Total assets per household in each province

　　How many assets do urban households in China have? How much debt is there? Is the household debt risk controllable? The latest investigation and study by the investigation and statistics department of the central bank gives the answer. On April 24th, WeChat official account, the official WeChat of China Finance magazine, published the research report "Survey on the Assets and Liabilities of Urban Households in China in 2019", which was written by the research group of the Survey and Statistics Department of the People’s Bank of China.

　　In the middle and late October of 2019, the research group of assets and liabilities of urban households of the Survey and Statistics Department of the People’s Bank of China conducted an assets and liabilities survey on more than 30,000 urban households in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). This is one of the most complete and detailed surveys on the assets and liabilities of urban residents in China.

　　According to the report, the three provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) with the highest household assets are Beijing, Shanghai and Jiangsu, among which the average household assets of Beijing residents are 8.928 million yuan.

　　Family assets are mainly real estate.

　　Every household has 1.5 suites.

　　According to the survey data, the average total assets of urban households is 3.179 million yuan, and the median is 1.63 million yuan. The difference between the mean and the median is 1.549 million yuan.

　　After deducting the assets from the liabilities, the net assets obtained can more truly reflect the wealth level of the households. According to the survey data, the average net worth of urban households in China is 2.89 million yuan. The median net worth of a family is 1.41 million yuan, which is 1.48 million yuan lower than the average.

　　In terms of economic regions, the eastern region is significantly higher than other regions. The average total assets of households in the eastern region are 4.61 million yuan, which are 1.975 million yuan, 2.534 million yuan and 2.96 million yuan higher than those in the central, western and northeastern regions respectively.

　　The survey shows that the household assets of urban residents in China are mainly physical assets, with an average of 2.53 million yuan, accounting for 80% of the total household assets.

　　Of the physical assets, 74.2% are housing assets, and the average household housing assets are 1.878 million yuan. The proportion of residents’ housing assets to total household assets is 59.1%.

　　The survey shows that the housing ownership rate of urban households in China is 96.0%, the proportion of households with one house is 58.4%, the proportion of households with two houses is 31.0%, the proportion of households with three or more houses is 10.5%, and the average household owns 1.5 houses. The overall housing ownership rate of American households is 63.7%, which is 32.3 percentage points lower than that of China.

　　The more houses owned by urban households, the lower the proportion of housing assets in their household assets. The proportion of housing assets in the total assets of a family with one house is 64.3%, that of a family with two houses is 62.7%, and that of a family with three or more houses is 51.0%. This is mainly because families with multiple properties are more inclined to diversify their assets after solving their basic housing needs.

　　Risk-free financial assets per household are 350,000 yuan.

　　The total debt per household is 512,000 yuan.

　　According to the survey, 99.7% of the families surveyed have financial assets, with an average financial asset of 649,000 yuan, accounting for 20.4% of the total family assets. Compared with the United States, the proportion of financial assets of urban households in China is low, which is 22.1 percentage points lower than that of the United States.

　　The families are sorted by financial assets and physical assets from low to high. The financial assets owned by the families with the highest 10% financial assets account for 58.3% of all sample families, while the assets owned by the families with the highest 10% physical assets account for 47.1%. It can be seen that the imbalance of financial assets is more significant.

　　The survey shows that the holding rate of risk-free financial assets in the surveyed families is 99.6%, and the average household is 352,000 yuan; The holding rate of risk financial assets is 59.6%, and the average household is 501,000 yuan. From the survey sample as a whole, the average household holds 350,000 yuan of risk-free financial assets, accounting for 53.9% of the total financial assets, which is higher than the risk-free financial assets.

　　In terms of household liabilities, the survey shows that the proportion of households with liabilities is 56.5%. In terms of regions, the household debt participation rate in Northeast China is the lowest, accounting for 42.1%; 57.9% in the east and 55.7% in the middle; The highest in the western region is 60.1%.

　　Among the indebted families, the total debt per household is 512,000 yuan. Among them, 53.8% households have a debt balance of less than 300,000 yuan, 35.6% households have a debt balance of 300,000 to 1 million yuan, and 10.5% households have a debt balance of more than 1 million yuan. The liabilities of urban households are mainly bank loans. Among households with debts, the average bank loan is 496,000 yuan, accounting for 96.8% of the total liabilities of households.

　　The proportion of liabilities outside the banking system is low, only 3.2%, of which the average household liabilities of private loans and Internet financial products loans are 12,000 yuan and 0.1 million yuan respectively, accounting for 2.4% and 0.2% of the total household liabilities respectively.

　　From the perspective of debt use, mortgage is the basic composition of household debt. Among the indebted households, 76.8% have housing loans, and the average household housing loan balance is 389,000 yuan, accounting for 75.9% of the total household liabilities.

　　analyse

　　The household debt risk is generally controllable.

　　The report pointed out that the asset-liability ratio of urban households is generally stable and their solvency is generally strong.

　　Overall, the asset-liability ratio of urban households in China is relatively low. The survey shows that the average asset-liability ratio of urban households in China is 9.1%, which is lower than that of the United States (12.1%). Among them, the average asset-liability ratio of indebted families is 14.8%, and the median is 15.8%.

　　According to the report, the solvency of urban households in China is generally strong. According to the survey data, the average debt service income ratio of urban households is 18.4%, of which the mortgage debt service income ratio is 9.1%. The average debt service income ratio of indebted households is 29.5%, and the median is 26.7%.

　　According to the results of the investigation, the research group puts forward two problems that need to be paid attention to. First, the financial asset-liability ratio of households is relatively high, and there is a certain liquidity risk. The survey shows that the financial asset-liability ratio of urban households in China is 44.6%, among which the average financial asset-liability ratio of indebted households is 85.3% and the median is 117.3%, and the financial asset-liability ratio of more than half of households exceeds 100%. It can be seen that although the overall asset-liability ratio of residents is stable, the liquidity of assets is poor and there is a certain liquidity risk.

　　Second, the debt risk of some families is relatively high, mainly manifested in: some low-asset families are insolvent and the risk of default is high; Young and middle-aged groups have great debt pressure and high debt risk; There are many financial products such as wealth management, asset management and trust invested by the elderly groups, which are risky; The debt risk of just-needed mortgage families is outstanding. (Reporter Cheng Wei)

The scene of the game. Photo courtesy of Qinhuai River Company

Measure the first historical and cultural river in China with paddles, and enjoy the ancient city of Jinling on the Qinhuai River. At 6: 30 am on December 2nd, at the dock of Shicheng Park on Qinhuai River, the contestants of the 3rd Nanjing Rowing Marathon Open were ready to challenge the single rower to row the whole horse (42.195km) and the half horse (21.0975km).

According to the relevant person in charge of Qinhuai River Company, the innovative competition form and extremely challenging difficulty of the event are the first in China, which provides a new opportunity for the national contestants to "look at Nanjing from another angle" and also shows a new business card for Qinhuai River to strive for a global water gold track.

The scene of the game. Photo courtesy of Qinhuai River Company

After more than four hours of competition, Shi Haiming, a marathon runner in men’s single rowing, won the men’s team championship with a historical best score of 4 hours, 07 minutes and 01 seconds. Gu Yongheng was runner-up in 4 hours, 25 minutes and 41 seconds. Jason, president of Nanjing Rowing Association, is the oldest contestant in this competition. He has been participating in rowing marathon for three years at the age of 68, and won the third place in this competition in 4 hours, 36 minutes and 18 seconds.

Dr. Li Shengnan from Nantah Rowing Team, the first women’s single rowing marathon, won the women’s championship with the best time of 4 hours, 42 minutes and 03 seconds.

Winners celebrate the scene. Photo courtesy of Qinhuai River Company

The competition for the men’s single rowing half marathon was fierce. The top three finished the race within 2 hours, and Guo Wei won the championship in 1 hour, 51 minutes and 21 seconds. Jin Kewei won the runner-up in 1 hour, 57 minutes and 50 seconds; Gu Rong won the third place in 1 hour, 59 minutes and 55 seconds. Wan Wei and Miao Xudong, who participated for the first time, won the fourth and fifth place respectively.

It is understood that this event is guided by Nanjing Rowing Association, sponsored by China Boat Group and hosted by Nanjing Boat Friends Rowing Club. In terms of cultural excavation, the competition provided the contestants with detailed river maps in advance, as well as story explanations of historical and cultural allusions, paddled among them, moved to change scenery, and their mood rippled in history and culture. In recent years, water sports in Nanjing have experienced explosive growth, and more people have actually enjoyed the achievements of environmental governance in Nanjing. Bathing in the sun and paddling the Qinhuai River has become a new choice for Nanjing citizens to keep fit. (Chen Jian)

　　Cctv news: The State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau issued a notice on matters related to the connection between individual tax deferred commercial endowment insurance pilot and individual pension. The full text is as follows:

　　Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian and Xiamen Supervision Bureaus of the State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau, China Bank Insurance Information Technology Management Co., Ltd., a pilot company of personal tax deferred commercial endowment insurance:

　　In order to implement the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Development of Individual Pensions (No.7 [2022] of the State Council), the Measures for the Implementation of Individual Pensions (No.70 [2022] of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security), and the Notice of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China on Relevant Matters Concerning Insurance Companies’ Personal Pensions (No.17 [2022] of the Banking Insurance Regulatory Commission), and promote the healthy and orderly development of individual pension businesses, In consultation with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the State Administration of Taxation, the General Administration of Financial Supervision decided to carry out the pilot project of individual tax deferred commercial endowment insurance (hereinafter referred to as individual tax deferred endowment insurance) and the convergence of individual pensions. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　1. The pilot company of individual tax deferred pension insurance (hereinafter referred to as the pilot company) shall adhere to the principles of compliance, initiative and convenient operation, do a good job in policy propaganda, optimize the handling process, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of customers, carry out the pilot business of individual tax deferred pension insurance in an orderly manner, and in principle complete all the work before the end of 2023.

　　Second, China Bank Insurance Information Technology Management Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Yinbaoxin Company) shall strengthen the construction and operation management of the information platform of individual tax deferred pension insurance and the information platform of individual pension in the banking insurance industry (hereinafter referred to as the platform of bancassurance industry), and support the connection between the pilot of individual tax deferred pension insurance and individual pension.

　　III. Yinbaoxin Co., Ltd. shall co-ordinate the confirmation of the policy information of individual tax deferred pension insurance. Within three working days from the date of issuance of this notice, Yinbaoxin Co., Ltd. shall provide its individual tax deferred pension insurance policy information, including basic information of the insured and payment information, to all pilot companies according to the information of the individual tax deferred pension insurance information platform. Since September 1st, 2023, Yinbaoxin Company has closed the new interface of insurance contract of tax deferred pension insurance information platform, stopped the new account opening function of tax deferred pension insurance policyholders (hereinafter referred to as policyholders), and stopped issuing tax deduction vouchers for tax deferred pension insurance to policyholders.

　　Four, the pilot company will check the information provided by the bank insurance company with the relevant information of the company, and the inconsistent information shall be confirmed with the bank insurance company one by one. Within 15 working days from the date of issuance of this notice, the pilot company shall determine the policy information of individual tax deferred endowment insurance and feed it back to the bancassurance company. Since September 1, 2023, the pilot company stopped selling tax deferred pension insurance products to new customers, and supported the change of tax deferred pension insurance policy to personal pension tax deferred pension insurance policy.

　　5. After the pilot company completes the docking with the platform system of the bancassurance industry, it shall submit a description of the docking to the General Administration of Financial Supervision, and the General Administration of Financial Supervision shall include the individual tax deferred pension insurance products it has conducted in the list of individual pension insurance products. Individual tax deferred pension insurance products of pilot companies that have not carried out individual tax deferred pension insurance business shall not be included in the list of individual pension insurance products.

　　If a pilot company applies for filing other personal pension insurance products, it shall meet the requirements for the insurance company to carry out personal pension business.

　　Six, the pilot company shall support the insured who has not yet entered the stage of receiving the pension annuity, and after completing the opening of the personal pension account and the opening or designation of the personal pension fund account, the application for changing the tax deferred pension insurance policy to the personal pension tax deferred pension insurance policy is put forward.

　　Seven, after receiving the applicant’s application for policy change, the pilot company shall prompt it to check the tax deferred old-age insurance payment and personal pension fund account payment in 2022 and 2023. If the above two payments totaled more than 12,000 yuan in that year, the applicant can apply for a refund of the excess premium of tax deferred old-age insurance with the relevant payment certificate. The pilot company shall obtain the confirmation of the insured whether it is necessary to refund part of the premium to it.

　　If the applicant applies for refund of the premium, the pilot company shall verify the relevant certificates within 10 working days, refund the excess premium and obtain the confirmation of the applicant.

　　Eight, the pilot company in accordance with the provisions of article seventh of this notice to obtain the confirmation of the insured, in accordance with the following procedures for policy changes:

　　(1) Preserve the individual tax deferred endowment insurance policy by changing the bank account information of the applicant, and notify the applicant of the processing result;

　　(two) the preservation information submitted to the tax deferred pension insurance information platform;

　　(three) to stop the business operation of the insured’s tax deferred pension insurance policy;

　　(4) Check the basic information of the tax deferred pension insurance policy, the premium information of the tax deferred pension insurance paid and the account value information with the bancassurance company and submit them to the bancassurance industry platform.

　　Nine, after the completion of the policy change, the pilot company shall make a prompt to the insured on the following matters, and obtain the confirmation of the insured:

　　The tax deferred pension insurance policy has been changed into a personal pension tax deferred pension insurance policy, and the insured subsequently pays the premium through the personal pension fund account; The insured needs to check the total amount paid by the individual tax deferred pension insurance policy and the individual pension fund account, and make reasonable arrangements for the subsequent individual pension fund account payment in the remaining time of 2023 according to the annual payment ceiling of 12,000 yuan. The payment beyond the limit cannot be deducted before personal income tax.

　　According to the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Individual Income Tax Policies for Individual Pensions (Announcement No.34 of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation, 2022), Shanghai, Fujian, Suzhou Industrial Park and other areas that have implemented the pilot project of individual tax deferred old-age insurance will be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the announcement from January 1, 2022, that is, the total expenditure of individuals purchasing individual tax deferred old-age insurance and the payment to individual pension fund accounts can be within the limit of 12,000 yuan per year.

　　Ten, such as the applicant’s application, the pilot company can through the policy approval way, the individual pension tax deferred pension insurance policy for the following treatment:

　　(a) add a one-time collection method to the contract, and the collection amount is the value of the product account at the time of collection;

　　(2) Add a clause in the contract that allows the insured to surrender, but in the case of new surrender, the cash value of the first three policy years shall not be less than 97%, 98% and 99% of the account value.

　　Personal pension tax deferred pension insurance policy surrender and receive related funds should meet the requirements of closed management of personal pension fund accounts.

　　Eleven, in the process of connecting the pilot business of individual tax deferred pension insurance with personal pension, the bank insurance company shall submit relevant information to the tax authorities as required.

　　The pilot company shall submit information to the bancassurance industry platform in accordance with the provisions when carrying out the business related to individual pension tax deferred pension insurance policies. The bancassurance company shall submit relevant information to the personal pension information management service platform in accordance with the regulations.

　　Twelve, the pilot company shall not support the application for policy change put forward by the insured who has begun to receive the pension annuity.

　　Thirteen, for the insured who has started to receive the pension annuity, the pilot company can add a one-time payment method to the tax deferred pension insurance contract through policy approval according to their application, and the amount received is the difference between the personal account value at the end of the accumulation period of the tax deferred pension insurance product and the amount received. When an individual receives it according to the regulations, the pilot company shall withhold and remit the personal income tax payable.

　　Fourteen, since the date of issuance of this notice, the pilot company shall make a three-month announcement through its official website, and take one of three ways in turn, namely telephone, text message and writing, to give tips on the following contents:

　　(a) the time schedule for the pilot company to carry out the pilot business of individual tax deferred pension insurance and personal pension;

　　(two) the requirements and procedures for the policy change and refund of the insured who has not yet entered the stage of receiving the pension annuity;

　　(three) the requirements and procedures for the applicant who has started to receive the pension annuity to apply for a one-time payment;

　　(four) the requirements and procedures for the change of individual pension tax deferred pension insurance policy;

　　(five) the service situation of the tax deferred pension insurance information platform;

　　(6) Requirements for the closed management of individual pension fund accounts;

　　(7) Preferential tax policies for individual pensions;

　　(eight) other matters related to the protection of the rights and interests of the insured.

　　Fifteen, since January 1, 2024, the tax deferred pension insurance information platform stopped providing account management, renewal payment, information inquiry and other services for the insured. After the pilot project of individual tax deferred pension insurance and personal pension are fully completed, the information platform of individual tax deferred pension insurance stops serving. The pilot company shall do a good job in the policy management of the insured who has not joined the individual pension system.

　　16. From now until December 31, 2023, the pilot company shall submit the progress of the connection between the pilot business of individual tax deferred pension insurance and individual pension to Yinbaoxin Company within 5 working days after the end of each month. The bancassurance company shall, within 10 working days after the end of each month, summarize the situation of the pilot companies and submit a report to the General Administration of Financial Supervision.

　　CCTV News:Preventing and resolving financial risks, especially preventing systemic financial risks, is the fundamental task of financial work and the eternal theme of financial work. At present, how healthy is China’s financial system? What new progress has been made in risk mitigation in key areas? This reporter interviewed Pan Gongsheng, Party Secretary and President of the People’s Bank of China.

　　Resolve financial risks in key areas in an orderly manner.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:At present, China’s financial system is generally sound. The People’s Bank of China will conscientiously implement the deployment of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and resolutely hold the bottom line that systemic financial risks will not occur.

　　How to keep the bottom line? Pan Gongsheng introduced,At the macro level, we should grasp the dynamic balance between economic growth, economic structure adjustment and financial risk prevention.At the same time, alsoEffectively improve the effectiveness of financial supervision, strengthen supervision coordination, form a joint force of supervision, and bring all kinds of financial activities into supervision according to law.

　　Pan Gongsheng also highlighted the latest situation of orderly risk resolution in three key areas: local government debt, real estate and small and medium-sized banks.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:ResolvingFinancing platform debt riskAt present, important progress has been made, the number of financing platforms and the level of existing debt have been declining, most of the debts due to financing platforms have been succeeded, reorganized and replaced, and the financing cost burden has dropped significantly compared with before. existFinancial support for real estate riskIn terms of solution, we made comprehensive measures from both sides of supply and demand, lowered the down payment ratio of mortgage loans and mortgage interest rates for many times, set up affordable housing refinancing to support the acquisition of existing commercial housing, and accelerated the construction of a new model of real estate development. ResolvingRisk of small and medium-sized financial institutionsOn the other hand, the number of high-risk small and medium-sized banks has dropped by nearly half compared with the peak.

　　Pan Gongsheng also introduced that the People’s Bank of China will accelerate the legislation related to financial stability, promote the construction of financial stability guarantee system, strengthen the guarantee of risk disposal resources, effectively guarantee financial security and effectively prevent systemic financial risks.

　　Do a good job in the "five big articles" of finance

　　The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee put forward that "technology and finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance and digital finance should be actively developed, and quality financial services for major strategies, key areas and weak links should be strengthened."

　　In this regard, Pan Gongsheng said that doing a good job in the "five major articles" of finance is an important focus for the high-quality development of the financial services real economy.

　　Pan Gongsheng said that in recent years, with the increasing financial support, the average annual growth rate of China’s inclusive small and micro loans, green loans, medium and long-term loans for high-tech manufacturing industries and loans for small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in the past five years has been around 20% ~ 30%, which is much higher than the average growth rate of various loans.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:The availability of financing has improved significantly.Financing cost is at a historical low.. At the same time, the rapid development of online finance and mobile finance in China has played an important role in improving transaction efficiency, reducing transaction costs and enhancing the inclusiveness of finance, and has become one of the highlights of China’s financial development.

　　The data shows that at present, there are more than 60 million micro-credit households in China, covering about one-third of the business entities; The loan rate of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises is close to 50%. In June, the weighted average interest rate of new private enterprise loans was less than 4%.

　　Pan Gongsheng said that in the next step, the People’s Bank of China will strengthen cooperation with the management departments of industries such as industry, information technology and environmental protection, further enhance the strength, sustainability and professionalism of financial support, strengthen the top-level design of policies, strengthen positive incentives, enhance the service capacity of financial institutions, broaden financing channels, and guide financial institutions to do the "five major articles" in finance.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:The People’s Bank of China will focus on major national science and technology projects, small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises and other key areas and weak links, give full play to the role of scientific and technological innovation and technological transformation refinancing, work with relevant departments to cultivate a financial market ecology that supports scientific and technological innovation, improve the mechanism of "fundraising, investment, management and withdrawal" of venture capital, guide financial capital to invest in early, small, long-term and hard technology, meet the financing needs of scientific and technological enterprises at different life cycle stages, and continuously improve the ability and intensity of financial support for scientific and technological innovation.

　　Promote high-level financial opening from five aspects

　　The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed to promote a high level of financial openness, steadily and prudently promote the internationalization of RMB, and develop the offshore RMB market.

　　Financial openness is an inevitable requirement for building a financial power. How will the People’s Bank of China implement it?

　　Pan Gongsheng introduced that the People’s Bank of China will adhere to the orientation of marketization, rule of law and internationalization, enhance the transparency, stability and predictability of the financial opening policy, continue to promote high-level financial opening, and focus on five aspects.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:One isDeepen the institutional opening of the financial sector.Promote the high-level opening of financial services and financial markets in an orderly manner. The second isSteady and prudentSolidly promote the internationalization of RMB. We will continue to improve the cross-border RMB policy on the basis of market-driven and independent choice.

　　At the same time, the People’s Bank of China will also support the construction of Shanghai as an international financial center, give play to the role of the International Monetary Fund as the Shanghai regional center, and enhance macroeconomic policy exchanges and coordination among countries in the Asia-Pacific region. We will continue to deepen financial cooperation between the Mainland and Hong Kong, strengthen the function of offshore RMB business hub in Hong Kong, and consolidate and enhance the status of international finance centre.

　　In addition, the People’s Bank of China willCreate a more friendly and inclusive business environment. Coordinate the reform of cross-border RMB and foreign exchange management, and improve the level of cross-border trade and investment and financing facilitation. Continuously improve the level of payment services.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:Remarkable results have been achieved in facilitating the payment of foreign personnel in China. Foreign visitors to China can flexibly choose various payment methods such as bank card, cash and mobile payment. We will continue to do a good job in providing better, more efficient and convenient payment services for foreigners coming to China.

　　Pan Gongsheng introduced that the People’s Bank of China will continue to deeply participate in international financial governance and promote global macroeconomic and financial policy coordination by relying on platforms such as the G20, the International Monetary Fund and the Bank for International Settlements. We will implement the consensus reached at the meeting between the heads of state of China and the United States in San Francisco and take the lead in doing a good job in the financial working groups of China, the United States and China.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:The development experience of China’s financial market shows that opening wider to the outside world is a powerful driving force and an important guarantee for high-quality financial development, and it is a key measure to enhance the ability to serve the real economy and international competitiveness. We will unswervingly do a good job in financial opening.

　　The latest data shows that,By the end of July, foreign investors held 4.5 trillion yuan of Chinese bonds, a record high.

CCTV News:"This is a carved hollow movement I recently designed, which incorporates some traditional China culture … …” Li Jiaqi, director of the technical center of Tianjin Seagull Watch Group Co., Ltd., is communicating with colleagues with a watch movement. Once an ordinary watch is carefully crafted by Li Jiaqi, it is not only a precise instrument to show time, but also a work of art, history and culture.

As a national watchmaker, for more than 30 years, Li Jiaqi has always pursued the ultimate and adhered to his ingenuity. While accompanying the growth of Seagull Watch, he also carved his own life.

Diligence and perseverance make the dream of a watch craftsman come true.

In 1981, 18-year-old Li Jiaqi came to Tianjin Watch Factory and opened it from that moment on.heThe prelude from an ordinary worker to an excellent craftsman.

After entering the workplace, Li Jiaqi understood every word and action of the masters with his heart. In Li Jiaqi’s view, what he learned from his predecessors is not only professional technology, but also the cultural heritage of Excellence and diligence and innovation.

In 2001, the company decided to send young employees to attend the training course of numerical control theory, and Li Jiaqi volunteered after learning about it. Because of his older age, Li Jiaqi used his spare time to do his homework to make up for his age weakness with diligence. In the end, Li Jiaqi lived up to expectations and was sent to Switzerland to study with excellent results.

In 2003, Li Jiaqi developed the first real hollowed-out watch in the domestic watch industry, from modeling design, programming, equipment debugging, sample trial production, manual polishing to final movement assembly, all of which were completed by him personally. This watch is favored by the market for its transparent visual effect and fine hand polishing. Since the movement came out, the average annual order quantity is several hundred thousand pieces, and its price is nearly 2 times higher than that of the same non-hollowed movement.

Carved and hollowed-out watches occupy a very important position in the watch family. In 2005, Li Jiaqi successfully completed the design and manufacture of the first tourbillon carved and hollowed-out watch in China, and this product won the gold medal of the first "Intellectual Property Cup" product design competition in Tianjin and the patent bonus award of the Tianjin municipal government. On this basis, he also designed and manufactured the first double tourbillon carved and hollowed-out watch in China, and won the "Binhai New Area International Industrial Design Government Jingwei Award".

Double tourbillon carved and hollowed-out watch is a high-end complex mechanical watch, which perfectly combines the elements of China classical auspicious clouds with the elements of western vines and becomes a beautiful landscape in the domestic watch market. This watch is limited to 90 pieces, and the price is RMB 220,000. The 10x movement model of this watch was exhibited at the first World Expo in Shanghai, China.

Strive for Excellence to build the Chinese core of watches

Li Jiaqi’s work and life are completely integrated. In his spare time, he will take pictures of every pattern he thinks is valuable with his mobile phone and record every moment of inspiration with a pen.

Li Jiaqi believes that culture is the soul of products. As a watchmaker, he should not only be rigorous and dedicated in his work, but also have the ability to innovate in his work, so that every watch made by him has innovation.

On the outer wall of Li Jiaqi’s studio, there is an enlarged view of the watch design of the Zodiac Tiger. This design with Chinese historical and cultural connotations is his masterpiece. "This is a tourbillon watch, surrounded by a common pattern in China’s classical works, called palindromes, which means happiness is continuous. I transformed it into ‘ SG’ The words, which is the English abbreviation of seagull watch brand. " Li Jiaqi introduced.

By chance, jiefang bridge on the Haihe River in Tianjin also inspired Li Jiaqi’s creation. On the movement with a diameter of only 37 mm, the miniature jiefang bridge can achieve the same opening function as the real thing by gear transmission, and each opening and closing time is 6 minutes. In addition, the highlight of this watch is that it not only shows the unique historical features and cultural characteristics of Tianjin, but also vividly reproduces the famous classic bridge spanning the Haihe River for 90 years. It is also the first watch with dynamic patterns on the watch surface in the history of seagull watchmaking. This watch has been shown at China Shenzhen Watch Fair, Hong Kong Watch Fair and Basel International Watch Expo, attracting great attention from peers and customers.

Participated in the research and development of China’s first two-question table in Li Jiaqi.(In the whole 18th century, the two-question meter was the main type of inquiry meter. The two-question meter could give out two different tones, namely "time" and "quarter (15 minutes)", which came in handy when the time could not be recognized in the dark. )In the process, he was deeply impressed by the machining process of a part. Its length was less than 1.2mm, its width was 0.5mm, and there was a hole with a diameter of 0.3mm on it, which was equivalent to a quarter of the size of a sesame. The shape tolerance of this part required 0.02mm, which was equivalent to a quarter of the diameter of hair, so it was difficult to machine it. To this end, he and his colleagues forgot to eat and sleep, and fought continuously. It took only one week to develop a whole new processing technology.

Today, dozens of carved and hollowed-out watches designed and manufactured by Li Jiaqi have participated in the Basel exhibition in Switzerland, which is known as the international watch feast. Now he has 108 national authorized patents, including utility models. Li Jiaqi often said: "Love and dedication is the foundation of craftsman spirit, a virtue, and an attitude towards career and occupation. No matter what kind of occupation you are engaged in, you must be dedicated. Only by being dedicated can you achieve your career."

The craftsman’s way of carrying forward the past and spreading the fire.

"As the technical backbone of the enterprise, it is my duty to make every effort to pass on the craftsman spirit from generation to generation." Li Jiaqi often said, "Doing this business means learning, accumulating, and re-imparting. I, who grew up with the help of the older generation, can best understand ‘ Mentoring band ’ The importance of. "

Over the years, Li Jiaqi has not only been constantly learning to improve his skills and cultural quality, but also set an example, carried forward the fine tradition of "mentoring" in enterprises, and carefully trained a group of professional and technical backbones. While he taught his craft, he also conveyed the spirit of patience, concentration and persistence, which is also the trait that all craftsmen must have.

At present, there are apprentices brought out by Li Jiaqi in both corporate headquarters and branches, and most of them are the backbone of key positions. Li Jiaqi is deeply gratified to see that young talents are constantly emerging in the enterprise and the ranks of craftsmen are growing. Now his dream is to label "Made in China" on "World Famous Products".

　　"What is a new e-commerce? What is the new format? Under the support of modern new technology, people, goods, markets and shops of traditional e-commerce are reconstructed with users as the center, which has produced subversive changes and become a new format of development. It is a new format, a new model and a bright road for a businessman and a regional latecomer. In Jilin, which is in a critical period of striving for development, we take the initiative to embrace new e-commerce and new formats … "Jing Junhai, secretary of the Jilin Provincial Party Committee and director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, won wide acclaim from all walks of life for his speech at the first China New E-commerce Conference on October 9.

　　According to statistics, in 2020 alone, Jilin Province held a total of 26,400 live broadcasts with goods, with live broadcast sales reaching 1.45 billion yuan. The development of e-commerce started later than that of Jilin, a developed province in the south. Why has it developed so rapidly in recent years? ""Policy guidance, building a base, setting up a platform, introducing projects, cultivating online celebrity, live broadcasting with goods, broadening channels, and innovating models … Groups of keywords, hot live broadcasting with goods, and a series of constantly refreshing sales may be able to give the answer.

　　At about 9: 30 in the evening, it was raining in Changchun at night. The wet and cold weather didn’t stop people’s footsteps. "Jilin province brand promotion double-creation live broadcast base" is brightly lit and warm. The first China E-commerce Conference online celebrity live delivery project is under way. More than 100 anchors from Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker, Taobao, Xiaohongshu and other platforms broadcast live with goods to help Jilin product sales.

　　The well-known "Xie Guangkun" actor, "Liu Neng" actor, online celebrity Wang Jue, fake lady Xiaolu and so on all came to the live broadcast room to bring goods live. From 7: 00 pm to 9: 45 pm, only online celebrity youth recorder Wang Jue’s live broadcast room had 8,147 transactions, with 5,884 people, and the cumulative turnover reached 270,400 yuan.

　　During the live broadcast, Jilin specialty products such as Tongtian Wine, Heyun Dried Blueberries, Hongbaolai Litchi Soda, Haoyue Dried Beef, Northeast Farmers’ Corn Grains, and Goo Goo Bear Cold Noodles appeared in the live broadcast room and were sold well.

　　Online celebrity anchor brings goods: docking more than 2,000 products from more than 400 merchants in the province.

　　"Friends who like to eat cold noodles can consider placing an order." "Millet crisp made from local millet in Jilin is sweet, delicious and nutritious." "Hongbaolai litchi-flavored beverage is sweet but not greasy." "Dried blueberries are so refreshing." "Korean spicy cabbage tastes so sour and refreshing."

　　In each broadcast room, the table was filled with a dazzling array of Northeast specialties. In front of the bright lights of the broadcast machine, Wang Xiaoli, the actor of "Liu Neng", introduced Humboldt litchi-flavored drinks, black fungus, spicy cabbage, hawthorn drinks and other product features in turn, and interacted with fans frequently.

　　Wang Yu, a teacher from online celebrity, Songyuan, Jilin Province, also came to the live broadcast room. Like other online celebrity anchors, she hoped to contribute to the endorsement of her hometown.

　　In more than an hour’s live broadcast, Wang Jue frequently quoted classics and golden sentences. He admits that this is his first time to speak for his hometown products in front of the live camera. He is a little nervous, but he is full of confidence.

　　"I grew up eating local corn and rice, and I know the quality of my hometown products very well, so I am confident that I will be able to express my product characteristics very well."

　　Talking about the feelings of this e-commerce live broadcast, Wang Wei believes that the anchor’s career lies primarily in credibility. This credibility should be based on the quality of products and fair prices. "It is the responsibility of the network anchor to seize the opportunity to introduce the products from home."

　　Guo Hongmei, the person in charge of product selection and live delivery operation of this live broadcast activity, and the political director of Jilin Zhihui Supply Chain Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Zhihui Technology) told the reporter that in order to run this live broadcast delivery activity well, Zhihui Technology gave full play to the advantages of supply chain and platform resources, docked more than 400 merchants in the province, and selected more than 2,000 products, aiming at promoting Jilin’s characteristic products and helping the revitalization and development of new e-commerce in Jilin by means of digital means. The live broadcast of goods will continue, and more anchors will appear in front of the camera to speak for Jilin’s high-quality goods, showing the thriving development of the new e-commerce industry.

　　Jilin launched a three-year action plan for the development of live e-commerce.

　　China Economic Net reporter learned that as one of the main types of new e-commerce, in recent years, Jilin Province has seized the new opportunities of new e-commerce in live stream economy, catalyzing new technologies, new formats and new models of digital economy.

　　According to reports, in 2020, Jilin Province launched a three-year action plan for the development of live broadcast e-commerce, and adopted measures such as building a base, building a platform, introducing projects, educating online celebrity, launching live broadcast, promoting integration, and expanding channels to build a new system for the development of live broadcast e-commerce with "characteristic base+online celebrity driving+policy guidance".

　　"Holding the first China New E-commerce Conference is of great benefit to our e-commerce industry in Jilin Province," Guo Hongmei said in an interview with China Economic Net reporter. During the actual visit and investigation, we found that agricultural products in Jilin Province are particularly good, such as rice and corn, which are well-known throughout the country. With the development of e-commerce industry in the past two years, black land agricultural products have flown into Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other places.

　　"Moreover, because our merchants in Jilin directly interact with consumers, understand the needs of consumers, and then continuously improve the service quality and product quality, there are often explosive products, such as ginseng, fungus, mushrooms, spicy cabbage, farmer’s soy sauce, etc. The shipments have been high." Guo Hongmei patiently and meticulously explained to reporters.

　　"It must be your happiest thing to see that the sales of some live broadcast rooms have exceeded 180,000, and the sales are still hitting new highs?" Facing the reporter’s question, Guo Hongmei, who has been in the e-commerce industry for five or six years, said: "The happiest thing is not the daily sales growth, but the continuous optimization of the e-commerce industry chain through big data, and the merchants’ awareness of quality and integrity is constantly improving. The e-commerce industry in Jilin Province is booming, which is what makes me happier. But I deeply know that this achievement is hard-won, and we have overcome many difficulties during this period. "

　　Guo Hongmei told a reporter a story: "Everyone likes to eat hazelnuts in the northeast, but the shell is too hard to crack open. Merchants innovatively invented hazelnuts that can be cracked with both hands, but after transportation, the hazelnuts have completely broken away from the shell in the hands of buyers in the south, and consumers don’t buy it. They also teased and said,’ Did you put a squirrel on the box?’"

　　Guo Hongmei said with a smile, it seems to be a humorous story, but behind it, it is our salesmen who make all parties satisfied by coordinating them. Although it is difficult, all parties in the industrial chain are growing. In the end, the buyer not only put forward opinions but also expanded the seller’s ideas. Later, the merchant packaged the hazelnuts independently, so that the hard shell would not fall off again. The products are also popular, and now the products of this company have become online celebrity products.

　　In response to a reporter’s question about whether Jilin’s e-commerce development has long-term competitiveness, Guo Hongmei said that with the continuous introduction of favorable policies by the state and Jilin Province, we have ushered in a good opportunity for e-commerce development. At the same time, in the era when everyone can do live broadcast, the extension of the new e-commerce industry chain is smoother.

　　"The construction of digital supply chain is closely related to logistics. Jilin is located in the northeast, and the logistics cost is high, which lowers the overall advantage of Jilin products to some extent. We fully consider the factors of logistics, and design and establish the mode of "supply chain+logistics+warehousing" in view of the actual situation. Through in-depth cooperation with logistics companies, we can realize the seamless connection between supply chain and logistics delivery, stimulate logistics timeliness and reduce logistics costs. Through the comparison of data in the past two months, it is found that the logistics cost is saved by 11%, the delivery time is increased by 12 hours, and the product praise rate is increased by 4%. " Guo Hongmei told reporters with detailed data, "What our company does is to integrate resources based on demand, support and guide by platform data, build a modular full-chain development model for live e-commerce, help research and development and production of agricultural products, and improve the added value of agricultural products." Guo Hongmei further elaborated that the company started with the guidance of deep processing of agricultural products, the research and development of e-commerce products, the incubation of live talents, and the economic development of online celebrity, hoping to help Jilin Province’s industrial digital transformation through efforts.

　　Speed up the digitalization, networking and intelligence to create "excellent products in Jilin" and "excellent products in Jilin"

　　China Economic Net reporter noted that in recent years, Jilin Province has vigorously promoted the construction of e-commerce demonstration cities, demonstration bases and demonstration enterprises, and cultivated characteristic industrial clusters and key enterprises. In addition, strengthen the demonstration of rural e-commerce and boost rural revitalization to run out of "acceleration".

　　At the same time, Jilin Province has fully implemented the "Three-year Action Plan for the Development of Live E-commerce in Jilin Province (2020-2022)", actively cultivated online live broadcast enterprises and people with goods, built differentiated and distinctive new media live broadcast bases, held live e-commerce summits, forums, live broadcast anchor competitions, live broadcast with goods and other activities with industrial influence, and created "excellent products in Jilin" and "excellent products in Jilin" to promote business entities to break through the traditional marketing model.

　　This live broadcast with goods is just a microcosm of Jilin Province embracing the development of e-commerce industry. According to statistics from third parties, the online retail sales, rural online retail sales and cross-border e-commerce transactions in Jilin Province have increased by more than 20.0% for three consecutive years. There are three national cross-border e-commerce comprehensive test areas, 28 national e-commerce demonstration counties, 134 national and provincial e-commerce demonstration bases and enterprises, and more than 200,000 active e-commerce companies in the whole network, directly solving 1.663 million jobs and indirectly driving more than 7 million jobs. E-commerce has become a stable economic growth in Jilin Province.

　　This year’s e-commerce industry performance is still red. From January to July 2021, the online retail sales, rural online retail sales and cross-border e-commerce transactions in Jilin Province increased by 21.7%, 41.4% and 24.1% respectively.

　　As an old industrial base and a big agricultural province, Jilin Province actively embraces new e-commerce and accelerates the construction of "Digital Jilin". The e-commerce industry has become an important starting point for the steady economic growth, industrial upgrading, urban and rural consumption, mass entrepreneurship, helping farmers get rich and developing foreign trade in Jilin Province.

　　"Jilin must rely on emerging industries to achieve deep integration and development of the real economy and the digital economy. In the future, emerging industries represented by new e-commerce need to constantly innovate models. " Wang Jiwu, chairman of the Digital Economy Committee of China Network Association and chairman of Qidi Holdings, said with deep feelings.(China Economic Net reporter Su Lanwen/photo)

　　For a long time, judicial expertise is time-consuming, laborious and costly, which has been criticized by both parties and judges.

　　In order to do judicial expertise, the parties often need to go back and forth to the court and supplement the materials many times. The information of the appraisal institution is opaque, and the appraisal results often cause doubts, which has become a major pain point affecting the judicial credibility. For judges, it takes a long time to wait for expert opinions, and the expert results are not accepted, which restricts the improvement of the quality and efficiency of handling cases. Some judges said frankly, "Can you try not to do it without making an appraisal?" The quality and effectiveness of judicial expertise has become a "middle obstacle" in the process of handling cases.

　　The reporter of "Legal Daily" learned today from the Intermediate People’s Court of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province that Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court actively explored the management of judicial expertise institutions and the reform of judicial expertise processes, which improved the efficiency of judicial expertise, optimized the quality of judicial expertise, and solved the double troubles of judges and parties.

　　Since July 20th this year, Hangzhou has promoted the online judicial expertise platform in 15 courts in the city. At present, there are 206 professional institutions registered on the online judicial authentication platform of Hangzhou court, 996 accounts entrusted by the judicial authentication are registered online, 2,141 cases of authentication and evaluation are submitted, and 1,260 cases are closed. The average time for closing the case has been shortened from more than two months offline to 30 days.

　　Yu Lili is a front-line post judge in Yuhang District People’s Court. The promotion of online platform has brought a lot of convenience to her work. She lamented: "In the past, when a judge wanted to make an appraisal, he had to hand over the appraisal materials to the department in charge of external entrustment, and then this department entrusted the appraisal institution. Because of insufficient constraints and insufficient motivation of the appraisal institution, it was hard to say when the appraisal result would come back. The case was limited by the trial limit, and the judge was dragged into such a hurry!"

　　It is understood that now, relying on the online judicial appraisal platform, the clerk will scan and upload the appraisal materials and submit them to the platform, and the appraisal can be initiated on the same day. Moreover, you can also set a time limit for the appraisal institutions to reply to the results. The appraisal of assets is 15 working days, the appraisal of forensic medicine, physical evidence and audio-visual materials is 30 working days, and the appraisal of project cost and quality is 60 working days, all of which are very clear. For example, in forensic medicine, the identification of disability grade, delayed construction period, nursing period and nutrition period can be completed in 15 working days, which greatly improves the identification efficiency.

　　The start of Hangzhou online forensic platform can be traced back to February 2017. In order to further solve the problems existing in judicial expertise and practice the reform goal of "running at most once", under the guidance of Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court, Yuhang Court took the lead in using the mature "online data integration" processing platform in the field of road traffic disputes to carry out online judicial expertise; In October 2017, the Higher People’s Court of Zhejiang Province approved and determined Yuhang Court as the pilot court for online appraisal reform of civil cases in the province; On July 20 this year, this work was officially launched in Hangzhou. At present, the online appraisal platform has basically covered most types of judicial appraisal in Hangzhou courts through the trial and promotion of the first, second and third phases. Through the online platform, the data of the court, the appraisal institution and the parties can be shared, which is convenient for tracking the appraisal process in time.

　　Zhuang Gencai, vice president of Yuhang Court, told the reporter: "After each appraisal is completed, the judge can score the appraisal institution, which is similar to online shopping ‘ Praise ’ , which will directly affect the ‘ Take orders ’ Situation, so they all attach great importance to it. You can get feedback in time without running errands many times. The promotion of the online appraisal platform has greatly improved the quality and efficiency of appraisal and the satisfaction of the parties. "

　　Recently, Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court reported the assessment of the city’s judicial appraisal and evaluation institutions. Among them, 14 institutions were suspended for one year or six months according to relevant management regulations.

　　The results of this notification were sent to 15 grass-roots courts and judicial technical professional institutions in Hangzhou, and copied to various industry authorities or industry associations. Soon, Fang Yanyun, director of the Judicial Appraisal Division of Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court, felt the "shock" caused by the notification results: "In the past, we urged the appraisal institutions to get the results quickly, but now their phone calls come to you. Concerned about the impact of the assessment results on the reputation of the organization, and even related to the continued survival of the organization; There is a commitment to rectify the work style, standardize the performance of duties and improve work efficiency. From passive to active, the attitude of professional institutions has changed significantly. "　

　　It is not an easy task to assess the professional institutions of judicial technology. It takes several months from brewing to publishing the assessment results. The assessment takes the form of self-assessment, entrusted court assessment, summary spot check by the Intermediate People’s Court, holding a forum, listening to the opinions of business departments, visiting relevant competent departments or industry associations, etc., with the aim of evaluating the level of appraisal institutions as comprehensively and truly as possible.

　　According to reports, this assessment is mainly aimed at professional institutions such as real estate, land, asset evaluation, project cost, accounting audit, product quality and three types of appraisal that have entered the information platform of Zhejiang courts in recent years, focusing on the professional institutions’ practice ability, work efficiency, operational norms, service quality, text norms and charging standards. There is one of the assessment methods: "Those who refuse to accept the entrustment of the court without justifiable reasons, damage or lose the appraisal materials, fail to perform the obligation of appearing in court, and issue false appraisal opinions, which have seriously affected the trial execution, shall be removed from the list."

　　"The assessment method clarifies the exit situation, purifies the team of judicial authentication institutions, and allows truly qualified, efficient and promising institutions to undertake more entrustment, which is also an inevitable choice for survival of the fittest." Fang Yanyun said.

　　Ronaldo Lin, vice president of Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court, said that the combination of daily assessment and regular assessment, online assessment and offline assessment of appraisal institutions requires professional institutions to raise awareness and be more proactive, and grass-roots courts should establish and improve the daily management ledger system.

　　"In the next step, Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court will strengthen communication with various industry authorities or industry associations, realize information exchange and information sharing, and jointly explore online appraisal institutions, appraisers’ access standards, elimination and exit mechanisms, and the accountability system for judicial appraisal errors, and jointly urge professional institutions to standardize their professional practices, improve the trial level of judicial appraisal services, and give full play to the positive role of judicial appraisal guarantee trial activities." Ronaldo Lin said.

　　Newspaper, Hangzhou, November 20th　

　　Xinhua News Agency, Fuzhou, July 9 (Reporter Wu Jianfeng) In the midsummer season, many places in Fujian have continuously issued high-temperature orange warnings. Fujian Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security recently issued a notice, in order to reduce the impact of continuous high temperature weather on the work and health of employees, all employers should arrange their work scientifically and reasonably, and pay the high temperature allowance in full, and they should not take the way of offsetting it with heatstroke prevention and cooling drinks.

　　According to the regulations, if all employers arrange for workers to engage in outdoor open-air operations in hot weather above 35 degrees Celsius and cannot take effective measures to reduce the workplace temperature below 33 degrees Celsius, they should pay high-temperature allowances to workers. May is calculated according to the actual high temperature days in 12 yuan/day, and June to September is calculated according to the 260 yuan/month or the actual high temperature days in 12 yuan/day.

　　The relevant person in charge of the labor inspection department of Fujian Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security said that in addition to granting high-temperature allowance according to regulations, all employers should arrange their work scientifically and reasonably according to production characteristics and specific conditions, and take measures such as appropriately increasing the rest time of workers and reducing outdoor operations during high-temperature periods to ensure safe production. If the daily maximum temperature reaches 40 degrees Celsius or above, the employing unit shall stop outdoor open-air operations on that day; When the maximum daily temperature reaches 37 degrees Celsius or above and 40 degrees Celsius or below, the employer shall not arrange outdoor open-air operations for workers for more than 6 hours, and the continuous operation time shall not exceed the national regulations, and outdoor open-air operations shall not be arranged within 3 hours of the maximum temperature; When the daily maximum temperature reaches more than 35 degrees Celsius and less than 37 degrees Celsius, the employer shall take shifts and take turns to shorten the continuous working time of the workers, and shall not arrange the outdoor workers to work overtime.

　　In the next step, the human and social departments at all levels in Fujian Province will organize employers to carry out self-examination and self-correction on the implementation of the high temperature allowance regulations. Further unblock the channels for reporting and complaining, and accept and investigate violations of working hours and high temperature allowances during hot weather according to law. At the same time, strengthen labor security supervision and law enforcement, combine the work of eradicating wage arrears, and focus on the construction, transportation, logistics and express delivery, dock and dock, environmental sanitation, processing and manufacturing industries of outdoor open-air operations and high-temperature areas, and carry out inspections on employers’ compliance with high-temperature allowance laws and regulations. Those who violate labor security laws and regulations will be severely punished according to laws and regulations.

　　Recently, the National Health and Wellness Commission issued the "Guidelines for Adults, Children and Adolescents", which pointed out that the obesity rate of residents aged 18 and above in China is on the rise, and the obesity rate of children and adolescents is rising rapidly. How to judge whether you are obese? How to achieve a reasonable diet and scientific exercise? Let’s watch it together

　　The obesity rate of residents aged 18 and above in China is 16.4%.

　　According to the guide, the obesity rate of residents aged 18 and above in China is 16.4%, the obesity rate of children under 6 is 3.6%, and the obesity rate of children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 is 7.9%. In 1982, the obesity rate of children and adolescents aged 7-17 in China was only 0.2%.

　　The obesity rate of urban children and adolescents is high, and the obesity rate of rural children and adolescents is growing rapidly. Some studies predict that by 2030, the overweight and obesity rate of adults in China will reach 65.3%.

　　The guide points out that scientific weight loss should follow the principle of gradual progress, the ideal weight loss goal should be to reduce the current weight by 5% ~ 10% within 6 months, and the reasonable weight loss speed should be 2 ~ 4 kg per month.

　　How to judge whether you are obese?

　　There is a clear measure of obesity in medicine-body mass index.

　　BMI (Body Mass Index) is the number obtained by dividing the weight (kg) by the square of the height (m). For example, a woman weighs 60 kilograms, is 1.60 meters tall and has a body mass index of about 23.44.

　　Zhang Zhongtao, vice president of Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, said that the normal range of BMI is 18 to 24, and 24 to 28 is overweight. If BMI is greater than 28, you should actively intervene.

　　How do obese people eat? These misunderstandings should be avoided.

　　The guidelines suggest that the diet of adult obese patients

　　We should comprehensively balance and diversify, and limit the total energy intake;

　　Eat more foods rich in dietary fiber;

　　Strictly control the intake of fat, salt, sugar and alcohol.

　　Obese children and adolescents

　　You should be full of food;

　　Increase the intake of fish, vegetables, soybeans and their products;

　　The energy provided by snacks does not exceed 10% of the total daily energy;

　　Try not to eat after 9 pm.

　　In the process of losing weight, it is suggested that the dietary energy of obese children and adolescents should be reduced by about 20% on the basis of normal requirements.

　　Myth 1: You can lose weight just by exercising.

　　80% of weight loss depends on diet and 20% on exercise. Experts remind that you can’t lose weight just by "holding your legs", but the key is to "keep your mouth shut". For example, a person of average height jogs on a treadmill for 30 minutes at a constant speed, and consumes only the equivalent of drinking a can of coke.

　　Myth 2: Take a vegetarian diet or not eat staple food to lose weight.

　　Eating vegetarian food or not eating staple food can make people lose weight in a short time, but it is difficult to last and will bring side effects.

　　For example, not eating staple food for a long time can easily lead to hypoglycemia, intestinal dysfunction and other symptoms. If you only eat vegetarian food without meat, you are prone to iron deficiency anemia, muscle attenuation and other symptoms. In addition, the carbohydrate content of some vegetables is not much lower than that of rice, such as potatoes, taro, yam and lotus root, which may make you fatter and fatter.

　　Smegliptide, a "slimming drug", is abused.

　　In China, smeagoutide is currently a prescription drug for controlling blood sugar and losing weight in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, in real life, there is over-indication abuse. Some people without diabetes use this medicine to lose weight. Its principle is to increase insulin secretion, delay gastrointestinal peristalsis and reduce people’s demand for food.

　　According to the doctor, smegliptide is a prescription drug. Before injection, you should go to a professional weight loss center or hospital for relevant examination and evaluation, and adjust the dose reasonably under the guidance of a professional doctor, so as to obtain better benefits with less side effects.

　　Doctors warned that the use of smeagoutide may lead to hypoglycemia, acute pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction and other adverse reactions, in addition, it may also cause emotional problems such as depression.

　　Last year, China implemented weight loss metabolic surgery.

　　Over 35,000 cases

　　According to incomplete statistics, more than 35,000 cases of weight-loss metabolic surgery were performed in China last year. According to the doctor, not everyone is suitable for weight loss surgery, and surgery should be considered only if the effects of exercise, diet and drug intervention are not satisfactory. In addition, bariatric surgery only solves the health threat caused by obesity, and the follow-up depends on good diet and exercise habits.

　　CCTV reporter at reception desk/Long Xiaoqin Zhao Yingchen

　　In recent years, more and more central enterprises have entered the top 500 in the world and become a decisive force in the international market.

　　On the artificial island No.5 Nanbao, Jidong Oilfield, PetroChina, Tangshan, Hebei Province, which ranks third in the list of the world’s top 500 companies in 2018, employees are carrying out workover operations against strong winds.

　　Yang Junshe (People’s Vision)

　　The number of corporate households in central enterprises decreased by 26.9%, exceeding the three-year target, and all the management levels were controlled within level 5 (inclusive), and the "slimming and fitness" achieved remarkable results — — This is the news that the reporter learned from the video conference held by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) of the State Council recently on "compressing management levels and reducing the number of legal persons" (hereinafter referred to as "reducing work").

　　What are the legal persons and levels of pressure reduction? With fewer enterprises, what about employees? The three-year mission ended, how to go in the future? The reporter conducted an interview.

　　Eliminate overstaffing

　　— — Accumulated reduction of more than 14,000 legal persons.

　　At present, 48 central enterprises have entered the world’s top 500, accounting for 50% of the total number of central enterprises, but the discussion on how to make central enterprises bigger, better and stronger has never stopped.

　　With the increase in volume, in recent years, some central enterprises have bloated institutions and long management chains, which affect the operational efficiency of enterprises; There are also some enterprises with a large number of legal persons, poor local operation quality, or "many but not specialized" in the field, which affects the forging of core competitiveness of enterprises. "Slimming" has become an important task for many central enterprises.

　　In May 2016, the executive meeting of the State Council put forward clear requirements for the central enterprises to carry out the reduction work, including striving to reduce the number of corporate households by about 20% within three years and build a lean and efficient management organization.

　　In the past three years, central enterprises have focused on "slimming and keeping fit". According to the data of the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, as of May 31, 2019, the number of corporate entities in central enterprises has decreased by more than 14,000, with a reduction ratio of 26.9%, exceeding the three-year target. All the management levels are controlled within level 5 (inclusive), and the number of enterprises with corporate level above level 10 is reduced to 5, and the highest level is reduced to level 12.

　　Which legal persons are "reduced"? What are the levels of "pressure"?

　　The reporter learned that as a legal person, many enterprises have combined the reduction work with the reform work of dealing with difficulties, removing production capacity and structural adjustment. For example, China Petroleum has included non-main businesses, similar businesses, zombie enterprises, extremely poor enterprises, closed businesses, no development prospects, inefficiency and other legal persons in the scope of reduction, focusing on clearing out "four types" of legal persons such as three-year continuous losses, insolvency, shell companies and loss-making enterprises with annual operating income less than 10 million yuan, and accumulating 614 households in the past three years. According to the data of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, about 60% of the reduced corporate units of central enterprises are unprofitable enterprises, and more than half of them are loss-making enterprises.

　　In terms of hierarchy, many enterprises combine pressure reduction with strengthening management to improve the level of management and control. For example, Chinalco implemented strategic reorganization of key enterprises with long management levels, and integrated management of China Copper, Yunnan Copper Group and Yunnan Metallurgical Group. The overall management level was upgraded by one level, the organization was reduced by 36.8%, and the proportion of agency managers was reduced by 23%, which significantly improved the operational efficiency.

　　"The three-year reduction work has eliminated ‘ Bloated ’ The overall appearance of central enterprises has changed significantly. " Hao Peng, Party Secretary and Director of the State Council SASAC, said.

　　One enterprise, one policy

　　— — Adopt various methods such as industrial and commercial cancellation, bankruptcy liquidation, etc., and arrange millions of employees reasonably.

　　How to realize the pressure reduction?

　　"We are in the reduction work, according to ‘ One enterprise, one policy ’ Principle, no ‘ One size fits all ’ There are no rigid restrictions on new enterprises in special fields such as emerging industries, and project companies and special purpose companies (SPV) are managed and treated differently. The central enterprises have classified policies, pioneered and innovated, and implemented pressure reduction in various ways. " Bai Yingzi, chief accountant of the State Council SASAC, said.

　　Among the reduced corporate legal persons, industrial and commercial cancellation accounted for 49.8%; The proportion of transferring controlling rights is 23.2%, among which the controlling rights of 1930 enterprises are transferred to private enterprises; The proportion of "subsidiaries changed to branches" was 10.1%; 13% are absorbed or newly merged; Bankruptcy and liquidation accounted for 3.9%.

　　In practice, each enterprise chooses its own method according to local conditions. For example, China Petroleum adopts a comprehensive policy. First, it promotes business restructuring and integration, and optimizes and adjusts a batch. Promote the optimization and integration of legal persons in the same region, the same business and the same industrial chain, adjust the industrial structure, and solve redundant construction and horizontal competition.

　　The second is to promote equity diversification and package and dispose of a batch. For enterprises with multiple legal persons in the property right chain, by introducing external investors, unilaterally increasing capital, market-oriented packaging and disposal, etc., the parent company will realize the shareholding change and complete the batch reduction.

　　The third is to win policy support and clean up and quit a batch. Carry out the agency model, hire professional institutions, open a green channel, and solve the industrial and commercial cancellation registration of enterprises that have been closed for many years, their business licenses have been revoked, and their information is missing. Properly handle the problem of the branch company inheriting the qualifications and licenses of the legal person enterprise, and promote the transformation of the subsidiary company into a branch.

　　The number of enterprises has been reduced. What about employees?

　　According to reports, the reduction of central enterprises involves about 1 million employees, and the rights and interests of employees are effectively protected during the reduction process. 94% of employees are resettled within the group or transferred to other units along with the assets and business of the enterprise, and 6% of employees leave the enterprise through agreement.

　　Focus on long-term effect

　　— — Intensify the adjustment of layout structure

　　The results of the reduction are not only reflected in the changes in figures, but also benefited from the operating conditions, industrial structure and reform work of enterprises.

　　The quality of assets has improved significantly. Through the reduction work, the cost and loss of central enterprises are effectively controlled, the asset quality is optimized and the labor productivity is improved. According to statistics, the reduction has reduced direct labor costs by 29.2 billion yuan and management costs by 24.6 billion yuan. For example, China Petroleum reduced its management expenses by nearly 2 billion yuan and recovered 18.7 billion yuan. In 2018, the return on investment of the joint venture company was 3.9 times that of 2016.

　　The industrial structure has been continuously optimized. Many enterprises take the opportunity of reducing their work to further focus on the development of their main industries and enhance their core competitiveness. For example, Chinalco shut down backward production capacity and stopped the "bleeding point". In the past three years, it has shut down 2.19 million tons of alumina production capacity, 1.64 million tons of electrolytic aluminum production capacity, 440,000 tons of processing capacity and 300,000 tons of coal production capacity. At the same time, we promoted specialization and concentration, and established platform companies such as Chinalco Logistics, Chinalco Environmental Protection and Chinalco Intelligence to implement stock integration and realize professional operation.

　　The reform work was promoted in coordination. Many enterprises combine the reduction work with the reform of mixed ownership, divesting enterprises from social functions, and streamlining headquarters functional institutions. Through the reduction work, the functional departments of the central enterprise headquarters decreased by 118 in total, and the number of employees decreased by 3755.

　　"The results of three years of pressure reduction can be said to be hard-won." Hao Peng stressed, at the same time, we should see that the new situation and new tasks have put forward new requirements for the work of pressure reduction, which is a work of laying a foundation and establishing a long-term future, and we cannot relax and rest. The next step should be to change from "temporary solution" to "permanent solution", focusing on strengthening the adjustment of layout structure and improving the efficiency of state-owned assets allocation.

　　It is understood that the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) will continue to strengthen supervision and carry out monthly monitoring statistics on the changes in the number of legal persons and levels of central enterprises. All central enterprises should promptly establish and improve the management methods for the number of legal persons and levels, take effective measures to control them, and ensure the formation of an effective long-term mechanism for controlling the number of legal persons and levels, so as to achieve "reduction" before starting. (Our reporter Li Jie)