Total assets per household in each province

　　How many assets do urban households in China have? How much debt is there? Is the household debt risk controllable? The latest investigation and study by the investigation and statistics department of the central bank gives the answer. On April 24th, WeChat official account, the official WeChat of China Finance magazine, published the research report "Survey on the Assets and Liabilities of Urban Households in China in 2019", which was written by the research group of the Survey and Statistics Department of the People’s Bank of China.

　　In the middle and late October of 2019, the research group of assets and liabilities of urban households of the Survey and Statistics Department of the People’s Bank of China conducted an assets and liabilities survey on more than 30,000 urban households in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). This is one of the most complete and detailed surveys on the assets and liabilities of urban residents in China.

　　According to the report, the three provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) with the highest household assets are Beijing, Shanghai and Jiangsu, among which the average household assets of Beijing residents are 8.928 million yuan.

　　Family assets are mainly real estate.

　　Every household has 1.5 suites.

　　According to the survey data, the average total assets of urban households is 3.179 million yuan, and the median is 1.63 million yuan. The difference between the mean and the median is 1.549 million yuan.

　　After deducting the assets from the liabilities, the net assets obtained can more truly reflect the wealth level of the households. According to the survey data, the average net worth of urban households in China is 2.89 million yuan. The median net worth of a family is 1.41 million yuan, which is 1.48 million yuan lower than the average.

　　In terms of economic regions, the eastern region is significantly higher than other regions. The average total assets of households in the eastern region are 4.61 million yuan, which are 1.975 million yuan, 2.534 million yuan and 2.96 million yuan higher than those in the central, western and northeastern regions respectively.

　　The survey shows that the household assets of urban residents in China are mainly physical assets, with an average of 2.53 million yuan, accounting for 80% of the total household assets.

　　Of the physical assets, 74.2% are housing assets, and the average household housing assets are 1.878 million yuan. The proportion of residents’ housing assets to total household assets is 59.1%.

　　The survey shows that the housing ownership rate of urban households in China is 96.0%, the proportion of households with one house is 58.4%, the proportion of households with two houses is 31.0%, the proportion of households with three or more houses is 10.5%, and the average household owns 1.5 houses. The overall housing ownership rate of American households is 63.7%, which is 32.3 percentage points lower than that of China.

　　The more houses owned by urban households, the lower the proportion of housing assets in their household assets. The proportion of housing assets in the total assets of a family with one house is 64.3%, that of a family with two houses is 62.7%, and that of a family with three or more houses is 51.0%. This is mainly because families with multiple properties are more inclined to diversify their assets after solving their basic housing needs.

　　Risk-free financial assets per household are 350,000 yuan.

　　The total debt per household is 512,000 yuan.

　　According to the survey, 99.7% of the families surveyed have financial assets, with an average financial asset of 649,000 yuan, accounting for 20.4% of the total family assets. Compared with the United States, the proportion of financial assets of urban households in China is low, which is 22.1 percentage points lower than that of the United States.

　　The families are sorted by financial assets and physical assets from low to high. The financial assets owned by the families with the highest 10% financial assets account for 58.3% of all sample families, while the assets owned by the families with the highest 10% physical assets account for 47.1%. It can be seen that the imbalance of financial assets is more significant.

　　The survey shows that the holding rate of risk-free financial assets in the surveyed families is 99.6%, and the average household is 352,000 yuan; The holding rate of risk financial assets is 59.6%, and the average household is 501,000 yuan. From the survey sample as a whole, the average household holds 350,000 yuan of risk-free financial assets, accounting for 53.9% of the total financial assets, which is higher than the risk-free financial assets.

　　In terms of household liabilities, the survey shows that the proportion of households with liabilities is 56.5%. In terms of regions, the household debt participation rate in Northeast China is the lowest, accounting for 42.1%; 57.9% in the east and 55.7% in the middle; The highest in the western region is 60.1%.

　　Among the indebted families, the total debt per household is 512,000 yuan. Among them, 53.8% households have a debt balance of less than 300,000 yuan, 35.6% households have a debt balance of 300,000 to 1 million yuan, and 10.5% households have a debt balance of more than 1 million yuan. The liabilities of urban households are mainly bank loans. Among households with debts, the average bank loan is 496,000 yuan, accounting for 96.8% of the total liabilities of households.

　　The proportion of liabilities outside the banking system is low, only 3.2%, of which the average household liabilities of private loans and Internet financial products loans are 12,000 yuan and 0.1 million yuan respectively, accounting for 2.4% and 0.2% of the total household liabilities respectively.

　　From the perspective of debt use, mortgage is the basic composition of household debt. Among the indebted households, 76.8% have housing loans, and the average household housing loan balance is 389,000 yuan, accounting for 75.9% of the total household liabilities.

　　analyse

　　The household debt risk is generally controllable.

　　The report pointed out that the asset-liability ratio of urban households is generally stable and their solvency is generally strong.

　　Overall, the asset-liability ratio of urban households in China is relatively low. The survey shows that the average asset-liability ratio of urban households in China is 9.1%, which is lower than that of the United States (12.1%). Among them, the average asset-liability ratio of indebted families is 14.8%, and the median is 15.8%.

　　According to the report, the solvency of urban households in China is generally strong. According to the survey data, the average debt service income ratio of urban households is 18.4%, of which the mortgage debt service income ratio is 9.1%. The average debt service income ratio of indebted households is 29.5%, and the median is 26.7%.

　　According to the results of the investigation, the research group puts forward two problems that need to be paid attention to. First, the financial asset-liability ratio of households is relatively high, and there is a certain liquidity risk. The survey shows that the financial asset-liability ratio of urban households in China is 44.6%, among which the average financial asset-liability ratio of indebted households is 85.3% and the median is 117.3%, and the financial asset-liability ratio of more than half of households exceeds 100%. It can be seen that although the overall asset-liability ratio of residents is stable, the liquidity of assets is poor and there is a certain liquidity risk.

　　Second, the debt risk of some families is relatively high, mainly manifested in: some low-asset families are insolvent and the risk of default is high; Young and middle-aged groups have great debt pressure and high debt risk; There are many financial products such as wealth management, asset management and trust invested by the elderly groups, which are risky; The debt risk of just-needed mortgage families is outstanding. (Reporter Cheng Wei)

　　Cctv news: The State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau issued a notice on matters related to the connection between individual tax deferred commercial endowment insurance pilot and individual pension. The full text is as follows:

　　Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian and Xiamen Supervision Bureaus of the State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau, China Bank Insurance Information Technology Management Co., Ltd., a pilot company of personal tax deferred commercial endowment insurance:

　　In order to implement the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Development of Individual Pensions (No.7 [2022] of the State Council), the Measures for the Implementation of Individual Pensions (No.70 [2022] of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security), and the Notice of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China on Relevant Matters Concerning Insurance Companies’ Personal Pensions (No.17 [2022] of the Banking Insurance Regulatory Commission), and promote the healthy and orderly development of individual pension businesses, In consultation with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the State Administration of Taxation, the General Administration of Financial Supervision decided to carry out the pilot project of individual tax deferred commercial endowment insurance (hereinafter referred to as individual tax deferred endowment insurance) and the convergence of individual pensions. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　1. The pilot company of individual tax deferred pension insurance (hereinafter referred to as the pilot company) shall adhere to the principles of compliance, initiative and convenient operation, do a good job in policy propaganda, optimize the handling process, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of customers, carry out the pilot business of individual tax deferred pension insurance in an orderly manner, and in principle complete all the work before the end of 2023.

　　Second, China Bank Insurance Information Technology Management Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Yinbaoxin Company) shall strengthen the construction and operation management of the information platform of individual tax deferred pension insurance and the information platform of individual pension in the banking insurance industry (hereinafter referred to as the platform of bancassurance industry), and support the connection between the pilot of individual tax deferred pension insurance and individual pension.

　　III. Yinbaoxin Co., Ltd. shall co-ordinate the confirmation of the policy information of individual tax deferred pension insurance. Within three working days from the date of issuance of this notice, Yinbaoxin Co., Ltd. shall provide its individual tax deferred pension insurance policy information, including basic information of the insured and payment information, to all pilot companies according to the information of the individual tax deferred pension insurance information platform. Since September 1st, 2023, Yinbaoxin Company has closed the new interface of insurance contract of tax deferred pension insurance information platform, stopped the new account opening function of tax deferred pension insurance policyholders (hereinafter referred to as policyholders), and stopped issuing tax deduction vouchers for tax deferred pension insurance to policyholders.

　　Four, the pilot company will check the information provided by the bank insurance company with the relevant information of the company, and the inconsistent information shall be confirmed with the bank insurance company one by one. Within 15 working days from the date of issuance of this notice, the pilot company shall determine the policy information of individual tax deferred endowment insurance and feed it back to the bancassurance company. Since September 1, 2023, the pilot company stopped selling tax deferred pension insurance products to new customers, and supported the change of tax deferred pension insurance policy to personal pension tax deferred pension insurance policy.

　　5. After the pilot company completes the docking with the platform system of the bancassurance industry, it shall submit a description of the docking to the General Administration of Financial Supervision, and the General Administration of Financial Supervision shall include the individual tax deferred pension insurance products it has conducted in the list of individual pension insurance products. Individual tax deferred pension insurance products of pilot companies that have not carried out individual tax deferred pension insurance business shall not be included in the list of individual pension insurance products.

　　If a pilot company applies for filing other personal pension insurance products, it shall meet the requirements for the insurance company to carry out personal pension business.

　　Six, the pilot company shall support the insured who has not yet entered the stage of receiving the pension annuity, and after completing the opening of the personal pension account and the opening or designation of the personal pension fund account, the application for changing the tax deferred pension insurance policy to the personal pension tax deferred pension insurance policy is put forward.

　　Seven, after receiving the applicant’s application for policy change, the pilot company shall prompt it to check the tax deferred old-age insurance payment and personal pension fund account payment in 2022 and 2023. If the above two payments totaled more than 12,000 yuan in that year, the applicant can apply for a refund of the excess premium of tax deferred old-age insurance with the relevant payment certificate. The pilot company shall obtain the confirmation of the insured whether it is necessary to refund part of the premium to it.

　　If the applicant applies for refund of the premium, the pilot company shall verify the relevant certificates within 10 working days, refund the excess premium and obtain the confirmation of the applicant.

　　Eight, the pilot company in accordance with the provisions of article seventh of this notice to obtain the confirmation of the insured, in accordance with the following procedures for policy changes:

　　(1) Preserve the individual tax deferred endowment insurance policy by changing the bank account information of the applicant, and notify the applicant of the processing result;

　　(two) the preservation information submitted to the tax deferred pension insurance information platform;

　　(three) to stop the business operation of the insured’s tax deferred pension insurance policy;

　　(4) Check the basic information of the tax deferred pension insurance policy, the premium information of the tax deferred pension insurance paid and the account value information with the bancassurance company and submit them to the bancassurance industry platform.

　　Nine, after the completion of the policy change, the pilot company shall make a prompt to the insured on the following matters, and obtain the confirmation of the insured:

　　The tax deferred pension insurance policy has been changed into a personal pension tax deferred pension insurance policy, and the insured subsequently pays the premium through the personal pension fund account; The insured needs to check the total amount paid by the individual tax deferred pension insurance policy and the individual pension fund account, and make reasonable arrangements for the subsequent individual pension fund account payment in the remaining time of 2023 according to the annual payment ceiling of 12,000 yuan. The payment beyond the limit cannot be deducted before personal income tax.

　　According to the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Individual Income Tax Policies for Individual Pensions (Announcement No.34 of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation, 2022), Shanghai, Fujian, Suzhou Industrial Park and other areas that have implemented the pilot project of individual tax deferred old-age insurance will be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the announcement from January 1, 2022, that is, the total expenditure of individuals purchasing individual tax deferred old-age insurance and the payment to individual pension fund accounts can be within the limit of 12,000 yuan per year.

　　Ten, such as the applicant’s application, the pilot company can through the policy approval way, the individual pension tax deferred pension insurance policy for the following treatment:

　　(a) add a one-time collection method to the contract, and the collection amount is the value of the product account at the time of collection;

　　(2) Add a clause in the contract that allows the insured to surrender, but in the case of new surrender, the cash value of the first three policy years shall not be less than 97%, 98% and 99% of the account value.

　　Personal pension tax deferred pension insurance policy surrender and receive related funds should meet the requirements of closed management of personal pension fund accounts.

　　Eleven, in the process of connecting the pilot business of individual tax deferred pension insurance with personal pension, the bank insurance company shall submit relevant information to the tax authorities as required.

　　The pilot company shall submit information to the bancassurance industry platform in accordance with the provisions when carrying out the business related to individual pension tax deferred pension insurance policies. The bancassurance company shall submit relevant information to the personal pension information management service platform in accordance with the regulations.

　　Twelve, the pilot company shall not support the application for policy change put forward by the insured who has begun to receive the pension annuity.

　　Thirteen, for the insured who has started to receive the pension annuity, the pilot company can add a one-time payment method to the tax deferred pension insurance contract through policy approval according to their application, and the amount received is the difference between the personal account value at the end of the accumulation period of the tax deferred pension insurance product and the amount received. When an individual receives it according to the regulations, the pilot company shall withhold and remit the personal income tax payable.

　　Fourteen, since the date of issuance of this notice, the pilot company shall make a three-month announcement through its official website, and take one of three ways in turn, namely telephone, text message and writing, to give tips on the following contents:

　　(a) the time schedule for the pilot company to carry out the pilot business of individual tax deferred pension insurance and personal pension;

　　(two) the requirements and procedures for the policy change and refund of the insured who has not yet entered the stage of receiving the pension annuity;

　　(three) the requirements and procedures for the applicant who has started to receive the pension annuity to apply for a one-time payment;

　　(four) the requirements and procedures for the change of individual pension tax deferred pension insurance policy;

　　(five) the service situation of the tax deferred pension insurance information platform;

　　(6) Requirements for the closed management of individual pension fund accounts;

　　(7) Preferential tax policies for individual pensions;

　　(eight) other matters related to the protection of the rights and interests of the insured.

　　Fifteen, since January 1, 2024, the tax deferred pension insurance information platform stopped providing account management, renewal payment, information inquiry and other services for the insured. After the pilot project of individual tax deferred pension insurance and personal pension are fully completed, the information platform of individual tax deferred pension insurance stops serving. The pilot company shall do a good job in the policy management of the insured who has not joined the individual pension system.

　　16. From now until December 31, 2023, the pilot company shall submit the progress of the connection between the pilot business of individual tax deferred pension insurance and individual pension to Yinbaoxin Company within 5 working days after the end of each month. The bancassurance company shall, within 10 working days after the end of each month, summarize the situation of the pilot companies and submit a report to the General Administration of Financial Supervision.

CCTV News:In addition, in order to alleviate the financial pressure of enterprises, the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the Finance Bureau also guided banks to increase the supply of science and technology credit and innovate science and technology credit products.

This technology enterprise engaged in the research and development of smart factories is also supported by Shanghai’s "Special Action for Helping Enterprises through Science and Technology". During the epidemic period, there was a problem in the capital flow of enterprises. According to the scale of enterprise revenue, Shanghai Science and Technology Commission and Finance Bureau joined forces with financial institutions such as banks, insurance companies and guarantee companies to innovate science and technology credit products, and launched various preferential science and technology credit products such as "science and technology loan", "science and technology performance loan", "little giant credit loan" and "high enterprise loan". This enterprise has applied for a science and technology performance loan and can renew the loan without paying the principal.

Huang Xiaoming, head of an intelligent technology company:The company can’t arrange the capital turnover in time. Under such circumstances, the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission is also urgent for enterprises, helping us to actively (coordinate) guarantee the company and coordinate the bank, and making an unsecured loan of 4 million yuan for us, which has provided great help for enterprises to resume their work and business smoothly.

In addition, according to the provisions of the "Special Action to Help Enterprises by Science and Technology", the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission, together with the finance and taxation departments, will speed up the implementation of policies such as 100% additional deduction of R&D expenses for small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in 2022, income tax relief for high-tech enterprises and technologically advanced service enterprises, value-added tax exemption for technology development and technology transfer, and income tax relief for technology transfer enterprises.

The reporter learned from the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission that at present, the Shanghai Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Center has issued loans of 29.574 billion yuan to 1,849 enterprises through various preferential technology credit products; Another 198 lending enterprises received seamless loan renewal support in the form of non-repayment and extension, amounting to 1.008 billion yuan.

　　At the beginning of 2020, a new round of pension increase window was reopened. The "Economic Information Daily" reporter was informed that retirees’ pensions will usher in 16 consecutive rises, and urban and rural residents’ pensions are expected to continue to increase. Many places are already planning specific plans. At the same time, the reform of the old-age insurance system in 2020 also ushered in a crucial year, and new breakthroughs were made in the construction of a multi-level old-age insurance system, and a number of heavy measures were ready to go.

　　It is reported that the reform of the basic old-age insurance system is in full swing, and the reasonable adjustment mechanism of pensions and the management measures for occupational annuity investment may be accelerated. In 2020, the proportion of central adjustment of pension insurance funds will continue to be raised, and the provincial-level pension planning and urban and rural residents’ pension investment will be fully closed, which is the "third pillar" that has attracted much attention — — The personal pension system has entered a period of full strength.

　　Following the 5% increase in pensions for retirees in China in 2019, the pensions for retirees of urban enterprises, government agencies and institutions will usher in 16 consecutive increases in 2020, and the pension increase plan is already brewing, or will be accelerated in the near future.

　　The pension adjustment plan for urban and rural residents is also brewing. Guangdong, Inner Mongolia and other places gradually released plans and officially implemented this month. For example, in 2020, Guangdong Province will increase the basic pension of 3 yuan every month for those who have paid for more than 15 years; For the elderly insured who have reached the age of 65 and above, the basic pension will be appropriately added every month. At the same time, the original individual payment grade will be adjusted to nine grades between 180 yuan and 4,800 yuan per year. In Inner Mongolia, the basic old-age insurance payment standard for urban and rural residents is adjusted to 12 grades ranging from 200 yuan to 7,000 yuan. The government subsidies for various payment levels are also clearly defined, with 3,000 yuan for 90 yuan, 5,000 yuan for 95 yuan and 7,000 yuan for 100 yuan.

　　Zhu Xiaoyu, the Social Development Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Fiscal Science of the Ministry of Finance, told the Economic Information Daily that the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee explicitly called for a steady increase in the level of basic old-age insurance. In 2020, the level of basic old-age insurance benefits for urban workers will continue to increase, and the adjustment method will consider combining the inclusive adjustment of "quick march" with the key tilt adjustment of "sorting". In addition, the public finance will increase the pension benefits subsidies for urban and rural residents to further narrow the gap in the treatment level under the dual pension insurance system.

　　Wang Dehua, a researcher at the Institute of Finance and Economics, China Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that with the improvement of financial subsidy standards and the encouragement of paying more in policies, the pension insurance benefits for urban and rural residents in China will continue to improve as a whole. In addition, the current financial subsidies are mainly based on the local financial situation, and the standards and principles will be further clarified in the future.

　　The reporter was informed that in order to ensure the steady improvement of pension benefits, the reform of the pension insurance system in 2020 is expected to usher in a new breakthrough. "2020 is a crucial year for the reform of the old-age insurance system, and the effect of social security fee reduction has begun to appear. The provincial-level overall planning system for old-age insurance will be fully established nationwide. The central adjustment system continued to increase. At the same time, ‘ Thirteenth Five-Year Plan ’ At the closing time, social security will basically achieve full coverage, ‘ Fourteenth Five-Year Plan ’ The goal will be finalized. " Fang Lianquan, secretary general of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said.

　　Fu Jinling, director of the Social Security Department of the Ministry of Finance, revealed a few days ago that according to the requirements of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, relevant departments are currently studying, reforming and perfecting the basic old-age insurance system.

　　Regarding the key point of reforming and improving the basic old-age insurance system, Jin Weigang, president of the Chinese Academy of Labor and Social Security, said that China will accelerate the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance funds, and the proportion of central adjustment of old-age insurance funds will be increased from 3% in 2018 to 3.5% in 2019, and the proportion of central adjustment of old-age insurance funds will be further increased in 2020. In addition, we will comprehensively promote the reform of the endowment insurance system in government agencies and institutions, achieve a smooth convergence of pension benefits before and after the reform, and introduce investment management measures for occupational annuities as soon as possible. Improve the employee pension insurance personal account system.

　　"We should also step up the establishment of a reasonable pension adjustment mechanism. It is necessary to ensure that the basic life of retirees is guaranteed and steadily improved, and the fruits of economic development can be properly shared, and the adjustment of treatment should be controlled within the range that funds and finances can bear. " Jin Weigang said.

　　As an important transition of national overall planning of endowment insurance, provincial overall planning is accelerating. By the end of last year, 13 provinces had achieved provincial-level unified collection and expenditure of funds. Shandong, Anhui, Guangxi and Shanxi have recently announced that the provincial-level co-ordination system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees will be formally implemented from January 1, 2020.

　　In addition, in terms of maintaining and increasing the value of the endowment insurance fund, the entrusted investment of the basic endowment insurance fund for urban and rural residents will be fully implemented by the end of 2020. The "two pillars" and "three pillars" of old-age insurance will also accelerate the breakthrough.

　　Jin Weigang pointed out that after the urban workers’ basic pension has achieved national overall planning and implemented the investment and operation of the basic old-age insurance fund, with the rapid expansion of the basic old-age insurance fund for urban workers nationwide, the fund adjustment and anti-risk ability have been enhanced, the basic old-age insurance premium rate paid by enterprises can be appropriately reduced in a timely manner, and more enterprises can be guided and encouraged to establish enterprise annuities through policy support. At the same time, by effectively increasing tax incentives to promote the development of the "third pillar", that is, the individual pension system.

　　Zhu Xiaoyu also said that with the acceleration of China’s aging population, the construction of a multi-level social security system is making full efforts, and the development of the second and third pillars will gradually usher in a policy dividend period. At present, the top-level design of the third pillar system is advancing.

　　The relevant person in charge of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission recently said at the routine briefing of the State Council policy that in promoting the development of commercial insurance in the social field, it will improve the personal tax deferred commercial endowment insurance policy and support the development of the third pillar of endowment insurance. The Guiding Opinions of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China on Promoting the High-quality Development of Banking and Insurance Industry also proposes to "vigorously develop enterprise annuities, occupational annuities, various health and old-age insurance businesses" and "strengthen the construction of the third pillar of old-age insurance".

　　"China’s pension insurance system reform has been on the road. The well-off society will be completed in an all-round way soon, and the social security system will also enter a new stage of development in which the institutional structure is basically finalized and more mature and perfect. At ‘ All insurance should be guaranteed ’ After the goal is basically achieved, promoting overall planning, ensuring fairness and sustainability will become the focus of system improvement. " Zhu Xiaoyu said. (Reporter Ban Juanjuan)

2024

SI FA

JI SHU

Types of judicial expertise

There are 28 kinds of traditional four categories and others.

Click here to open the file.

Judicial expertise refers to the activities in which appraisers use science and technology or expertise to identify and judge the specialized issues involved in litigation and provide expert opinions. There are many kinds of professions involved, and any appraisal involving related specialized issues in litigation belongs to the scope of judicial appraisal.

Judicial expertise can be divided into four traditional categories, such as forensic expertise, material evidence expertise, audio-visual material expertise, environmental expertise and other types of judicial expertise outside the four categories, totaling 28.

Number: 2024

Types of judicial expertise

PART 1

Traditional four categories of judicial expertise

1. Forensic medicine

It can be divided into five specific categories: forensic pathology appraisal (such as identification of the cause of death and estimation of the time of death, etc.), forensic clinical appraisal (such as identification of the level of human disability and the degree of human injury, etc.), forensic psychiatric appraisal (such as civil capacity appraisal and mental injury appraisal, etc.), forensic material evidence appraisal (such as kinship appraisal and individual identification, etc.) and forensic poison appraisal (such as volatile poison appraisal and natural medicine poison appraisal, etc.).

2. Physical evidence

It can be divided into three specific categories: document identification (such as handwriting identification, seal identification, etc.), trace identification (such as fingerprint identification, footprint identification, etc.) and trace material evidence identification.

3. Identification of audio-visual materials

It can be divided into recording identification (such as authenticity identification of recording, identity identification of recording, etc.), image identification (such as image content analysis, similarity identification of image works, etc.) and electronic data identification (such as existence identification of electronic data and functional identification of electronic data, etc.).

4. Others

According to the needs of litigation, other authentication matters that should be registered and managed by the judicial administrative department of the State Council in consultation with the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. Including the identified environmental identification (including environmental monitoring identification, environmental pollution damage identification, environmental pollution damage assessment identification, environmental pollution control identification, environmental impact assessment identification, environmental science identification and environmental protection identification, etc. )

PART 2

Judicial expertise outside the traditional four categories

Judicial expertise outside the traditional four categories

The identification beyond the traditional four categories mainly includes:

5. Medical damage

6. Accounting audit (accounting audit, tax audit)

7. Price verification

8. Motor vehicle appraisal and evaluation (motor vehicle technical appraisal and motor vehicle evaluation)

9. Insurance assessment

10. Asset appraisal

11. Forest resource assets assessment (forest resource assets assessment, forest resource survey)

12. Land evaluation

13. Real estate appraisal

14. Surveying and Mapping (Bureau of Surveying and Mapping qualification)

15. Construction engineering (engineering appraisal, engineering cost, engineering inspection, municipal engineering quality appraisal, traffic engineering quality appraisal and design, water conservancy engineering, water transport engineering)

16 product quality appraisal (mechanical and electrical, chemical, light industry, building materials, metal materials and metal products, electronics, food)

17. Intellectual property rights

18. Average assessment

19. Ship inspection and evaluation

20. Mining right evaluation

21. Gold and silver jewelry

22. Arts and crafts

23. Cultural relics identification

24. Scientific and technological advice

25. Safety evaluation

26. Hydrological investigation and evaluation

27. Orthopedic prostheses

28. Other identification types

PART 3

tag

Judicial expertise is an important part of national judicial activities, which plays an irreplaceable role in safeguarding judicial justice, resolving social contradictions, resolving social disputes and promoting social harmony and stability. It is a high unity of science and law. Accurate application of identification categories can improve the quality and efficiency of identification, ensure judicial justice and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of parties.

Original title: "Pro-Law Classroom | What are the types of judicial expertise? 》

Read the original text

　　CCTV News:Preventing and resolving financial risks, especially preventing systemic financial risks, is the fundamental task of financial work and the eternal theme of financial work. At present, how healthy is China’s financial system? What new progress has been made in risk mitigation in key areas? This reporter interviewed Pan Gongsheng, Party Secretary and President of the People’s Bank of China.

　　Resolve financial risks in key areas in an orderly manner.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:At present, China’s financial system is generally sound. The People’s Bank of China will conscientiously implement the deployment of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and resolutely hold the bottom line that systemic financial risks will not occur.

　　How to keep the bottom line? Pan Gongsheng introduced,At the macro level, we should grasp the dynamic balance between economic growth, economic structure adjustment and financial risk prevention.At the same time, alsoEffectively improve the effectiveness of financial supervision, strengthen supervision coordination, form a joint force of supervision, and bring all kinds of financial activities into supervision according to law.

　　Pan Gongsheng also highlighted the latest situation of orderly risk resolution in three key areas: local government debt, real estate and small and medium-sized banks.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:ResolvingFinancing platform debt riskAt present, important progress has been made, the number of financing platforms and the level of existing debt have been declining, most of the debts due to financing platforms have been succeeded, reorganized and replaced, and the financing cost burden has dropped significantly compared with before. existFinancial support for real estate riskIn terms of solution, we made comprehensive measures from both sides of supply and demand, lowered the down payment ratio of mortgage loans and mortgage interest rates for many times, set up affordable housing refinancing to support the acquisition of existing commercial housing, and accelerated the construction of a new model of real estate development. ResolvingRisk of small and medium-sized financial institutionsOn the other hand, the number of high-risk small and medium-sized banks has dropped by nearly half compared with the peak.

　　Pan Gongsheng also introduced that the People’s Bank of China will accelerate the legislation related to financial stability, promote the construction of financial stability guarantee system, strengthen the guarantee of risk disposal resources, effectively guarantee financial security and effectively prevent systemic financial risks.

　　Do a good job in the "five big articles" of finance

　　The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee put forward that "technology and finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance and digital finance should be actively developed, and quality financial services for major strategies, key areas and weak links should be strengthened."

　　In this regard, Pan Gongsheng said that doing a good job in the "five major articles" of finance is an important focus for the high-quality development of the financial services real economy.

　　Pan Gongsheng said that in recent years, with the increasing financial support, the average annual growth rate of China’s inclusive small and micro loans, green loans, medium and long-term loans for high-tech manufacturing industries and loans for small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in the past five years has been around 20% ~ 30%, which is much higher than the average growth rate of various loans.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:The availability of financing has improved significantly.Financing cost is at a historical low.. At the same time, the rapid development of online finance and mobile finance in China has played an important role in improving transaction efficiency, reducing transaction costs and enhancing the inclusiveness of finance, and has become one of the highlights of China’s financial development.

　　The data shows that at present, there are more than 60 million micro-credit households in China, covering about one-third of the business entities; The loan rate of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises is close to 50%. In June, the weighted average interest rate of new private enterprise loans was less than 4%.

　　Pan Gongsheng said that in the next step, the People’s Bank of China will strengthen cooperation with the management departments of industries such as industry, information technology and environmental protection, further enhance the strength, sustainability and professionalism of financial support, strengthen the top-level design of policies, strengthen positive incentives, enhance the service capacity of financial institutions, broaden financing channels, and guide financial institutions to do the "five major articles" in finance.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:The People’s Bank of China will focus on major national science and technology projects, small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises and other key areas and weak links, give full play to the role of scientific and technological innovation and technological transformation refinancing, work with relevant departments to cultivate a financial market ecology that supports scientific and technological innovation, improve the mechanism of "fundraising, investment, management and withdrawal" of venture capital, guide financial capital to invest in early, small, long-term and hard technology, meet the financing needs of scientific and technological enterprises at different life cycle stages, and continuously improve the ability and intensity of financial support for scientific and technological innovation.

　　Promote high-level financial opening from five aspects

　　The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed to promote a high level of financial openness, steadily and prudently promote the internationalization of RMB, and develop the offshore RMB market.

　　Financial openness is an inevitable requirement for building a financial power. How will the People’s Bank of China implement it?

　　Pan Gongsheng introduced that the People’s Bank of China will adhere to the orientation of marketization, rule of law and internationalization, enhance the transparency, stability and predictability of the financial opening policy, continue to promote high-level financial opening, and focus on five aspects.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:One isDeepen the institutional opening of the financial sector.Promote the high-level opening of financial services and financial markets in an orderly manner. The second isSteady and prudentSolidly promote the internationalization of RMB. We will continue to improve the cross-border RMB policy on the basis of market-driven and independent choice.

　　At the same time, the People’s Bank of China will also support the construction of Shanghai as an international financial center, give play to the role of the International Monetary Fund as the Shanghai regional center, and enhance macroeconomic policy exchanges and coordination among countries in the Asia-Pacific region. We will continue to deepen financial cooperation between the Mainland and Hong Kong, strengthen the function of offshore RMB business hub in Hong Kong, and consolidate and enhance the status of international finance centre.

　　In addition, the People’s Bank of China willCreate a more friendly and inclusive business environment. Coordinate the reform of cross-border RMB and foreign exchange management, and improve the level of cross-border trade and investment and financing facilitation. Continuously improve the level of payment services.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:Remarkable results have been achieved in facilitating the payment of foreign personnel in China. Foreign visitors to China can flexibly choose various payment methods such as bank card, cash and mobile payment. We will continue to do a good job in providing better, more efficient and convenient payment services for foreigners coming to China.

　　Pan Gongsheng introduced that the People’s Bank of China will continue to deeply participate in international financial governance and promote global macroeconomic and financial policy coordination by relying on platforms such as the G20, the International Monetary Fund and the Bank for International Settlements. We will implement the consensus reached at the meeting between the heads of state of China and the United States in San Francisco and take the lead in doing a good job in the financial working groups of China, the United States and China.

　　Pan Gongsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of China People’s Bank:The development experience of China’s financial market shows that opening wider to the outside world is a powerful driving force and an important guarantee for high-quality financial development, and it is a key measure to enhance the ability to serve the real economy and international competitiveness. We will unswervingly do a good job in financial opening.

　　The latest data shows that,By the end of July, foreign investors held 4.5 trillion yuan of Chinese bonds, a record high.

　　Prefabricated vegetables, also known as prefabricated prepared food, generally refer to semi-finished products or finished products processed by pre-selection, modulation and other processes with all kinds of agricultural, livestock, poultry and aquatic products as raw and auxiliary materials, with seasonings and other auxiliary materials; Usually, prefabricated vegetables need to be stored or transported under cold chain conditions for consumers or catering processors to simply heat or cook before eating.

　　The new semester has just begun, and the topic of prefabricated dishes entering the campus has frequently sparked heated discussions.

　　According to the news report, from some videos posted by parents on social media, it can be seen that because parents can’t enter the campus and there is no place to eat after the canteen is closed in the campus, the school gate is crowded with parents who deliver food, and many students can only squat or stand at the school gate and have lunch quickly with the lunch boxes in their hands.

　　Parents are worried.

　　Some people resolutely resist the resignation of others to deliver meals.

　　According to China News Weekly, recently, many parents of primary and middle school students in Rongjiang New District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province released videos, complaining about the slow speed, poor quality and poor taste of the lunches distributed to students in the local area. One of the parents also had lunch in the video, saying that the children reported that the meat in the meal was very salty, the leaves were yellow, and the yuba was very sour and could not be eaten at all.

　　As can be seen in the video, many children have not finished eating, and most of the food in the lunch box is left.

　　According to parents, in the exchange group of "boycotting prepared dishes" spontaneously formed by parents of students, several parents reported that their children had diarrhea after eating school meals.

　　In the column "Jiangxi Question" of Jiangxi Radio and TV Station’s urban channel network political platform, some parents questioned this matter. The Social Affairs Administration of Rongjiang New District of Ganzhou replied that the meal was distributed by the central kitchen and would stop catering to the central kitchen of kindergartens in the whole district. However, the central kitchen catering system is still implemented in primary and secondary schools in Rongjiang New District.

　　In recent years, the central kitchen centralized feeding mode has been introduced in many places across the country, and catering companies have realized centralized distribution of meals to primary and secondary schools and kindergartens. Under normal circumstances, the central kitchen covers the collective feeding of many schools, and some also undertake the distribution of ingredients in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in the whole city or the whole region.

　　Recently, concerns about centralized catering in the central kitchen are spreading in many places, and parents are worried that the unified catering in schools contains prefabricated dishes, which will be harmful to students’ health for a long time.

　　Some parents said that prefabricated dishes can be eaten but not suitable for everyone, and time and cost should not be saved on children’s meals. Some parents think that prefabricated dishes can be made, but they must be open and transparent, so that everyone can supervise and choose.

　　A parent from Wuxi told reporters that she had resigned because of this, and now she delivers meals to her children every day. "There are only two food delivery people in my baby’s class, but those who don’t have time to deliver meals also resolutely resist."

　　The parent said that the children’s school is a semi-finished product that is uniformly distributed, and the vegetarian dishes are semi-finished. The vegetarian dishes are washed, cut and put in plastic bags and sent to school every other day. She is clearly opposed to this way. "Anyone who has cooked knows that this will definitely go bad." "The ingredients uniformly distributed by some local schools are all fresh ingredients, the vegetables are one by one, and the meat is also fresh. If it is that kind, I can accept it." She said.

　　Respond in detail in many places

　　No pre-cooked dishes are made and delivered on the same day.

　　Although the central kitchen is not the same as prefabricated dishes, it has triggered a discussion about how to treat prefabricated dishes into the campus.

　　Many netizens reported that it is a common phenomenon for prefabricated dishes to enter the campus in many places, and some people directly exposed the ordering information of "prefabricated dishes" issued by the parents of the school, including detailed menus and ingredient lists, which are clearly marked with the words "prefabricated dishes", and there are many additives in the ingredient list. Since then, many parents have expressed their concerns through the political platform.

　　For example, citizens in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province left a message asking Huzhou City to give a clear attitude towards whether or not the prepared dishes enter the campus. As parents resolutely resist, if a child eats prepared vegetables five days a week, the health of the child is completely a problem.

　　On September 14th, Huzhou Education Bureau replied that Huzhou requires school canteens to purchase fresh ingredients. At present, no prepared dishes have entered the campus, and we will further strengthen supervision and management.

　　Parents in Dongguan, Guangdong Province complained that they found that children are eating prepared dishes at school, and it is unacceptable for children to eat these foods in the next three years.

　　Nancheng Street in Dongguan responded on September 12 that most of the meals in the school canteen are cooked with fresh ingredients, but such as chicken legs (wings), duck legs (wings), pork chops and meatballs will choose chilled food and frozen products. No problems have been found in the school canteen, such as pre-prepared dishes and outsourced cooked food.

　　There are also parents in Haikou, Hainan who suspect that the distribution company of kindergarten meals uses prefabricated vegetables, frozen food, etc., and there are also ultra-long-distance meals.

　　On September 13th, the Education Bureau of Meilan District of Haikou City explained that kindergartens in this district choose enterprises that have obtained the qualification of collective catering recognized by the Market Supervision Administration. Strictly control the time from taking out the pot to eating within 4 hours. All meals are determined according to the length of eating time and distance, and the time of cooking, dividing meals and loading and distribution is ensured, and the central temperature of meals is above 60℃ during transportation. All the dishes delivered are made and delivered on the same day, not prepared dishes.

　　Food safety experts

　　Safe but not necessarily healthy, students should be cautious.

　　According to Shanghai TV station, Professor Li Shuguang from Fudan University School of Public Health said that prefabricated dishes were very popular in the past two years, and all kinds of prefabricated dishes were sold in the online live broadcast room before. As long as it meets the relevant laws and standards, there is no need to worry too much about the safety of prepared dishes, but the safety may not be healthy. Minors belong to a special group, and their food safety is different from that of ordinary adults, so they should be more cautious.

　　Professor Li Shuguang said that after prefabricated vegetables enter the campus, many problems will affect their safety, such as the selection of raw materials, washing and cutting, and transportation, which need to be paid attention to and strengthened supervision. In addition, food packaging materials are also a link that needs to be taken seriously after prefabricated vegetables enter the school.

　　According to China Newsweek, Chen Qianlin, president of Guangdong Country Garden Experimental School, said that he opposed the introduction of prepared dishes into the campus. He believes that prefabricated dishes are a new thing, and the impact on people’s health has not yet been known. "You must never do experiments on children."

　　Xiong Bingqi, president of 21st Century Education Research Institute, believes that for underage students, their food safety is directly related to their physical development and health. Therefore, before introducing prefabricated dishes, scientific demonstration and evaluation are needed to test whether they meet the nutritional requirements of students. If these problems cannot be solved, the hasty introduction of campus will inevitably be opposed by parents of students.

　　In the "News 1+1" program, the deputy secretary-general of Jiangsu Consumer Protection Committee said in an interview that primary and secondary school students are consumers first and enjoy the same right to know and choose. Secondly, primary and secondary school students are minors and special consumers, so their legal agents — — Parents should know and know about the dishes provided by the school. If all the school canteens are made of pre-cooked dishes supplied from outside, parents’ right to know and choose will also be deprived. On this issue, schools should fully communicate with family committees or parents, including the choice of suppliers, to ensure that children can eat healthy and safe food.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, June 14 (Zhong Qing) On the 13 th, Sheng Laiyun, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics and director of the National Economic Statistics Department, said at the press conference on the operation of the national economy in May that "the national economy continued this year’s smooth operation and steady progress, and positive factors continued to accumulate."

　　How to understand "stability" and "progress" here? Sheng Laiyun affirmed the overall stability of China’s economic operation from five aspects: industrial production, service industry development, market sales, employment and price. For "Jin", he believes that it is mainly reflected in the steady advancement of structural adjustment and transformation and upgrading.

　　In order to find the "structural changes" behind these economic developments, the reporter from Zhongxin.com combed five macroeconomic data and told you how the national economy "strives for progress steadily".

　　Investment structure

　　The growth rate of investment in energy-intensive manufacturing industry is falling.

　　In the case of relatively stable prices and industrial operation, the investment data of one of the "Troika" showed a downward trend.

　　According to the data released by the Bureau of Statistics on the 13th, from January to May, the national investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) was 18,767.1 billion yuan, a nominal increase of 9.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 0.9 percentage points compared with that in January-April.

　　"The growth rate of investment in fixed assets has indeed declined somewhat, but the investment structure is being optimized." Sheng Laiyun pointed out that high-tech investment and service industry investment in fixed assets investment have maintained a relatively fast growth rate, and the proportion is increasing; However, the growth rate of investment with high energy consumption, especially in industries with overcapacity, is declining.

　　Specifically, investment in high-tech industries increased by 13.6% in the first five months, which was 4 percentage points higher than the growth rate of total investment; In addition, the investment in industrial technological transformation is obviously improving, with an increase of 14.9% from January to May, which is 5.3 percentage points higher than the average growth rate; The proportion of investment in service industry was 57.4%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the same period of last year.

　　On the contrary, investment in industries with high energy consumption and overcapacity began to decline. Sheng Laiyun pointed out that the investment in the six high-energy-consuming manufacturing industries decreased by 1.5%, of which the investment in coal mining and washing industries decreased by 32.9%.

　　At the monthly economic data conference held on the 13th, the narrowing of the growth rate of private investment attracted media attention. The data shows that private investment in fixed assets increased by 3.9% year-on-year in the first five months, which was 1.3 percentage points lower than that in the first four months. Will this drag down China’s economic growth?

　　"The slowdown in the growth rate of private investment shows that the endogenous power of the economy needs to be strengthened", Sheng Laiyun bluntly answered the above questions, but this endogenous downward pressure does not necessarily mean the inevitable decline of the economy, which is related to the adjustment of China’s economic structure and power conversion.

　　Sheng Laiyun explained in detail two reasons for the decline of private investment: on the one hand, the ex-factory price of industrial products has continued to decline in recent years, especially the profit growth rate of some industries with overcapacity may decline, which has affected investment enthusiasm; On the other hand, it is related to the lack of access to private capital in some fields, which limits the entry of private capital to some extent.

　　Foreign trade structure

　　The import and export of private enterprises increased and their proportion increased.

　　Just last week, the General Administration of Customs released the latest import and export data, and the monthly import growth rate turned positive for the first time in 19 months.

　　According to customs statistics, the total import and export volume in May was 2,019 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.8%. Among them, exports were 1,171.9 billion yuan, an increase of 1.2%; Imports reached 847.1 billion yuan, up by 5.1%. Import and export balance, with a surplus of 324.8 billion yuan.

　　According to Xinhua News Agency, people in the industry believe that the external environment will be unstable and uncertain in the next few months, and the downward pressure on imports and exports will remain high. However, China’s series of foreign trade policies and measures adhere to the problem orientation, pay more attention to the transfer of processing trade to the central and western regions, and pay more attention to the adjustment of foreign trade structure and encourage innovation, which will create a more favorable environment for foreign trade development, effectively boost the confidence of import and export enterprises and enhance their ability to take orders.

　　From the data, the effect of structural adjustment can still be seen in the import and export of foreign trade in the first five months, and the import and export of private enterprises continued to grow and the proportion increased.

　　In the first five months, the import and export of private enterprises was 3.56 trillion yuan, up 6.9%, accounting for 38.8% of China’s total foreign trade, up 3.6 percentage points over the same period last year.

　　In terms of export product structure, the export of mechanical and electrical products declined, while the export of traditional labor-intensive products such as textiles and clothing increased. In the first five months, the export of mechanical and electrical products in China was 3.03 trillion yuan, down 2.5%; In the same period, the total export of seven categories of labor-intensive products, including clothing, textiles, furniture, footwear, plastic products, toys and luggage, increased by 2%, accounting for over 20% of the total export value.

　　consumption structure

　　Online retail continues to grow rapidly and consumption continues to upgrade.

　　As the "new kinetic energy" of economic development, the growth rate of consumption is lower than expected from the data performance, but in Sheng Laiyun’s view, the transformation and upgrading of the consumer goods market has made new progress.

　　In May, the total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 2,661.1 billion yuan, a nominal increase of 10.0% year-on-year and 0.76% quarter-on-quarter. From January to May, the total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 10.2% year-on-year. .

　　"Sales in industries related to the improvement of residents’ consumption quality and quality improvement have maintained rapid growth, and the trend of consumption upgrading continues to appear," Sheng Laiyun said.

　　For example, automobile sales in May increased by 8.6% year-on-year, 3.5 percentage points faster than that in April, which played an important role in supporting the steady growth of retail sales in that month. In the first five months, the sales of sports and entertainment products nationwide increased by 12.9% year-on-year, and the sales of Chinese and western medicines increased by 14.4% year-on-year.

　　Lin Tao, a senior statistician of the Department of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the National Bureau of Statistics, also affirmed the sales growth of consumption-upgrading commodities, saying that "the sales of new formats, new products and some consumption-upgrading-related commodities maintained rapid growth".

　　From January to May, online retail sales continued to grow rapidly, with the national online retail sales reaching 1,808.9 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 27.7%. Among them, the national online retail sales of physical goods increased by 25.9% year-on-year, the growth rate was 0.3 percentage points faster than that of January-April, and 15.9 percentage points higher than the growth rate of total retail sales of social consumer goods.

　　industrial structure

　　The overall stable structure of industrial production is continuously optimized.

　　At the press conference held on June 13, Sheng Laiyun summed up the overall situation of the national economy operation last month with the words "overall stability, steady progress".

　　He specifically mentioned that the word "stable" is first manifested in the relatively stable industrial production. In May, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 6%, the same as in April. There have been some positive changes in industrial production. The added value of manufacturing industry increased by 7.2%, up 0.3 percentage points from last month, and the data of industrial electricity consumption rose by 0.3 percentage points.

　　From the data, the growth rate of service industry continues to be faster than that of industry, which means that the proportion of service industry in GDP continues to increase. At the same time, the industrial structure continues to be optimized, and the growth rate of high-tech industries and advanced equipment manufacturing industries is obviously accelerating, and the proportion is also constantly increasing.

　　In May, the added value of high-tech industry and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 11.5% and 8.5% respectively year-on-year, and the growth rate was 1.8 and 0.6 percentage points higher than that of last month, 5.5 and 2.5 percentage points faster than that of industries above designated size.

　　Another data reflecting the operation of the industrial economy is improving synchronously. In May, the PPI (ex-factory price of industrial producers) decreased by 2.8% year-on-year, which was 0.6 percentage points lower than that of the previous month, and the decline narrowed for five consecutive months.

　　Peking University Economic Research Institute’s prediction of the future trend of industrial product prices shows that the year-on-year decline of PPI should continue to narrow due to the influence of low cardinal utility.

　　real estate market

　　The growth rate of sales data of "destocking" commercial housing began to decline

　　After the "crazy March", the real estate market gradually returned to rationality in May, but the sales data still maintained a rapid growth.

　　In the first five months, the national commercial housing sales area was 479.54 million square meters, up 33.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 3.3 percentage points compared with that in January-April. Among them, the residential sales area increased by 34.2%. The national sales of commercial housing reached 3,677.5 billion yuan, up 50.7% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 5.2 percentage points.

　　In response to the narrowing of the cumulative growth rate of commercial housing sales data, Yan Yuejin, research director of the think tank center of Yiju Research Institute, told the reporter of Zhongxin.com that "this is related to the current cooling of the property market in second-tier cities". Previously, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Nanjing and other cities were basically popular. There has been a decline in transactions.

　　The sustained and rapid growth of sales data has effectively helped the "destocking" of the national property market. At the end of May, the area of commercial housing for sale was 721.69 million square meters, a decrease of 5.21 million square meters compared with the end of April.

　　Sheng Laiyun said that real estate inventory is the highlight of this year’s destocking task, and real estate inventory has been declining for several months. "The area for sale of commercial housing continues to decrease, and the effect of destocking has begun to show." Li Jiao, senior statistician of the Investment Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, said when interpreting real estate data.

　　In Yan Yuejin’s view, while "destocking", it is even more necessary to be alert to the risk of rapid rise in housing prices. "Especially in some third-and fourth-tier cities, similar to the surrounding areas of big cities such as Kunshan, Wuxi, Dongguan and Langfang, the effect of destocking is good, but the price increase is also obvious, which is the content that needs attention in subsequent destocking." Yan Yuejin said. (End)

As one of the five international auto shows, Tokyo Auto Show will open on October 21st, and the exhibition period will be extended to 17 days for the first time, surpassing the Paris Auto Show’s 16 days, and it will become the longest major international auto show in the world. Sina Auto will report this auto event live for you all the time. The following is a picture of the participating sports car Bugatti Veyron.

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