Summer has come in Fuzhou. With the temperature rising and catching up with the rainy season, mosquitoes are becoming more and more rampant. May-November is the epidemic season of dengue fever in China every year, so we should always be vigilant. Dengue fever can be prevented and controlled, and the key lies in prevention. So what is dengue fever? Let’s get to know it together ~

01

dengue

　　Dengue fever (DF) is an acute insect-borne infectious disease caused by dengue virus. It is also called "bone fracture fever" because of its severe pain, and it belongs to Class B legal infectious disease in China. The high incidence season of dengue fever is summer and autumn, which generally increases gradually from May, and the peak period is from August to October. The incubation period is 3-15 days, usually 5-8 days, and the whole population is generally susceptible.

Dengue fever does not spread from person to person!

　　Dengue virus is mainly transmitted to humans through the bite of female Aedes aegypti (mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) carrying the virus, and generally does not spread directly from person to person. The perennial monitoring found that there was a vector of dengue fever in Fuzhou — — Aedes albopictus

02

clinical symptoms

　　[Sudden high fever] The body temperature rises to 39℃ ~ 40℃ within a day or two, and it often lasts for a week.

　　【 "Body Pain 】 I feel headache, eye socket pain, muscle joint and bone pain, and the whole person feels very tired.

　　["Redness"] The skin on the face, neck, chest and limbs is red, which seems to be "drunk", and even conjunctival congestion and superficial lymphadenopathy appear.

　　★ The incubation period of dengue fever is generally 3 ~ 15 days, and most of them are 5 ~ 8 days. Patients and recessive infected people are the main sources of infection. Patients are contagious from 1 day before onset to 5 days after onset.

　　★ After some people are infected with dengue virus, the virus exists in the blood but does not get sick, that is, recessive infection, but it can also transmit the virus to others through Aedes mosquitoes.

Special reminder

　　The symptoms of dengue fever are similar to those of colds and flu. Pay attention to the following three differences:

　　1. The fever caused by dengue fever is generally "high fever", and the body temperature can often reach 39℃ or even 40℃.

　　2. In addition to fever, patients with dengue fever are often accompanied by bone pain, headache, muscle pain, rash, bleeding spots, and some patients may also have gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and stomachache.

　　Besides fever, the symptoms caused by cold are often accompanied by symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and cough.

　　If you have a history of living abroad or have fever or rash after returning to Rongrong in areas with epidemic situation in China, please be sure to go to a medical institution with a fever clinic (consultation room) as soon as possible, and actively inform the medical staff of mosquito bites or the history of living abroad in the past two weeks, and never take medicine by yourself or see a doctor in a small clinic.

03

What should I do if I am infected with dengue fever?

　　If you are accidentally infected with dengue virus, don’t be too alarmed. Dengue fever patients generally have a good prognosis, and can basically recover after timely treatment, but there are also reports of a few serious cases of death, so please take scientific precautions. Dengue fever patients should pay attention to the following points:

　　Pay attention to rest.

　　Use acetaminophen (such as paracetamol) to treat pain, and avoid using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen and aspirin).

　　When staying at home or in hospital, do a good job in mosquito isolation, including using mosquito nets and screen doors, wearing long-sleeved clothes, spraying mosquito repellent and other measures to reduce unnecessary outdoor activities.

　　If you find any serious symptoms, please contact a doctor as soon as possible!

　　The mortality rate of typical dengue fever is less than 1%, but if it is not treated in time, it will become severe and the mortality rate will exceed 20%.

　　Therefore, no matter the severity of the illness, seek medical advice in time! Seek medical attention in time! Seek medical attention in time! Is the best way to deal with it

04

How to prevent dengue fever?

　　At present, there is no approved and registered vaccine for dengue fever, and there is no specific antiviral drug. Mosquito control is the key to prevent dengue fever.

　　(1) Environmental governance

　　Clean up all kinds of stagnant water at home. Water bottles should be changed for aquatic plants every 5-7 days, and no stagnant water should be left on the flowerpot chassis. The terrace outside the building, outdoor potholes, tree holes, bamboo tubes and other accumulated water, should be regularly dredged, leveled and filled with potholes, rummaged pots and cans, and cleaned up waste tires and other measures. For stagnant water that cannot be removed for a long time, a corrosion inhibitor can be put in to kill larvae.

　　(2) Physical prevention and control

　　Use light, sound, electricity and other physical methods to kill, trap or drive away mosquitoes, such as optical traps and electric mosquito swatter.

　　(3) Chemical control

　　Use mosquito-repellent incense, repellent, aerosol insecticide and other commonly used chemicals to kill and repel mosquitoes.

　　(4) Biological control

　　Ornamental fish are stocked in ponds and lotus tanks, carp and grass carp are stocked in paddy fields and irrigation ditches, and mosquito larvae are eliminated by stocking fish.

　　(5) Personal protection

　　During the epidemic season in dengue endemic areas, screen doors and screens should be installed indoors, and mosquito nets should be used when sleeping. Try to minimize going out during the peak hours of mosquito activities. When going out, such as going to parks, green belts and other places, you should wear long-sleeved clothes and trousers, and apply mosquito repellent drugs to exposed skin and clothes. You should also avoid staying too long in places with more outdoor mosquitoes such as shade, grass and gazebo. Avoid traveling to Southeast Asia, Africa, America and other regions during the period of high incidence of mosquito-borne infectious diseases.

Language is an important tool for human beings to express their communication and thinking. Language reflects people’s thoughts, and people use language to communicate, express and create. The daily language used by human beings is called natural language, which includes vocabulary, pronunciation, semantics and grammar. The language used for machine programming is called computer language, which consists of numbers, characters and grammatical rules. Human natural languages are in different languages and belong to different language families, and computer languages are also divided into various categories according to different writing rules. Language intelligence, the ability of people to communicate and think in writing through language dialogue, is regarded as an aspect of human intelligence. In contrast, a machine (computer) has the ability to recognize computer language, run programs and perform operations, and computer language can be regarded as a language inherent in the machine. If the computer can understand the natural language as a "foreign language", realize the translation of natural language, understand and execute people’s commands, and even talk to people, can it be considered that the computer has language intelligence similar to that of people? This paper will answer this question.

Definition of natural language and computer language

The language used in human daily life is called natural language. Humans use language to express ideas, communicate and describe objects. As a carrier, language carries the connotation of words. Many languages of human beings belong to different language families, but languages can correspond and translate with each other. Every language is a system including vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation, in which vocabulary is used to express itself according to grammatical rules. As the philosopher and linguist Chomsky said in Language and Mind, "People who know a certain language have mastered a set of rules system, which assigns sounds and meanings to countless possible sentences in a certain way." However, individuals who use natural language may not be aware of the rules and connotations of this language system: "People who know the language are not aware that they have mastered these rules or are using them, and there is no reason to assume that this knowledge of language rules can be brought into consciousness."

The acquisition of natural language is based on life and social interaction. The process for children to master a language is to get in touch with words and sentences through a large number of dialogues, acquire sentence models in conversations and chats, and then master grammar. It can be seen that the learning of natural language is from semantics to grammar. Therefore, some scholars discuss language acquisition from the standpoint of human language talent theory. For example, Chomsky thinks that there is a natural universal grammar in the human brain, which exists in a place called language acquisition device. He tried to explain the relationship between language research and human nature, and thought that language reflected the process of human mind and determined all aspects of ideological characteristics and development.

From the perspective of language system, natural language is both stable and changeable. On the premise that a language exists, its vocabulary and basic grammar are stable. At the same time, the language is constantly updated, derived and developed due to the changes of the times and environment during its inheritance and use.

Computer language refers to the language that uses numbers and characters to write programs according to the prescribed grammatical rules, so that computers can do all kinds of work. It includes machine language, assembly language, high-level language and so on. In different ways of thinking about programming and programming models, statements composed of characters and grammatical rules perform operations according to instructions. The original intention of computer language design is to enable people to better control and operate computers. At present, every action and step made by all computers are carried out according to the program compiled by computer language. The operation of a computer is a process of accepting input, matching objects and outputting answers. In the execution operation, the calculator must first understand the input commands of people, and translate the natural language. The source code of the application program is translated into the target code machine language by the interpreter of the corresponding language, and then the compilation operation is carried out to translate the program source code into the target code machine language.

It can be said that computer language is the medium of man-machine dialogue. Computer language can recognize and translate natural language, perform operations and output results in its construction, and the translation process is the key to man-machine cooperation and even man-machine dialogue. The machine can only continue to perform operations after understanding the commands input by human beings. Before the emergence of intelligent machines, people’s input instructions to machines were single, but today’s intelligent machines have gradually tried to understand people’s commands through voice and image recognition. At present, this ability mainly depends on corpus analysis, enhanced matching search and deep learning.

If the vocabulary of natural language is regarded as a set of symbols and its grammar is regarded as the rules for the use of symbols, then computer language is also the use of symbols and rules. The encoding and decoding of computer input and output, as well as the operation in human-computer interaction, are also similar to the process of using language to listen, read, write and communicate with people. In this sense, computer language seems to be the natural language of computers. If the computer is truly intelligent, then in its view, human natural language can be regarded as a foreign language. But can computers be intelligent?

To compare natural language with computer language, an important perspective is to distinguish the internal logic of natural language and computer language from their logical systems. Logic is an important connotation of language, and the logical structure and grammatical system of a language are the root causes that distinguish it from other languages and languages.

Logic in Natural Language and Computer Language

In the use of natural language, ambiguity and ambiguity are inevitable, and there are misunderstandings and deviations in translation between languages. Scholars want to solve the ambiguity and ambiguity of words in expression and find the common deep structure in human language, so they invented formal language by using mathematical methods for reference. The original intention of formal language is that people want to make logic have a set of universal symbols like mathematics, so as to try to establish a universal and unambiguous language. Through this language, all thinking and reasoning can be transformed into calculus and become as accurate as mathematics. Logicians try to accurately describe the world described by natural language with formal systems and symbols, so as to make more accurate reasoning, analysis and judgment. Therefore, in the study of logical language, it also includes the study of natural language generative grammar.

Natural language can be regarded as a symbol system, in which words are symbols to express ideas under the cultural background. However, the logic in natural language is not only grammatical structure, but also semantic. The ambiguity and vagueness of some words in our daily expression are difficult to judge in grammar, but they can be simply solved by context and the introduction of context. Wittgenstein thinks that natural language is used to express objects, the meaning of a proposition or sentence comes from its real object, and the process of learning language is to master the relationship between words and objects. We can’t get meaning from a single word, but through association and activity, so natural language has meaning under certain environment and specific rules of the game.

Therefore, the logic of natural language has one more dimension than that of formal language. Natural language is a part of human mind, and the logic contained in words is the unique logical ability of human mind. As Wittgenstein pointed out, a single vocabulary and grammatical structure cannot convey complete meaning. The acquisition of natural language can’t be achieved only by learning the logical structure of language. Therefore, mind is an important concept in the acquisition of natural language.

The computer language used by the machine is also a formal language. It is the language that people first gave to the machine and became the pre-existing language in it. When computers understand and execute human commands, they need to translate natural languages into computer languages that can be understood by machines, and then carry out program operations. Formal description of natural language is very important for mechanical imitation of computer programs, but understanding imitation is different from mechanical imitation. Mechanical imitation involves formal nature, while comprehension imitation involves quasi-semantic nature. At present, computers are mainly based on mechanical imitation and talk to people’s natural language through logical language. Therefore, although the processing of natural language by computer can be regarded as a kind of translation, at present, this kind of translation is different from the mutual translation between two languages in natural language.

In the process of disambiguation, computers need a lot of knowledge, including linguistic knowledge (morphology, syntax, semantics, context, etc.) and common sense cognition about the world. This has also caused two main difficulties in natural language processing at present. Measuring computer language from the perspective of natural language is highly formalized, which makes its ability to describe context limited, and it cannot convey multi-layer information like natural language. Therefore, although formal language has advantages in accuracy, its contextual shaping ability and expressive power are inevitably weaker than natural language. In the understanding of natural language, it is difficult for formal language to fully describe how lexical devices are related to syntactic structures, thus forming the meaning of sentences, which is also an important reason for errors in computer recognition of natural language. Of course, with the development of corpus construction and corpus linguistics, the rationalism method based on syntactic-semantic rules, which was mainly used by computers in dealing with natural languages, has taken a back seat. Nowadays, the natural language processing technology has introduced statistical mathematics methods, and gradually reduced errors with the support of matching search and automatic learning methods.

Cognitive science holds that thinking and cognition are logical operations of knowledge, while computerized natural language analysis mainly depends on the expression of logical language. From the perspective of behaviorism, if the machine has a computer language, and it is constantly strengthened and more accurate in the operation execution and use the day after tomorrow, it is a kind of acquisition and consolidation. In this sense, computer language seems to be its natural language for computers. However, although natural language and computer language each contain many kinds, the reasons for their diversity are different. Different from the differences of history, culture and region, computer language is developed for different needs when writing programs. Therefore, the connotation of natural language and computer language is different. Fundamentally speaking, the mind embodied by natural language is different from that expressed by computer language.

Natural language and mind

If natural language is the tool of human expression and the medium of thinking, then the relationship between natural language and mind is inseparable. To a certain extent, people’s ability to use language is one of the manifestations of mental ability. Mind is different from intelligence. Mind is a part of intelligence, which refers to people’s abilities of perception, feeling, memory, learning, understanding and innovation.

Mental ability includes the understanding of natural language. When using natural language in daily life, we can get the pronunciation, image and connotation of the described object at the same time. In our daily life, whenever we hear someone describe something or see someone pointing to an object, we will remember what this thing is called and say the same words when we refer to that thing again in the future. We can also experience all kinds of emotions and feelings in the sentence from other people’s voices, movements, expressions and eyes, as well as body movements, tones and tones. That is to say, in natural language, the meaning of words is not limited to the meaning of a single word, but also includes the appearance of the referent, pronunciation, the intention of the narrator and the context at that time. The meanings of natural language are fully embodied in social communication and dialogue. A comprehensive grasp of these meanings requires mental ability, and vice versa. As Chomsky said: the surface rule of words forming sentences is grammar, but the real meaning of sentences is reflected in the deep structure. The deep structure is related to the surface structure through some mental operations. In other words, the connection between all words, sounds and meanings of natural language is based on the grammatical structure on the basis of mind.

Furthermore, the study of natural language is also a reflection of mental ability. Psychologists represented by Chomsky believe that language and grammatical structure are the essence and characteristics of human mind. No matter how different language users are in individual experience and ability, they will complete the task of constructing language theory system in a very similar way. We are endowed with cognitive structure and language ability in our minds, and gradually strengthen our grasp of grammar rules in the application of acquired knowledge. "On a basic level, we humans are not learning languages. The real situation is that languages grow up in our minds."

Different from Chomsky, Quine’s language theory is based on empiricism and behaviorism. He opposes both the thorough empiricism reductionism and the pure transcendental knowledge. He believes that the reason why language can express meaning depends on the acquisition of behavior, and people’s mental ability embodied in language behavior is gradually acquired. The mental ability to master and use a language is acquired and can be strengthened through training. In Quine’s view, our ability to master language comes from public knowledge, which is a kind of inheritance of human common experience and knowledge background, rather than a priori existence: "Even if we want to talk about a unique quality of sensory awareness, most of us have to turn to public objects, the color of oranges, the taste of rotten eggs, and so on. To continuously access the previous sensory data, it also depends on the reference object. Of course, we should explore the sensory awareness and sensory stimulation behind the daily discourse about objects, but these are the background of concept formation or language, not their underlying structure. "

According to Chomsky’s theory, the initial inner nature that we give to an intelligent computer can be counted as its innate "mind", of course, such a mind is given by people and is incomplete. According to Quine’s theory, under the premise of being constructed, the computer has acquired the knowledge background and can continuously strengthen its language ability in learning, which seems to mean that it is possible to obtain real intelligence in intensive learning, including the same level of language intelligence as people.

Machine language and mind

In the famous Turing test of artificial intelligence, if a person can have a long enough conversation with a machine, if the interlocutor can’t tell whether the answer comes from a machine or a person, then it is judged that the machine is intelligent. It can be seen that the main ability of Turing’s intelligent computer is the ability to understand and use language. The test defines the intelligence of the machine as several aspects: the machine should be able to answer the questions of input text; Be able to explain the meaning of words; Able to understand sentences composed of words; Be able to translate one language into another. Language ability is an important criterion to judge whether a computer has intelligence. It can even be said that from the mechanism of Turing test, language ability can be equated with intelligence.

If intelligence must master language ability, as mentioned above, although the natural language used by human beings has vague and ambiguous contents, its expressive power is indeed stronger than that of formal language. If a computer wants to have real intelligence, it must have the ability to understand natural language in different contexts. However, this ability is almost impossible in the existing technology. Dreyfus mentioned in What Computers Can’t Do that one of the difficult problems for machines to acquire intelligence is to solve the ambiguity in language. Although there is now the support of enhanced matching search and big data, the ambiguity problem of natural language has been partially solved on the surface. However, if we can really understand and use a language by referring to the way we use natural language, we need to master the necessary reasoning rules (including expert knowledge reasoning and common sense reasoning), but also have the ability to understand and comprehend the context. With this ability, you can be considered to have a mind and intelligence.

When discussing machine intelligence and mind, many researchers hope to get inspiration from the generation and structure of human intelligence. From simple development to complex thinking, human intelligence seems to have rules to follow, but if you consider it carefully, even the simplest and most elementary intelligence involves the cooperation of millions of brain cells and muscle cells on a large scale. These simple behaviors are embedded with too much intelligence, which are deep mental abilities that are not realized in daily speech and behavior. Language intelligence, as one of them, if we consider the source of language mechanism and its role in the sudden qualitative change of human intelligence, at least two basic problems will appear: first, the core semantic content of the smallest meaningful element, including the simplest element. Second, the principle of allowing unlimited combinations of symbols. If we want to analyze the physiological structure and logical structure produced by human mind step by step, we will try to endow the machine with mind by imitating this structure. It is bound to face two dilemmas: first, the human brain is a black box that cannot be completely mastered; Second, the mind, as a non-physical but real existence, is an elusive existence for technology.

From the standpoint of mentalism, it is impossible for a computer to have the same mental ability as human beings, although it can acquire more sophisticated and accurate natural language processing technology with the development of technology, and it can understand all instructions of natural language in operation and execution. From the standpoint of behaviorism, if a machine has the same language ability as human beings and can understand and express natural language, it seems that it can be considered as a machine with mind. However, the inevitable problems in the transformation between natural language and formal language also indicate that imitation based on behaviorism cannot be exactly the same as human beings.

conclusion

With the development of technology, the number of natural language texts that can be processed by computers has been increasing. Under the application requirements of text mining, information extraction, cross-language information processing, human-computer interaction and so on, the research on computer natural language processing is also advancing. However, natural language is directional and logical in description and expression, and conveys and carries culture. This means that natural language is not only a combination of some words and symbols, but also different from formal language. Although natural language is also used under certain logical grammar and has the functions of communication, exchange, expression and creation, it also has cultural attributes. The acquisition of a language not only includes the use of words and grammatical rules, but also includes the understanding and recognition of a culture. At this level, no matter how much the existing intelligent machines deal with natural languages, they have not yet possessed real intelligence. Therefore, we can take the normal use of language as extremely clear empirical evidence to prove that other creatures have the same mind as us, but not as discriminatory evidence of the source of mind and human ability.

Descartes said that "language is the core symbol of human thinking", which means that language ability and human thinking ability are inseparable and language ability is the representation of human mind. He also pointed out that two important abilities of human mind, understanding and will, cannot be realized by machines (automata). Because the mind has no substance, it is impossible for automata to create the mind by imitating the surface structure anyway. Descartes’ prediction is still correct today, although it lacks the integrity of argument. The use, expression and creation of language is an important content of human intelligence. If the intelligent machine in the future will have the same or even stronger intelligence as human beings, then it must have the same understanding and application ability as human language ability. This can’t be done at the existing computer language level. As for whether machines can learn "foreign languages" by new breakthrough technologies in the future, that is another question.

References:

Dreyfus. What Computers Can’t Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence [M]. Joint Publishing Company, 1986.

Noam Chomsky. Language and Mind [M]. Renmin University of China Press, 2015.

Selected Works of Noam Chomsky Chomsky’s Philosophy of Language [M]. The Commercial Press, 1992.

Noam Chomsky. Some Problems of Syntactic Theory [M]. China Social Sciences Press, 1986.

Quine. Words and Objects [M]. Renmin University of China Press, 2012.

Wittgenstein. Philosophical Studies [M]. The Commercial Press, 2000.

Frege. Selected Works of Frege’s Philosophy [M]. The Commercial Press, 2006.

　　Chongqing Rail Transit (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Chongqing Rail Group) announced on the evening of January 19 that at noon on January 18, a sling fork ear screw of Egongyan Rail Bridge on the subway ring line was abnormal, and Chongqing Rail Group immediately launched an emergency plan, and the operation of the Olympic Sports Center on the ring line was suspended from Xiejiawan to Strait Road.

　　At the same time, Chongqing Rail Group quickly organized relevant experts and technicians to carry out emergency treatment, and technicians will conduct a comprehensive inspection of the bridge sling system.

　　Zhou Shuixing, director of the Bridge Engineering Department of the School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) after seeing the multi-angle photos on the spot that the screw fracture should be related to the material and stress, and other screws should be inspected comprehensively after this happens. He said that it may only be necessary to replace the screw, which will have little impact on the whole bridge.

　　Broken sling fork ear screw

　　Chongqing Railway has repeatedly sent messages saying that it has investigated hidden dangers and apologized.

　　On the afternoon of January 19th, the news that there was a problem with the sling of Egongyan Track Bridge spread in many WeChat groups in Chongqing. According to the information released by Chongqing Railway Group, the sling failure occurred at noon on January 18th. The Paper checked the official Weibo and found that at 13: 04 on January 18th, Chongqing Rail Group released the news of the first ring road facility failure.

　　The news said, "Due to the hidden dangers of the subway ring line equipment and facilities, the staff are actively investigating, which has caused the operation of the Olympic Sports Center from Xiejiawan to Haixia Road to be blocked. Please cooperate with the station staff to guide and wait in an orderly manner or transfer to other means of transportation."

　　At 13: 41 on January 18th, Chongqing Rail Group released the second operation emergency message through Guanwei, saying, "The operation of the Olympic Sports Center from Xiejiawan to Strait Road is blocked due to hidden dangers in the facilities of the subway ring line. In order to maintain the operation to the maximum extent, the Olympic Sports Center is now running through Ranjiaba to Strait Road, and the bus connection between the entrance and exit of the Olympic Sports Center Station 5B and the entrance and exit of Strait Road Station 3A is started."

　　Since then, Chongqing Rail Group has released information twice at 23: 04 on January 18th and 10: 22 on January 19th, indicating that hidden dangers of equipment and facilities are still under investigation and rectification.

　　Then, Chongqing Rail Group issued a letter of apology for "the inconvenience of passengers’ travel due to the inability of the loop train to operate normally on time for some reason". In the letter of apology, the group said that it would further improve the maintenance and emergency rescue capabilities of rail transit system equipment, minimize the occurrence of emergencies, and let rail transit give full play to its advantages of "safety, speed, punctuality and comfort".

　　Upper part of broken sling fork ear screw

　　Trial operation of the involved track bridge in 2019

　　The Paper inquired about Chongqing local media reports and found that in 2014, the construction of Egongyan Track Bridge started, which was undertaken by China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau. In October 2019, the bridge began trial operation of the track loop.

　　According to chongqing morning post, Egongyan Rail Bridge is located between Haixia Road Station and Xiejiawan Station of rail transit loop, connecting Nan ‘an District and Jiulongpo District of Chongqing, and it is an important node bridge of rail transit loop across the Yangtze River. The total length of the bridge is 1650.5 meters. It is a self-anchored suspension bridge with five-span continuous steel box girder, twin towers and double cable planes, and the main span reaches 600 meters. Its span ranks among the top suspension bridges for rail transit in the world, and it is also the self-anchored suspension bridge with the largest main span in the world.

　　It is worth mentioning that Egongyan Track Bridge is located about 45 meters upstream of Egongyan Bridge. The height of the two bridges is basically the same, and they are known as twin sister bridges.

　　Official website, China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group Co., Ltd., said when introducing Egongyan Track Bridge that Egongyan Track Bridge is the key project of Chongqing Rail Transit Loop Phase II. The self-anchored suspension cable of five-span continuous steel box girder with twin towers and double cable planes with a main span of 600 meters is the "most" self-anchored suspension bridge in the world, compared with the self-anchored suspension bridge with the second largest span in the world at that time — — The bridge on Muhu Island in Estonia is 120 meters long. The main tower of the bridge is 153 meters high, which is equivalent to 50 stories high. The main construction difficulties include the excavation of main tower foundation, the construction of main tower, the installation of steel box girder of cable-stayed bridge, the installation of main cable of suspension bridge, system transformation and the construction monitoring of the whole bridge. The construction standard is high, and it is risky and challenging. It is the first case in the world to adopt the method of "cable-stayed first and then suspended cable" in organizational construction.

　　Broken sling fork ear screw

　　Bridge expert: Fracture is related to material and stress.

　　Zhou Shuixing, director of the Department of Bridge Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, looked at the multi-angle photos at the scene and said that the fracture of the sling fork ear screw was related to its material and stress. It may have little impact on the whole bridge, just change the suspenders.

　　Regarding "will other screws face the same fracture", Zhou Shuixing said that the bridge should be physically examined every year and inspected daily. Generally, after this problem occurs, other screws should be thoroughly inspected.

　　However, Zhou Shuixing also said that the vibration caused by the running of the vehicle is somewhat unfavorable to the sling fork ear screw, and vibration reduction measures can be taken. But we can’t find out why until the test results come out.

　　CCTV News:The website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection recently replied on how to identify and handle real names, anonymous reports, and how to deal with false accusations, false accusations and other questions from netizens. The following are the details of consultation messages and replies.

　　Netizen "UFO 123":How do discipline inspection and supervision organs identify and handle real-name reports?

　　Central commission for discipline inspection letters and calls room: Using my real name or the name of my unit to provide effective contact information to report and accuse party member, the party organization and the object of supervision of violating discipline to the discipline inspection and supervision organs is a real-name report. Discipline inspection and supervision organs advocate real-name reporting, give priority to real-name reporting, and protect the rights of real-name informants in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　Netizen "lifting is healthier":How do discipline inspection and supervision organs handle anonymous reports? What should I pay attention to when reporting anonymously?

　　Central commission for discipline inspection letters and calls roomDiscipline inspection and supervision organs advocate real-name reporting, and both real-name reporting and anonymous reporting should be taken seriously and properly handled. If an anonymous report is made, it shall provide the name, work unit, specific circumstances and evidence of the facts of violation of discipline as much as possible, and shall not fabricate facts to falsely accuse or frame up.

　　Netizen "Apple is still sweet":How do discipline inspection and supervision organs deal with false accusations and false accusations?

　　Central commission for discipline inspection letters and calls roomIf the accusation is untrue, it must be strictly distinguished between false accusation and false accusation. Those who deliberately fabricate facts and falsely accuse or frame others shall be dealt with severely in accordance with relevant regulations; Suspected of a crime, transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law. The determination of false accusation must be approved by the party Committee or discipline inspection commission at or above the prefecture level (including prefecture level). If a false accusation occurs due to an incomplete understanding of the facts, it should clarify the right and wrong within a certain range, eliminate the impact on the wrongdoer, and educate the wrongdoer.

Whether you pay attention to the new energy automobile circle or not, you should have heard of Xiaomi automobile more or less. Last year, it was born, and with good product strength and traffic blessing, it quickly became a hot topic model. This year, Xiaomi’s second model will also come, and what kind of performance will it have?

According to the latest news, Xiaomi YU7 is positioned as a medium and large SUV, with an estimated price of 300,000-400,000, which is expected to be officially launched in June-July 2025. Moreover, the entry-level version of the new car is equipped with a large battery and a laser radar, and competitors point directly at mainstream models such as Tesla. Recently, following the announcement of the application information by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the latest real car map about the car was exposed again.?

What are the highlights of Xiaomi YU7 real car?

Judging from the real car, Xiaomi YU7 still adopts the familiar Xiaomi family design language as a whole, and the bullet-shaped headlight groups on both sides of the enclosed grille have great visual effect and good recognition. In addition, the new car is also equipped with a large-size blackened air inlet, which further enhances the sporty atmosphere of the whole car with the triangular diversion grooves on both sides.

In detail, the upper part of the headlight group of Xiaomi YU7 adopts hollow design, which can better guide the airflow to the tail end of the front hood compartment for discharge, thus further optimizing aerodynamics and reducing wind resistance.

As for the body part, Xiaomi YU7 adopts the big-slip-back coupe style. The roof line is dynamic and smooth, and the front of the car looks very slender, giving people a body posture that is ready to go. In addition, the new car is also equipped with new-style wheels and yellow brake calipers. The side-looking camera at the front fender and the lidar on the roof are not absent, or it will be equipped with Xiaomi Pilot intelligent driving system.

In terms of body size, according to the known information at present, the length, width and height of rear-wheel drive models are 4999/1996/1608mm, and the length, width and height of four-wheel drive models are 4999/1996/1600 respectively, and the wheelbase is 3000mm, which can be said to be a whole circle larger than Tesla Model Y.

From the rear of the car, the penetrating taillight design of Xiaomi YU7 is basically the same as that of Xiaomi SU7, and it is expected to bring good visual effects after lighting. In addition, the top of the new car is also equipped with a small tail and a hollow spoiler, which is decorated with a large diffuser at the lower enclosure, and the sports atmosphere is full.

In terms of interior, combined with the latest spy photos and some previous details, Xiaomi YU7 will also continue the family-style design, but the details will also be adjusted. In addition to the three-position steering wheel that is the same as Xiaomi SU7, the new car will be replaced with a penetrating front-end display screen, which may take into account the display functions such as dashboard and navigation information, and with a large-size screen in central control, to create a stronger sense of science and technology.

Moreover, the central channel area of Xiaomi YU7 has also been adjusted, and it has become more concise without a row of physical buttons on Xiaomi SU7. In addition, practical designs such as wireless charging of mobile phones and cup holders are also preserved.?

What is the dynamic performance of Xiaomi YU7?

According to the latest application information, Xiaomi YU7 will provide a single-motor rear-drive version and a version. Among them, the maximum power of the single motor version is 235kW and the maximum speed is 240km/h, which is matched with the group; The maximum power of the front and rear motors of the dual-motor version is 220/288kW and the maximum speed is 253km/h, which matches the group, but the specific cruising range is not disclosed in the application information.

As far as the known information is concerned, the power performance of Xiaomi YU7 is still outstanding, and it is reported that its 100-kilometer acceleration will reach 3 seconds. Referring to the new Tesla Model Y, its high-performance version has a total motor power of 357kW and an official acceleration time of 3.7 seconds.?

Can Xiaomi YU7 be the next explosion?

In the past year, Xiaomi automobile had a splendid scenery. Although the first model Xiaomi SU7 was launched less than a year ago, the actual delivery reached 135,000 vehicles, far exceeding the original sales target of 70,000 vehicles. In December, the monthly sales volume reached 25,000+vehicles, which was particularly eye-catching among the new forces. With this "east wind", the arrival of Xiaomi YU7 is also optimistic by the industry.

Judging from the currently known product information, Xiaomi YU7, as the first SUV model of Xiaomi Automobile, should not be too low in terms of body size, dynamic performance and intelligent driving level. The official seems to be full of confidence in this new car. After Tesla’s official social media said "Rejuvenate Model Y, despite the contrast", Lei Jun also replied "Yes" on social media, which seems to be light and windy, but it is actually hidden.

In terms of selling price, it was expected to be around 300,000-400,000, but we guess there should be room for the actual selling price. After all, the starting price of Tesla Model Y is currently 249,900. In addition, according to the previous pricing law that SUVs of the same level will be higher than cars, the starting price of Xiaomi YU7 should be higher than that of Xiaomi SU7. At present, the starting price of Xiaomi SU7 is 215,900, so the starting price of Xiaomi YU7 is likely to be around 240,000. If more surprises are given on this basis, it is very likely to become the next explosion.

Conclusion:

On the whole, the comprehensive strength of Xiaomi YU7 is still worth looking forward to, and the arrival of the new car will further enrich the family product lineup, and it is also expected to make a greater breakthrough in sales. However, for Xiaomi Automobile, the biggest concern is the production capacity. I don’t know if it can complete its delivery target of 300,000 vehicles in 2025 with the commissioning of the second phase plant. What do you think of this? Let’s talk about it.

The richness of the configuration is closely linked to the cost performance of a car, and many people have mentioned it. Let’s take a look at it next.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Hyun Jie. The whole front of Hyun Jie looks very solid and sporty. Coupled with the headlights of fashion sports, the overall look has a certain sense of hierarchy. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, delayed shutdown and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4420 mm * 1831 mm * 1653 mm. The car adopts dynamic lines, and the side wall presents a simple and fashionable design style. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of sports. In the design of the rear of the car, the rear and the front of the car echo each other from a distance, and the taillights look very spiritual. Overall, they are quite fierce.

Sitting in the car, the interior adopts elegant design, and the visual effect is quite unique. The steering wheel of the car is very hard-core and made of imitation leather, which gives people an impulse to control it. From the central control point of view, with the 10.25-inch touch-sensitive LCD central control panel, the interior style is impressive and looks sharp. Finally, let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable and the display effect is excellent. The car adopts imitation leather seats, which are wide and thick and comfortable.

Hyun Jie is matched with CVT gearbox, with the maximum power of 85KW and the maximum torque of 143N.m, and the power performance is good.

Equipped with rear wiper, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), support for CarLife, Bluetooth /WIFI connection, sun visor mirror and other configurations, it has rich functions and greatly improves its convenience.

OK！ Next, let’s sum up. The model class introduced today is the most considered class when many people buy their first car, mainly because the size of this class is moderate and the price is reasonable.

Tencent Video launched the costume idol drama "Try the World" adapted from the novel of the same name of Leng Leng Yue. This drama tells the story of Feng Lanxi and Bai Fengxi, two prominent figures, who have experienced all kinds of love and worked hand in hand to travel around the world.

The play met the audience at 8 pm when it premiered, and eight episodes were released in one breath. If you do a little math, you will find that if anyone watches these eight episodes continuously at night, they will have to stay up until two o’clock in the middle of the night. But even so, on this working night, the broadcast volume of this drama is rising rapidly, ranking third only to "Like an old friend returning" and "Happy Birthday" which have been broadcast for a long time. It may also be based on this that many entertainment bloggers come out to squat down a feedback post to see what everyone’s attitude is.

Under the comments of many feedback posts, there are mainly two voices. The first one, of course, came from fans. They said it well, indicating that the play of this drama was particularly brilliant, with the texture of S+. It cost money at first glance and the moves were carefully designed. Then there is the look at the face. Yang Yang is really handsome in ancient costume, and Zhao Lusi’s crying drama can stand the test.

Another kind of voice, of course, is against this and expresses great dissatisfaction with it. The plot is boring, and it is easy to hypnotize people when they fall asleep. Once again, the voice actor who was familiar to the audience was used. As soon as Bian Jiang spoke, everyone jumped into the play in an instant, and all the classic lines in his mind were, for example, "Zhao Mosheng, what do you owe me?" Anyway, the two forces hold their own words, and they are arguing with each other, and they will meet each other at once.

The feedback on the first day of the premiere was so raging, I think there are the following reasons.

The first reason, which is also the most attractive to many people, is the two leading roles.

Yang Yang, the leading actor, returned to the costume idol drama market this time, with the attitude of absolutely washing away his greasy image in the movie version of to the sky kingdom! Presumably, many netizens still remember the animation of Yang Yang’s "dumping Lamian Noodles" in the movie. Once upon a time, Yang Yang, who was a beautiful son like jade in everyone’s mind, was stepped on by everyone at that time, and everyone had to send him a sentence: "Thank you, there was oil."

After this movie, Yang Yang’s career can be said to have suffered from Waterloo. Bking, greasy and full of negative adjectives are superimposed on him, which makes fans feel bad, fearing that fans will simply lose. Therefore, Yang Yang needs a drama that can prove that he is a really beautiful man rather than a greasy man.

Zhao Lusi, who plays the heroine, is playing the heroine of an S-level costume drama for the first time, which means drawing a line with the image of Xiao Tianmei who has been playing in online dramas before. Once upon a time, she was laughed at by everyone as an online drama cafe. Now, she wants to present different works to everyone. Then, whether she can hold the S-class stably or not, and whether she can control other roles except Xiao Tianmei, the first performance is very important.

The two leading actors in this drama have a little special significance, and they are anxious to let people see themselves differently, which is why everyone wants to seize the high ground of public opinion on the first broadcast day.

The second reason is to look around the recent market.

As mentioned above, the first night of the show was second only to "Like the ancients returning" and "Happy Birthday", but second only to or second only to. The stars of these two dramas are Ren Jialun, who is now broadcasting two dramas at the same time, Dilraba, who is a former CP with Yang Yang, and Zheng Yecheng and Crystal, who are on the rise. All of them are rivals, and no one can be underestimated. At ordinary times, these people have certain competition, and this time is of course even worse. To take a step back, even though there are many differences between these dramas, in the final analysis, they are all idol dramas, and the positioning of several actors is also small flowers, so conflicts are inevitable. As far as the current performance level of domestic dramas is concerned, it is impossible for every drama to be so good that everyone can’t give up. One drama attracts an audience, and another drama will lose an audience.

Finally, because of a historical law, it is difficult for a drama to open low and go high. Most dramas are based on the principle that the first move is the strongest, focusing on the early stage.

There are no dramas that write low and walk high, or even many people, but have you seen any dramas that open low and walk high and finally burst? No. Only a high opening can explode, and some good dramas lost their opportunities in the first episode or two or because of filter clips and other negative news. Although it was finally countered because its content was excellent enough, it has lost the opportunity to become a truly explosive drama.

However, an ordinary drama attracted most people’s attention as soon as it was broadcast, relying on intensive and strong announcements. Even if the follow-up motivation was insufficient, it had already framed a group of viewers. Who let some viewers not abandon the drama once they started to follow it?

2024

SI FA

JI SHU

Types of judicial expertise

There are 28 kinds of traditional four categories and others.

Click here to open the file.

Judicial expertise refers to the activities in which appraisers use science and technology or expertise to identify and judge the specialized issues involved in litigation and provide expert opinions. There are many kinds of professions involved, and any appraisal involving related specialized issues in litigation belongs to the scope of judicial appraisal.

Judicial expertise can be divided into four traditional categories, such as forensic expertise, material evidence expertise, audio-visual material expertise, environmental expertise and other types of judicial expertise outside the four categories, totaling 28.

Number: 2024

Types of judicial expertise

PART 1

Traditional four categories of judicial expertise

1. Forensic medicine

It can be divided into five specific categories: forensic pathology appraisal (such as identification of the cause of death and estimation of the time of death, etc.), forensic clinical appraisal (such as identification of the level of human disability and the degree of human injury, etc.), forensic psychiatric appraisal (such as civil capacity appraisal and mental injury appraisal, etc.), forensic material evidence appraisal (such as kinship appraisal and individual identification, etc.) and forensic poison appraisal (such as volatile poison appraisal and natural medicine poison appraisal, etc.).

2. Physical evidence

It can be divided into three specific categories: document identification (such as handwriting identification, seal identification, etc.), trace identification (such as fingerprint identification, footprint identification, etc.) and trace material evidence identification.

3. Identification of audio-visual materials

It can be divided into recording identification (such as authenticity identification of recording, identity identification of recording, etc.), image identification (such as image content analysis, similarity identification of image works, etc.) and electronic data identification (such as existence identification of electronic data and functional identification of electronic data, etc.).

4. Others

According to the needs of litigation, other authentication matters that should be registered and managed by the judicial administrative department of the State Council in consultation with the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. Including the identified environmental identification (including environmental monitoring identification, environmental pollution damage identification, environmental pollution damage assessment identification, environmental pollution control identification, environmental impact assessment identification, environmental science identification and environmental protection identification, etc. )

PART 2

Judicial expertise outside the traditional four categories

Judicial expertise outside the traditional four categories

The identification beyond the traditional four categories mainly includes:

5. Medical damage

6. Accounting audit (accounting audit, tax audit)

7. Price verification

8. Motor vehicle appraisal and evaluation (motor vehicle technical appraisal and motor vehicle evaluation)

9. Insurance assessment

10. Asset appraisal

11. Forest resource assets assessment (forest resource assets assessment, forest resource survey)

12. Land evaluation

13. Real estate appraisal

14. Surveying and Mapping (Bureau of Surveying and Mapping qualification)

15. Construction engineering (engineering appraisal, engineering cost, engineering inspection, municipal engineering quality appraisal, traffic engineering quality appraisal and design, water conservancy engineering, water transport engineering)

16 product quality appraisal (mechanical and electrical, chemical, light industry, building materials, metal materials and metal products, electronics, food)

17. Intellectual property rights

18. Average assessment

19. Ship inspection and evaluation

20. Mining right evaluation

21. Gold and silver jewelry

22. Arts and crafts

23. Cultural relics identification

24. Scientific and technological advice

25. Safety evaluation

26. Hydrological investigation and evaluation

27. Orthopedic prostheses

28. Other identification types

PART 3

tag

Judicial expertise is an important part of national judicial activities, which plays an irreplaceable role in safeguarding judicial justice, resolving social contradictions, resolving social disputes and promoting social harmony and stability. It is a high unity of science and law. Accurate application of identification categories can improve the quality and efficiency of identification, ensure judicial justice and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of parties.

Original title: "Pro-Law Classroom | What are the types of judicial expertise? 》

Read the original text

Beijing Tax Letter [2023] No.61

　　In order to continuously promote the theme education of the tax system, conscientiously implement the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Economy (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions) and the arrangement of the the State Council executive meeting on July 31, according to the work arrangement of the State Administration of Taxation, the Beijing Taxation Bureau of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China has launched four batches of "Spring Breeze Action for Facilitating Taxation" measures in the first half of this year, focusing on supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households. We will implement the new series of tax reduction and fee reduction policies, combine the actual tax situation in Beijing and the new needs of taxpayers, and then introduce and optimize a number of "Spring Breeze Action for Facilitating Taxes" measures to help the private economy grow and develop, promote the sustained improvement of economic operation, and better serve high-quality development. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　 First, further strengthen policy implementation

　　(a) to formulate and distribute the list of preferential tax policies and related guidelines to support the development of small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households.

　　(two) according to the list and guidelines, organize face-to-face publicity and interpretation of private enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households. Common questions shall be answered in accordance with the question-and-answer caliber uniformly issued by the State Administration of Taxation, so as to ensure the implementation of unified norms.

　　(3) Improve the accurate push mechanism of tax and fee policies, implement the Work Specification for Accurate Push of Tax and Fee Policies of the State Administration of Taxation, better realize "finding people by policies" and ensure that policies can be enjoyed directly and quickly.

　　(4) Improve the service measures for retrospective enjoyment. For those who need tax refund, they should fully respect the will of taxpayers and handle it in time through special projects.

　　(5) If the taxpayer fails to enjoy the policy of adding and deducting R&D expenses in time during the levy period in July this year for various reasons, it can be supplemented in August and September by changing the second quarter (or June) enterprise income tax prepayment declaration; Actively work with relevant departments to collect and compile appraisal cases of R&D projects, and help qualified small and medium-sized enterprises fully and accurately enjoy the bonus of R&D expenses plus deduction policy.

　　(six) for small-scale taxpayers to reduce the value-added tax concessions, small-scale low-profit enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households income tax concessions and other policies, increase the implementation of independent declaration and self-enjoyment, and constantly expand the scope of application.

　　(VII) Improve the push mechanism of dividend bills for tax reduction and fee reduction, optimize and improve system functions, and explore personalized and customized push services for dividend bills.

　　 Two, to further facilitate the handling of taxes and fees

　　(eight) for the "enterprise financial accounting system" and other 11 proof materials using access to reuse measures, reduce the data submitted repeatedly, reduce the burden of tax payment.

　　(9) Deepen the implementation of the notification commitment system for 12 tax certification items, such as "identity certificate of individual industrial and commercial business operators", strictly control the newly established tax certification items, and do not require taxpayers to test, inspect, authenticate, authenticate, notarize or provide certificates before applying for tax matters.

　　(ten) in accordance with the deployment of the State Administration of Taxation, promote digital electronic invoices, help the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and further reduce the institutional transaction costs of small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　(eleven) continue to optimize the value-added tax, enterprise income tax, personal income tax and other tax declaration and pre-filling services, explore intelligent pre-filling, and shorten the reporting time.

　　(12) Optimize the procedures for inter-provincial migration of small and medium-sized enterprises. For qualified small and medium-sized enterprises, the tax authorities shall go through the formalities for moving out in a timely manner according to regulations, and the migration information shall be pushed to the tax authorities in the place where they move in.

　　(XIII) Further optimize the information sharing method of bank and tax credit, and help more private enterprises to obtain financing support through "bank-tax interaction" with good tax credit on the premise of ensuring data security and safeguarding taxpayers’ legitimate rights and interests.

　　 Third, further improve the appeal response

　　(14) Give full play to the role of the mechanism for solving the service demands of taxes and fees. The State Administration of Taxation and the provincial tax bureaus will establish direct contact points for private enterprises at the same time, conduct regular visits and discussions for private enterprises, systematically sort out the problems strongly reflected by small and medium-sized enterprises, study practical and effective solutions, and respond to the reasonable demands of taxpayers and payers in a timely manner.

　　(15) Organize the tax system to continue the service season for small and medium-sized enterprises, focus on the needs and expectations of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, expand innovative service measures, and promote the new series of tax reduction and fee reduction policies to be better implemented.

　　(16) Further strengthen the linkage with the Federation of Industry and Commerce and other departments, actively carry out multi-field and multi-level online and offline professional training and counseling for private enterprises, actively explore the provision of personalized services for different types of private enterprises, and help private enterprises in the transformation and upgrading stage to improve their compliance ability.

　　(17) Cooperate with local chambers of commerce to organize the establishment of private enterprise service stations or service consultants, carry out in-depth work of popularizing law, answering questions, mediating, safeguarding rights, etc., and meet the service needs of enterprise tax and fee consultation in a timely manner.

　　 Fourth, further deepen cross-border services

　　(XVIII) Simplify the relevant statements of overseas investment and information obtained by enterprises, reduce the frequency of submission, and further reduce the reporting burden of enterprises.

　　(XIX) Optimize the "single window" service functions of the electronic tax bureau and international trade, and implement the "exemption from reporting" of export tax refund invoices and export customs declarations, so as to further improve the convenience of private enterprises and other enterprises in handling export tax rebates.

　　(20) Set up the 12366 cross-border service consultation hotline, strengthen the collection and collation of high-frequency difficult tax-related issues in cross-border operations, launch and constantly improve the "cross-border taxpayer’s difficult questions", and broaden the channels for private enterprises to solve doubts and doubts.

　　(21) Combined with the overseas investment characteristics of private enterprises in this Municipality, after official website, the State Administration of Taxation, issued the "Overseas Tax Case Library", cooperate with the publicity and utilization of the "Overseas Tax Case Library", assist in updating and issuing the investment tax guide for countries (regions), and help "going out" private enterprises to prevent tax risks and improve their tax compliance ability.

　　(twenty-two) deepen the use of international tax legal tools such as mutual consultation procedures of tax treaties and advance pricing arrangements, and make greater efforts to help taxpayers such as private enterprises solve cross-border tax-related disputes and improve the tax certainty of cross-border operations.

　　(23) Focusing on the characteristics and tax-related demands of the "going out" taxpayers in this Municipality, we will optimize and upgrade the "Belt and Road" measures for tax services, better serve the "going out" taxpayers in this Municipality, and create a good tax environment for private enterprises to better "go out".

　　 Fifth, further optimize the law enforcement methods

　　(24) Insist on collecting taxes and fees according to laws and regulations, resolutely refuse to collect "excessive taxes and fees", expand and smooth the complaint reporting channels such as the 12366 tax payment service hotline, and seriously investigate and deal with the behavior of collecting "excessive taxes and fees" together.

　　(twenty-five) to accelerate the development of regional unified tax administrative punishment discretion benchmark, and promote regional tax law enforcement coordination.

　　(26) In accordance with the relevant deployment requirements of the State Administration of Taxation, the tax authorities shall provide guidance to private enterprises that meet the requirements and have real difficulties in paying taxes, and shall not take enforcement measures for those who pay taxes as planned.

　　(27) Adhere to the combination of education and punishment, and further strictly implement the system of "no penalty for the first violation". If 14 items in the list of "no penalty for the first violation" of tax administrative punishment occur for the first time and the harmful consequences are slight, they will not be given administrative punishment.

　　(28) Strictly implement the system of fair competition and equity review of tax regulatory documents, strengthen the review of relevant policies and measures, earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of taxpayers in the private economy such as small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, and ensure that all types of enterprises are treated equally and equally.

　　All units should adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, resolutely implement the "Two Unswervings", fully understand the significance of promoting the development and growth of the private economy, fully understand the significance of doing a good job in current tax work to promote the sustained recovery and high-quality development of the national economy, and earnestly enhance the sense of mission and responsibility. Taking the implementation of the Opinions and the spirit of the executive meeting of Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council seriously as an important task to further promote the theme education of the tax system, we should work closely with the actual creativity, solve problems and do practical things for taxpayers in accordance with the law and regulations, take the initiative to cooperate efficiently, be close to the fine service, and strive to promote the private economy to become bigger and better. It is necessary to combine the requirements of continuous innovation and development of "Jinjiang Experience", constantly enrich and improve the measures and methods for tax departments to serve small, medium and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, sum up and popularize good experiences and practices in a timely manner, and fix effective experiences and practices to form a system, so as to ensure that the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to promote the development of the private economy and the new series of tax reduction and fee reduction policies are fully effective in the tax system, and make new and greater contributions to the high-quality development of services.

State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Beijing Municipal Taxation Bureau　　　　

August 22, 2023　　

　　Afraid of eating your own bad stomach, of "Xiong Haizi" damaging the goods in the shopping mall, and of accidentally breaking the screen of your mobile phone? Maybe the insurance company has already thought of it for you. Nowadays, novel Internet insurance products such as "food insurance", "Xiong Haizi insurance" and "mobile phone broken screen insurance" attract more and more consumers’ attention. Are these new types of insurance reliable? How do insurance companies design these products? What should I pay attention to when buying Internet insurance?

　　Meet the individual needs of users

　　"Remember those years because of greed and sin? Then why not take out a food insurance to make yourself more secure? " The reporter saw in a shop of Taobao Insurance that the purchase of this food insurance premium only needs 9 yuan, and in the following year, if you are hospitalized or out-patient for acute gastroenteritis, you can pay 1000 yuan the highest. There are not a few unexpected Internet innovation insurances like "food insurance". These insurances with low premium and short guarantee period have attracted more and more online consumption: 0.9 yuan can insure "occasional minor injury insurance", the guarantee period is 1 to 3 months, and the accidental injury can be paid up to 2,000 yuan; There is also the "Xiong Haizi Insurance", which costs 8 yuan a whole year. Children under the age of 17 can get compensation for breaking shopping mall vases or school glass … …

　　It is not difficult to see that Internet insurance has expanded more application scenarios in traditional property insurance and personal insurance, such as "Wang Xingbao" to protect the medical expenses caused by pet injuries, "Mobile phone broken screen insurance" for "hand-sliding party" and "beautiful as a flower insurance" for plastic surgery accidents. Compared with traditional insurance, these Internet insurances developed based on specific scenarios meet the short-term personalized segmentation insurance needs of users.

　　Chen Jin, CEO of Zhongan Online Property Insurance Co., Ltd., said that the core of the Internet economy is customer demand-oriented, and so is the insurance market. It is these massive, small and fragmented insurance policies that greatly lower the threshold of insurance and cultivate new consumption habits of young people to buy insurance.

　　There are both convenience and risks.

　　Internet insurance innovation business is currently growing at a high speed. Statistics show that in 2017, the number of Internet insurance signs was 12.491 billion, an increase of 102.60%. Chen Jin believes that the power of science and technology has begun to reshape the product design, pricing, sales, claims and other links in the insurance value chain.

　　Taking product design as an example, Internet insurance companies have changed many risks from insurable to insurable through user data analysis. For example, relying on the user’s purchase history, return frequency and other data, provide online shopping return insurance; Provide flight delay insurance by analyzing data such as flight dynamics and weather conditions. "In the product pricing process, the combination of the Internet of Vehicles, drones, wearable devices and big data technology will help insurance companies better grasp the needs and risks of users and realize dynamic pricing. For example, in the field of auto insurance, ‘ can be realized according to the driving mileage, behavior habits, vehicle safety factor and other factors of the owner. One car for one price ’ 。” Chen Jin said, "The future of Internet insurance should be personalized, customized and intelligent."

　　It is worth noting that while Internet insurance brings convenience to consumers, there are also potential risks. Some "eye-catching" products launched by insurance institutions have some problems, such as nonstandard publicity content, inconsistent content or incomplete display of format terms on web pages, and unclear exemption clauses, which are suspected of misleading consumers. In addition, some online platforms hide "tying", and sell some insurance products by default checking on their ticketing and hotel reservation pages, without clearly listing the underwriting subject or agent sales subject, and failing to fully disclose relevant important information such as insurance product terms, which infringes on consumers’ rights and interests such as the right to know and the right to choose independently.

　　Supervision still needs to be strengthened.

　　Wang Yonghua, a visiting researcher at the Insurance Center of the Development Research Institute of Fudan University, said that some institutions, in the name of mutual assistance, are ostensibly insurance, but what they actually do is to raise funds. Some "exotic risks" may be controversial in claims because of their special scenes, and insurance companies may also try their best to expand sales, but ignore claims. "Consumers should not be impulsive before buying and should fully understand the products. It should be understood that buying insurance is to protect extreme risks, not to make a fortune. " Wang Yonghua said.

　　Xia Xuemin, a visiting researcher in institute for public policy, Zhejiang University, believes that many institutions have launched many so-called Internet insurance products, and some even directly violated the national regulatory rules on insurance. At the beginning of 2017, the relevant departments issued the Guidelines for the Development of Insurance Products of Property Insurance Companies, which for the first time refined the development principles and prohibitive provisions of insurance products of property insurance companies, and directed the supervision at the insurance products with hype concepts and gimmicky tendencies in the market, such as "sticker insurance", "love insurance" and "helping the elderly to be wrongly insured".

　　Xia Xuemin suggested that blacklists and integrity files of Internet insurance should be established, reporting channels should be opened, users should be encouraged to actively reflect suspicious institutions and products, and unqualified sales of Internet insurance should be exposed.

　　■ correlation

　　Seven "Xiong Haizi" in Jiangxi

　　Stop the high-speed rail with stones

　　Will pay 50 thousand losses

　　Seven students actually "forced" the high-speed rail with three stones! On May 3, the reporter learned from the railway department that due to the impact on railway safety, the high-speed train temporarily stopped for 41 minutes in this section. After the relevant departments determined the damage, seven students will bear 50,000 yuan in compensation.

　　The incident happened not long ago. Seven students from a middle school in Hukou climbed the Qujiang-Jiujiang Railway to play in the railway fence net, and placed three stones on the rails, which were crushed by the G1650 high-speed train passing through this section, causing the train brake device to be damaged, and temporarily stopped for 41 minutes in this section, which seriously affected the operation safety of the high-speed rail line. Seven student guardians will also pay compensation for the heavy economic losses caused by emergency parking of high-speed trains.

　　The railway department reminds that crossing the railway and playing on the railway not only threaten your life safety, but also cause hidden dangers to the moving train. "It takes at least three or four hundred meters for the moving train to stop from emergency braking." Therefore, it is not the emergency braking that will prevent the tragedy. Moreover, the emergency stop is also very harmful to the train itself, which may cause the train to get out of control and the safety of all passengers will be threatened.