talk to Fang Zhenye about the new policy of the community. When talking about this, Fang Zhenye pondered for a long time before he thought of the word that made him very headache at that time: "standard". He said, "I can’t even hear the word, and my head is big when I hear it." The director of the neighborhood Committee came to express two meanings. First, the community work should be "standardized" now, and booth fees should be charged for those who collect waste products; To clean up the sanitation, a special cleaning company should be set up, and it should be cleaned in a fixed period of time during the day. "Even if it is cleaned up before 7 o’clock in the morning, the leaves will come down again when it is windy during the day. Let the residents see the cleaning staff cleaning up. If you collect sanitation at night, the residents will only see that you are collecting waste. " Second, if there are unemployed people in this community who can’t find jobs, they should replace the original cleaning staff and give priority to the unemployed people in this community. Fang Zhenye said, "What community college students explain is that’ cleaning staff’ and’ cleaning’ are to ensure cleanliness at any time. You look at this explanation, so you say,’ Those who work hard rule people, and those who work hard rule people’. "

Soon, the new regulations will be implemented. Fang Zhenye said, "As a reason for arranging unemployed people, we were cleared out. But suddenly clear us out, what should I do? " He went to several old ladies to intercede, but several people said that it was no good and must be "standardized". When Fang Zhenye was worried, the residents who had arranged to take over his work came to see him. "I said what you should do, I won’t hold you up. I’ll leave as soon as I find a place. He said he wouldn’t do (cleaning). I understood after listening to his words. I asked,’ Do you sell (this job)?’ Finally, we agreed that I would give him money and I would continue to do my original work. "Unexpectedly, one day not long after, the residents’ committee suddenly gave Fang Zhenye a good lecture and forced him to leave. Fang Zhenye said, "At that time, college students were very fierce. If they were angry, they would get angry. If they said, you would slap you!" In desperation, Fang Zhenye can only find another way out.

(5) From scavengers to "waste recyclers": paying money to "package the community"

From 2004 to 2008, Fang Zhenye and his son were employed by the cleaning department of another residential property to clean up the garbage, and their salary was 700 yuan/month. Fang Zhenye proposed to the property department that he didn’t want a salary, as long as he was allowed to collect sanitation and clear away the waste. At that time, their gross income from selling waste products could reach 5,000 yuan a month, which was handed over to the property 1000 yuan.

Fang Zhenye said that cleaning up garbage is a work that requires experience, and not everyone can do it well. At that time, in the residential area where he lived, each building had 28 floors, each floor had a garbage room, and the garbage of 12 households on each floor was put in the garbage room. At 8 o’clock in the morning, the cleaning staff carried out the garbage with the bag of the trash can and collected it layer by layer. Because there is a distance from the garbage room to the elevator, and garbage bags often contain soy sauce bottles, vinegar bottles, leftovers, etc., inexperienced employees often delay time because of garbage leakage, which also makes residents dissatisfied. According to the regulations of the property department, the cleaning staff in the learning stage need to collect a building within 2 hours. Mature employees can take it in 80 minutes, and high-tech employees can take it in 50 minutes. Fang Zhenye usually comes down within an hour, so although someone else has changed in the middle of the property to collect it, he finally had to bring Fang Zhenye back because of complaints from residents.

From Fang Zhenye’s point of view, there are several principles for choosing what kind of community to enter. The first is to see whether there are more commodity buildings or family buildings in the community. The income of purchasers in commodity buildings is twice as much as that in family buildings, because all the people living in commodity buildings are rich. The second is to see how many doors are opened in this community. The more doors there are, the more uneconomical it is, because the more doors there are, the more people from outside will come in to collect waste products. The third is to look at the number of households. Fang Zhenye and his fellow villagers once discussed a general rule that people who buy waste products can earn an average of 1 yuan from each household every day.

Since the closure of the community and the standardization of waste purchase, the "waste recyclers" in the community have been managed by the property department and paid contract fees to the property. With the increasingly fierce competition for scrap purchase, the property keeps raising the contract fee. Fang Zhenye said that according to the current market, in a community of about 10,000 people, the waste recyclers have to pay 70,000 yuan to the property a year.

(6) A short turnaround under the economic crisis: renting a waste collection station.

After the 2008 Olympic Games, the economic crisis suddenly appeared in the second half of the year. Fang Zhenye said that at that time, some waste collection stations lost hundreds of thousands at once. A waste collection station usually needs millions of dollars, and the collection station usually stores a certain amount of waste before selling it. The sudden economic crisis has caused these collection stations with hundreds of thousands of goods to lose a lot of money at one time. Some people are buying stations operated by loans, but they can’t see hope, and they are also urged to pay debts. Just in the area where Fang Zhenye is located, three people who run buying stations committed suicide, all from Gushi County, Henan Province.

With many years of industry experience, Fang Zhenye has a keen grasp and analysis ability of information. After the economic crisis, the price of waste products fell to the bottom in the second half of 2008. At this time, Fang Zhenye, who had a good idea of the situation, spent all his money, borrowed some money, raised about 300,000 yuan, and rented a purchasing station with his three sons to do the business of scrap copper and aluminum. He believes that under the circumstances at that time, the price of waste products can no longer go down, and it will definitely pick up. As expected, after the end of 2008, the price of waste really began to pick up. The rent of the purchasing station contracted by Fang Zhenye at that time was 4,000 yuan/month. If it is well managed, the monthly net income can be more than 6,000 yuan; General management, net income is only 2000 yuan.

After more than two years of running the acquisition station, the economic crisis appeared again. Fang Zhenye said that when he saw the falling oil price, he quickly withdrew. According to his many years’ experience, if the price of oil rises, the price will rise; When oil prices fall, prices will also fall, and the waste business will also weaken. With such keen judgment and analytical ability, Fang Zhenye has not suffered a big loss in the acquisition of waste products, and has avoided big price fluctuations. Until returning to his hometown, Fang Zhenye has been paying attention to the market of the waste industry, but the market has been bad in recent years, so he has never made another shot. He estimated that he would never do the junk business again.

(7) Sudden storms: Cancer has exhausted years of savings.

In the second half of 2010, Fang Zhenye’s wife had a stomachache, and it was diagnosed as duodenal cancer. She stayed in a hospital in Beijing for more than 20 days and spent more than 40,000 yuan, but the hospital did not study for 3 or 4 weeks. Finally, Fang Zhen was asked to take a living specimen to the cancer hospital for testing, and the result of the test was that it was likely to become cancerous, so the hospital asked them to transfer to another hospital quickly.

In the Spring Festival of 2010, Fang Zhenye took his wife home for the New Year and returned to Beijing for treatment the following year. He spent tens of thousands of yuan, through various relationships, transferred to a hospital where a fellow villager was the vice president. According to the situation at that time, if you don’t have surgery, your wife will have a life span of up to 3 years; If you have an operation, you may die on the operating table, but you may also survive. If you live for another 20 or 30 years, doctors are 75% sure. What my wife means is that if it is only 10,000 yuan, I will have an operation. If it is more than 10,000 yuan, I will not do it. Several sons could not make a decision, and finally Fang Zhenye made a decision and had an operation. It cost nearly 0.2 million/200 thousand before and after, and finally it survived. Fang Zhenye said that before his wife got sick, he had more than 100,000 yuan in his hand. At that time, he had planned to buy a house for his son in the suburbs of Beijing. As a result, his wife’s illness almost spent the original savings.

Fang Zhenye and his wife withdrew from the waste industry. After returning to their hometown, their sons still made a living outside, but they stopped doing waste business. The eldest son bought a big truck and transported muck for more than a year. The second son, together with his daughter-in-law, contracted the sanitation of a hotel. The third son set up a grocery store in Dalian. Because he just started to open a store, he was not familiar with it. He bought fakes and was cheated. After more than two years, he lost 50,000 to 60,000 yuan. This year, he just started to turn around.

A scene in Agnès Varda’s gleaner (the picture has nothing to do with it)

Fang Zhenye’s story is only the corner of the joys and sorrows of countless scavengers in Henan Province, but it is also clearly marked by major social changes such as the detention and repatriation system and the reform of state-owned enterprises. The changes in urban-rural relations have shaped a major turning point in the life of scavengers.Fang Zhenye, who locates himself at the bottom of society,In fact, both IQ and EQ are extremely high. After years of hard work in the waste purchase market, you can accurately grasp the situation, analyze the market and make timely moves. What he lacks is just a little luck. In Henan, a region with a large population and scarce resources, there are many people with outstanding abilities, but they just lack opportunities. Occasionally, a few lucky people can achieve social mobility and get rid of the "bottom" label.

In this village of nearly 4,000 people where Fang Zhenye is located, among the 10 households with an annual income of more than 1 million (about 1% of all households in the village), 3 households started from scrap purchase, and now they run their own scrap purchase market; Of the more than 30 households (accounting for about 3% of all households in the village) with an annual income of 500-1 million, about 10 households are engaged in the work related to waste purchase, mainly engaged in waste processing or second-hand goods business, and some of them later switched from other industries to waste industry. That is to say, about a quarter of the nearly 50 households with the highest income of 5% in the village are engaged in waste-related work, accounting for about 1% in the village, and some of them did not start from the waste industry, but invested in the accumulation of other industries. Compared with that year, nearly 90% of the people in the village were involved in collecting waste products, but less than 1% completely changed their fate. The social mobility of scavengers is really difficult.

Even with high IQ and high EQ, such as Fang Zhenye, he survived the squeeze of the laid-off tide and avoided the impact of the economic crisis, but he still returned to the original point because of a serious illness of his family. Although all three sons grew up in urban communities, it is still difficult for them to stay in cities, and the hope of intergenerational mobility is still unknown.

(The name in the article is a pseudonym. )

Bo Yihang, an associate professor at the Academy of Fine Arts of Beijing Film Academy, shared AI’s empowerment in the film field from the perspective of digital humanities.

1905 movie network news Science and film merge to create the future. On May 5th, the China Film Science and Technology Summit and the 14th China Film Science and Technology Forum held a forum on film and television technology and talent development in Yongchuan, Chongqing, where representatives from the film and television industry, experts and scholars gathered together to make suggestions and suggestions for promoting the development of domestic film and television high technology and talent training, and to help achieve the goal of building a film power and a cultural power.

In the sharing session of film and television technology, six industry representatives gave speeches and exhibitions around different themes. Bo Yihang, an associate professor at the Academy of Fine Arts of Beijing Film Academy, first brought a share entitled "AI Empowering the Film Field from the Perspective of Digital Humanities", and expounded her research and thinking on cutting-edge theories such as computational film, the prosperity and decline of AI, machine learning, intelligent metrological cinematography, and the cultivation of algorithm consciousness.

Ma Ping, deputy general manager of China Film Digital Production Base, shared realistic science fiction and imaginative technology.

Ma Ping, deputy general manager of China Film Digital Production Base, took the film as an example, and put forward the enlightenment and prospect for the integration of science and film in the new era. He believes that science fiction movies have multiple meanings for the integration of science and technology culture. "Science fiction promotes the development and innovation of science and technology; Improve the development level of division, specialization and process of film industry production; Ignite the enthusiasm of the whole people for science and technology and improve the influence of science and technology education; The unique grand narrative background of science fiction movies inspires people’s patriotic feelings and recognizes and thinks about the future destiny of mankind. "　

Wei Li, Chairman of 1905 Film Network

Wei Li, the chairman of 1905 Film Network, introduced the mode, main body, cases, characteristics, opportunities and challenges of overseas dissemination of China film content with the theme of "Science and Technology Innovation Empowering China Film and Television International Communication", and took the overseas distribution of 1905 Film Network as an example to share and explore the development path of China film and television going abroad.

Wei Li said that the overseas distribution of 1905 Film Network has three stages. The first stage is to manually hand in AI intelligence, and more content "going out" becomes possible. 1905 Film Network promotes high-quality Chinese film and television works to overseas TV stations and new media platforms, sells copyrighted content to international first-line streaming media websites, and also distributes content to pay TV stations and network platforms in East Asia (Japan and South Korea), Southeast Asia (New Matai) and South Asia (India).

Wei Li, Chairman of 1905 Film Network, participated in the Forum on Film and Television Technology and Talent Development.

The second stage is to lead the research and development of the 1905 GO platform, and to transform "borrowing a ship to the sea" into "shipbuilding and sailing". With the implementation of the "going out" strategy of Chinese culture, the international communication of Chinese culture presents a new feature of platform going out to sea. Platform construction is helpful to grasp the dominant position of international communication and improve the initiative of foreign promotion.

The third stage is to operate the content matrix accurately with technology and innovation as the engine. "As of May 2023, 1905 Movie Network has built 18 matrices on overseas social media platforms, reaching 240 countries and regions. In terms of platform construction, there are more than three aspects: the multinational landing of movie channels, the establishment of multilingual channels, and multi-dimensional interaction. " Wei Li said that the 1905 brand overseas matrixing captures and analyzes user portraits and user habits more accurately from the data analysis level by leveraging technical means, and formulates data promotion strategies in a targeted manner; From the level of productivity, comprehensively improve the efficiency of work and coordination and increase productivity; And there is still a lot of room for various AI tools to further empower the brand internationalization road.

Wei Li, Chairman of 1905 Film Network, talks about scientific and technological innovation to empower China films to spread internationally.

In the new era, scientific and technological innovation will help film production and empower film marketing. Science and technology and cross-border cooperation will promote the internationalization of China films. Facing the grand goal of building a socialist cultural power in 2035, Wei Li said, "We filmmakers will bravely shoulder the mission, seize the day, and effectively improve the overseas communication effect and influence of China’s film and television content through strategies such as resource integration, technology empowerment, and going to sea together, accelerate the internationalization process of China’s film and television industry, and promote the excellent Chinese culture to go out, be determined to move forward, and be stable and far-reaching."

Deputy general manager of Lingyun Guangyuan Guest Vision shared the creation of a vivid and beautiful digital world.

Zhang Kai, co-founder of Beijing Tiantu Wanjing Technology, shared perception of virtual production and virtual production process management.

Director of Lingran Chuangzhi Industrial Meta-Universe Joint Research Center of Tianjin University shared the platform of digital movie cloud collaborative production and integration of production and education for meta-universe.

In addition, Li Miao, deputy general manager of Lingyun Guangyuan Guest Vision, introduced how to create a vivid and beautiful world of digital intelligence; Zhang Kai, co-founder of Beijing Tiantu Wanjing Technology, shared high technologies such as perceptual virtual production and virtual production process management. Wang Yifu, director of Lingran Chuangzhi Industrial Meta-Universe Joint Research Center of Tianjin University, explained the platform of digital movie cloud collaborative production and integration of production and education for meta-universe.

During the dialogue and exchange, the guests gave full play to their expertise and expressed their opinions, and put forward many constructive suggestions around the two major topics of domestic film and television science and technology development and film and television talent development, encouraging the exploration of new technologies, strengthening the scientific and technological literacy of industry talents, and accelerating the high-quality development of China film and television.

　　Except for people who have obvious disabilities in eyes, heart and hand muscles, they are not suitable or can’t play billiards for a long time. Generally, people can keep moving for one or two hours. So billiards is really a ball game with many advantages and many benefits.

　　There are many advantages to playing billiards:

　　Physically speaking, playing billiards is not as sweaty as basketball and tennis, but the internal activity is very large. Every time you have to get down, get up and walk around the table, you will come out a few kilometers later, and you should concentrate on the ball every time you hit the ball, which will exercise your concentration, and your brain will have to think about how to walk every time, which is also good exercise for your brain.

　　In terms of personality, if you are impetuous when playing billiards, you can’t hit the ball and can’t walk well, so you will gradually become calm and calm. When you play well, your heart will definitely accelerate, which will slowly affect your subsequent play. It is extremely important to calm yourself down at this time. Generally speaking, let yourself learn to control your own psychological fluctuations and emotional ups and downs, which you can’t usually master. Billiards does not require a particularly strong body, so it is suitable for people of all ages. Especially for office workers who sit all day, playing billiards will have many benefits.

　　One: standing.

　　I often sit for a day at work and rarely get up and walk. Not only does my back ache, my neck hurts, but my stomach is getting bigger and bigger. It’s good to keep standing.

　　Second: loosen your fingers.

　　When you play billiards, you should spread your hands to loosen your fingers greatly. Of course, this only refers to one hand. The other side is not idle, holding the pole and hitting the ball, when tight, when loose, is also exercise.

　　Third: look green.

　　Staring at the screen every day makes me feel sour at the end of the day. But billiards is good, even if you play nine-ball, it is green and blue, and it is unified into green. Looking at a piece of green, it is really eye-catching.

　　Fourth: focus on the long and far.

　　Staring at the length of the computer, it is estimated that it is no more than 70 cm, but it must be more than playing billiards, which is very beneficial to eliminate false myopia.

　　Fifth: communicate with friends.

　　Office workers are very busy every day, and the time spent together is getting less and less. It is very good to find a leisure activity that is beneficial to everyone and chat when relaxing. So, a common saying now is: let’s play billiards for a while!

　　Sixth: exercise thinking.

　　Every day, I am full of words in front of words and all kinds of ideas, just like Chinese. On the pool table, there are real lines, broken lines and jumpers, just like math. Think about miracle or gentle knife, think about high pole, low pole or arc, sometimes it is a kind of exercise.

　　Seventh: Good waist, good legs and good health.

　　Think about it. In the process of playing billiards, if you meet someone who is in a bad position and uncomfortable, it is enough to push forward, twist to the left and turn to the right … It takes 3,000 steps to play billiards an hour. For office workers, it is not a small amount of activity.

　　In the past, many people disliked and opposed billiards, and thought it was a game of local ruffians and hooligans. The reason for some people’s opposition is that billiards left a bad impression when it first appeared in China in 1980s, but now it can be said that this idea can no longer appear. With the rise of billiards in the world again and the wide spread of snooker as a gentleman’s sport, people gradually give billiards a correct evaluation. I believe that billiards will not only bring people health, but also bring people a lot of joy!

1905 movie network news The movie "The Heavenly Way of the Sun II" will meet the fans on February 12th. Previously, the producers had produced many popular national works such as Super Seminary series, Xiongbinglian series, and Lieyang Tiandao I online movie.

　

　The Spring Festival file ushered in the most powerful country, and the fantasy plot climaxed again.

　

As a sister collection of Fierce Yang Tiandao II, it mainly tells the growth story that Di Tianlin, the founding father of Fierce Yang Kingdom, entrusted the young girl of Fierce Yang Star to Pan Zhen, and with the help of Pan Zhen, Dilena grew into the third generation of Fierce Yang King. In the story, Tirana, who was in a rebellious period, got rid of Pan Zhen’s discipline and came to earth. Just at this time, the earth was attacked by gluttonous stars, so she stayed on earth to cooperate with the implementation of the "Heaven Plan".

　

Although it is a sister collection of Fierce Yang Tiandao I, compared with Fierce Yang Tiandao I, Fierce Yang Tiandao II has richer story content, more fantastic plot and more three-dimensional scene. In addition, many "good-looking, fun and interesting" attractions have been added to Fierce Yang Tiandao II. Let’s take a look at what they are.

　

Gao Shuai knight Nusa parachuted into the battlefield to enrich the content.　

　

As a synonym for handsome and decisive, Nusa had participated in the "Deno Star Wars" before participating in this "gluttonous star attack war", and repeatedly carried out assassination missions for Carl, and quietly eradicated the big lords who refused to accept Carl in the universe for many times and then spread the belief of death.

　

Although Nusa played for the villain this time, his murderous look could not stop his handsomeness. As soon as he appeared, everyone was reluctant to give up the villain’s "lunch box", hoping that he could fight with Tirana a little longer. There are even netizens who hope that they can fight a new spark.

　

Three-dimensional preparation field display makes the scene more detailed.

　

Following the perfect integration of oriental aesthetics into the scene design of the Heavenly Palace in the Sun, the Heavenly Palace in the Sun II has greatly upgraded all indoor scenes, making us feel like we are in a fantasy world. In "Lieyang Tiandao II", the ordinary cabin that can only take people in Lie 1 is upgraded to a shuttle cabin that can detect and predict the information needed for various battles.Brother monkey buys wine"The unpretentious scene was upgraded to a bar where we could drink beautiful wine together, and the ordinary training ground in Lie 1 was upgraded to a high-tech martial arts field.

　

Every scene in "The Heavenly Way of the Sun II" has become more advanced, and every detail has been portrayed more completely. Let the audience have an immersive experience.

　

The cool captain and the Lolita players make the plot more interesting.

　

Fierce 1 is full of hard shots. It can be said that the dashing Dilena touches the hot monkey brother. In Lie 2, a sweet and salty little loli was added — — Sue Xiaoli. Although Xiaoli and Monkey Brother have similar genes, their personalities are totally different, which adds more unpretentious interest to the ordinary war.

　　BEIJING, July 5 (Xinhua)-Confrontation and dialogue, conflict and compromise have always been two opposing and interdependent aspects in the international political arena. In the past six months in 2013, the global situation has been fluctuating, and there are many tense confrontations and dialogues that attract worldwide attention, from which we can find some threads of the development of the international situation.

　　The first US dollar dialogue: "No tie" lights up Sino-US diplomacy.

　　There is no 21-gun salute, no honor guard and welcoming ceremony, and there is no need to sit at the negotiating table … At the beginning of June this year, the meeting between the heads of state of China and the United States, unlike the previous "no tie", attracted the attention of Chinese people and the whole world.

　　On June 7-8, the Supreme Leader of president, China and US President Barack Obama met in California. This is the first face-to-face contact between the Chinese and American heads of state after the change of government.

　　The dialogue between the heads of state of China and the United States is very special. The meeting place was not the White House, but the picturesque California manor. The leaders of the two sides opened their shirts and collars without ties, saving all red tape. The "no tie" dialogue enabled the two heads of state to have heart-to-heart and in-depth exchanges on major issues in a relaxed and private environment.

　　In the two days, the time spent by the heads of state of China and the United States together exceeded eight hours. Diaoyu Island issue, South China Sea issue, cyber security, North Korean nuclear issue, economic cooperation … At this "no tie meeting", the two heads of state openly and frankly communicated and discussed many issues. The two sides not only talk about cooperation, but also avoid differences. The time, quality, depth and breadth of interaction are unprecedented.

　　As a result of the talks, the two heads of state agreed to work together to build a new type of relationship between China and the United States, promote the construction of a new type of military relationship between China and the United States, and respect each other and win-win cooperation. The handshake between China, the world’s largest developing country, and the leader of the world’s largest developed country, the Supreme Leader, and Obama at California Manor opened a new chapter in Sino-US "trans-Pacific cooperation".

　　Dialogue between the Korean and Korean authorities: it seems like a bright future, but the mountains are heavy.

　　In the first half of this year, the situation on the Korean Peninsula seemed to be on a "roller coaster", which rose and fell in just a few months, but suddenly turned around at the critical moment. However, even if you are willing to "talk", it is still full of twists and turns.

　　In the past few months, the situation on the peninsula has really made people sweat: North Korea conducted a nuclear test, South Korea-US military exercises, the hotline between South Korea and North Korea was cut off, North Korea restarted its nuclear reactor, and the Kaesong Industrial Park completely stopped running … All kinds of signs once made the outside world think that the Korean peninsula had reached a state of "war is imminent".

　　However, since May, North Korea has clearly expressed its willingness to talk to the international community by receiving the Japanese Prime Minister’s adviser and sending a special envoy to visit China. At the beginning of June, North Korea even abandoned its previous tough attitude and made a rare proposal for intergovernmental dialogue to South Korea.

　　The South Korean government quickly seized the opportunity of North Korea’s "goodwill". Just a few days later, the director-level working talks between the ROK and the DPRK were held in Panmunjom, paving the way for the next ministerial talks.

　　然而，就在外界看好局势发展的当口，情况却发生转折性变化。朝鲜以韩方会谈团长“级别过低”为由，单方面宣布取消原定于12日举行的当局会谈。

　　韩朝6月初的政府间对话就这样几乎在最后一刻中断，但7月4日，新的消息传来：韩朝一致同意于6日在板门店举行工作会谈。此外，朝鲜还表示愿意重返六方会谈。韩朝间看似“柳暗花明”、实则“山重水复”的沟通能否顺利继续，值得关注。

　　美国、阿富汗、塔利班：陷入“三角债”困局的谈判

　　12年前，美军进入阿富汗与塔利班武装人员作战，打响“9?11”袭击后的反恐战争“第一战”，就在历经12年战争、死伤数千人之后，阿富汗局势似乎初露和谈曙光，但却因美国、阿富汗政府、塔利班之间的“三角”纠葛搁浅。

　　6月18日，阿富汗塔利班宣布在多哈开设和谈办公室，随后有美国官员确认美方将与塔利班进行直接谈判。此举引起阿政府不满，阿总统卡尔扎伊19日宣布中止阿美《双边安全协议》协商进程，同时取消阿高级和平委员会赴多哈和谈安排。由于遭到阿政府强烈抗议，原定于20日举行的美国和塔利班首次会面被取消。

　　When the news of the talks was released, international public opinion was cautiously optimistic about it. Some analysts believe that the deep-seated reason for the delay in the negotiations is that the three parties have their own "wishful thinking", and the negotiations will be a dilemma with no end in sight.

　　Through negotiations, the United States wants the Taliban to publicly renounce its relations with Al Qaeda, end its violence in Afghanistan and recognize the Afghan Constitution. The United States should avoid giving people the impression of walking away and seek a dignified withdrawal from Afghanistan; The purpose of the Afghan government is to "woo" the Taliban, persuade them to lay down their arms, join the government-led reconciliation process, and maintain and consolidate the government’s orthodoxy and legal status; The Taliban, from the position of strength, tried to share power with the government through negotiations, so as to gain time, gradually expand and restore the Taliban regime.

　　The analysis believes that after more than 10 years of war, the balance of power among the three parties has undergone a fundamental change. Although the three parties came to the negotiating table under the banner of reconciliation process, they all wanted to get something that could not be achieved on the battlefield at the negotiating table, which doomed the negotiations to be difficult to make substantive progress.

　　Just when the negotiations ran aground, the violence cast a heavier shadow on them. On June 25, the presidential palace in Afghanistan was attacked by Taliban militants, and four armed men died in an exchange of fire with the police. This is an attack launched by the Taliban against the highest-level targets in Afghanistan since its offensive in April this year.

　　Although after the violence, US President Barack Obama and Afghan President Hamid Karzai reiterated their support for negotiations with the Afghan Taliban. However, it is still difficult to predict when the peace talks facing many variables will start. The peace process in Afghanistan remains worrying.

　　Difficult situation in Syria: domestic dialogue is hopeless and international conference is difficult to produce.

　　In the middle of 2013, the Syrian crisis, which lasted for more than two years, is still far from being resolved. Bashar al-Assad, who "sticks to" the presidency, has very different political views from the Syrian opposition. The two sides are still mired in the deadlock of confrontation and confrontation, and the road to dialogue and reconciliation is still long.

　　In January this year, Assad put forward a new peace initiative and transition plan, calling for national dialogue to end internal conflicts. However, Assad’s peace initiative did not bring dawn to the chaotic situation in Syria. The Syrian opposition said that unless Assad stepped down or did not have any preconditions, there would be no dialogue.

　　For more than half a year, the Syrian government forces and the opposition have continued to wage a tug-of-war in Syria’s major towns. The two sides have blamed each other on whether to use chemical weapons and whether to kill civilians indiscriminately. The extent to which the domestic security situation in Syria has deteriorated is not difficult to see from the latest data released by the United Nations-it is conservatively estimated that at least 93,000 people have died in the Syrian crisis.

　　In addition, the Geneva International Conference on Syria, which was expected to find a political solution to the Syrian crisis, was also delayed. Since the beginning of June, the United Nations, the United States, Russia, Syria and other parties have held many consultations, but still failed to reach an agreement on key issues such as the convening time and participants. On June 25th, the United Nations-Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria Brahimi said that the meeting scheduled for July could not be held as scheduled because the Syrian opposition was still not ready.

　　At the same time, at the beginning of June, when the war situation began to develop in favor of the Syrian government forces, more than a dozen countries, including the United States, decided to provide emergency military assistance to the opposition in Syria in order to "balance the domestic forces in Syria."

　　But there is no doubt that such a "balance" will only aggravate the antagonistic situation in Syria and make the political solution to the crisis farther away from Syria. When the two sides in Syria can start a dialogue and when the Syrian people can regain peace will remain a long-term problem.

　　Conclusion:

　　Take stock of the conversations worth reviewing in the first half of this year, including successes, failures and unresolved issues. No matter how fierce the confrontation is, "dialogue" is still a good way to solve problems and bridge the differences between the opposing sides. In the future, confrontation and conflict will inevitably continue in the international political arena, but people still hope that there will be more and more dialogues and communication in the international community in the future, injecting more "catalysts" for achieving peace and reconciliation.

-Speech at the 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Work Conference of the State Language Commission.

　　Vice Minister of Education and Director of the State Language Committee　　 Zhao qinping

　　(28 November 2006)

Dear experts and comrades,

　　The 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Conference of the State Language Commission was held here today to summarize the scientific research work of the State Language Commission and local language commissions during the 10th Five-Year Plan, discuss the 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan for the application of spoken and written languages, and study and deploy the scientific research work of the language commission system. At the same time, the 43rd national Putonghua proficiency tester qualification examination training course started here today. Putonghua training test is one of the three basic measures to promote Putonghua, which has made remarkable achievements in the past ten years. I would also like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the vast number of testers, experts and scholars who participated in testing research and comrades in various regions and industries who care about and support this cause!

　　Below I will talk about three aspects of the scientific research work on the application of language and characters in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.

　　Building a harmonious language life is the goal of language work.

　　On October 11th, 2006, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) adopted the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues in Building a Harmonious Socialist Society. The "Decision" holds that: "Social harmony is the essential attribute of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guarantee for the country’s prosperity, national rejuvenation and people’s happiness." "Social harmony is the unremitting goal of our party."

　　Language is the most important symbol system for human communication and thinking, an important part of culture and the most important cultural carrier. The attribute of language determines that language life is an important part of social life, and the harmony of language life is an important manifestation of social harmony and an important factor to promote social harmony. To build a harmonious society, language and writing workers have an important historical mission.

　　At present, China’s language life is harmonious on the whole, but there are also many problems that need to be treated scientifically and properly. For example:

　　1. The relationship between Mandarin and dialects;

　　2. The relationship between the languages of all ethnic groups in China;

　　3. The relationship between mother tongue education and foreign language learning;

　　4. Protection of endangered languages;

　　5. The relationship between the international spread of Chinese and the domestic language and writing work;

　　6. The communication of language life between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait;

　　7. Language communication among Chinese communities in the world;

　　8. Language and writing problems in virtual space in China.

　　To treat the problems in current language life scientifically and properly, we must understand the national conditions of the language. It is necessary to monitor and study the situation of language life, especially the hot issues of language life, and make a scientific analysis by setting up a national language resource monitoring and research center. It is necessary to advocate a pragmatic style of study, support the field investigation of local languages, and support the investigation and study of language life in all fields of society. We should pay attention to summing up the historical achievements of language and writing work in China, draw lessons from foreign experience reasonably, and be good at summing up the laws from today’s work practice. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of the national language policy and language standards, attach importance to the popularization of linguistic scientific achievements, actively provide high-quality language services to the society, help all sectors of society and the general public solve the language problems they encounter, and guide the language life to develop in a harmonious direction.　

　　Second, language science is the basis for doing a good job in language and writing.

　　The development of language and writing is regular, and the work of language and writing must follow the development law of language and writing. Language life is constantly developing and changing, and language work must grasp the basic situation and development trend of language life.

　　Great achievements have been made in the language and writing work in New China for more than 50 years, which has made important contributions to China’s cultural construction, scientific and educational development and economic and social progress, and also provided a solid foundation for today’s national informatization process. At the end of March this year, the meeting held by the Ministry of Education and the State Language Committee to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the publication of the State Council’s Resolution on the Simplification of Chinese Characters and the Instruction on Promoting Putonghua, and the academic seminar on the standardization of language and characters jointly held by the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Language Application of the Ministry of Education have made a good summary. Of course, there have been some mistakes in the work of language and writing in history, leaving a profound lesson. Historical practice shows that the effectiveness of language work depends on the understanding of the law of language development and the understanding of language life and its development trend. Therefore, in order to do a good job in language and writing, we must strengthen the research of language science.

　　In language science, basic research is very important, and the application research of language and writing plays a more direct role in the work of national language and writing. The basic research needs to be strengthened, but the applied research of language and writing develops late, with less achievements, which needs to be strengthened more. We should strive to form a relatively complete discipline system and education system of applied linguistics within a few years, establish a number of dynamic scientific research bases and talent training bases of applied linguistics, and cultivate a large number of applied linguistics talents with modern academic vision, innovative consciousness and compound nature to meet the needs of the country for applied linguistics. The discipline construction of applied linguistics should be put on the agenda, and a seminar on the discipline construction of applied linguistics can be held when necessary. The discipline construction of applied linguistics is more extensive than the scientific research of applied linguistics, including the construction of bases, the determination of research directions, the construction of teaching staff and the setting of degrees. From the perspective of scientific research, discipline construction emphasizes the research direction; From the perspective of personnel training, it emphasizes knowledge structure and curriculum system.

　　The country pays more and more attention to the interdisciplinary research between natural science and humanities. Applied linguistics is an applied discipline, especially with information technology, and also involves psychology, law, education and so on. In the past, the key laboratories of the Ministry of Education paid little attention to interdisciplinary subjects, especially those lacking the intersection of natural science and social science. In recent years, the country has begun to promote interdisciplinary subjects, especially the combination of natural science and social science, such as new media and digital art. Applied linguistics, especially computational linguistics, is a typical combination of information technology and linguistics. We should establish some bases in these areas, and these bases can become key laboratories of the Ministry of Education to a certain extent. I hope to see such key laboratories during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. The knowledge structure of applied linguistics talents should have at least three aspects: linguistic knowledge, interdisciplinary knowledge (such as information technology) and related cultural qualities.

　　Informatization is a subject that all countries in the world are very concerned about. Standardization and informatization of language and characters are the basis of realizing social informatization. It is important to promote the standardization and informatization of language and writing as an important task of applied linguistics research and as an important task of national language and writing work. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the introduction of modern information technology achievements into language research, into the application of social language and writing, and into the work of language and writing, so as to realize the modernization of language research means and language and writing work means.

　　 It is necessary to strengthen the research on the evaluation system of language and characters. The Putonghua training test in China has been carried out for more than ten years and has made great achievements. The proficiency test of Chinese characters is about to begin, and I believe it will also play a good social role. The Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK) for Chinese as a second language and the Chinese Proficiency Test (MSK) for ethnic minorities have been implemented successively, which has achieved good social reputation. However, we still lack the language proficiency assessment system of Chinese as the mother tongue. On the one hand, it is necessary to gradually improve the current Putonghua proficiency test and writing application ability test, and gradually adopt modern means to improve the quality and efficiency of testing and management; At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the evaluation system of language application in some important countries in the world, and strive to complete the comprehensive evaluation system of Chinese native speakers’ language ability in recent years in order to meet the needs of mother tongue education in schools at all levels and meet the needs of social industry access system and on-the-job training. This evaluation system, in cooperation with HSK and MSK, can form a complete Chinese proficiency test system in China.

　　Promoting scientific research is an important task for language committees at all levels.

　　Language and writing work is social, contemporary and academic. Especially in the current society, language concepts are diversified and language life is complicated. Language and writing management is always facing new situations and solving new problems. Therefore, it is necessary to have a solid scientific research as the foundation and a large number of experts as the backing to do a good job and improve the quality and efficiency of the work. Promoting the study of language science is an important task of language committees at all levels.

　　There are many departments concerned about language science research, and there are also many foundations involved in language research. In close contact with these departments and foundations, the State Language Committee should also formulate its own scientific research plan, set up scientific research teams and guide and coordinate the scientific research work of local language committees according to the work functions entrusted by the state. Apply for projects through multiple channels and strive for project funds. Because applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary subject, evaluation system and software construction can all apply for project funds from the science and technology department.

　　Local language and writing institutions should scientifically plan their local scientific research work, have the initiative to coordinate the local language and writing research work, and play an important role in the local language and writing research work. Local language committees should put scientific research on the agenda, incorporate it into the relevant work evaluation index system, implement the responsibility of scientific research management to people, and gradually form an incentive mechanism for language research. It is necessary to formulate scientific research plans according to local conditions, scientifically solve problems in local language life through academic research, and make contributions to the national language and writing research work. We should pay attention to the role of local universities and academic groups and rely on experts and scholars closely. It is necessary to give full play to subjective initiative, raise funds for scientific research in various ways, and comprehensively use traditional means and modern information technology to do a good job in publicizing and popularizing language policies and language norms and standards. Scientific research should be regarded as a new bright spot in the work of the Language Committee in the new period, so that the quality and management level of language and writing work in various places can be effectively improved through scientific research.

　　Comrades, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, with the efforts of national language researchers and language committees at all levels, China’s language application research has achieved fruitful results, and remarkable progress has been made in the development of language standards, information-processing-oriented language application research, tracking and monitoring of social language life, and modernization of research methods and information service means. A new situation has emerged in the national and local language and writing work, and new achievements and measures have been made in the legal construction of language and writing work, the evaluation of urban language and writing, the promotion of Putonghua, and the construction of language and writing training and evaluation system. On this basis, China’s future language and writing work, China’s future language and writing scientific research work, will certainly achieve greater results.

　　We should strive to promote the harmony of language life and contribute to the sustainable development of the country, the construction of an innovative country and the construction of a harmonious society!

　　Thank you!　

?Editor’s　Note:

Novel coronavirus is spreading around the world at an alarming rate, but we should not be surprised. Globalization has brought systemic risks. As the links between trade, finance, tourism, internet and other fields become closer and larger, they also become more complex and unstable.

Edward Lorenz, the father of chaos theory, pointed out that a butterfly flapping its wings over Brazil may trigger a tornado in Texas, USA. The increasingly integrated and complicated global economy makes it more vulnerable to the consequences of "Butterfly Defect". For example, major airport hubs are powerful promoters of the positive effects of globalization, but they are also powerful communicators of the negative effects of globalization, and one of the "public hazards" they spread is epidemic diseases.

The PUP author from Oxford University, who is to be introduced to you today, warned governments in a book published six years ago that the systemic risks brought by globalization would threaten all of us, and the next global crisis would probably stem from the widespread epidemic of a disease.

The extensive connection of people leads to health risks

The density and intensity of contact between people and between people and animals are the decisive factors for the development and spread of epidemic diseases. In 1967, Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment to quantify global connectivity. He found that people can meet any stranger through at most six people.

In 2011, Facebook analyzed its 721 million users worldwide, trying to find out how many steps it takes to establish contact between any two people. It turns out that even though users are separated by thousands of miles, any two users only need 4.7 "friends" on average to be connected.

Population growth and the expansion of travel scope, coupled with the intentional or unintentional transshipment of animals (mice on board or mosquitoes on the plane), have rapidly increased the risk of epidemic spread. As we saw in the SARS epidemic in 2003, a toxic pathogen usually only needs short contact to infect someone and spread it. This makes airplanes and international travel become vectors of disease transmission.

High concentration of people raises health risks.

In 2025, the proportion of urban population in the world is expected to rise to 70%. The population density in Tokyo is as high as 5,847 people per square kilometer, and one in every 25 people lives in a mega-city, so it is necessary to "monitor, prepare and respond to infectious diseases". This practice is very important everywhere, especially in places with high population density and poor sanitary conditions, places where people are in close contact with animals, and places where water sources are easily polluted.

The risk of agglomeration will also amplify the connectivity risk within urban agglomerations and around the world, especially because major airport hubs are often located next to these cities. If an infectious disease originated in a metropolis, it is almost impossible to stop it from spreading around the world. Large cities are also usually inhabited by floating population and businessmen connected with other continents.

Gossip and Panic —— Information Management in Epidemic Prevention and Control

Now, all kinds of information and rumors can spread almost instantaneously through the Internet and social media. With this ability, the risk of panic related to infectious diseases has also increased dramatically, which has doubled the complexity of epidemic management.

Information management is essential, because panic may systematically aggravate the danger of the epidemic: during the epidemic prevention and control period, the government needs to control the flow of people and drugs, and if people frantically buy and hoard drugs, masks and other materials out of panic at this time, many important services will be greatly affected by people’s reaction.

When trying to prevent large-scale panic, governments may also choose to suppress some important information. In the social network of the financial world, there is evidence that "individual decision makers usually pay attention to the behaviors, decisions and even beliefs of others who have social contact with them (such as the perception of risks)." It is in this sense that innovation and technology also increase the risk of infectious diseases; In addition to tangible channels of transmission, we also need to be aware of the existence of risks related to "social" infection.

Another challenge comes from the management of the dissemination of sensitive research information. For example, the debate revolves around the US government’s decision to ask the major scientific journals Nature and Science to suspend publishing research on the evolution of H5N1 influenza virus. According to Medical News Today, although these studies were finally published, they were "shelved because the international community was worried that making these data public would make it easier for terrorists to make chemical and biological weapons".

PUP content express:

The Butterfly Defect:　

How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do about It

　

Author: Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan

Publication date: October 20, 2015 (paperback edition)

ISBN:　9780691168425

Highlights of the book

The Butterfly Defect emphasizes the widening gap between the new systemic risks arising from globalization and its effective management. This book shows that the turbocharged globalization power has the potential and power to undermine the stability of our society. Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan borrowed the latest insights from various disciplines and provided practical guidance for governments, enterprises and individuals on how to better cope with globalization and its risks.

Goldin and Mariathasan proved that systemic risk problems are now ubiquitous in supply chain, epidemic, infrastructure, ecology and climate change, economy and politics. Unless we solve these problems, they will lead to greater protectionism, xenophobia, nationalism, and inevitable de-globalization, increased inequality, conflicts and slower development.

The Butterfly Defect shows that in an interconnected world, reducing uncertainty and risk is an important task for our future development.

About the author:

Ian Goldin & Mike Mariathasan

　

Ian Goldin

Dean of Martin College, Oxford University, UK, Professor of Globalization and International Development Department, Oxford University.

Mike Mariathasan

Assistant Professor, Department of Finance, University of Leuven, Belgium

An in-depth survey of science and technology finance every day

Walking into the story behind business

Source: Blizzard China official Weibo

Over 500,000 players call overnight.

Writing/Meng Huiyuan

Editor/Li Jinlin

Typesetting/Annalee

In recent days, the game circle’s "Xi Fei returned to the palace" drama began.

On April 10th, Blizzard officially announced that it had reached an agreement with Netease to return to the China market, and vividly interpreted what it meant to be "divorced for nearly a year and a half, and it was better to return home".

At the beginning, when "wrangling" happened, Blizzard and Netease blamed each other, and the scene was once very ugly. Now, with Hershey, Blizzard and Netease can sit together again and discuss the compensation benefits for players. Of course, judging from various signs, the combination of game manufacturers is not only the need of their own development, but also the entanglement of interest exchange.

But no matter what kind of consideration, the behavior of the game company, only the players are finally injured.

Abandoned veteran player: I can’t stop cursing and can’t let go.

After Blizzard officially announced that its games will begin to return to the domestic market in the summer of 2024, netizens were excited for a while, and the excitement was comparable to that of the New Year.

Some people recall the past and want to relive the beauty of the game time: "I miss the vegetable garden on my mid-mountain, I miss whether my sunflower has eaten well, whether the song can be sung, and whether it will only be sung to me. I miss my hearthstone Tianma, which is healthy and unhealthy, and I will ride it to soar in the sky and travel all over Azeroth."

Some people care about the gains and losses, urging the players to pay compensation during the suspension period: "It is a good thing to return, but there are also some concerns to be raised here. For example, during the suspension of service, the store tokens and the monthly and annual rewards of the store; Rewards, prestige, illusion, etc. that are often missing in various activities (holiday activities) and weeks during the period of stopping taking medicine; The pvp season rewards that were missing during the suspension period, etc. The catch-up mechanism after the new service. If the above content is not handled well, the reopening of the national service is also the carnival of the studio. "

Others scolded from the beginning to the end, claiming that the most innocent players were gamers: "At that time, one person acted as if he didn’t need China players at all, and the other person said that the other party wanted our information to touch the bottom line. What does it mean to make up now? What is not the bottom line is not as important as money. "

Game players are all in phase.

Qin Zhen, a veteran Warcraft player, thinks that all the seemingly opposing voices on the Internet are understandable. "For example, the game World of Warcraft is basically a lot of youthful memories of the post-80s and post-90s. For this typical emotional game, the more people scold it, the more they love it. Moreover, scolding it is also afraid that it will abandon domestic players again. It’s a fatal blow that memories of youth, who has spent so many years, said no, no, no,no. "

"Imagine that one day Jay Chou collapsed and all the songs could not be heard. Can you accept it as an iron powder?" Qin Zhen told Zinc Scale that one of the most popular sayings among players now is: "Don’t forget that players are just victims of Microsoft and mobile violence". The point that makes everyone unhappy is that "the game company acts to let the players pay the bill. But the problem is that the player is innocent! " .

Obviously, at the beginning, Blizzard and Netease suddenly got divorced, which caught the players off guard. However, it seems sincere to see all kinds of promises and actions made by Blizzard officials after their return.

The discovery of zinc scale has been clearly mentioned in "Try to heal, then recover excessively-a letter to the national service Blizzard gamers", "When the server is turned on, we will ensure that your account data is completely preserved", directly feeding the players who are willing to return. A reassurance.

In addition, when Netease is recruiting for Blizzard Games, the released job requirements can also be seen as additional requirements such as "arranging sincere compensation content when the server restarts" and "fully understanding the game content during the suspension period, and arranging appropriate operational content to help players regain the opportunity to obtain these contents as much as possible".

These actions have made many Blizzard players who are "outspoken" consciously wait for the specific opening time. By the time the zinc scale was published, 525,000 people had reserved World of Warcraft. "Anyway, I have already made an appointment. The new’ cake’ drawn by the game company is delicious. Wait until I taste it first." Qin Zhen said so.

Looking at the market, Blizzard can’t let go of millions of players.

From November 2022, Blizzard announced that it would break up with Netease, and on April 10, 2024, Blizzard officially announced that it would return to cooperate with Netease again. Blizzard, which had made a high-profile announcement to withdraw from the China market, also chose a high-profile return after nearly a year and a half of absence (Blizzard’s Battle.net server in China was officially closed on January 24, 2023).

In fact, looking back, the reason why Blizzard and Netease "divorced" has been inconclusive.

At that time, it was rumored that the cooperation conditions proposed by Blizzard were harsh, requiring Netease to develop other IP mobile games for global distribution, but Netease was not allowed to share the proceeds except China, and Netease was required to provide a deposit and two-year advance payment. In addition, Blizzard also wants to control all intellectual property rights and data control for China players.

The statement issued by Blizzard said, "Because Netease has not reached a renewal agreement that conforms to Blizzard’s operating principles and promises to players and employees". In this regard, Netease said, "The conditions put forward by Blizzard are harsh, and it is impossible to reach an agreement on some key terms involving sustainable operation and the core interests of China players."

In other words, the core interests of the two companies are inconsistent, and cooperation will naturally not continue.

Although we can’t cooperate for the time being, the China market really smells good. After all, Activision Blizzard mentioned in the financial report of the third quarter of 2022 that the blizzard works jointly launched with Netease in Chinese mainland contributed about 3% of Activision Blizzard’s total revenue. According to the report of the new knowledge of the game, if the blizzard part is taken out independently, the "3%" here is equivalent to 13.5% of the revenue in 2022, equivalent to about 1.603 billion yuan.

Mike Ybarra, president of Blizzard, also said in an interview with the media: "There are millions of players in Chinese mainland who love Blizzard games, and everyone in Blizzard wants to make sure that they can play our games. We are a global company, and I hope Blizzard games will spread all over the world, including Chinese mainland. Therefore, when we make progress, we will evaluate this and see what will happen. "

The opportunity of "remarriage" appeared in October 2023, but this time the main body of cooperation with Netease changed from Blizzard to Microsoft.

According to a number of media reports, shortly after Microsoft officially acquired Activision Blizzard, the parent company of Blizzard Entertainment, for about 68.7 billion US dollars, it began to renegotiate the return of Blizzard’s national service with Netease, and it was basically finalized in December last year that it would re-cooperate. One of the clear clues is that on December 20, 2023, Netease Great God platform re-launched the World of Warcraft community.

Blizzard officially announces return

Anyway, now the boots have finally landed successfully. Even though we broke up with Netease, on the basis of cooperation for more than fifteen years in the past, this wonderful drama of reconciliation after breaking up always gives people an unexpected but reasonable feeling.

On the one hand, it is the version number problem. Blizzard’s whole family has a total of 12 version numbers registered under Netease’s name. If Blizzard changes its agent, it is necessary to reapply for the version number after the game stops serving, and the number of imported version numbers is more scarce than that of domestic games. On the other hand, it is a physical server. Even if the agent is changed, Blizzard has to get back the historical user data, which is now in Netease’s hands.

Therefore, in the eyes of many people in the industry, Netease has almost become a necessary option for Blizzard’s return, and the release of cooperation news only confirms their judgment.

Netease, the "pick-up man", laughed?

From Netease’s perspective, it was very ugly when we broke up with Blizzard.

Netease once fiercely countered in an official statement, "Blizzard’s proposal is outrageous, inappropriate and not in line with business logic", calling it "overconfident" and "take whatever you want, ride a donkey to find a horse, and get divorced". Netease canteen has also launched new dishes "Blizzard Green Tea Rape" and "Blizzard Green Tea Small Pacai", directly playing with stalks to insinuate Blizzard.

But once again, Netease is willing to actively strive for it.

Thanks to the help of mobile games such as Egg Party and Going Against the Water, and the stable performance of Fantasy Westward Journey, Netease’s game business revenue reached 81.6 billion yuan in 2023, up 9.4% year-on-year, accounting for 78.8% of the total revenue. This achievement made Netease offset the impact of its breakup with Blizzard in early 2023, and also drove the annual revenue to pass the 100 billion mark in one fell swoop.

However, the competition in the game industry in the domestic market is fierce. Take the Egg Party, which Netease values most, as an example. Although it has brought it a lot of revenue, the Egg Party is often caught in the whirlpool of negative public opinion of "inducing recharge" and "minors paying a large amount". At the same time, the same type of game "Yuan Meng Xing" created by Tencent’s late arrival has performed well, which has also brought a lot of pressure on the business performance of "Egg Party".

However, with the World of Warcraft, Hearthstone, Warcraft, Watching Pioneer, Diablo and StarCraft, and other games under Blizzard, they began to return to the Chinese mainland market one after another this summer. Netease can not only gather the hearts of a wave of old players, but also continue to rely on these classic games to increase their profitability, and can look forward to transforming these online games IP into mobile games IP later (Netease and Blizzard jointly produced the mobile game Diablo: Immortality before the "breakup", and the game performed well).

Blizzard game family barrels will return one after another.

In this way, after the second cooperation, Blizzard may make a small profit, but Netease will definitely not lose money. According to the latest report released by JPMorgan Chase, the re-cooperation between Netease and Blizzard is expected to bring 3% to 4% of the online game revenue of Netease.

What’s more, Microsoft also reached an agreement with Netease to try to bring new Netease games to Xbox and other platforms.

In this regard, Zhang Yi, CEO and chief analyst of Ai Media Consulting, said in an interview with Securities Daily that Netease also needs to increase its overseas revenue share. Microsoft promotes Netease games to log on to Xbox, which can give overseas players more opportunities to understand Netease’s game products. It is very important to enhance Netease’s brand influence and market share in overseas markets, and it is also an easy shortcut for Netease.

Generally speaking, the re-cooperation between Netease and Blizzard is not only the best choice made by them from their own personal perspectives, but also a win-win "commercial marriage".

END

Menghuiyuan

Email: coopert@163.com.

Introduction: You can talk about poetry and distance, and you can also talk about tea and streamer.

Focus areas: streaming media, Internet medical care.

Zinc scale

An in-depth survey of science and technology finance every day

　　BEIJING, Beijing, September 14 (Reporter Zhang Ni) In recent years, with the promotion of burden reduction in primary and secondary schools, the school hours of primary schools in many areas have advanced to around 3: 30. However, children leave school early and parents leave work late, which makes many parents feel embarrassed — — It is unrealistic to ask for leave, and there are many concerns about the custodian. How should we solve the "3: 30 problem"?

　　Parents are worried about picking up their baby after school at 3: 30.

　　"When I get to school, I have a headache. My wife and I both go to work. The off-duty time is five or six o’clock, but children usually leave school at three or four o’clock, and picking up children has become a problem." Mr. Wang, a citizen who lives in Haidian District, Beijing, said that every time he started school, he began to worry about picking up the baby.

　　Mr. Wang’s son is in the fourth grade. Before that, Mr. Wang’s mother helped to pick him up, but in the past two years, because his mother was in poor health, he had to pick him up with his wife.

　　"Now the school has after-school activities three days a week, and the school time is relatively late. I will rotate with my wife for the remaining two days. Whoever is not busy will pick up the children in advance." Mr. Wang said that because the school is close to home, he and his wife planned to let the children go to school by themselves after they entered the fifth and sixth grades, but he was still a little worried.

　　Mr. Wang’s experience is also a portrayal of the real life of many young parents. In order to solve the problem, many elderly people took the initiative to take over the heavy responsibility of receiving the baby. Ms. Shen, 66, is one of them.

　　Ms. Shen lives in Haidian District. Her grandson is in the first grade of primary school this year. Because both her son and daughter-in-law have to work, the job of picking up and dropping off the children is given to her.

　　"I have to go back and forth between home and school several times a day, and I have to walk on the road for nearly an hour a day." Ms. Shen said that because she is in good health, she can accept it, but I am afraid that the elderly who are in poor health will be a little overwhelmed.

　　"Last year, my son asked for a second child, and I hired a nanny to take the second child at home. I can still be busy when I send the boss. When the second child starts to go to kindergarten, I have to pick up two. Without a nanny, I will definitely be too busy." Ms. Shen said.

　　Market demand gives birth to trusteeship fever

　　The problem of parents picking up their children has also left business opportunities for off-campus hosting institutions, and the fees of such institutions are expensive.

　　A few days ago, the reporter consulted a primary school care institution in Zhongguancun, Beijing, and learned that the cost of hosting a primary school student in this institution is 1,480 yuan per month, while the student’s meal fee is calculated separately, which is the charging standard for each meal in 20 yuan. In this way, if a primary school student has dinner once a day in a custody institution, the monthly expenses add up to nearly 2,000 yuan, which is not a small expense for many parents.

　　Even so, because of the large demand, the number of custody places of custody institutions is also very popular.

　　"The number of students we can accept is limited, so we usually start to register in mid-August, and there will be very few places left when the school starts." A staff member of the agency told reporters.

　　For such a custodian, parents also have their own concerns.

　　"One depends on whether the price charge is acceptable. In addition, if we really want to send our children to such a custody institution, we must also check the qualifications, safety facilities, the level of teachers, the quality of food, etc. We are all concerned." Mr. Wang expressed his concern.

　　The teacher vomited: it is very tiring to organize after-school activities.

　　In the first half of this year, the Ministry of Education issued the Guiding Opinions on Doing a Good Job in After-school Services for Primary and Secondary School Students. Among them, it is clear that we should give full play to the role of the main channel of after-school service in primary and secondary schools. The majority of primary and secondary schools should make full use of their advantages in management, personnel, venues and resources, and take the initiative to assume the responsibility of students’ after-school service.

　　The reporter learned that after-school expansion activities have been carried out in primary schools in many areas, including Beijing. However, in the process of school implementation, there are also many practical problems.

　　Lin Lin (pseudonym), who works as an English teacher in a primary school in Chaoyang District, Beijing, said in an interview that her primary school will hold community activities three days a week, but because of the limited resources of teachers in the school, some interest activities need to be outsourced to hire teachers.

　　"Schools should also increase their funding, not only paying the class fees of external teachers, but also paying some remuneration to the class teachers." Lin Lin said.

　　"Community activities usually disrupt classes, and it is difficult for teachers to manage classroom discipline. Therefore, each class should be equipped with a class supervisor. Once the class is over, children like to have classes in disorder, so the class supervisor must always be nervous to prevent danger." Lin Lin told reporters that he will arrive at school at seven o’clock every day, and his usual workload is already very heavy. Coupled with the arrangement of extracurricular activities, he is very tired at the end of the day.

　　After school at 3: 30, did the students reduce their burden?

　　On the one hand, the school leaves school early, on the other hand, the students’ schoolwork burden has not really been alleviated. Many primary school students hurried to the off-campus cram school after leaving the school gate. Xiaoding, who is in the sixth grade this year, is one of them.

　　"I don’t have cram schools now except Monday and Sunday, and I have extracurricular classes the rest of the time." Xiaoding told reporters.

　　Xiaoding’s school is a key primary school in Beijing. It will finish school before three o’clock every Tuesday and Friday, but he still has cram schools to attend. Usually, Xiaoding goes to cram school by bike every time he comes home from school to pack his things, and many students in the class have similar situations.

　　"We are under great pressure as parents. Some of our children’s classmates were recruited by key middle schools in the fourth and fifth grades. If they can’t be recruited, they can only participate in computer allocation, which is quite anxious." Mr. Zhu, who lives in Haidian District, expressed emotion in an interview.

　　Mr. Zhu also has a daughter who has just entered the sixth grade. Because he is worried that his child will be sent to a bad middle school, he began to take his child to take some key middle school exams very early.

　　"In fact, children have very little homework in school and can finish it soon, but we also reported three or four extracurricular classes to our children, so it is not easy." Mr. Zhu said that as long as the child’s junior high school is not solved one day, his heart will always be hanging.

　　How to solve the problem?

　　On the one hand, the state advocates reducing the burden and letting students leave school early. On the other hand, schools and parents are faced with various implementation problems. How to solve the contradictions?

　　In fact, in recent years, many local governments have introduced relevant policies to solve the problem.

　　For example, Beijing, Chengdu and other places have established a financial guarantee mechanism. Public primary schools in Shanghai generally provide free after-school care services to students who have difficulties in family care. Qingdao and other places "take the school family Committee as the leading factor and the school participates in cooperation" and rely on the school’s premises and equipment to carry out after-school service.

　　"Solve ‘ 3: 30 problem ’ It is still necessary to let the school play an active role and carry out more extracurricular activities, but this requires a policy tilt, focusing on giving teachers subsidies and improving teachers’ enthusiasm. " Gu Mingyuan, honorary president of China Education Association, stressed in an interview with Zhongxin. com.

　　Gu Mingyuan analyzed that while the government gives financial support to schools, it should also give them autonomy in running schools. "Education should also be shared, so that schools can fully tap and utilize all social resources, even including inviting parents with special skills to participate in after-school activities. Children should not be pushed to training institutions because of school."

　　Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the China Academy of Educational Sciences, believes that students should also be given some time for independent activities, rather than just "going to school — — Going home is a two-point and one-line life, and the part that is in contact with society is missing.

　　"In the process of children’s growth, it is not only the school that has an educational role, but also the society. Education should return to a normal state, so that children can participate in social activities independently and find their own interests." Chu Zhaohui said.

　　In addition, Chu Zhaohui emphasized that if the disguised junior high school entrance examination still exists, then the children are still tied to the examination and academic performance, so it is difficult to really reduce the burden. (End)

　　[New Ideas and Practice of Governing the Country]

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, remarkable achievements have been made in strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, but the building of a clean and honest party style and the struggle against corruption still have a long way to go. In his speech at the Seventh Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Supreme Leader pointed out that to further promote the comprehensive and strict administration of the Party, we must treat both the symptoms and the root causes. The key to cure the problem is to innovate institutional mechanisms, improve laws and regulations, strengthen inner-party supervision, establish and improve institutionalized and legal governance mechanisms, comprehensively promote the rule of law, and strictly manage the party and power according to law.

　　The essence of strictly administering the party is to strictly govern power and rule power according to law.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the ruling party. To ensure our party’s long-term governance, we must adhere to the principle of strictly administering the party and governing power according to law. The key to strictly administering the Party lies in strictness and governance, which requires strengthening the awareness of the rule of law and rules, standardizing the operation of power according to law, and strengthening the supervision of power. The Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to improve the restriction and supervision mechanism of power operation, and form an institutional arrangement in which the right must be responsible, the use of power must be responsible, and the abuse of power must be held accountable. This is actually the concrete embodiment of the thought and important concept of the supreme leader comrade about putting power into the system cage. Montesquieu once pointed out that "all people with power are prone to abuse their power, which is an eternal experience". If the dam of laws and party rules is broken, the abuse of power will be like a flood. Strictly administering the party in an all-round way and strengthening power supervision means institutionalizing and legalizing supervision. Specifically, we should do the following two things.

　　Power should be bound by the Constitution and laws. Article 5 of the Constitution stipulates: "All state organs and armed forces, political parties, social organizations, enterprises and institutions must abide by the Constitution and laws. All violations of the Constitution and laws must be investigated. No organization or individual may have privileges beyond the Constitution and laws. " Constitution of the Communist Party of China also emphasized in the general program: "The Party must act within the scope of the Constitution and laws." Our party is the ruling party. Whether we can adhere to the rule of law, correctly lead legislation, take the lead in abiding by the law and ensure law enforcement is of great significance to comprehensively promote the rule of law. Therefore, governing according to law is the key to governing the country according to law. The implementation of ruling by law first requires the party to govern the country according to the constitution and laws. Adhering to the rule of law means that the supervision of power must be ruled by law and form a long-term mechanism of supervision, which will not change with the passage of time and personnel changes.

　　Power should be bound by the laws and regulations of the party. In order to manage a big party with more than 88 million party member, the traditional management method has many unsuitable places. In the new historical period, the internal and external environment faced by the Party is becoming more and more complicated, and the task of self-construction is becoming more and more serious. These changes have put forward higher requirements for the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership style and ruling style, and objectively it is necessary to govern the Party according to the internal laws and regulations of the Party. State-owned laws, the party has party rules, and governing the country according to law requires the party to govern the country according to the Constitution and laws, and also requires the party to govern the party according to the internal laws and regulations of the party. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to "respect party constitution and strictly implement norms and regulations". Inner-party laws and regulations require the behavior standards of all party member and Party organizations, while laws require the behavior standards of all social members, and the behavior standards required by inner-party laws and regulations are stricter than laws. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Code of Integrity and Self-discipline and the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Regulations on Disciplinary Actions, which came into effect in January 2016, have clearly defined party member’s high standards and the discipline of managing the Party. The Constitution and laws are the basis for ensuring the Party to be in power according to law, while the internal laws and regulations of the Party are the rule basis for managing and administering the Party. Only by organically combining laws and party rules can we provide institutional guarantee for the comprehensive and strict administration of the party and lay a solid foundation for comprehensively promoting the rule of law.

　　The core of strictly administering the party and governing power according to law is to safeguard the central authority according to law and ensure the smooth flow of central government decrees.

　　The leadership of the Party is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest advantage of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. To strictly manage the party and power according to law, we must adhere to, improve and implement democratic centralism, and organically combine centralism on the basis of democracy with democracy under centralized guidance. To establish a normal order of inner-party life and ensure the unity of will and actions of the whole party, we must adhere to the fundamental principles that individuals obey the party organization, the minority obeys the majority, the lower organizations obey the higher organizations, and the whole party obeys the central government. The basis of this fundamental principle is that the minority obeys the majority, and the core is that the whole party obeys the Central Committee.

　　To uphold the party’s leadership, we must safeguard the authority of the central government, ensure the centralization and unity of the party, ensure the smooth implementation of the party’s central government decrees and orders, and prevent and overcome acts that are unorganized and undisciplined, have orders that are impossible, have prohibitions, and go their own way. We must resolutely put an end to the phenomenon that there are policies at the top and countermeasures at the bottom. We can’t "you have your closing plan and I have my jumping over the wall". If the party wants to be in power according to law, it must ensure that the central government decrees are smooth and the decision-making takes root by legal means. This is to be good at making the party’s ideas become the will of the state through legal procedures, formulating laws and regulations, and ensuring their strict implementation. In our country, the constitution is the concentrated expression of the will of the party and the people, and it is the fundamental law formed through scientific and democratic procedures. The party leads the people and formulates laws and regulations through legal procedures in accordance with the Constitution, which is to implement democratic centralism, safeguard the authority of the central government and ensure the smooth implementation of government decrees. Because in a society ruled by law, the law is supreme, the law has the highest status, and the rule of law includes equality before the law, and its rules have universal applicability. Compared with the rule of man, it is more certain and predictable. The ancient legalists in China compared the law to the size, rope ink, rules, balance stones, bucket hoops, angular measurement, etc., which was intended to emphasize the unity, fairness and universal applicability of the law. Therefore, to ensure the smooth flow of central government decrees, we should establish and improve the guarantee mechanism of rule of law. At present, in order to maintain the authority of the central government and keep the government decrees unblocked, we must improve the construction of relevant systems with the rule of law, and establish a linkage system between the deployment and implementation of policies at the higher and lower levels.Ensure that the lower-level policy suggestions can be fed back to the higher level in time, and enable the higher-level policy deployment to be effectively communicated to the lower level. At the same time, it is necessary to establish an assessment and inspection system for policy implementation, and evaluate and inspect the policy communication in all links. Organizations and individuals that hinder policy communication should be held accountable according to law.

　　The key to strictly administering the party and governing power according to law is the leading cadres in party member.

　　Our party is the ruling party, and some leading cadres not only hold positions within the party, but also take charge of public power. In order to ensure their exercise of power according to law, public power must be restrained by law, which is also the proper content of regulating public power with the rule of law. The key point of strictly administering the party and governing the power according to law is "the key minority", which requires leading cadres in party member to firmly establish the awareness of the rule of law, cultivate the ideas and habits of advocating, respecting and acting in strict accordance with the law, always have awe of the law, bear in mind that the legal red line cannot be crossed and the legal bottom line cannot be touched, strictly exercise their functions and powers within the scope of the Constitution and laws, and no one can enjoy privileges other than those stipulated by the Constitution and laws. Must adhere to the administration according to law, the law does not authorize, and the statutory authority must be. Leading cadres in party member should take the lead in abiding by the law, set an example in obeying the law, and play an exemplary role in the whole society. Strictly administering the party and governing power according to law also needs to solve the problem of supervision by the top leaders. The top leaders in leading bodies at all levels are the "key minority". The more important the responsibilities and positions of leading cadres are, the more important it is to strengthen supervision. China’s revised Administrative Procedure Law stipulates that "the person in charge of the accused administrative organ should appear in court to respond to the lawsuit", which strengthens the supervision of the chief executive from the legal point of view. In order to ensure the leading cadres in party member to exercise their functions and powers according to law, we must also improve the accountability mechanism, and insist that the responsibility must be asked and the accountability must be strict.Without clear responsibility, implementation and accountability, it will be difficult to truly manage the party strictly.

　　At present, China is in the stage of social transformation, with profound changes in economic system, social structure, interest pattern, ideas and concepts, and various social contradictions constantly emerging. The basic function of law is to settle disputes and stop disputes, and the law will program the schemes and ways to solve various disputes, providing the most stable and effective solutions for the settlement of social contradictions and disputes. Resolving social contradictions and disputes through law can avoid arbitrariness and differences in dispute resolution and ensure fairness. In practice, some leading cadres are indifferent to the law and lack the consciousness of exercising their functions and powers according to law, which is not only not conducive to resolving contradictions, but may lead to further intensification of contradictions. In this context, it is more important for leading cadres in party member to establish the rule of law thinking and be good at using the rule of law.

　　Strictly administering the party and governing power according to law must guarantee party member’s democratic supervision rights according to law and regulations.

　　Strengthening inner-party supervision focuses on daily life and perseverance. Strengthening party member’s democratic supervision right is an important measure to effectively prevent decision-making mistakes and abuse of power. In reality, some party member cadres, bending the law, constantly touch the legal bottom line, the most fundamental reason is the lack of supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to unblock the channels for party member to participate in the discussion of inner-party affairs, broaden the channels for party member to express his opinions, and create a political atmosphere for democratic discussion within the party. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that some party organizations and party member lacked the courage to use the weapon of criticism and self-criticism, which ultimately hurt the party’s cause. Making good use of criticism and self-criticism to safeguard party member’s democratic supervision right is an important way to improve inner-party supervision.

　　To strengthen inner-party supervision, we must establish and improve the effective mechanism of inner-party democratic supervision, and effectively protect the rights of democratic supervision in party member according to law. According to the provisions of the Constitution of the Communist Party of China, every party member enjoys the right to criticize, report and demand recall. In recent years, our party has attached great importance to the construction of the inner-party supervision system and established a series of specific democratic systems, such as the democratic life meeting system, the democratic appraisal of party member system, the inner-party reporting and accusation system, and the rights protection system in party member. The two inner-party laws and regulations that came into effect in January this year are both the guarantee and the basis for institutionalizing democratic supervision. On the one hand, supervision must be carried out in accordance with laws and regulations, which requires the full protection of party member’s democratic supervision rights through party rules, so as to realize the institutionalization and legalization of democratic supervision in party member. At the same time, practical measures should be taken to ensure that party member’s democratic rights, such as democratic participation, democratic election, democratic decision-making and democratic supervision, stipulated by party constitution, are fully exercised. On the other hand, in order to further play the role of democratic supervision in party member, it is necessary to institutionalize supervision and establish comprehensive, systematic and operable procedures and rules. We should constantly broaden and improve the channels of inner-party democracy, so as to realize party member’s extensive participation, effective management and effective supervision of inner-party affairs. In addition, we should broaden the channels of reporting, exposing, appealing, accusing and petitioning in party member, formulate a specific and strict system with strong operability, and expand the scope of party member’s participation in the management and supervision of cadres.

　　The key to strictly administering the party and governing power according to law is to punish corruption according to law and ensure equality before the law.

　　Strictly administering the party in an all-round way and punishing corruption must be firmly grasped. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that anti-corruption should be carried out with no forbidden zone, full coverage and zero tolerance, and efforts should be made to curb the spread of corruption and punish unhealthy practices and corruption around the masses. To punish corruption, we must insist on investigating every case and correcting every mistake. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the anti-corruption campaign has been "fighting tigers" and "swatting flies" simultaneously, severely punishing corruption, promoting the implementation of responsibilities with serious accountability, showing a new atmosphere in the political life within the Party, winning the hearts and minds of the Party and providing an important guarantee for creating a new situation in the cause of the Party and the country. Judging from the anti-corruption cases that have been disclosed, it has truly achieved "no forbidden zone against corruption" and "zero tolerance" for corruption. This shows that there is no special citizen in our country, and there is no special party member in our party, which truly implements equality before the law and party rules. However, it must be noted that the anti-corruption situation is still grim, and we must always maintain a high-pressure situation against corruption. We must prevent corruption fundamentally by strictly administering the party and the country according to law and relying on the system. In accordance with the requirements of comprehensively administering the country according to law and strictly administering the party in an all-round way, accountability and investigation of cases of violation of law and discipline should be carried out in strict accordance with the law and regulations. Dare to investigate and handle cases, dare to be disciplined and accountable, and dare to touch the truth. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out organizational and institutional innovation, promote the reform of the national supervision system, comprehensively integrate anti-corruption resources, expand the scope of supervision, and establish a centralized, unified, authoritative and efficient supervision system and mechanism.

　　Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out that "popular support is the greatest politics, and justice is the strongest force". Governing the country must first govern the party, and the party must be strict. To strictly manage the party in an all-round way, we must govern power according to law and comprehensively promote the rule of law, which can provide long-term and effective institutional guarantee for strictly administering the party in an all-round way.

　　 (Wang Liming is the executive vice president of China Renmin University)