General Office of the State Council forwarded the report of the State Planning Commission

Current price situation and controlling price increase in the second half of the year

Notice that measures should be taken to report

　

Guo ban fa [1995〕41number

　

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

　　 The State Council agreed with the State Planning Commission’s Report on the Current Price Situation and Measures to Control Price Rising in the Second Half of the Year, which is hereby forwarded to you, please implement it carefully.

Since the beginning of this year, all regions and departments have conscientiously implemented the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and the Third Session of the Eighth National People’s Congress, resolutely implemented the various regulatory measures of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on curbing inflation and controlling price increases, and done a lot of work. The macroeconomic situation has continued to develop in a good direction, the trend of market price increases has been curbed, and the increase in retail prices has dropped month by month. However, the current price situation is still quite grim, and the task of realizing the annual price control target is quite arduous. All regions and departments must keep a clear head, and must not take it lightly and relax their requirements. We should continue to take curbing inflation and controlling price rise as the primary task of macroeconomic regulation and control this year, earnestly implement a series of regulatory measures to curb inflation and control price rise determined by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adhere to moderately tight fiscal and monetary policies, strictly control the excessive growth of fixed assets investment and consumption funds, vigorously strengthen agriculture, strictly control the introduction of new price increase projects, and further implement and improve the target responsibility system for price control. All regions and departments should proceed from the overall situation, make more contributions to the realization of the national price control goal, and create conditions for maintaining the good momentum of national economic development and making the Ninth Five-Year Plan have a good macro environment.

　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　 the General Office of the State Council　　

　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 July 10, 1995　

　　

　

On the current price situation and price control in the second half of the year

Report on measures to be taken to rise

　

The State Council:

　　 According to the spirit of the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on continuing to do a good job in controlling price increases,fivemoon30SolsticesixmoononeOn, the State Planning Commission held a national symposium of price directors in Beijing, analyzed the price situation since this year and its future trend, summed up and exchanged experiences in curbing inflation and controlling price increases in various places, and studied and put forward further measures and policy suggestions to ensure the realization of this year’s price control targets. The relevant situation is now reported as follows:

　　 A basic estimate of the price situation since this year

　　 Since the beginning of this year, all regions and departments have conscientiously implemented the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and strengthened their leadership over price work, and the market price increase has dropped month by month. Compared with the same period of last year,fiveIn September, the national retail price index was17.6%, compared with the previous yeartwelveThe increase in June fell back.5.6Percentage points. Price increases have declined to varying degrees in various places, including Beijing, Tianjin, Guangdong, Hainan, Shanghai and Anhui.sixProvinces and citiesfiveThe retail price increase in January has fallen back to15%Below;35The average retail price increase in 20 large and medium-sized cities has dropped to15.1%.

　　 However, the degree of improvement in the price situation since this year cannot be overestimated. First, although the price increase has dropped, the increase is still very high. Compared with the same period of last year, this yearone～fiveThe national retail price index is still as high as19%The national consumer price increase is still as high as.21.7%And the rate of decline in price increases has slowed down month by month. At the same time, the price index calculated on a month-on-month basis also rebounded. This year,one～fiveIn January, the national retail price index rose respectively from last month.3.0%、1.8%、0.0%、0.7%and0.2%This calculation has constituted a new price increase this year.fiveMore than a percentage point. Second, the decline in price increases in various regions is very uneven, and the decline in most regions is not obvious enough.fiveThere are still monthsfiveRetail prices in 20 provinces and autonomous regions rose in20%Above, the highest increase(Ningxia Wei21.4%)Compared with the lowest(Tianjin is11.4%)tower above10Percentage points. The slow decline of the increase in these areas is due to the low price base and the lag of price increase, as well as management reasons. In some places, on the one hand, the price index is very high, and on the other hand, new price increase projects continue to be introduced without authorization. Third, prices in rural areas are still rising. From last yearfourSince June, the price increase in rural areas has been continuous.14Next month is higher than the city. this yearone～fiveIn September, the retail price index of rural commodities rose compared with the same period of last year.21.6%, higher than the city4.5Percentage points, affecting the national retail price increase.1.9Percentage points.

　　 Second, the favorable conditions and difficulties of controlling price increases in the second half of the year

　　 In the second half of this year, the general trend of price increase will further decline. First, the impact of last year’s price hikes will be significantly weakened. According to estimates by the National Bureau of Statistics, the impact of last year’s price increase on this year’s hikes averaged about in the first half of the year.14.5Percentage points, the second half of the year will weaken to the average.fiveAbout a percentage point. Second, the state adheres to a moderately tight monetary and fiscal policy, and will take further measures to strictly control the scale of investment in fixed assets, especially new projects, and strengthen macro-control and supervision and management of consumer funds. Third, the central government has decided not to introduce new price adjustment measures in principle in the second half of this year. Fourth, governments at all levels have further increased their investment in agriculture, the area planted with grain has increased, and the area of vegetable fields in urban suburbs has expanded. In addition, the state has taken control measures such as suspending grain exports, increasing grain imports, and selling corn to stabilize feed prices, so that the tight supply of some major agricultural products will be alleviated. Fifth, most domestic industrial products for daily use are well supplied and sold normally, and residents’ consumption behavior tends to be reasonable. Sixth, the target responsibility system for price control has been generally established in various places, and various measures to strengthen price supervision have been gradually implemented. Therefore, if there are no major natural disasters in the second half of this year, and all macro-control measures can be implemented, it is possible to achieve the annual price control goal.

　　 At the same time, it should be noted that it is necessary to control the annual price increase in15%About the goal, the difficulty is still not small. Mainly manifested in:

　　 First, social demand is still growing too fast, and the main factors of inflation have not been eliminated. Since the beginning of this year, the State Council has not approved new large and medium-sized infrastructure projects, but there are still many new infrastructure projects approved by local governments.one～fiveNew fixed assets investment projects started by state-owned units nationwide in June.13713An increase over the same period last year.2829A, investment scale growth57.2%.one～fiveThe wage expenditure of the national bank increased in September compared with the same period of last year.25.77%Although the increase has declined, considering the increase in the total retail sales of consumer goods in society,31.4%And residents bought it1100At the same time, savings deposits have also increased.3055100 million yuan, indicating that there are still many consumer fund expenditures that violate the regulations.

　　 Second, the agricultural foundation is weak, food prices have been rising so far, and non-staple food prices.

The lattice lurks the danger of fluctuation. Judging from the "rice bag",fiveThe purchase price of grain continued to rise in February, and the average market price of four main agricultural products, such as wheat, rice, corn and soybean, was $100,000.50kilogram100～53Yuan, up from last month.2.9%. Judging from the "vegetable basket", at present, vegetables are abundant in most areas, and the prices of vegetables, pigs and eggs have dropped. However, due to the excessive rise in corn prices, some areas have suffered losses in raising pigs and chickens, and they are not active in replenishing the basket. If the relevant control measures are not in place in time, the supply of non-staple food may be tight after entering the third quarter, and the price of "vegetable basket" may rebound. Judging from the prices of agricultural means of production,one～fiveThe month of last year is higher than the same period of last year.30.2%It is also possible to further promote the price increase of agricultural products.

　　 Third, there is great pressure from all sides to adjust prices. Since last yeareightSince September, the state has basically not introduced new price adjustment measures, but this year, with the price increase falling month by month, the voice of some regions and departments demanding price adjustment measures has risen again, especially in coastal areas and big cities where the price increase has dropped significantly.

　　 Fourth, the disorder of market circulation has not been fundamentally reversed, and arbitrary charges and arbitrary price increases will still add fuel to the price increase. The disorder of market circulation is one of the important reasons for the excessive price increase in recent years. In the market circulation of grain, cotton and fertilizer, problems such as illegal operation, reselling and price increase at different levels are still serious in some places.

　　 A comprehensive analysis of various factors in current economic life requires greater determination and more solid work to ensure the realization of this year’s price control targets.

　 　Three, do everything possible to ensure the realization of this year’s price control targets.

　　 Ensure that the national retail price increase this year has dropped significantly compared with last year, and strive to control it.15%Around, this is a major event related to the overall economic development and social stability. In the second half of this year, we should continue to take curbing inflation and controlling price increases as the primary task of macro-control and the key link to correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability. We should continue to strictly control the newly introduced price increase projects and further strengthen price supervision. Specifically put forward the following measures:

　　 (one)Further implement the target responsibility system for price control. Governments at all levels should establish a target responsibility system for price control, and the main leading comrades should personally grasp the price work. It is necessary to organize all departments to work together, make concerted efforts, and implement the responsibility of controlling prices. First of all, we should take practical measures to strictly control the scale of investment in fixed assets and effectively improve the investment efficiency. Secondly, we should continue to strengthen the supervision and management of consumer funds and strictly control the excessive growth of consumer funds. The State Planning Commission and the National Bureau of Statistics should continue to make monthly announcements of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and35The work of retail price index in a large and medium-sized city urges local governments to control prices well. At the same time, according to the requirements of the State Council, it is necessary to do a good job in the special inspection of the implementation of national price control measures in the near future, sum up experience, find out the gap, and truly put the various control measures of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on curbing inflation and controlling price increases in place.

　　 (two)Strict discipline, strictly control the introduction of new price adjustment projects. We must strictly control the introduction of price increase projects and focus on establishing and improving the macro-control system of prices. According to the decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, no new price adjustment measures will be introduced in the second half of this year in principle. Where all localities and departments introduce price increase projects without authorization, the leaders concerned shall be held accountable.

　　 (three)Stabilize the purchase and sale prices of grain. Stabilizing food prices is the most important thing to stabilize the whole price. In the second half of the year, we should continue to implement the spirit of the Notice of the State Council on Continuing to Do a Good Job in Stabilizing Grain and Oil Prices. The purchase price of grain ordered by the state will not be adjusted this year, and the out-of-price subsidies adopted by some places should be allocated by local finance or allocated from grain risk funds in strict accordance with state regulations, and bank loans or accounts should not be diverted, nor should they be passed on to grain enterprises. State-owned grain enterprises should strictly implement policies to ensure that the ordered grain is used for the supply of residents’ rations, and it is strictly forbidden to increase the price and resell it without authorization. The sales price of standard rice and flour for urban residents and other basic rations managed by the government should remain stable and cannot be raised. The price difference and loss caused by stabilizing the grain selling price shall be compensated by all localities from the grain risk fund; If the fund is insufficient, the local finance should allocate additional subsidies. It is necessary to improve the methods of grain supply, strengthen the management of grain sales, and ensure that low-income residents can really enjoy the rations supplied by the government at preferential prices. All localities should take appropriate measures to control the prices of grain products and light industrial products with grain as raw materials.

　　 (four)Strive to keep the price of non-staple food stable. Governments at all levels should continue to make great efforts to strengthen the construction of the "vegetable basket" project, ensure the vegetable planting area and do a good job in market supply. It is necessary to encourage farmers to sell vegetables directly in cities, reduce the links in vegetable management, rectify various fees in vegetable management, and popularize the experience of moderately flexible differential management of vegetable prices in Shenzhen and other places in order to stabilize vegetable prices. At present, special attention should be paid to the production, supply and price stabilization of live pigs and eggs, and all localities should conscientiously implement the requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on the Use of State-specially Stored Corn to Stabilize Feed Prices and Stabilize Pig Production, so that this batch of corn can really play a role in stabilizing feed prices. According to the reasonable price of pig food, the protective price of pig purchase should be formulated, and the capital needs of commercial enterprises to purchase pigs should be guaranteed, and commercial departments should be supported to purchase more and reserve more, so as to implement the protective price. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of meat market, expand market throughput, and make full use of the leading role of state-owned commerce in increasing market supply and stabilizing market prices. It is necessary to make full use of the non-staple food price adjustment fund to stabilize production and stabilize prices. Cities that have not yet established a non-staple food price adjustment fund should pay close attention to it and strive to do so by the end of this year.60Large cities with a population of more than 10,000 can set up non-staple food price adjustment funds.

　　 (five)Efforts should be made to increase fertilizer production and effectively stabilize fertilizer prices. Fertilizer enterprises should continue to produce at full capacity and strive to increase market supply. All regions and relevant departments should do everything possible to ensure the supply of raw materials and electricity needed for fertilizer production. Fertilizer production and management enterprises should strictly implement the prescribed ex-factory price and sales price, and shall not raise prices without authorization. We should continue to rectify the circulation channels of chemical fertilizers, and prohibit illegal operation and reselling. Currently available13A province(District and city)The practice of linking planned fertilizer sales with grain and cotton orders has played an important role in stabilizing fertilizer prices and ensuring fertilizer supply, and all localities should actively promote it.

　　 (six)In view of the weak links, strengthen rural price management. The high price increase in rural areas is not only strongly reflected by farmers, but also adversely affects agricultural production and rural stability, and also adversely affects the realization of the national price control goal. All localities should effectively stabilize counties.(city)Price management agencies, and strengthen the county(city)The focus of price work is on rural market management, supporting agriculture, promoting agriculture and protecting farmers’ interests. In addition to strengthening the management of fertilizer prices, all localities should also take measures to effectively stabilize the prices of agricultural films and pesticides. It is necessary to strengthen the price management of grain and cotton purchase links, ensure the implementation of the national order price, stop the low-pressure price reduction and price increase of agricultural products, do a good job in the convergence of regional prices, and prevent regional blockades. It is necessary to strengthen the management of townships and rural markets, do a good job in the supply and marketing of grain, non-staple food, materials and building materials, and maintain the basic stability of prices. We must continue to control arbitrary charges and prohibit illegal apportionment to farmers.

　　 (seven)Rectify the circulation order and strengthen price supervision. We should continue to strengthen the supervision and examination of people’s basic necessities and service prices, and further improve and implement various supervision and examination measures such as price increase declaration, filing and slip control. We should focus on people’s daily necessities, do a good job in market price inspection, and resolutely stop illegal activities such as shoddy food, oil, meat, eggs, vegetables and other people’s daily necessities, cheating customers, adulterating and making fakes. We should seize typical profiteering and fraud, severely punish them, expose them publicly, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.

　　 If the above opinions are not improper, it is suggested that the State Council transmit them to all regions and departments for implementation.

　　

　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 state planning commission

　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 June 16, 1995

CCTV News:On the morning of February 28th, the State Council Press Office held a press conference. According to the Ministry of Transport, this year marks the 5th anniversary of the publication of the Outline of Building a Powerful Transport Country. In the past five years, China’s transportation infrastructure network has been stronger, and the mileage of the national comprehensive transportation network has exceeded 6 million kilometers. A number of sets of data outline the "eye-catching" transcripts of the construction of a strong transportation country.

Let’s take a look at the "home" of China’s traffic network. At present, the operating mileage of China’s railways is 159,000 kilometers, including 45,000 kilometers of high-speed railways and 5.441 million kilometers of national highways, including 184,000 kilometers of expressways. The navigation mileage of inland waterways is 128,000 kilometers, including 17,000 kilometers of high-grade waterways; It has 22,000 berths for port productive terminals, including 2,883 10,000-ton terminals; There are 259 airports for civil aviation transportation, including 38 airports with annual passenger throughput exceeding 10 million passengers.

In the past five years, China’s accumulated investment in transportation fixed assets has exceeded 18 trillion yuan. Transportation has taken a big step towards "strong" on the basis of "big" and another big step towards "good" on the basis of "having". The data shows that in 2023, the investment in transportation fixed assets in China exceeded 3.9 trillion yuan, 2,776 kilometers of high-speed rail were newly opened, 7,000 kilometers of expressways were newly rebuilt and expanded, and 1,000 kilometers of high-grade waterways were added and improved.

The transportation service is finer and better. In 2023, China’s commercial freight volume was 54.75 billion tons, an increase of 8.1% year-on-year and an increase of 16.9% over 2019. In 2023, 61.25 billion people moved across regions, a year-on-year increase of 30.9%. The capacity of scientific and technological innovation and industrial governance of transportation has been continuously improved, and the cooperation with the outside world has been deepened.　

Travel more convenient

During the Spring Festival holiday just past, did you participate in a "big project" with hundreds of millions of people flowing — — Spring Festival travel rush? Spring Festival travel rush relies on more newly opened routes, more optimized travel time and more advanced means of transportation to make every trip more convenient.

At the press conference, Li Xiaopeng, Minister of Transport, said that the mobility of people in Spring Festival travel rush this year was unprecedentedly active. In the first 33 days of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, the cross-regional mobility of the whole society reached 7.204 billion person-times. Another profound change is that road self-driving has become the main force of travel.

Li Xiaopeng, Minister of Transportation, said that in the first 33 days of Spring Festival travel rush, the number of self-driving passengers on expressways and ordinary national highways exceeded 5.8 billion, reaching a historical peak. The mobility of self-driving personnel accounts for 80.7% of the cross-regional mobility of the whole society, and "self-driving travel" has become the absolute main force of travel in Spring Festival travel rush.

More and more rural highway construction has opened up the rural microcirculation. According to the latest data from the Ministry of Transport, all qualified towns and villages in China have hardened roads, and 2.5 million kilometers of rural roads have been newly rebuilt in the past ten years. By the end of 2023, the total mileage of rural roads in China reached 4.6 million kilometers, and all qualified towns and villages in China were connected by bus.

With the transportation network extending in all directions, China’s postal express business volume ranked first in the world for 10 consecutive years. The industry service network is smoother. All the established villages have realized direct postal service, and basically built a postal express service network covering urban and rural areas and reaching the whole world. In addition, the Ministry of Transport will further promote the integrated development of rural passenger and freight postal operation mechanism, infrastructure, transportation routes and operational information. Make every effort to ensure the safe and efficient transportation of grain, agricultural machinery, agricultural materials and agricultural products.

Li Xiaopeng, Minister of Transport, said that better services will promote the overall revitalization of rural areas, accelerate the construction of rural industrial roads, tourist roads and resource roads, and help farmers find jobs nearby.　

Smart travel

At present, China’s traffic construction is actively integrating with new digital technologies, and information infrastructure such as Beidou and 5G is deepening its application. The pace of construction of smart railways, smart highways, smart waterways, smart civil aviation and smart postal services in China has accelerated.

On January 19th this year, the Hangzhou-Shaoyong Expressway connecting Hangzhou, Shaoxing and Ningbo was completed and opened to traffic. At present, Hangzhou-Shaoyong Expressway is the expressway with the highest degree of intelligence and the most digital application in Zhejiang. Let’s follow the reporters at the reception desk to feel the wisdom of high speed.

According to the reporter’s live report, after a period of experience, the reporter received 5— 6 rain reminders, 3-mdash; The road information of 4 times feels particularly accurate. How did this happen?

According to the technicians, in addition to conventional navigation, there are also special functions and services. Because there are many intelligent sensing devices on the highway, it can find the abnormal situation in the first time. When the owner is driving on the highway, the system will take the initiative to find it and push it to the user in seconds, so that the user can know what happened ahead and what the specific situation is.

Since the intelligent high-speed operation for more than a month, it has actively seized more than 100 abnormal traffic incidents such as anchoring and throwing things. These events can be actively discovered within an average of 5 seconds. With the continuous operation of Smart Expressway, more and more data precipitation will make Smart Expressway more and more "smart".　

Driverless driving also appears in more application scenarios. This one is an unmanned minibus located in a scenic spot in Deqing, Zhejiang.

According to the reporter’s report, at present, the unmanned minibus still needs to drive under the guidance of a safety officer. However, Huzhou City issued the latest detailed rules in January this year, and this unmanned minibus can no longer need a safety officer after driving over 20,000 kilometers on the open road, and it is replaced by remote monitoring.

In addition to unmanned minibuses, there are many autonomous driving scenes in Deqing. For example, the unmanned sweeper is serving the cleanliness of the city more efficiently. The unmanned express delivery vehicle is undergoing the final debugging, and will be officially put on duty next month, shuttling between cities to automatically deliver packages for you.

In addition to smart roads and unmanned driving, the scale of automated container terminals built and under construction in China ranks first in the world. The first domestic large-scale cruise ship was officially put into operation on New Year’s Day in 2024, the C919 domestic large aircraft was officially put into commercial operation, and the development of CR450 EMU continued to deepen. According to the latest data, up to now, the mileage of the national inland river electronic waterway map has exceeded 5,700 kilometers. More than 40 automated container terminals have been built and under construction. More than 10 million road transport and urban passenger vehicles have been installed using Beidou terminal, and the application rate of Beidou system in key areas exceeds 95%.

Optimize market access, expand sales channels and strengthen fiscal and taxation support.
Our province introduced measures to support export products to domestic sales.

Fully protect the transportation demand of goods exported to domestic market, and support e-commerce platform to set up online Liaoning foreign trade product sales area … Recently, the provincial government issued "Several Measures to Support Export Products to Domestic Market in Liaoning Province" (hereinafter referred to as "Measures"), and introduced eight measures around strengthening the protection and application of intellectual property rights, broadening channels to support domestic sales, and improving the level of facilitation of domestic sales, so as to support marketable export products to explore the domestic market and promote the mutual promotion of domestic and international double circulation.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Provincial Department of Commerce, our province mainly focuses on the equipment manufacturing industry, and it is difficult to export such products to domestic sales. It is necessary to remove obstacles and provide guarantees from the institutional level to solve the "pain points" of enterprises with different standards, poor channels and high financial pressure.

The "Measures" propose that we should combine the needs of new infrastructure, new urbanization and major engineering construction in our province, organize a batch of qualified export products such as metallurgy, petrochemical, building materials and machinery to be sold domestically, and help foreign trade enterprises integrate into the industrial chain of investment projects.

Different product standards at home and abroad are a common problem that foreign trade enterprises in our province face when exporting to domestic sales. The "Measures" propose to optimize market access and promote the integration of standards. Before the end of this year, foreign trade enterprises are allowed to make relevant written commitments to export products that meet the requirements of China’s mandatory standards through self-compliance statements. In addition, our province will also support foreign trade enterprises to develop "homogeneous products with the same line and standard" and expand the application scope of "homogeneous products with the same line and standard" to general consumer goods and industrial products. The so-called "same line, same standard and homogeneity" refers to the production of products that can be exported and sold domestically on the same production line according to the same standards and quality requirements.

At the same time, our province will open up channels to support domestic sales, including supporting e-commerce platforms to set up online Liaoning foreign trade product sales zones to promote the transformation of foreign trade enterprises to online sales; Encourage foreign trade enterprises to use new formats and new models such as online sales, live broadcast and scene experience to expand the scale of transactions; Encourage the use of pedestrian streets and professional markets to facilitate the sale of export products by foreign trade enterprises; Support foreign trade enterprises with independent brands and strong willingness to sell domestically, and establish long-term direct purchase and supply relations with large chain stores in the province.

Foreign trade enterprises may face problems such as long account period and large capital occupation when exporting to domestic market, and need financial and taxation support. Our province will support financial institutions to develop financial products suitable for foreign trade enterprises to explore the domestic market, and encourage all regions to adopt "policy guarantee+finance+goods pledge" and other ways to innovatively solve the financing problem of foreign trade enterprises to explore the domestic market. Our province will also shorten the time limit for taxation, compress the existing time limit for handling limited matters to 5 to 10 working days, and turn some limited matters into immediate matters; One-stop tax service, allowance handling, invoice mailing and other services are implemented for enterprises that export products to domestic sales. (Reporter Dong Hanbo)

Special feature of 1905 film network From the extension of the Spring Festival to the re-release, just as the movie poster wrote, I pursued my "comeback against the wind" with the attitude of "not being optimistic".

It’s not easy to make sports movies, and it’s even harder to make them well.moreoverChina Ping PongWhat I want to tell is the story of China’s competitive sports "Ace Teacher" and the world table tennis overlord. Follow the characters to "cross" back to the moment of preparing for the World Table Tennis Championships 30 years ago, starringTimmy Xu、Duan Bowen、Cai Yida、guansen dingIn an exclusive interview with the 1905 film network, I admitted that, like most viewers, I couldn’t imagine where to start writing, which was enough to match the glory of China men’s table tennis.

Cai Yida, Timmy Xu, Duan Bowen, Ding Guansen (from left to right)

In the end, the "Five Tigers" met in the trough before the Jedi counterattack: failure, regret, injury and doubt … … Competitive sports has never been an overnight success. Why can China table tennis become the "strongest king"? They gave the answer with the 1995 World Table Tennis Championships.

Before becoming the "big devil"

The average age of the "Five Tigers" in "China Table Tennis Fight Back" was less than 30 years old when shooting, among which Dong Shuai was even "After 05". Compared with the training in ball skills, it is more important for them to find their own fulcrum close to the role from the real events and prototype characters of the year more quickly and accurately.

At that time, the Five Tigers were a special group of "representatives" of China men’s table tennis. They were not only the strongest players in the whole system, but also the hope and "undertaker" of China table tennis. The five men are different in age and style of play, each with its own characteristics, but the ultimate goal is only one: to help the men’s team play a "turnaround battle" in the shortest time before the World Table Tennis Championships.

It was the most difficult period of table tennis in China. On the one hand, compared with the fast-moving European rivals and the "old rivals" in Asia, our talents had a certain "broken file"; On the other hand, the targeted research on China in tactics by countries all over the world has also made our traditional dominant "first three boards" technology gradually lose its leading position.

The backwardness in concept, experience and training means has made China men’s table tennis fail many times. It was at this time that the "Five Tigers" were assembled by the new coaching staff from all echelons.

Duan Bowen, who plays Huang Zhao, is unanimously recognized as the most similar prototype in China Ping Pong. In order to achieve this effect, he needs to gain 30 pounds while doing a lot of exercise. However, being fat is more than just pursuing superficial "looking like". In the director’s view, this weight has become the "soul" of this role to some extent.

Duan Bowen revealed that Wang Tao played raw rubber backhand, and this time his practice in the film was mainly based on fast break of raw rubber backhand. Nowadays, this technology is not used much in the field, but Wang Tao fought against opponents from all over the world with backhand raw rubber. It is precisely because of "fat" that he has a strong enough core strength to support his own play, and the speed of backhand has become the main "killer" of Huang Zhao in the film.

The similarity between Duan Bowen and the prototype has been recognized by one of the "Five Tigers" and Ma Wenge, the technical director of China Table Tennis. Having really experienced the "lowest period" of China men’s table tennis, the former champion was particularly excited to see this story put on the big screen.

It is an unforgettable and valuable experience for Timmy Xu, who plays this character, to have a prototype directed by the crew at close range.

Before the film was released, his "face-changing" makeup was once on the hot search list, and "I can’t recognize Timmy Xu" became the feeling mentioned by the most viewers. Pull out eyebrows and apply black powder … … However, compared with making an issue of "face", Timmy Xu wants to be closer to the characters from the point of view.

"The change of appearance is only the most basic. The athletes at that time were actually in a different mood from the young people today. I was more (thinking) about feeling their spirit at that time. "

Seeing the "1995 World Table Tennis Championships" again on the set, Ma Wenge, as the technical director, felt that several actors really had the "Five Tigers" status and momentum, and he seemed to recall the feeling of winning every ball in that year. This is the most emotional game: there is excitement in front of the people in my hometown, tension in the face of the final "life and death", and pressure to fight a turnaround for many years.

However, for the actors who experienced this historical moment for the first time and the audience who saw the past behind the Wesling Cup through the lens for the first time, the "Jedi counterattack" presented in China Table Tennis has far exceeded the victory itself.

Looking at this "dream team" that dominates the world, we always have the confidence that "China table tennis will not lose". But at that time, it was more like an endless road and a group of "underdogs" in front of the "Five Tiger Generals". No one knows whether the result of hard work is to win or fail again, so before becoming the "big devil", be an invincible "Xiaoqiang".

It’s never "can’t lose", but it’s not afraid to lose or admit defeat. "If others have practiced for 1000 times, we will practice for 10,000 times", which is the China table tennis spirit that people are most proud of.

Today’s "Ma Long",is the answer of China table tennis for 30 years.

"How far are you from the world champion of the real national team?" During the filming of Ping Pong in China, Ding Guansen, who played the role of Liu Guoliang as the director of his youth in the film, chatted with the members of the second national team who assisted in the filming.

"In my heart, they are already one in a million," Ding Guansen recalled, "but he said,’ Guansen, I tell you, I play with Malone, and you play with Malone, and the result is the same. "Can only score by Malone’s mistakes.

When hearing this sentence, Ding Guansen admitted that he and several other teammates "stood up": "I really realized how cruel competitive sports are. And why can China table tennis be so powerful? Because there have been layers of people trying to go up. "

Ma Wenge, the technical director, including Ding Song and Kong Linghui in the "Five Tigers", once recognized the technical movements of several young people after watching them hit the ball: "The curve and speed of the ball are really real, and the playing posture can’t be exactly the same, but it’s not easy to achieve this level in a short time."

However, during the interview, several young actors "denied" their training achievements for more than 8 months in unison: Do you want to imitate any "killer" in front of the camera?

What I have learned in these months is just the fur in the fur.Through actual combat and training, they actually felt the "China table tennis" inside story, and they also had a completely different understanding of competitive sports and China sports "dream team".

"Director Deng Chao often says that this is not a story about success, but this film is about how to face failure." At the beginning of receiving the project invitation, Timmy Xu, like the vast majority of the audience, could not imagine where the glory of China table tennis should be most convincing.

The special "trough period" 30 years ago became the most suitable entrance.Every word is brilliant, but every word is brilliant: "Only this turnaround in 1995 laid a good foundation for the decades after (China table tennis)." Kong Linghui, who was still a "young player" in the team, said this after learning the story of China Ping-Pong.

Up to now, China has won the Wesling Cup 22 times. In the last 10 World Table Tennis Championships, the China table tennis men’s team has never let this honor fall by.

"Why is table tennis in China prosperous now? It is because so many predecessors were sweating and bleeding at that time, casting our last Great Wall. This history is worth being understood by more people (through this film), and they are the only ones who have table tennis in China now." Ding Guansen regrets.

Competitive sports has never been a smooth sailing "cool article". "When you choose to be an athlete, you choose the most difficult road."

"China Table Tennis" is a complete core of China sports "Dream Team" with its hard work on the field and cruelty outside the field. Now, the success of "Malone" is the most satisfactory answer to China’s ping-pong spirit.

　　On Wednesday, Eastern Time, US chip stocks experienced a one-day rebound tour, which weakened in an all-round way overnight, and the market was also dragged down. The three major indexes were mixed. In addition, after the release of heavy inflation data, the market also lacked catalysts, and the overall performance was relatively dull.

　　At the close, the Dow Jones index rose 0.10% to 39,043.32 points; The S&P 500 index fell 0.19% to 5,165.31 points; The Nasdaq index fell 0.54% to 16,177.77 points.

　　The yield of US bonds has rebounded, with the benchmark 10-year US bond yield closing at 4.1879% and the 2-year US bond yield, which is most sensitive to the Fed’s policy interest rate, closing at 4.6324%.

　　It may take some time for the market to digest the inflation data, because the last interest rate meeting in the first quarter will be held next week. At this meeting, the bitmap and economic outlook will be announced, when investors will have a clearer expectation for the prospect of interest rate cuts. Before that, if there is no heavy news, US stocks may be more inclined to defensive trading strategies.

　　Some analysts said that although the latest CPI data is a relief, people are still cautious about the basic data. In the short term, the macro narrative around the Fed will be the primary and central issue.

　　Let’s pay attention to the progress of the US presidential election again. According to Xinhua News Agency, according to calculations and reports from many mainstream media in the United States, former President Trump locked in the Republican presidential nomination for the 2024 US presidential election on the 12 th. That is to say, if there is no accident, Biden and Trump will fight for the second time in the presidential election, but the market has not obviously responded to this at present, and the policies pursued by the two are worthy of attention.

　　In terms of enterprises and industries, it is not as dull as the broader market. Tesla, in particular, has been under the headwind so far this year, and was once again slashed by two investment banks overnight. UBS maintained Tesla’s neutral rating and lowered its target price from $250 to $165. Wells Fargo lowered Tesla’s target price from $200 to $120. Tesla fell more than 4% overnight to $169.5, and there was still 30% room for decline from Wells Fargo’s target price.

　　Colin Langan, an analyst at Wells Fargo, reported that the growth of the electric car manufacturer in the core market has slowed down. He downgraded Tesla’s rating to the equivalent of selling. It is expected that Tesla’s sales will be flat this year and will decline in 2025. Langan writes that Elon Musk’s company is a "growth company without growth". He pointed out that in the second half of 2023, sales only increased by 3% compared with the first half, while prices fell by 5%. Analysts have become more and more cautious about Tesla, and the bullish rating ratio has dropped to the lowest since April 2021.

　　In the future, see how Musk will fight back.

　　In terms of AI, Figure, a robot startup company blessed by Amazon and NVIDIA, has released its first robot demo blessed by OpenAI. Although only a neural network is used, it can be used to hand apples to humans, put black plastic bags into frames, and put cups and plates on the drain rack in order to obey human orders. The video shows that the whole operation of the robot is very smooth.

　　In addition, Cerebras Systems, a California semiconductor company, released the third-generation wafer-level AI acceleration chip "WSE-3", whose specifications and parameters are even crazier, and its performance has doubled under the premise of constant power consumption and price. It can train the next generation AI model which is ten times as large as GPT-4 and Gemini, and can store 24 trillion parameters in a single logical memory space without partition or reconstruction.

　　However, it should be noted that the EU passed the world’s first heavy artificial intelligence supervision bill, which is expected to take effect in May.

　　[Hot stocks]

　　Most large technology stocks fell, with Apple down 1.21%, Microsoft down 0.04%, NVIDIA down 1.12%, Google up 0.93%, Amazon up 0.66%, Meta down 0.84% and Tesla down 4.54%.

　　In terms of Chinese stocks, Nasdaq China Jinlong Index rose by 1.04%, Alibaba rose by 0.43%, JD.COM rose by 2.34%, Pinduoduo rose by 3.55%, Weilai Automobile fell by 4.36%, Xpeng Motors fell by 3.10%, LI fell by 3.30%, Blilly fell by 1.42%, Baidu rose by 2.49% and Netease rose by 1.94%.

　　[global index]

　　In European stock markets, the FTSE 100 index rose slightly by 0.31% to 7772 points. The French CAC40 index rose slightly by 0.62% to 8138 points. Germany DAX index fell slightly by 0.02% to 17,961 points.

　　In Asian stock markets, the Hang Seng Index fell slightly by 0.07% to 17,082 points. The index of state-owned enterprises fell slightly by 0.29% to 5932 points.

　　[foreign exchange commodities]

　　The main contract of Brent crude oil closed at $83.95 per barrel, up 2.48%; The main contract of crude oil in the previous period closed at 630.90 yuan per barrel overnight, up 1.64%.

　　Overnight, the Shanghai gold main contract closed up 0.76% to 508.84 yuan per gram.

　　[Highlights]

　　Yellen: US interest rates are unlikely to fall back to the pre-epidemic level. The slowdown in rent growth will push inflation down.

　　As to why the forecast released by the White House on Monday shows that the interest rate forecast in the next few years is significantly higher than that of a year ago, Yellen said that the relevant economic forecast of the White House reflects the current market reality, and she also refuted the concerns about stagflation, insisting that the progress in inflation has not stagnated.

　　Figure launches robot demo blessed by OpenAI big model.

　　Robot startup Figure released its first robot demo blessed by OpenAI big model. Although only a neural network is used, it can be used to hand apples to humans, put black plastic bags into frames, and put cups and plates on the drain rack in order to obey human orders. The video shows that the whole operation of the robot is very smooth.

　　The world’s first AI chip upgrades 4 trillion transistors and 900,000 cores.

　　Cerebras Systems, a California semiconductor company, released the third-generation wafer-level AI acceleration chip "WSE-3", with even crazier specifications and doubled performance under the premise of unchanged power consumption and price. WSE-3 was upgraded to TSMC’s 5nm process again, but the area was not mentioned, but it should be similar. However, the number of transistors continued to increase to an astonishing 4 trillion, the number of AI cores further increased to 900,000, the cache capacity reached 44GB, and the external matching memory capacity was 1.5TB, 12TB and 1200TB. The number of cores and cache capacity have not increased much, but the performance has achieved a leap. The peak AI computing power is as high as 125PFlops, which is 1.25 billion floating-point calculations per second, comparable to the top supercomputing. It can train the next generation AI model which is ten times as large as GPT-4 and Gemini, and can store 24 trillion parameters in a single logical memory space without partition or reconstruction. Four parallel, it can complete the adjustment of 70 billion parameters in one day, and support up to 2048 interconnections, and it can complete the training of Llama 700 billion parameters in one day.

　　UBS and Wells Fargo slash Tesla’s target price

　　On March 13th, local time, Tesla closed down 4.54% to $169.48, and its market value evaporated by about $257 overnight, with a total market value of $539.8 billion. UBS maintained Tesla’s neutral rating and lowered its target price from $250 to $165. Wells Fargo lowered Tesla’s target price from $200 to $120.

　　The European Parliament passed the Artificial Intelligence Act.

　　On March 13th, the European Parliament passed the landmark Artificial Intelligence Act with 523 votes in favor, 46 votes against and 49 abstentions. The European Parliament said that the bill aims to protect basic rights, democracy, the rule of law and environmental sustainability from the impact of high-risk artificial intelligence, while promoting innovation to "build Europe into a leader in this field". The bill will ban some artificial intelligence applications that "threaten citizens’ rights", including biometric classification systems based on sensitive features, as well as capturing facial images from the Internet or closed-circuit television videos to create a facial recognition database. Artificial intelligence that manipulates human behavior or exploits human weaknesses will also be banned.

　　Musk confirmed that Tesla’s German factory resumed operations.

　　Musk issued a document on March 13 that Tesla’s super factory in Berlin has resumed operations and thanked the employees for their support. It is reported that the Tesla German factory was blacked out for a week due to arson. The power company responsible for solving the power outage said later on Monday that the factory had been reconnected to the power grid. It is reported that the factory has about 12,500 employees.

　　It is reported that Samsung Electronics plans to increase the price by 15-20% with downstream manufacturers on the price negotiation of NAND flash memory.

　　Samsung Motor plans to renegotiate the price of NAND flash memory with major mobile, PC and server customers from this month to next month, with a target price increase of 15-20%. After more than a year of oversupply, the price of Samsung Electronics’ NAND flash memory was once flat, so it plans to negotiate with big customers to bring the price back to a reasonable level.

　　GPT-4.5 is suspected to be available. OpenAI official website webpage was indexed by netizens. GPT-4.5Turbo was officially released on Thursday.

　　Search engines such as Bing and DuckDuck Go have indexed the product pages of GPT-4.5Turbo, and netizens speculated that the official release date of GPT-4.5 Turbo might be this Thursday-the anniversary of the release of GPT-4.

　　[financial calendar]

　　Life is easy to get old, but it’s hard to get old. The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is China’s Double Ninth Festival, which is also called "Old People’s Day". Respecting the elderly is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. Just after the Double Ninth Festival, Luo Tianjiong, director of the geriatrics department of Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, sent nine health guides, aiming at caring for the elderly and caring for their health.
Correspondent Xia Fan Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News Trainee Reporter Lu Yanlin

　　1. Pay attention to fall prevention.

　　Due to the increase of osteoporosis and bone fragility, the elderly are prone to fracture, soft tissue injury, psychological trauma and other serious consequences when they fall, and their incidence rate rises sharply with age. Luo Tianqiong said that the elderly need to pay attention to the prevention of falls at home, shoes should be anti-slip, and the light should be bright enough. Once they fall, they should be actively sent to the hospital. 48 hours after the fall of the elderly is the prime time for treatment.

　　2. Reasonable diet and balanced nutrition

　　Light diet, less oil and salt, fresh and hygienic food, and balanced nutrition. The diet is mainly cereal, with a matching thickness. Eat regularly and quantitatively, chew slowly, ensure that there are vegetables in the meal and fruits every day, take in some high-protein foods such as fish, meat and eggs, often drink milk to supplement calcium, and take vitamin D in the sun for 15-20 minutes every day to promote the absorption of calcium, actively replenish water and pay attention to prevent sunburn. Advocate not smoking, drinking less and drinking too much.

　　3. Exercise properly and do what you can.

　　With the growth of age, many elderly people are more and more reluctant to exercise. Although they understand that proper exercise can promote health, what they don’t know is that due to lack of exercise, elderly people often suffer from decreased resistance, muscle atrophy, physical decline, etc. Over time, diseases come one after another. It is suggested that the elderly choose appropriate exercise methods, such as walking, square dancing, Tai Ji Chuan, Baduanjin, etc., and the exercise intensity should be tolerated by individuals.

　　4. Ensure sleep and take a proper lunch break.

　　The sleep of the elderly is shallow and easy to wake up. Half of the elderly in China have sleep disorders. Long-term lack of sleep will cause mental fatigue, dizziness, weakness of limbs, etc. Luo Tianjiong suggested that the elderly should ensure six hours of sleep and take a proper lunch break for half an hour every day, which is conducive to physical and mental health. When insomnia occurs, they can massage points such as Neiguan, Shenmen and Sanyinjiao to help sleep.

　　5. Brush your teeth frequently, wash your hands frequently and take a bath frequently.

　　Brush your teeth in the morning and evening, and rinse your mouth after meals. For the elderly with dentures, brush them clean and soak them in cold water when not in use, and change your toothbrush every three months. Wash your hands and bathe frequently to resist the invasion of bacteria and enhance your resistance.

　　6, keep the stool unobstructed

　　Due to the continuous decline of physical function, the gastrointestinal peristalsis of the elderly will also be very obvious, often manifested as constipation. In view of constipation of the elderly, Luo Tianjiong suggested keeping the habit of regular defecation, drinking more water, not eating laxatives indiscriminately, or massaging the abdomen clockwise around the navel to relieve constipation.

　　7. Don’t stop drugs for chronic diseases.

　　Many elderly people think that chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes have no impact on their lives, so they choose to stop taking drugs, but they don’t know that stopping taking some drugs is likely to cause recurrence or "rebound" of the original diseases and even accidents. Luo Tianqiong stressed that if there is a need to stop taking drugs, you must first consult a doctor and gradually stop taking drugs under the guidance of a doctor.

　　8. Keep a good attitude

　　Luo Tianjiong reminded that emotional excitement and bad emotions will affect the physical and mental health of the elderly, keep a calm mind, communicate with people more, and avoid depression, anxiety and mood swings, especially patients with basic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease and cerebral infarction.

　　9. Strengthen self-health management.

　　Director Luo Tianqiong said that it is very necessary for the elderly to have a physical examination. It is necessary to actively prevent the occurrence and development of diseases, so as to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. It is recommended that the elderly have a physical examination once a year, and people with basic diseases should have regular physical examinations on the advice of doctors, and be responsible for individuals and their lives.

Diablo 3 is an action role-playing game owned by Blizzard. Necromancer’s skill combination recommends plague ice gun stream and toxic bone spear stream, and equipment recommends the grace of Sanzang Inarius, the incarnation of blood set Tagao and the bone armor of pet set Rathma, all of which are very powerful.

Diablo 3 necromancer’s equipment skill collocation is as follows:

Skill collocation

1. Plague ice gun flow

The active skills, passive skills and gouyu collocation of plague ice gun flow are as follows. The skill collocation of necromancer mainly realizes the effect of quick drawing through corpse spear and fragility. The advantage of this skill combination is that it can quickly brush the map. When the corpse spear is matched with fragile collision, it will increase the critical strike probability of the corpse spear to the enemy and achieve the deceleration effect. Weakness, with the blessing of Gouyu’s hungry grave, will consume 10% of the Necromancer’s blood, but the standard blood of the vulnerable enemy can be increased from 15% to 18%, which will enable ordinary players to quickly brush through the first 100 layers of the Great Mystery. In the actual experience, although the Necromancer’s plague ice gun stream can achieve the effect of extreme drawing, this set of skills pays great attention to the players’ skill cooling, attack speed and the recovery of the spirit. The recovery of the spirit can be achieved through the realm of the dead and devouring, while the skill cooling and attack speed require players to work harder on equipment and gems, so as to achieve the ultimate painting effect.

2. Toxic bone spear flow

The active skills, passive skills and gouyu of toxic bone spear flow are as follows. This skill is to use bone spear (dead bone marrow) to brush the picture. It is understood that the bone spear (dead bone marrow) can improve the output damage of the bone spear. In the case of passive skill bone spur proliferation, the output damage of the bone spear can be increased to about 515%~535%. Coupled with the coma effect of the bone nail (bone dislocation) and the freezing effect of the dead field (dead cold land), it is also convenient for players to control the whole monster. As for the advantage of this set of skills, it is that the control effect is better and the ability to survive and recover is stronger. The weakness is that the cooling time of control skills is relatively long. Even if the passive skill "Desperate Loyalty" is added, it is difficult to change the shortcomings of this skill set.

Equipment collocation

1. Santa Claus — — Enze in Inarius

Because of its global injury increase of up to 2750%, the holy sleeve is very lubricated in fitting, and it is very enjoyable whether it is corpse gun, corpse explosion, Galaxy gem special effect or pet flow.

2. Blood sleeve — — Tago’s incarnation

Although the blood set was overshadowed by the holy set in the single-player mode, it was very popular in the team mode, and the utilization rate was amazing.

3. Pet condoms — — Rathma’s bone armor

At present, pet covers have some problems, such as stuck, inefficient injury reduction, and sudden death Bug of pets, so the pet covers have fallen out of the first-line play of necromancers. However, according to the test suit data, after the pet covers are repaired or enhanced, they will still perform well and even return to the mainstream ranks of necromancers.

　　　　Recently, the International Symposium on Duan Yucai and Qing Dynasty, sponsored by the Chinese Culture Research Institute of Nanjing University and the People’s Government of Jintan City, Jiangsu Province, and undertaken by the Propaganda Department of Jintan Municipal Committee of Jiangsu Province and Jiangsu Hongde Culture Publishing Foundation, was held in Jintan City, Jiangsu Province, the hometown of Duan Yucai, which is known as a blessed land in the east of the river. During the meeting, experts and scholars attending the meeting exchanged views on Duan Yucai’s academic contribution, the Confucian tradition in Duan Zhu’s Shuowen, Duan Yucai in the perspective of ideological history, Western Sinology and Duan Yucai studies, and achieved rich academic achievements, which can be summarized as follows:

　　　　On Duan Yucai’s Linguistics and Philology

　　　　Duan Yucai’s most important academic achievement in his life was in philology, and his main achievements were concentrated in the book Notes on Explaining Words and Characters. Annotation is an important genre of ancient writing. If Xu Shen’s Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Eastern Han Dynasty focuses on revealing the original meaning of Chinese characters through their glyphs, Duan Yucai in the Qing Dynasty focuses on revealing the extended meaning of Chinese words with handed down documents. Today, we talk about the contribution of paragraph notes to semantics and lexicology, which is mainly based on the extension of paragraph notes. Duan Zhu connects the ancient and modern glyphs, pronunciations and meanings, which makes it more thoughtful.

　　　　Another important contribution of Duan Zhu is that more than 9,000 Chinese characters are placed in the new ancient phonological system, and the rhymes of each character are marked one by one. Attached to Duan’s annotated book, Liushu Phonology Table is the position system of more than 9,000 words, that is, the ancient rhyme system. Duan Yucai’s achievements in ancient phonology can be summarized into two aspects: first, he put forward a series of principles of ancient phonology, became a master of ancient phonology, and especially opened up a new way and a new method system to study the division of ancient phonology from the perspective of harmonic radicals. Second, it is divided into six categories and seventeen parts, which surpass the predecessors and enlighten the later. Duan Yucai and Dai Zhen talked about rhyme for fifteen years, which became a much-told story in academic history. After discussion, the two sides reached a consensus on the part of the three rhymes of "Zhi, Zhi and Zhi" in ancient times. However, Dai has never accepted Duan’s opinion on the separation of ancient truth and literature. Today, the division of ancient truth and literature has become a conclusion and Duan is correct.　

　　　　Another important contribution of Duan Zhu is that, in addition to pointing out the meaning relationship between the related Chinese characters in the radicals of Shuowen, Xu Shen Shuowen has become orderly and "like a text", and it has also been constantly checking instructions on the meaning-related words in the whole book, making them combined and classified.

　　　　What are the new ideas for studying paragraph notes today? To sum up, there are four kinds: one is to absorb the essence of paragraph notes to serve the compilation of contemporary dictionaries, the other is to make a deeper study of paragraph notes by using the sound and meaning of Buddhist scriptures, and the other is to use the "waste words" regulation of paragraph notes to include the study of waste words in the standardization of Chinese characters, so that the International Organization for Standardization can officially publish the Universal Multi-octet Coded Character Set (number ISO10646) as an open mode for editing.

　　　　Some scholars combine the study of Duan Zhujin’s folk characters with the study of dialect characters, which is also very innovative and valuable.

　　　　On Duan Yucai’s Confucian Classics

　　　　First, Duan’s extensive and profound primary school is the methodological support of Duan’s Confucian classics. In the early Qing Dynasty, when Gu Yanwu answered the question of what is Confucian classics, he once said, "Neo-Confucianism is also Confucian classics." That is, "there is no neo-Confucianism without Confucian classics". Similarly, we can also say that there is no Confucian classics without primary school. Duan’s primary school serves the interpretation of classics, and primary school is a tool for studying classics. Duan’s primary school is magnificent, and his achievements in Confucian classics are therefore rich. In Duan Yucai’s view, the history of Confucian classics is really a history of the logical application of pragmatic tools around the group classics, and the history of Confucian classics is a history of the annotation of Confucian classics.

　　　　The second is the language logic of reading classics in Zhou Lihan’s Reading Test (1794). Duan Yucai’s most important contribution to Zhou Lihan’s Reading Test is that he put forward the style of Han Dynasty’s annotation on Zhou Li in order to understand Zhou Li: the preface to Zhou Lihan’s reading test put forward three forms of "Chinese annotation is correct reading". Duan said: "Chinese is a note, and there are three examples: one is to read if, and the other is to read if; Second, read as, read as; Three times. " This passage, also found under the word "read" in Shuo Wen Duan Zhu, can be regarded as an independent ancient philology transferred to Confucian classics as an example of speech. Reading Ru, Reading Ruo: "Imitating its pronunciation" is used to imitate homophones and homonyms. Read for, read for: mainly used to indicate the change of meaning. When: Duan said: "A word error or a sound error is correct, all of which are called when."

　　　　The third is the meritorious service in the field of Shangshu. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was enlightening to denounce the fake ancient prose Shangshu, and Liang Qichao’s Academic Introduction in Qing Dynasty called it "one of the great liberation of sincere ideological circles". Shangshu is one of the thirteen classics, and the thirteen classics are the orthodox guiding ideology of feudal society. It is of course an impact on feudal ruling ideology to expose the forgery of Shangshu. During the Qianlong period, Duan Yucai’s research and verification of the ancient Chinese text Shangshu was of great significance to expose the aftermath of Mei’s pseudograph.　

　　　　The fourth is natural science and reading classics. Duan Yucai attaches great importance to the introduction of natural science into the Confucian Classics. Zhang Binglin’s A Review of Confucianism once said that there are fewer Thirteen Classics in Duan Yucai, and it is advisable to add Da Dai Li Ji, Mandarin, Historical Records, Han Shu, Zi Zhi Tong Jian, and Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Zhou Bian Shu Jing and Nine Chapters of Arithmetic. In this way, two of the eight classics added by Duan are mathematical books, which shows that Duan’s theory of classics attaches importance to natural science.

　　　　Fifthly, it is also worth noting that Duan Yucai’s tolerant attitude towards modern classics. Duan Yucai once asked his grandson Gong Zizhen to learn from Cheng Yaotian, a scholar of ancient Chinese classics. Later, Gong Zizhen, a scholar of Confucian classics, wrote four articles on Ming Liang, exposing the corruption of bureaucratic politics in the Qing Dynasty. When Duan Yucai was 80 years old, he read this article and praised it as "a disease in China and today" and "an outstanding one"! I don’t hate (regret) to die when I still see this. "

　　　　On Duan Yucai’s Philosophical Thought

　　　　There are many contents in the paragraph notes that are close to the philosophy of language. Generally speaking, Duan Zhu’s explanation of the righteous examples in Shuowen, the righteous examples, literary examples and regulations are all the logic of the book itself, and Duan Zhu’s invention of the book permission regulations is an extremely important content of language philosophy. The generalization of the logical and semantic order of the words received by the Ministry after the paragraph notes, and the classification and comparison of similar semantics in different radicals are typical philosophical problems of language. A series of principles of ancient phonology when divided into six categories and seventeen parts of ancient rhymes, especially the deep-seated principle and composition of "the homophonic sounds are the same, and the ancient rhymes are the same", the metalinguistic characteristics in the interpretation of the extended meanings in the paragraph notes, and the examples of the interpretation of Duan’s Confucian classics, are all philosophical problems of language.

　　　　There is a problem here, that is, the ontology of language philosophy. The ontology of China’s ancient philosophy of language is Chinese and Chinese characters. Modern cognitive linguistics also believes that the words of a national language can be used to understand the culture, thought and national spirit of the nation. Duan Yucai devoted his whole life to explaining Chinese language, revealing phonology and semantic categories, which is precisely the ontological research of language philosophy. The deeper value of this research lies in carrying forward the national cultural spirit. Whenever we study Shuo Wen Duan Zhu with awe, we are certainly attracted by the knowledge treasure in it, but what fascinates us even more is the cultural spirit of Duan Zhu’s Chinese characters, which is the spiritual implication conveyed by Duan’s explanation. Duan’s research is, in a word, the study of the meaning of language. Our study of the meaning system revealed by Duan Yucai is of general world outlook and scientific understanding significance.

　　　　In recent years, the academic circles have mentioned the modernity of traditional academics, that is, the modern transformation of traditional academics. Different fields have their own academic transformations. For example, in the above-mentioned field of linguistics and philology, from three segments: extended meanings, ancient phonology and analogical characters, from dictionary compilation, Buddhist phonology and meanings, from compiling Chinese character "attribute dictionary" to developing paragraph notes by using the "waste words" regulation of paragraph notes, and from supplementing Xu Shu and paragraph notes with ancient characters. In the field of Confucian classics, it is all aspects of modernity to construct the philosophy of language and philology of China’s ancient philosophy of language in the field of philosophy from the aspects of practical learning, style, enlightenment thought and natural science view.

　　　　The more important aspect of "modern transformation" is to inherit Duan’s rigorous and realistic academic spirit. Duan spent nearly 40 years (1776-1815) creating a book "Notes on Explaining Words", which shows that Duan’s academic and cultural spirit is the most valuable spiritual wealth.

　　　　(Author: College of Literature, Nanjing University)

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