This is the heart of China people."Land of Abundance"

　　For more than 2000 years, the city site has not moved and the city name has not changed.

　　"Jinguan City" and "Furong City"

　　It is a beautiful nickname given to her by years.

　　here isthe ancient sichuan civilizationAn important birthplace of

　　There are those who yearn for flying."Sun God Bird"

　　There are ancient "super projects"Dujiangyan irrigation system

　　There are extreme landscapes here.

　　summerThere is "everything in changxiajiang village is quiet"

　　winterThere is a "window with snow in Xiling"

　　This is a place where people can eat their fill."Food Capital of the World"

　　Hot pot, maocai, boiled fish.

　　here is"The happiest city"

　　Naive and naivepanda 　Waiting for your love

　　this isChengdu

　　"Bashide board"!(Chengdu dialect means "very comfortable")

　　△ Chengdu scenery

　　01

　　The most unique

　　Happiness in ChengduIt is "ancestral"

　　Chengdu, SichuanLocated in the west of Sichuan Basin and the hinterland of Chengdu Plain. Chengdu Plain is surrounded by mountains, protected by snow-capped mountains, and surrounded by Longmen Mountain and Longquan Mountain, forming a pattern of "two mountains with one original".

　　△ Longquan Mountain

　　The huge vertical height difference in Chengdu makes one-third of the city area plain, one-third hilly and one-third high mountain, which is rare in the world.Overlooking the 5,000-meter mountain.A city with a population of 10 million.

　　△ When the weather is clear, you can be in the same frame as many snow-capped mountains in Chengdu: Gongga Mountain, the "king of the hill of Shu" at an altitude of 7556 meters, Momei Peak of Siguniang Mountain at an altitude of 6250 meters, and the first peak in Chengdu at an altitude of 5353 meters.

　　Because the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has changed the pattern of water and heat, the Chengdu Plain is wet and rainy, making it a paradise suitable for human habitation.

　　△ Qingcheng Mountain and Siguniang Mountain Yaomei Peak are in the same frame.

　　The affluence of Chengdu Plain also benefits fromMin and Tuo RiversNourishing. When the glaciers on the snow-capped mountains melt and converge into streams, the river is wrapped with sediment and gravel, and it is deposited into a thick and open plain with dense water network in front of the mountain.

　　△ Chengdu Plain

　　The first highland to recede the flood gave birth to the dawn of civilization in Chengdu. Southwest of ChengduBaodun siteBe hailed asThe root of ancient Shu.

　　△ Baodun Site. 4500 years ago, a tribe migrated to Chengdu Plain and left traces of civilization here.

　　Later, Jinsha people in the hinterland of Chengdu Plain created a splendid dynasty, which is today’s.Jinsha siteThey use the totem of "the sun is negative" and use gold foil as thin as cicada wings to create a symbol of vitality.Sun Shen niao Jin Shi.

　　△ The four birds circle the sun with their tails, and they are endless.

　　△ The symbol of Chinese cultural heritage adopts the gold decorative pattern of Sun God Bird.

　　In Chengdu, the sign of "Sun God Bird" can be seen everywhere.

　　△ Dome of Chengdu Jinsha Site Museum Exhibition Hall

　　△ Tianfu junction

　　△ Copper Liren of Jinsha Site. The spiral hat ring on the head of the bronze stand is similar to the sun pattern of the "Sun God Bird", symbolizing the radiant sun.

　　"It takes one year to get together, two years to become a city, and three years to become Chengdu". About 2,300 years ago, the ancient Shu kingdom moved its capital, hence the name Chengdu. For more than 2,000 years, ChengduThe city site has not been moved, and the city name has not been changed.It is unique among the famous historical and cultural cities in China.

　　However, Chengdu still faces two major problems: the barrier of Qinling MountainRoad occlusion, the flood-ravaged Minjiang RiverFrequent floods.

　　Legend has it that King Hui of Qin defrauded King Shu of digging Jinniu Road, one of the original Shu roads, with five "Taurus". Since then, the gate of Shu has gradually opened, and the Chengdu Plain has moved from closed to open.

　　 　Dujiangyan irrigation system

　　Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County, shouldered a grand mission and built the "super project" at that time.Dujiangyan irrigation system.

　　The fish mouth, flying sand weir and treasure bottle mouth built by Li Bing and his son are ingeniously connected, like gold hoops, which lock the moody Minjiang River. Today, Dujiangyan has become one of the oldest, largest and most complete irrigation projects in the world.

　　△ After the Minjiang River enters the Chengdu Plain through the bottle mouth, it is divided into several rivers, which moistens a large area of the Chengdu Plain.

　　Chengdu people appreciate Li Bing’s merits and regard him as a protector, and Li Bing’s son is also interpreted as a famous Erlang God in the local area.

　　△ Fulongguan in Dujiangyan Erwang Temple

　　△ Yulei Pavilion in Yulei Mountain, Dujiangyan

　　At this point, the Shu Road is open, and the floods are flat. "Woye is thousands of miles away, and floods and droughts follow people. I don’t know hunger, and there is no famine. The world is called ‘ Tianfu ’ Also. " Rice, hemp, tea, well salt, etc. have become local products.Chengdu has gradually become one of the richest areas in China.By the Han Dynasty, Chengdu was second only to Chang ‘an.National metropolis.

　　△ Qingcheng Mountain, one of the four famous Taoist mountains in China, is surrounded by undulating peaks and lush trees, enjoying the reputation of "Qingcheng Mountain is quiet in the world".

　　Wen Weng, the capital of Shu in the Western Han Dynasty, promoted education and talents.buildThe earliest "official school" Wen Weng Shishi.

　　△ Wen Weng sent young officials to Chang ‘an to study as apprentices and returned as teachers.

　　The rap art, one of the origins of drama, can be seen in Shu County of Han Dynasty. At that time, Nuo You Bai Opera was very prominent. The drum-beating and rap figurines unearthed in Chengdu, one person indulged in interpretation and smiled, just like the Chengdu people who were optimistic, open-minded and bursting with happiness.

　　△ Drumming and rap figurines of the Eastern Han Dynasty were unearthed in 1957 in the Hanya Tomb in Tianhui, Chengdu, and are now in the National Museum of China.

　　 　Temple of Marquis

　　Before 1800, Wei, Shu and Wu stood in the balance, and Zhuge Liang, who was resourceful, managed Shu with Chengdu as the center. Walking into Wuhou Temple, you will be integrated into the world of heroes in Shu and Han dynasties, and a picture of the Three Kingdoms will slowly unfold.

　　△ red wall passageway

　　 　Sichuan brocade

　　In ancient Sichuan, mulberry planting and sericulture were extremely developed. The ancients also called silkworms "Shu", so Sichuan has them again."Shu"Or "the state of Can Cong".

　　Although Shu Han has the advantages of agriculture in Chengdu Plain, after all, its territory is narrow and its national strength is weak. Prime Minister Zhuge must find a new source of wealth for Shu Han, and a "first-class luxury" enters his field of vision — —"Jin".

　　△ Shu brocade, a national intangible cultural heritage, is loved by people for its gorgeous appearance and exquisite craftsmanship.

　　Sichuan Shujin, Suzhou Songjin, Nanjing Yunjin and Guangxi Zhuangjin are also called."Four Famous Brocades in China"Shu brocade ranks first.

　　△ The raw material of Shu brocade is precious silk, and the production process is complicated.

　　Being held in ChengduThe 31st Summer Universiade was adopted.Shu brocade weaving technology to make medal ribbons.

　　△ The main colors of the front and back of the ribbon are blue and red, respectively, which are blended with elements such as hibiscus flowers, sun birds and checkerboard, and reflect different colors under natural light.

　　During the Shu-Han period, the gorgeous brocade was exported to distant markets, and the Shu-Han government built a government workshop in Chengdu to manage the production of Shu-Jin — — "Jinguan City". Since then, Chengdu has gained a beautiful nickname."Jincheng" or "Jinguan City".

　　Nowadays, there are still many streets named after the word "Jin" in Chengdu, such as Shuangjin Road, Baijin Road, Shunjin Road and Wangjin Road … … The most famous is the place where the brocade workshop used to be located."Jinli".

　　△ Jinli Ancient Street. As a part of Wuhou Temple Museum, "Baiwuhou and Paojinli" has become a must-see project in Chengdu.

　　 　Sichuan embroidery

　　Shu embroidery, also known as "Sichuan embroidery", is as famous as Su embroidery, Xiang embroidery and Yue embroidery.One of the four famous embroideries in China., is a traditional process in China in which silk threads are used to embroider patterns on silk or other fabrics.

　　△ Shu embroidery. Shu embroidery has formed a unique charm with its bright and delicate colors and exquisite stitches.

　　△ Shu embroidery Sichuan opera mask

　　In addition to the weaving techniques of Shu embroidery and Shu brocade, Chengdu also has the production techniques of Chengdu Lacquer Art, Chengdu tanghua, Chengdu Yinhua Silk, the traditional brewing techniques of Shuijingfang Liquor, and the traditional production techniques of Pixian watercress, as well as Sichuan dulcimer, Sichuan Qingyin, Sichuan Money Board, Chengdu Taoist music, and Xiling folk songs in Dayi County.national intangible cultural heritage.

　　△ Chengdu lacquer art

　　△ Chengdu tanghua

　　"Chengdu, a city that you don’t want to leave when you come" is also applicable in Sui and Tang Dynasties. At that time, Chengdu, with a population second only to Chang ‘an, was a commercial city in the Yangtze River basin, with many shops and goods all over the world."Yang (Yangzhou) Yi Yi (Chengdu) Er"The statement.

　　After the Five Dynasties, Chengdu planted hibiscus all over the world, and once again got a beautiful nickname."Furong City" and "Rongcheng", referred to as "Rong".

　　△ Chengdu Flower Hibiscus

　　△ Jinjiang Night

　　 　Du Fu Thatched Cottage

　　In turbulent times, Chengdu became a "comfortable place". In order to avoid the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu took his family from Longyou to Sichuan, built a hut and lived there, saying“Caotang "Here, Du Fu lived for nearly four years, and more than 240 poems have been written so far.

　　△ Life in Chengdu is a rare quiet time for Du Fu and his family. The phrase "I live in Jinguan City" shows Du Fu’s sense of belonging to Chengdu.

　　During the Tang and Song Dynasties, iron money was used in Sichuan, which was inconvenient to carry in business. People used paper "Jiaozi" as a voucher for withdrawing money. Later, the court set up "Yizhou Jiaozi Affairs" to issue "Guanjiaozi" and becameThe world’s earliest original paper money.

　　△ The extension of the old version of Jiaozi in the Northern Song Dynasty. Jiaozi appeared more than 600 years before European paper money.

　　Chengdu people’s playful character dates back to ancient times.In the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu had"Huan flower tour.Jiang "It continued to flourish until the Song Dynasty, when people held banquets, went boating, swam the river and watched performances. The Song and Yuan Dynasties was the most prosperous period for Chengdu people’s recreational activities, which was known as the "Song and Yuan Dynasties"."Chengdu is the best place to enjoy the tour, and it is in West Shu.".

　　△ Chengdu Dongmen Wharf Jinjiang water non-legacy performance, shadow play, lion dance, waist drum, etc. are staged in turn.

　　In the late Yuan Dynasty, the early Ming Dynasty, the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty and the first half of the 20th century, new immigrants from Huguang and other places entered Chengdu on a large scale. New villages and towns have risen rapidly in Chengdu Plain, and Hakka people willtamped earth circular buildingIntroduced to Chengdu; According to the custom of the north, Manchu people set up hutong-like buildings.Kuanzhai laneson.

　　△ Chengdu Luodai Tulou, built with reference to Fujian Yongding Tulou, restores the spirit of Hakka Tulou.

　　△ Kuanzhai Lane

　　 　Sichuan opera

　　According to legend, as early as the Tang Dynasty, "Sichuan Opera" had the reputation of "Sichuan Opera is the best in the world", and "Sichuan Zaju" was born in the Song Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the five kinds of vocal art imported from other provinces, namely, Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera, Huqin Opera (Pihuang), Tanxi Opera and Sichuan Folk Lantern Opera, gradually formed a common style over time. In the late Qing Dynasty, they were collectively called "Sichuan Opera" and later renamed."Sichuan opera".

　　Sichuan opera has a variety of plays, humorous content, compact rhythm and climax, especially"changing face" and "spitting fire"The stunt is amazing.

　　 　shadow play

　　Sichuan local craftsmen absorb the local colors in Sichuan brocade, Sichuan embroidery, folk paper-cutting and printing and dyeing, makingSichuan shadow playFormed a unique artistic style, singing mainly borrowed from Sichuan Opera’s Five Loud Tunes, in addition to absorbing popular folk songs, minor tunes, Buddhist and Taoist music, which was eclectic and self-contained.

　　 　panda

　　The chubby, lumpy, and forever cute giant panda is irresistible.Giant Panda Breeding Research BaseIt is almost a must for every visitor to Chengdu.

　　Chengdu people make the lazy and delicate giant panda the "first IP" of wildlife in China, which makes the whole world fall for it.

　　△ Panda sculpture lying on the roof of IFS

　　△ "Self-portrait Panda" in Dujiangyan Water Culture Square

　　02

　　Enjoy the most

　　This is the most comfortable city.

　　Food is the most popular language in Chengdu.The land of abundance has given Chengdu the greatest confidence in eating and drinking, and the cold and humid basin climate has made Chengdu people never return to eat spicy food and hot pot.

　　 　cooked wheaten food

　　Chengdu people love to eat noodles early in the morning, and the bright red oil hides a heavy-mouthed and bold carbon bomb, which makes people can’t help but say: Can you still eat this for breakfast? When I first arrived in Chengdu, the classic pasta I had to taste wasDan Dan Noodles、Sweet water surfaceandSujiao miscellaneous sauce noodles. Among them, Dandan Noodles is the most famous, which is a typical representative of Chengdu pasta going out of Sichuan and towards the whole country.

　　△ Dandan Noodles

　　In order to eat more flavors, Chengdu people will buy a variety of noodles at a meal, such as miscellaneous sauce noodles, beef noodles, rabbit noodles, pork liver noodles, or even unique to Chengdu.Sweet water surface.

　　△ The entrance to the sweet water surface is slightly sweet and chewy, with the fragrance of peanuts and pepper, which is refreshing.

　　Leaving breakfast, on the streets of Chengdu today, the most delicious food you see is mainlychafing dish、Snack、Sichuan cuisineThree categories.

　　 　chafing dish

　　In Chengdu, you will often hear "Have a bite, it’s really not spicy". "Vegetables are three-thirds of the grain, peppers are clothes", and tens of thousands of hot pot stores in Chengdu will definitely make you find an organization that loves hot pot.

　　tea-seed oilPure rapeseed oil is selected at the bottom of the pot, which can absorb the fresh hemp of pepper and make people fall in love at first sight.

　　Different from the Jianghu atmosphere shown by Chongqing hot pot under the dock culture, Sichuan hot pot shows an inclusive and peaceful atmosphere in Chengdu, which is rich in products.

　　Whether it’s hairy belly, yellow throat, duck blood, goose intestines, crispy meat, brain flowers, fat cows, seafood and vegetables, they can all boil in one pot.

　　Oil dishThere are many ingredients, such as onion, coriander, millet, oyster sauce and garlic. It is also very common to eat oil dish+dry dish and double dish.

　　Even all over the streets of ChengduTake foodandSichuan cuisineIt is also a variant of hot pot.

　　△ maocai

　　△ hotpot

　　In Chengdu, some hot pot restaurants are not only restaurants, but also "one-stop service" for entertainment and life: there are noisy teahouses upstairs; There is even a Sichuan opera performance at the table, singing and playing, changing face and spitting fire.

　　 　Sichuan cuisine

　　Sichuan cuisine in Chengdu never disappoints people. Mapo tofu, kung pao chicken, husband and wife lung slices, Dongpo elbow, spicy chicken, saliva chicken … … People from all corners of the country can always find their favorite taste of Chengdu.

　　△ Husband and wife lung tablets

　　△ Braised trotters

　　△ Sichuan style pork

　　△ Mom’s hoof flower, Sichuan style pork

　　△ taro chicken

　　△ sausage

　　The famous Sichuan cuisine makes people never tire of eating it. Besides the natural combination of pepper and pepper, there is also a great hero, that is.pickled vegetables.

　　A jar of kimchi with the essence of heaven and earth can be branded as "very Sichuan" with only a small spoonful under the fermentation of time.

　　Pi County DoubanIt has the characteristics of strong spicy taste, bright red oil, large Chili pieces and sweet aftertaste. It is a common seasoning in Sichuan-style recipes, and its production techniques have been listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list.

　　△ Bean paste is known as the "soul of Sichuan cuisine"

　　 　Snack

　　Chengdu is a famous "snack paradise". Walking through the streets, you will meet Chengdu snacks head-on: Guo kui, ice powder, mala Tang … …

　　△ Chengdu snack booth

　　△ sugar oil fruit

　　△ Ye Erba

　　△ Guo kui

　　△ Sad bean jelly

　　△ Red Oil Dumplings

　　△ Three cannons

　　△ ice powder

　　△ Snacks Boji

　　 　teahouse

　　Teahouses, like hot pot, are Chengdu’s "food totems". Here, the teahouse embraces the fireworks in Chengdu, and you can enjoy the leisurely years, feel the boiling life and find the most extreme street life.

　　△ According to statistics, there are nearly 10,000 teahouses in Chengdu.

　　△ "Heming Tea House" in Chengdu People’s Park has a history of 100 years and is one of the most influential teahouses in Chengdu.

　　Exquisite Chengdu people will drink a bowl of tea, soak in green tea or scented tea, and sit in a dragon gate array for a day.

　　 　"Lie" culture

　　When you come to Chengdu, another key point is "lying down". If you don’t lie down enough, you will be laughed at for "not knowing how to enjoy life". As long as you walk on the streets of Chengdu once, you will find that there are always people lying in one place under the shade:Picking ears and pressing feet … …

　　△ Chengdu People’s Park was founded in 1911.

　　 　mahjong

　　Chengdu people prefer the stability and comfort of the plain, and playing mahjong in the water can only be invented by Chengdu people. When you put the water and set the mahjong table, you can fight from morning to night.

　　 　visit a garden or park

　　People in Chengdu have the custom of making tours in the New Year. In spring, lanterns and flowers are held, and tourists are weaving; Longquan Peach Blossom Club, Dujiangyan Qingming Water Festival, Pengzhou Peony Club and Xinjin Dragon Boat Club outside the city attract tourists from all directions.

　　△ Dujiangyan Water Festival

　　As a frequent visitor in the list of "livable cities", there are naturally many parks in Chengdu, such as People’s Park, wangjiang tower park, Guixi Ecological Park and Qinglong Lake Wetland Park, which jointly support the livable life of the city.

　　△ Nanhu Park

　　△ People’s Park has its own air-raid shelter. Every summer when it is hot, citizens hide in the cave to enjoy the cool. There are tables and chairs, televisions, exhaust fans and dehumidifiers in the cave.

　　△ Qinglong Lake is the largest wetland ecological park in the main city of Chengdu, a proper natural oxygen bar.

　　△ Xinglong Lake Wetland Park

　　△ wangjiang tower park

　　03

　　The softest

　　There are fireworks stories hidden in Chengdu dialect.

　　The charming Chengdu dialect is one of the most representative accents of Southwest Mandarin. In Chengdu, there is a spirit called"Xiongqi", there is a sleepy call."have a drink.", there is a way to call."Arrive and turn backwards", worry tricky call."MaoJiao hot.", whimsical call"think hard and think strange"The gentle Chengdu dialect tells the unique "salt and pepper flavor" of Chengdu people’s life.

　　Chengdu people like to sayReduplicationThis is really not cute.

　　. The essence of Chengdu dialect is vividly reflected in the delicious food: Dandan Noodles, dervish chicken, fish wagging, chicken feet, and a rattan dish and potato chips! "Boss, the string is finished, remember to sign it several times!"

　　Besides reduplication, Chengdu people also love to use it.rhotic accentTofu pudding, brain flower, waist flower and twist flower. The cherry in Chengdu is called "Enter". However, if someone calls you "Zanhua", it is not a compliment, but that you are too pushy. When you see dragonflies flying in the sky in summer, Chengdu people will say, "Tintin’s cat is so cute!" "

　　Click on the audio to listen to Chengdu dialect ↓

　　Do Chengdu people have a good day? Listen to me: come to a bowl of sweet water in the morning, and be comfortable; Eat a string of incense at noon; For dessert, it must be egg cake. Don’t be too busy to doze off! Cover a bowl of tea and walk! The dragon gate array is swinging! "Well, do you know, today I saw &hellip in Chunxi Road; … Hey, I don’t have sharp teeth. Do you want to eat hot pot at night? I just know a hot pot restaurant, and the taste is simply not put! "

　　[translation]

　　How comfortable can Chengdu people be in a day? Let me tell you: eating a bowl of sweet water in the morning is comfortable; Eat a string of incense at noon; For dessert, it must be an egg cake. Don’t take a nap yet! Let’s have a cup of tea and chat. "Hey, do you know, I saw &hellip on Chunxi Road today; … Haha, I don’t gossip. Let’s go to eat hot pot tonight? I just know a hot pot restaurant, which tastes absolutely delicious! "

　　04

　　Most energetic

　　The youthful Chengdu looks forward.

　　On the timetable of Chengdu people, leisure and entertainment are written in visible places, and hard work and ability are hidden in invisible places.Chengdu is quietly creating amazing moments.

　　In 2022, Chengdu’s GDP rose to 2.08 trillion yuan, ranking seventh in the country.

　　Today, Chengdu ranks 29th in the "Global Urban Innovation Index", with the scale of electronic information industry exceeding 1 trillion yuan, 11,400 high-tech enterprises, the number of China-Europe trains (Chengdu-Chongqing) ranking first in China, becoming the third city with "dual airports" in China, the number one physical bookstore in China, and the number one "the happiest city in China" for 14 consecutive years.

　　 　 　 point

　　Numerous great powers have witnessed Chengdu’s hard-core strength.Domestic large aircraftC919The cabin core control system, information system and airborne entertainment system are made in Chengdu.

　　Chengdu is the first in western China.National Supercomputing Center.

　　△ Chengdu Supercomputing Center, located in the West (Chengdu) Science City, has a maximum operation speed of 1 billion times per second.

　　Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research CenterStay in Chengdu Science City, which is the "super brain" of cosmic ray research in China.

　　After decades of development, Longquanyi is now an internationally renowned automobile city.

　　 　 　 beautiful

　　According to statistics, there are more than 1,500 parks in Chengdu, and the green coverage rate of the built-up area is 44.6%. In the past, Chengdu people went out to play, which was equal to shopping and pressing the road; Now, go out and see you in the park!

　　△ Tazishan Park

　　Tianfu greenwayThe total mileage has exceeded 6,500 kilometers. Running and cycling in Tianfu Greenway has become a popular sports mode for Chengdu people. This greenway connects cities, countryside, rivers and lakes and wetlands in series, just like the "green necklace" of the city.

　　Can you think of it? The greenway around the city will usher in traffic jams from time to time. Men, women and children ride bike-sharing, road bikes and folding bikes, take a ride on the ramp, touch the texture of the city and smell the fireworks.

　　△ Longquan Mountain Danjingtai Park

　　△ Longquan Mountain Park glass plank road

　　 　 　 moist

　　Chengdu is a "first-tier fashion city in China" and is praised by people."Chaodu".

　　Chengdu people who are full of energy when it comes to "playing" must play beautifully and trendy.Chunxilu business circleAbsorbed the biggest crowd in Chengdu from morning till night. In IFS area, whether it is day or night, fashionable urban men and women come and go holding a cup of milk tea or coffee.

　　existYulin communityYou can see that traditional mahjong is in harmony with the latest coffee shops, noisy mala Tang shops and quiet small bookstores.

　　As the most fashionable city in China, Chengdu’s science fiction, Hanfu, animation, electronic music and e-sports … … All kinds of grand events are full of flowers and are very lively.

　　The Science Fiction World Magazine, once founded in Chengdu, has unearthed a number of science fiction writers such as Liu Cixin. Today, many excellent films made in China, such as The Wandering Earth and Ne Zha, are produced in Chengdu.

　　 　 　 fast

　　In 2021, ChengduTianfu international airportNavigation, Chengdu entered the era of "double airports".

　　△ Chengdu Tianfu International Airport is the largest civil transport airport planned and constructed during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period; Previously, only Beijing and Shanghai had dual international airports, and Chengdu was the second city in China with dual 4F airports.

　　Electrified railway trunk lines such as Chengdu-Chongqing line, Baocheng line and Chengdu-Kunming line meet in Chengdu; Connecting two major citieschengdu chongqing high speed railwayOpen the Qinling natural barrier.Xicheng high-speed railWhen the high-speed railway is opened to traffic, Chengdu will extend in all directions.

　　In Chengdu, you can see the snow-capped mountains all the way along the 318 National Road, and the accessible road network overcomes the difficulties of the Shu Road, making Chengdu not only the ultimate destination for travel, but also an excellent transit point for enjoying the rivers and mountains.

　　△318 National Road in Ganzi, SichuanEighteen bends in the sky are winding.

　　Chengdu, once deeply inland and without the convenience of opening coastal cities, is now an important inland port in China, where more than 300 Fortune 500 companies have settled, and its "circle of friends" is spread all over the world.

　　Nowadays, this increasingly dazzling city is gradually moving from an international regional center to an international metropolis. Chengdu is opening its arms wider and attracting more people.

　　△ Bell Tower of West China Campus of Sichuan University

　　△ Chengdu High-tech Zone Financial City

　　Last night (July 28th), the 31st Summer Universiade opened in Chengdu. Young people from different countries met in Chengdu and lit their dreams in the stadium with the pattern of "Sun God Bird" on the top.

　　In nine days, 10% will be opened, and thousands of households will enter the painting. When antiquity collides with youth, this Millennium city will shine with a high-spirited future.

　　(Looking at the urban scenery of Chengdu from a horizontal perspective ↓ )

　　Have you ever been to Chengdu?

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　　Share your impression of Chengdu ~▌Source of this article: CCTV News WeChat WeChat official account (ID: CCTV News Center)

　　Review in the past

　　The province with the most complete topography in China is here.

　　Xi ‘an, it’s beautiful!

　　The city of good luck is here.

　　Hello, my name is Bayannao (nao) Er.

　　Neimenggu is too long, isn’t it?

　　Suzhou, quite lingga!

　　Jiangsu, strong!

　　I’m from Si (ǐ) Chuan (cuān) (ren).

　　Producer/Producer Li Zhe/Ma Wenjia

　　Written by/Yu Zijing

　　Reporter/Huang Wei Li Zhen dubbing/Gu Yunxuan

　　Picture sealing/Proofreading by Pan Yang/Gao Shaozhuo

　　Part of the material comes from litchi landscape (photography/Chen Rong, Ren Min), official website, Chengdu Municipal People’s Government, Tianfu Greenway, chinese national geography, authentic scenery, Jiuxing Travel, vision china, etc.

　　● With the popularity of the medical beauty industry, many young people are willing to pay for beauty. However, in order to seize the market and expand the passenger flow, some medical and aesthetic institutions wantonly sell appearance anxiety and age anxiety in their propaganda, advocating that "the earlier the anti-aging is, the better" and "anti-aging after the age of 18", which leads young people who are eager for beauty to blindly do medical beauty and ignore their real needs.

　　● Many medical advertisements promote "anti-senility" and "anti-senility should be early". Most products define "anti-senility" as 20 to 25 years old, and some even as low as 18 years old. Some advertisements define "senility" by some common and broad skin conditions, such as large pores, loose skin and crow’s feet.

　　● Some medical and beauty institutions offer "low price" and "ultra-low price" to let young people walk into beauty salons, but when they actually consume, they are induced by the store to add money to place an order. On the surface, merchants give profits to consumers, but in reality there may be hidden charges or offline sales promotion, etc., which will increase the unit price of customers and increase income.

　　● Consumers should choose regular medical and beauty institutions and refuse to follow suit blindly. The regulatory authorities should intensify efforts to crack down on the illegal provision of medical beauty services, pay close attention to key areas, strictly control medical beauty services in all directions, and publicize the phenomenon of spreading to minors and school students.

　　"All kinds of apps are pushing me medical beauty advertisements for anti-aging projects, claiming ‘ The sooner you resist aging, the better ’ 。” Lin Ya, a graduate student from a university in Haidian District, Beijing, recently told the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that she was still very young in her early twenties, but according to the advertisement of medical beauty, it was time to "resist aging and aging". Seeing too many such advertisements makes people feel anxious.

　　What Lin Ya spits out is the common phenomenon that the medical beauty anti-aging and anti-aging project "stares" at young people. The reporter’s investigation found that at present, many medical and beauty institutions are advertising: "It is a little late to resist senility at the age of 25, and people begin to age after the age of 18, and the earlier the anti-senility, the better." "From the age of 20, the collagen in the skin is decreasing at a rate of 1% every year, and the skin enters a stage of natural aging" … …

　　With the popularity of medical beauty industry, many young people are willing to pay for beauty. According to the Insight Report of China Medical Beauty Industry in 2023, the average age of the potential consumers of medical beauty interviewed is 28 years old, of which 75% are under 30 years old; Among people under the age of 25, 29% plan to increase medical expenses or try more projects in 2023. In this context, many businesses focus on young people. However, in order to seize the market and expand the passenger flow, some medical and beauty institutions wantonly sell appearance anxiety and age anxiety in their propaganda, advocating that "the earlier the anti-aging is, the better" and "anti-aging after the age of 18", which leads young people who are eager for beauty to blindly do medical beauty and ignore their real needs.

　　What propaganda methods are used by medical and beauty institutions that "stare" at young people? Is it reasonable to attract consumers with appearance anxiety and age anxiety? Are there any problems with advertising words such as "anti-aging as early as possible" strongly declared by institutions? The reporter conducted an investigation and interview on this.

　　Linking age with medical beauty

　　Claim that the earlier the anti-aging is, the better.

　　"The medical beauty project is very popular recently, and the advertisement suggests that the age of anti-aging is around 25 years old." After seeing such advertisements many times, Zhao Ting, a 24-year-old from Xicheng, Beijing, was deeply impressed. She immediately chose a "reliable-looking" medical and beauty institution on an online shopping software, and telephoned two beauty consultants in the store.

　　Two beauty consultants recommended different anti-aging projects to Zhao Ting, one recommended Gemaji (cost over 10,000 yuan) and the other recommended ultrasonic gun (cost several thousand yuan), and both suggested that she come to the store early.

　　"During the face-to-face consultation, the clerk said that my face was fleshy, suitable for firming the skin with ultrasonic cannons, and it also had the effect of dissolving fat, and this project ‘ It can show 20% effect on the spot, and the effect will get better and better, reaching the best after one month ’ 。” Zhao Ting recalled that the clerk repeatedly stressed that people will get old after the age of 18, so the sooner they resist aging, the better. If they resist aging at the age of 20, they will look similar to those at the age of 30.

　　Under the attack of the clerk’s left sentence "Your face will age quickly if it doesn’t resist aging in time" and the right sentence "Ultrasonic cannon is the most cost-effective for you", Zhao Ting immediately spent several thousand yuan to make an ultrasonic cannon. However, after finishing the ultrasonic cannon, she felt that her face had not changed, but her face had been hurting for almost half a month. Now, pressing the top of the mandibular margin still has obvious pain.

　　Recalling that time, Zhao Ting bluntly said that he was fooled by the clerk, not only believed in the concept of "anti-aging while young", but also planned to be an ultrasonic cannon and even hot Maggie for a long time, and even began to plan anti-aging after the age of 30. "The clerk said that it is not enough to do photoelectric projects after the age of 30. Surgery and some injection projects are recommended. Calm down and think about it. The so-called medical beauty and anti-aging make people seem to fall into a bottomless pit. "

　　Recently, the reporter consulted several medical and beauty institutions about "what projects can keep skin white and tender in the early 20 s", and many institutions recommended anti-aging projects: some recommended hot Maggie; Some recommend ultrasonic cannons and say that "this one is the hottest"; Only one told the reporter that "in the early twenties, there is no need to do medical beauty anti-aging projects for the time being, and it is recommended to do skin care at ordinary times." "In terms of medical beauty, we can consider doing some basic skin rejuvenation and injection hydration projects, and then anti-aging after four or five years."

　　The reporter searched some medical beauty advertisements and found that there are many advertisements promoting "anti-senility" and "anti-senility should be early". Most products define "anti-senility" as 20 to 25 years old, and some even as low as 18 years old. Some advertisements said that "although it is suggested to fight against senility at the age of 25, there is no clear division in medicine", and then "senility" is defined by some common and broad skin conditions: "If you have the following situations, you can put anti-senility on the agenda: when you are plain, your facial pores are thick, dry and dull; Collagen loss, skin feels loose and inelastic; When making larger expressions, there are crow’s feet, head-lifting lines, brow lines and so on. "

　　Many interviewees think that there is a problem with this kind of publicity. "Listed these symptoms, ordinary people basically have, even if not, under this hint, will also feel that they have. When you are in your twenties, you will take big projects to fight against aging. What should you do when you are 30 or 40? If you have dark circles, you should go to bed early, eat healthily and adjust your life, instead of playing ‘ Panda needle ’ (a medical beauty project to solve the dull pigment around the eyes and the filling around the eyes) and do various anti-aging projects around the eyes. " Ms. Wang from Jinan, Shandong Province said.

　　"It is not advisable for young people in their twenties to resist aging excessively. Human aging is determined by telomeres, and there is no aging problem in themselves when they are young. At present, some young people’s anti-aging is mainly caused by the flicker of medical and aesthetic institutions, which leads to anxiety. Excessive anti-aging will have an adverse impact on the body and is also a waste of resources. " Ms. Zhang, the chief physician of the Department of Internal Medicine of a 3A hospital in Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, said.

　　Attracting young customers at low prices

　　Multiple words attract orders.

　　The reporter found that in addition to inducing young people to consume with "anti-aging, the sooner the better", there are also some medical and beauty institutions that play "low price" and "ultra-low price" to attract young people into beauty salons.

　　Not long ago, the reporter saw in a medical beauty hospital in Chaoyang District, Beijing that due to various low-priced promotional activities launched during the "double 11" period, customers came to write off in an endless stream. This store is not small in scale, but because of too many people, 20 chairs have been temporarily placed in the lobby of the store. Customers wait in the lobby first, wait for their names and numbers, and then go to another room to confirm the consumption package with the clerk.

　　Zhang Yun, 25, is one of them. "I saw the promotion activities of this medical and beauty institution on social software, and the price was very attractive. Seven or eight projects added up to 99 yuan, with an average of only a dozen yuan each. I paid according to the instructions and went to the store for verification on the first day." Zhang Wei told reporters.

　　After waiting in the lobby for nearly half an hour, Zhang Yun was finally called to write off, but the write-off was only the "beginning". "The clerk gave me a preferential price list and said that I would write off the package today and these ‘ Powerful offer ’ I am advised not to miss it. Then I began to guide me to read various items on the preferential price list. " Zhang Yun said, "I have been recommended for many projects. Because I have never done a medical beauty project before, all kinds of unfamiliar terms give me a headache. The clerk stared at my face, and her burning eyes made my heart beat faster. She asked me my age. After I told her that I was 25, she immediately gave me a surprised look and said ‘ Did you first come into contact with medical beauty at the age of 25 ’ He also said that he is a few years older than me, but because of the medical beauty project, his skin condition is much better. I felt anxious at once. "

　　Zhang Yun said that because her skin belongs to sensitive muscles, she once thought that she was not suitable for medical beauty projects. This time, she only wanted to "bonus hunter". In the end, the wool didn’t ripen, but contributed business. "I want to write off 99 yuan’s card first, and then go home and ask my friends before deciding whether to buy more. However, the clerk told me that there is only one discount opportunity, and the price on the discount price list can only be enjoyed in the store on the spot. ‘ This price is a sincere discount. It’s a pity to miss it. It may take another year ’ ‘ These are all suitable for sensitive muscles, and it’s not too late for you to start now ’ . In the end, I spent more than 3,000 yuan on two projects. "

　　"Low-priced promotions attract mostly young people who have never been exposed to medical beauty programs, such as the Student Party. Looking around, 80% of the girls on that day looked almost as big as me, even younger than me. Some young people don’t have much balance and have to pay by credit card. " Zhang Wei said.

　　Zhang Yun’s experience is not a case. Recently, the reporter searched for keywords such as "medical beauty", "low price" and "selling anxiety" on social platforms and third-party complaint platforms, and found that many young people were attracted by low-priced medical beauty projects, but they were actually induced by the store to add money to place orders with multiple words. For example, a consumer complained that the store released a low-priced package on a shopping platform and used the group purchase link to "fish". The consumer was attracted by the low price displayed by the store on the platform. After arriving at the store, the supervisor said that "there is no beautician who can provide services for the time being", but he did not provide the services purchased by the consumer, but promoted various other medical and aesthetic projects to him.

　　"The starting price for card recharge is 5,000 yuan. The store told me that the card is cost-effective on the same day, which can offset the consumption of 1,080 yuan on the same day and give extra items. If I choose not to apply for a card, I can’t enjoy the preferential price and can only pay the bill at the original price. In the end, my mind was hot and I got a card under the guidance. " The consumer said, "I regret it now. Merchants attract consumers by means of low-cost drainage, and then induce me to recharge."

　　"After medical and beauty institutions attract consumers at low prices, the behavior of asking for more money and raising orders in disguise is suspected of fraud, false propaganda, and infringement of consumers’ right to know. On the surface, they give profits to consumers. In fact, there may be hidden charges or offline sales promotion, etc., to increase customer unit prices and increase income." Zheng Zhongchen, senior partner of Beijing Lutong Law Firm, said.

　　Strong supervision and good qualification

　　Rectify the chaos of medical and beauty advertisements

　　Are the related slogans such as "Young and Anti-aging" reasonable?

　　Fang Zinan, a lawyer of Guangdong Global Jingwei Law Firm, believes that similar slogans such as "25-year-old anti-aging" involve the guiding issue of advertising. Medical and beauty businesses can certainly provide services for young customers, but it is suggested to start with more positive publicity and use the method of making concept impact carefully. "Advocating anti-aging from the age of 25 or even younger, or even artificial invention ‘ Old age ’ The concept of "beauty" is inevitably suspected of creating appearance anxiety, which is contrary to the value orientation contained in the advertising law and the Law Enforcement Guide for Medical Beauty Advertising. "

　　He told reporters that the use of the concept of "anti-aging" itself is also very easy to be identified as false propaganda or false advertising and other illegal situations. According to the Law Enforcement Guide of Medical Beauty Advertisements issued by the State Administration of Market Supervision, medical beauty advertisements cannot guarantee or promise its diagnosis and treatment effect in the form of advertisements. The promotion of "anti-aging" without explanation is easy to be understood as drawing an equal sign between the project implementation and the established effect, which is already illegal. In fact, even if there is a way to slow down or even eliminate some appearance features caused by aging through medical beauty projects, this therapeutic effect can be accurately described by diluting fine lines, freckle and other concepts, which are still two different concepts from promoting "anti-aging".

　　"Oral publicity in the offline business premises of staff should be understood as a part of sales activities, which does not exist independently of sales activities, and belongs to the category of commercial publicity, which is regulated by the anti-unfair competition law and the consumer protection law rather than the advertising law." Fang Zinan said that both publicity and advertising should strictly prevent overstepping the boundaries between false publicity and advertising, and consciously safeguard good social morality and avoid harming consumers’ interests. Taking "anti-aging after the age of 18" as an example, young consumers who advocate that most of their economies are not yet independent, their thoughts are not fully mature, and they are still on campus need to fight aging early, which is suspected of misleading consumers and objectively poses the risk of unfair competition behavior of false propaganda.

　　So what should consumers pay attention to before doing medical beauty projects?

　　Zheng Zhongchen suggested that consumers should choose regular medical and beauty institutions, refuse to blindly follow the trend, and be vigilant and discerning about advertisements of top medical and beauty institutions searched on the Internet, "notes on planting grass" of medical beauty seen on short video platforms or "successful cases" shared by netizens on social platforms.

　　Fang Zinan believes that consumers should grasp several principles when carrying out medical beauty projects: do what they can, and don’t spend ahead of time; Understanding medical beauty is only a personalized choice based on personal aesthetics, and it is not affected by the appearance anxiety of deliberate marketing; When personal cognitive ability is not yet mature and the development path is still uncertain, medical beauty projects should be carefully purchased; Safety first, refuse to carry out medical and aesthetic projects in unqualified private institutions, do not use any unknown drugs and projects that have not been filed in China, and projects involving subcutaneous injection and knife operation should be carried out in hospitals with qualified medical qualifications.

　　"The market supervision department should do a good job in the registration management service of business entities, strengthen the qualification examination, and strengthen ‘ Certificate ’ ‘ Photo ’ Information sharing, vigorously promote coordinated supervision by departments, increase law enforcement, rectify all kinds of medical beauty advertisements in accordance with the law, and focus on cracking down on problems that are harmful and concentrated by the masses. " Zheng Zhongchen said.

　　Fang Yinan also mentioned that in view of the phenomenon that the medical and beauty industry "excessively" supports and even encourages young people to treat beauty, the regulatory authorities can start work in the following aspects: intensify efforts to crack down on illegal provision of medical and beauty services, and severely investigate and punish individuals and institutions that provide services without qualification, provide services beyond the scope, and use unapproved drugs or operations without authorization; In view of the proliferation of medical beauty marketing information on the Internet, more detailed regulatory policies should be formulated to provide institutional tools for distinguishing legitimate propaganda from illegal advertising; Strictly control the chaos of Internet V in publishing advertisements of medical beauty in disguise, creating appearance anxiety and providing intermediary services of medical beauty through "personal experience", "female growth" and "health care experience"; Grasp the key areas, strictly control the spread of medical and aesthetic services and publicity to minors and school students in all directions.

　　(In the text, Lin Ya, Zhao Ting and Zhang Wei are pseudonyms)　　

　　□ Our trainee reporter Ding Yi

　　□ Our reporter Wen Lijuan　

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-Speech at the 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Work Conference of the State Language Commission.

　　Vice Minister of Education and Director of the State Language Committee　　 Zhao qinping

　　(28 November 2006)

Dear experts and comrades,

　　The 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Conference of the State Language Commission was held here today to summarize the scientific research work of the State Language Commission and local language commissions during the 10th Five-Year Plan, discuss the 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan for the application of spoken and written languages, and study and deploy the scientific research work of the language commission system. At the same time, the 43rd national Putonghua proficiency tester qualification examination training course started here today. Putonghua training test is one of the three basic measures to promote Putonghua, which has made remarkable achievements in the past ten years. I would also like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the vast number of testers, experts and scholars who participated in testing research and comrades in various regions and industries who care about and support this cause!

　　Below I will talk about three aspects of the scientific research work on the application of language and characters in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.

　　Building a harmonious language life is the goal of language work.

　　On October 11th, 2006, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) adopted the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues in Building a Harmonious Socialist Society. The "Decision" holds that: "Social harmony is the essential attribute of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guarantee for the country’s prosperity, national rejuvenation and people’s happiness." "Social harmony is the unremitting goal of our party."

　　Language is the most important symbol system for human communication and thinking, an important part of culture and the most important cultural carrier. The attribute of language determines that language life is an important part of social life, and the harmony of language life is an important manifestation of social harmony and an important factor to promote social harmony. To build a harmonious society, language and writing workers have an important historical mission.

　　At present, China’s language life is harmonious on the whole, but there are also many problems that need to be treated scientifically and properly. For example:

　　1. The relationship between Mandarin and dialects;

　　2. The relationship between the languages of all ethnic groups in China;

　　3. The relationship between mother tongue education and foreign language learning;

　　4. Protection of endangered languages;

　　5. The relationship between the international spread of Chinese and the domestic language and writing work;

　　6. The communication of language life between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait;

　　7. Language communication among Chinese communities in the world;

　　8. Language and writing problems in virtual space in China.

　　To treat the problems in current language life scientifically and properly, we must understand the national conditions of the language. It is necessary to monitor and study the situation of language life, especially the hot issues of language life, and make a scientific analysis by setting up a national language resource monitoring and research center. It is necessary to advocate a pragmatic style of study, support the field investigation of local languages, and support the investigation and study of language life in all fields of society. We should pay attention to summing up the historical achievements of language and writing work in China, draw lessons from foreign experience reasonably, and be good at summing up the laws from today’s work practice. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of the national language policy and language standards, attach importance to the popularization of linguistic scientific achievements, actively provide high-quality language services to the society, help all sectors of society and the general public solve the language problems they encounter, and guide the language life to develop in a harmonious direction.　

　　Second, language science is the basis for doing a good job in language and writing.

　　The development of language and writing is regular, and the work of language and writing must follow the development law of language and writing. Language life is constantly developing and changing, and language work must grasp the basic situation and development trend of language life.

　　Great achievements have been made in the language and writing work in New China for more than 50 years, which has made important contributions to China’s cultural construction, scientific and educational development and economic and social progress, and also provided a solid foundation for today’s national informatization process. At the end of March this year, the meeting held by the Ministry of Education and the State Language Committee to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the publication of the State Council’s Resolution on the Simplification of Chinese Characters and the Instruction on Promoting Putonghua, and the academic seminar on the standardization of language and characters jointly held by the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Language Application of the Ministry of Education have made a good summary. Of course, there have been some mistakes in the work of language and writing in history, leaving a profound lesson. Historical practice shows that the effectiveness of language work depends on the understanding of the law of language development and the understanding of language life and its development trend. Therefore, in order to do a good job in language and writing, we must strengthen the research of language science.

　　In language science, basic research is very important, and the application research of language and writing plays a more direct role in the work of national language and writing. The basic research needs to be strengthened, but the applied research of language and writing develops late, with less achievements, which needs to be strengthened more. We should strive to form a relatively complete discipline system and education system of applied linguistics within a few years, establish a number of dynamic scientific research bases and talent training bases of applied linguistics, and cultivate a large number of applied linguistics talents with modern academic vision, innovative consciousness and compound nature to meet the needs of the country for applied linguistics. The discipline construction of applied linguistics should be put on the agenda, and a seminar on the discipline construction of applied linguistics can be held when necessary. The discipline construction of applied linguistics is more extensive than the scientific research of applied linguistics, including the construction of bases, the determination of research directions, the construction of teaching staff and the setting of degrees. From the perspective of scientific research, discipline construction emphasizes the research direction; From the perspective of personnel training, it emphasizes knowledge structure and curriculum system.

　　The country pays more and more attention to the interdisciplinary research between natural science and humanities. Applied linguistics is an applied discipline, especially with information technology, and also involves psychology, law, education and so on. In the past, the key laboratories of the Ministry of Education paid little attention to interdisciplinary subjects, especially those lacking the intersection of natural science and social science. In recent years, the country has begun to promote interdisciplinary subjects, especially the combination of natural science and social science, such as new media and digital art. Applied linguistics, especially computational linguistics, is a typical combination of information technology and linguistics. We should establish some bases in these areas, and these bases can become key laboratories of the Ministry of Education to a certain extent. I hope to see such key laboratories during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. The knowledge structure of applied linguistics talents should have at least three aspects: linguistic knowledge, interdisciplinary knowledge (such as information technology) and related cultural qualities.

　　Informatization is a subject that all countries in the world are very concerned about. Standardization and informatization of language and characters are the basis of realizing social informatization. It is important to promote the standardization and informatization of language and writing as an important task of applied linguistics research and as an important task of national language and writing work. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the introduction of modern information technology achievements into language research, into the application of social language and writing, and into the work of language and writing, so as to realize the modernization of language research means and language and writing work means.

　　 It is necessary to strengthen the research on the evaluation system of language and characters. The Putonghua training test in China has been carried out for more than ten years and has made great achievements. The proficiency test of Chinese characters is about to begin, and I believe it will also play a good social role. The Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK) for Chinese as a second language and the Chinese Proficiency Test (MSK) for ethnic minorities have been implemented successively, which has achieved good social reputation. However, we still lack the language proficiency assessment system of Chinese as the mother tongue. On the one hand, it is necessary to gradually improve the current Putonghua proficiency test and writing application ability test, and gradually adopt modern means to improve the quality and efficiency of testing and management; At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the evaluation system of language application in some important countries in the world, and strive to complete the comprehensive evaluation system of Chinese native speakers’ language ability in recent years in order to meet the needs of mother tongue education in schools at all levels and meet the needs of social industry access system and on-the-job training. This evaluation system, in cooperation with HSK and MSK, can form a complete Chinese proficiency test system in China.

　　Promoting scientific research is an important task for language committees at all levels.

　　Language and writing work is social, contemporary and academic. Especially in the current society, language concepts are diversified and language life is complicated. Language and writing management is always facing new situations and solving new problems. Therefore, it is necessary to have a solid scientific research as the foundation and a large number of experts as the backing to do a good job and improve the quality and efficiency of the work. Promoting the study of language science is an important task of language committees at all levels.

　　There are many departments concerned about language science research, and there are also many foundations involved in language research. In close contact with these departments and foundations, the State Language Committee should also formulate its own scientific research plan, set up scientific research teams and guide and coordinate the scientific research work of local language committees according to the work functions entrusted by the state. Apply for projects through multiple channels and strive for project funds. Because applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary subject, evaluation system and software construction can all apply for project funds from the science and technology department.

　　Local language and writing institutions should scientifically plan their local scientific research work, have the initiative to coordinate the local language and writing research work, and play an important role in the local language and writing research work. Local language committees should put scientific research on the agenda, incorporate it into the relevant work evaluation index system, implement the responsibility of scientific research management to people, and gradually form an incentive mechanism for language research. It is necessary to formulate scientific research plans according to local conditions, scientifically solve problems in local language life through academic research, and make contributions to the national language and writing research work. We should pay attention to the role of local universities and academic groups and rely on experts and scholars closely. It is necessary to give full play to subjective initiative, raise funds for scientific research in various ways, and comprehensively use traditional means and modern information technology to do a good job in publicizing and popularizing language policies and language norms and standards. Scientific research should be regarded as a new bright spot in the work of the Language Committee in the new period, so that the quality and management level of language and writing work in various places can be effectively improved through scientific research.

　　Comrades, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, with the efforts of national language researchers and language committees at all levels, China’s language application research has achieved fruitful results, and remarkable progress has been made in the development of language standards, information-processing-oriented language application research, tracking and monitoring of social language life, and modernization of research methods and information service means. A new situation has emerged in the national and local language and writing work, and new achievements and measures have been made in the legal construction of language and writing work, the evaluation of urban language and writing, the promotion of Putonghua, and the construction of language and writing training and evaluation system. On this basis, China’s future language and writing work, China’s future language and writing scientific research work, will certainly achieve greater results.

　　We should strive to promote the harmony of language life and contribute to the sustainable development of the country, the construction of an innovative country and the construction of a harmonious society!

　　Thank you!　

　　"The power of culture, or what we call the cultural soft power that constitutes comprehensive competitiveness, is always ‘ Moisturize things silently ’ Integrate into economic, political and social forces. " On August 12, 2005, the supreme leader, then secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, wrote such a passage in the column of Zhijiang Xinyu in Zhejiang Daily.

　　Culture is related to the country’s foundation and national luck. The prosperity of a country and a nation is always supported by cultural prosperity.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has placed propaganda and ideological and cultural work in an important position in governing the country, promoted historic achievements in propaganda and ideological and cultural undertakings in the new era, and the situation in the ideological field has undergone an overall and fundamental change. The cultural self-confidence of the people of all ethnic groups in the whole party and the whole country has been significantly enhanced, and their mental outlook has become more energetic.

　　October 7-8, 2023, an important meeting — — The national conference on propaganda, ideological and cultural work was held in Beijing. The most important achievement of the meeting was to put forward the cultural thought of the supreme leader for the first time.

　　What can we learn from the cultural thoughts of the supreme leader in today’s construction of a socialist cultural power? "Micro-observation of current politics" is for you to interpret.

　　The power of truth

　　"It is the only way to open up and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics on the deep foundation of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years, and to combine the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture."

　　A few months ago, at the forum on cultural inheritance and development, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly explained the great significance of "two combinations" and pointed out that "‘ Two combinations ’ It is the greatest magic weapon for our success. "

　　The road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics came out under the guidance of Marxism, and it also came out from the history of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years. "Two combinations" means not only mastering the basic principles and application conditions of Marxism, but also knowing the reality of China and Chinese excellent traditional culture clearly and using it freely.

On June 1st, 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited China National Edition Pavilion before attending the symposium on cultural inheritance and development.

　　"If there is no Chinese civilization for five thousand years, what are the characteristics of China? If it is not the characteristics of China, how can we have such a successful Socialism with Chinese characteristics road today? " On March 22, 2021, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader’s speech at Zhu Xi Garden in Wuyishan, Fujian revealed that "strengthening cultural self-confidence is a major issue related to the rise and fall of the national movement, cultural security and national spiritual independence".

　　Cultural self-confidence, repeatedly emphasized by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, has been placed at an unprecedented height. Focusing on doing a good job in propaganda, ideological and cultural work in the new era, the general secretary clearly put forward a series of major innovation theories — —

　　Put forward firm cultural self-confidence and rank it with road self-confidence, theoretical self-confidence and institutional self-confidence as Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s "four self-confidences"; Incorporate upholding the socialist core value system into the basic strategy of upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era; Focus on the new situation, new tasks and new requirements, and clearly publicize the mission and tasks of ideological and cultural work, such as "raising flags, gathering people’s hearts, educating new people, rejuvenating culture, and displaying image".

　　Hong Xianghua, a professor at the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National School of Administration), said in an interview with Current Affairs Micro-observation that the cultural thought of the Supreme Leader not only absorbed the essence of Marxist theory, but also fully utilized and inherited the valuable resources of Chinese excellent traditional culture and made it grow continuously, which constituted the cultural chapter of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era.

　　The formation of the supreme leader’s cultural thought marks that our party’s understanding of the law of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cultural construction has reached a new height, indicating that our party’s historical self-confidence and cultural self-confidence have reached a new height, and it has shown great power in China’s socialist cultural construction.

　　The power of practice

　　At the symposium on cultural inheritance and development, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward clear requirements for better shouldering the new cultural mission: strengthening cultural self-confidence, upholding openness and tolerance, and persisting in integrity and innovation.

　　In this important instruction on propaganda and ideological and cultural work, the General Secretary once again emphasized this requirement and put forward "seven efforts" on how to show the new atmosphere and new achievements in propaganda and ideological and cultural work in the new era and new journey.

　　Propaganda and ideological and cultural work is related to the future and destiny of the party, the long-term stability of the country, and the national cohesion and centripetal force.

　　From August 2018, the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideological Work summarized the regular understanding of propaganda and ideological work with "nine persistences", to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China focusing on the deployment of cultural construction from five aspects, and then to the important requirement of "seven efforts" … … A series of important instructions made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary for propaganda and ideological and cultural work have both epistemology and methodology, both overall guidance at the macro level and practical paths at the specific level.

　　At the just-concluded Hangzhou Asian Games, from the mascot "Jiang Nanyi", the emblem "Tide" and the medal "Lake Mountain" to the Asian Games venues full of charm in the south of the Yangtze River, from the intangible experience of the "cultural hut" in the Asian Games Village to the cumulative launch of 30 urban collection routes … … The traditional cultural heritage gathers into "Chinese romance", which conveys the cultural self-confidence and the connotation of the times of a great country.

　　Through Beijing Winter Olympics, China-Africa Cooperation Forum, Shanghai China International Import Expo(CIIE), Asian Civilization Dialogue Conference … … An everlasting and ever-changing China is presented to the world.

On October 8, 2023, the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou closed.

　　Practice fully shows that the cultural thoughts of the Supreme Leader not only have innovations and breakthroughs in cultural theory, but also have the deployment requirements of cultural work layout, which is clear and practical, and provides a powerful ideological weapon and scientific action guide for doing a good job in publicizing ideological and cultural work in the new era and new journey and shouldering new cultural missions.

　　The National Conference on Propaganda, Ideological and Cultural Work also pointed out that the cultural thought of the Supreme Leader is a continuous and open ideological system, which will be enriched and developed with the deepening of practice.

　　Professor Hong Xianghua believes that "the continuous and open ideological system" embodies the practicality of Marxist epistemology. With the development of the times and the deepening of practice, the cultural thought of the supreme leader will continue to develop and deepen, and make a correct answer in line with China’s reality and the requirements of the times, draw a scientific understanding in line with objective laws, form theoretical achievements that keep pace with the times, and then better guide China’s practice.

　　The power of personality

　　"Chinese culture is profound and profound, and I am also a passionate advocate and loyal learner of Chinese culture."

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attaches great importance to Chinese excellent traditional culture and regards it as "the root and soul of the Chinese nation". Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the "cultural footprint" of the General Secretary has spread all over the country, inspecting cultural heritage and exploring the roots of civilization.

On October 28th, 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited the Yinxu Museum in Anyang City, Henan Province.

　　In October 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to the ruins of Yinxu in Anyang, Henan. Stepping into the Yin Ruins Museum and observing bronzes, jade articles, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other cultural relics, the general secretary pointed out the profound meaning of this trip: "I have been longing for Yin Ruins for a long time, and this time I want to learn more about Chinese civilization, make the past serve the present, and provide reference for better building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation."

　　Investigating Pingyao Ancient City, a world cultural heritage, stressed the need to "protect the precious wealth left by our predecessors"; Investigate China National Edition Museum and China Historical Research Institute, and draw wisdom for the future from thinking about history … …

Fujian Nanping Wuyishan Zhuxiyuan

　　At Zhuxi Garden in Wuyishan, Fujian Province, in front of the wall printed with Zhu Xi’s famous sentence "The country is based on the people and the country stands for the people", the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stopped for a long time. He quoted this old saying many times to answer the fundamental proposition of "for whom".

　　He led us to build a well-off society in an all-round way for the sake of "there are thousands of buildings, which are a great shelter for all the poor people in the world"; In order to "have a good old age, be strong and useful, have a good young age, and care for those who are lonely and sick," he promoted reform so that the fruits of development could benefit all the people; Because "those who serve the law are strong, the country is strong, and those who serve the law are weak, the country is weak", he proposed to govern the country in an all-round way according to law; Because "weeding out one harm makes many seedlings grow, and punishing one evil makes all people happy", he called for the comprehensive and strict administration of the party … …

　　"Since I was ordered, I have been sighing at night, fearing that the entrustment will not work." He once quoted Zhuge Liang’s model to express his feelings.

　　"5,000 years of history is the source of our cultural confidence. Having a clear understanding of 5000 years, we will naturally form national pride and national self-esteem. The so-called ‘ Self-effacing with poetic spirit ’ The foundation and confidence of cultural self-confidence are also formed in this way. Only by understanding the history of humiliation of the Chinese nation after the Opium War can we have a deeper understanding of the strong desire of the people of China for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. " In December 2019, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Macao’s return to the motherland, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader came to Haojiang Middle School to talk with his classmates about the past and the present.

　　Looking back and looking forward, culture is like a link, connecting the past and the future, inheriting a long history and civilization and simple realistic struggle.

　　From the cultural thought of the supreme leader, we not only realized the significance of strengthening cultural construction, but also felt the personality strength of the leaders of great powers. As many years ago, the Supreme Leader wrote in an introduction:

　　"Today, we are stepping on the river from history and are expected by one side of the people. We should take on the mission and make sincere dedication, so that our culture will continue and our creation will continue."

On September 23rd, 2023, Chairman and his wife Peng Liyuan of the Supreme Leader took a group photo with the international guests attending the opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.

　　Thought keeps pace with the times, and culture is passed down from generation to generation.

　　The supreme leader’s economic thought, rule of law thought, ecological civilization thought, military strengthening thought, diplomatic thought and cultural thought … … The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is constantly enriched and developed in practice, illuminating the way forward for national rejuvenation.

　　On the new journey, we deeply understand the decisive significance of "two establishment", strengthen "four consciousnesses", strengthen "four self-confidences", achieve "two maintenance", and unswervingly follow our own path. Our cause has an incomparably broad stage of the times, an incomparably profound historical background and an incomparably strong determination to advance.

　　Producer: Geng Zhimin

　　Producer Xing Lai

　　Writing: Ning Li Li Yang Caiyun

　　Visual sense Jiang yuhang

　　Summer has come in Fuzhou. With the temperature rising and catching up with the rainy season, mosquitoes are becoming more and more rampant. May-November is the epidemic season of dengue fever in China every year, so we should always be vigilant. Dengue fever can be prevented and controlled, and the key lies in prevention. So what is dengue fever? Let’s get to know it together ~

01

dengue

　　Dengue fever (DF) is an acute insect-borne infectious disease caused by dengue virus. It is also called "bone fracture fever" because of its severe pain, and it belongs to Class B legal infectious disease in China. The high incidence season of dengue fever is summer and autumn, which generally increases gradually from May, and the peak period is from August to October. The incubation period is 3-15 days, usually 5-8 days, and the whole population is generally susceptible.

Dengue fever does not spread from person to person!

　　Dengue virus is mainly transmitted to humans through the bite of female Aedes aegypti (mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) carrying the virus, and generally does not spread directly from person to person. The perennial monitoring found that there was a vector of dengue fever in Fuzhou — — Aedes albopictus

02

clinical symptoms

　　[Sudden high fever] The body temperature rises to 39℃ ~ 40℃ within a day or two, and it often lasts for a week.

　　【 "Body Pain 】 I feel headache, eye socket pain, muscle joint and bone pain, and the whole person feels very tired.

　　["Redness"] The skin on the face, neck, chest and limbs is red, which seems to be "drunk", and even conjunctival congestion and superficial lymphadenopathy appear.

　　★ The incubation period of dengue fever is generally 3 ~ 15 days, and most of them are 5 ~ 8 days. Patients and recessive infected people are the main sources of infection. Patients are contagious from 1 day before onset to 5 days after onset.

　　★ After some people are infected with dengue virus, the virus exists in the blood but does not get sick, that is, recessive infection, but it can also transmit the virus to others through Aedes mosquitoes.

Special reminder

　　The symptoms of dengue fever are similar to those of colds and flu. Pay attention to the following three differences:

　　1. The fever caused by dengue fever is generally "high fever", and the body temperature can often reach 39℃ or even 40℃.

　　2. In addition to fever, patients with dengue fever are often accompanied by bone pain, headache, muscle pain, rash, bleeding spots, and some patients may also have gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and stomachache.

　　Besides fever, the symptoms caused by cold are often accompanied by symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and cough.

　　If you have a history of living abroad or have fever or rash after returning to Rongrong in areas with epidemic situation in China, please be sure to go to a medical institution with a fever clinic (consultation room) as soon as possible, and actively inform the medical staff of mosquito bites or the history of living abroad in the past two weeks, and never take medicine by yourself or see a doctor in a small clinic.

03

What should I do if I am infected with dengue fever?

　　If you are accidentally infected with dengue virus, don’t be too alarmed. Dengue fever patients generally have a good prognosis, and can basically recover after timely treatment, but there are also reports of a few serious cases of death, so please take scientific precautions. Dengue fever patients should pay attention to the following points:

　　Pay attention to rest.

　　Use acetaminophen (such as paracetamol) to treat pain, and avoid using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen and aspirin).

　　When staying at home or in hospital, do a good job in mosquito isolation, including using mosquito nets and screen doors, wearing long-sleeved clothes, spraying mosquito repellent and other measures to reduce unnecessary outdoor activities.

　　If you find any serious symptoms, please contact a doctor as soon as possible!

　　The mortality rate of typical dengue fever is less than 1%, but if it is not treated in time, it will become severe and the mortality rate will exceed 20%.

　　Therefore, no matter the severity of the illness, seek medical advice in time! Seek medical attention in time! Seek medical attention in time! Is the best way to deal with it

04

How to prevent dengue fever?

　　At present, there is no approved and registered vaccine for dengue fever, and there is no specific antiviral drug. Mosquito control is the key to prevent dengue fever.

　　(1) Environmental governance

　　Clean up all kinds of stagnant water at home. Water bottles should be changed for aquatic plants every 5-7 days, and no stagnant water should be left on the flowerpot chassis. The terrace outside the building, outdoor potholes, tree holes, bamboo tubes and other accumulated water, should be regularly dredged, leveled and filled with potholes, rummaged pots and cans, and cleaned up waste tires and other measures. For stagnant water that cannot be removed for a long time, a corrosion inhibitor can be put in to kill larvae.

　　(2) Physical prevention and control

　　Use light, sound, electricity and other physical methods to kill, trap or drive away mosquitoes, such as optical traps and electric mosquito swatter.

　　(3) Chemical control

　　Use mosquito-repellent incense, repellent, aerosol insecticide and other commonly used chemicals to kill and repel mosquitoes.

　　(4) Biological control

　　Ornamental fish are stocked in ponds and lotus tanks, carp and grass carp are stocked in paddy fields and irrigation ditches, and mosquito larvae are eliminated by stocking fish.

　　(5) Personal protection

　　During the epidemic season in dengue endemic areas, screen doors and screens should be installed indoors, and mosquito nets should be used when sleeping. Try to minimize going out during the peak hours of mosquito activities. When going out, such as going to parks, green belts and other places, you should wear long-sleeved clothes and trousers, and apply mosquito repellent drugs to exposed skin and clothes. You should also avoid staying too long in places with more outdoor mosquitoes such as shade, grass and gazebo. Avoid traveling to Southeast Asia, Africa, America and other regions during the period of high incidence of mosquito-borne infectious diseases.

Language is an important tool for human beings to express their communication and thinking. Language reflects people’s thoughts, and people use language to communicate, express and create. The daily language used by human beings is called natural language, which includes vocabulary, pronunciation, semantics and grammar. The language used for machine programming is called computer language, which consists of numbers, characters and grammatical rules. Human natural languages are in different languages and belong to different language families, and computer languages are also divided into various categories according to different writing rules. Language intelligence, the ability of people to communicate and think in writing through language dialogue, is regarded as an aspect of human intelligence. In contrast, a machine (computer) has the ability to recognize computer language, run programs and perform operations, and computer language can be regarded as a language inherent in the machine. If the computer can understand the natural language as a "foreign language", realize the translation of natural language, understand and execute people’s commands, and even talk to people, can it be considered that the computer has language intelligence similar to that of people? This paper will answer this question.

Definition of natural language and computer language

The language used in human daily life is called natural language. Humans use language to express ideas, communicate and describe objects. As a carrier, language carries the connotation of words. Many languages of human beings belong to different language families, but languages can correspond and translate with each other. Every language is a system including vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation, in which vocabulary is used to express itself according to grammatical rules. As the philosopher and linguist Chomsky said in Language and Mind, "People who know a certain language have mastered a set of rules system, which assigns sounds and meanings to countless possible sentences in a certain way." However, individuals who use natural language may not be aware of the rules and connotations of this language system: "People who know the language are not aware that they have mastered these rules or are using them, and there is no reason to assume that this knowledge of language rules can be brought into consciousness."

The acquisition of natural language is based on life and social interaction. The process for children to master a language is to get in touch with words and sentences through a large number of dialogues, acquire sentence models in conversations and chats, and then master grammar. It can be seen that the learning of natural language is from semantics to grammar. Therefore, some scholars discuss language acquisition from the standpoint of human language talent theory. For example, Chomsky thinks that there is a natural universal grammar in the human brain, which exists in a place called language acquisition device. He tried to explain the relationship between language research and human nature, and thought that language reflected the process of human mind and determined all aspects of ideological characteristics and development.

From the perspective of language system, natural language is both stable and changeable. On the premise that a language exists, its vocabulary and basic grammar are stable. At the same time, the language is constantly updated, derived and developed due to the changes of the times and environment during its inheritance and use.

Computer language refers to the language that uses numbers and characters to write programs according to the prescribed grammatical rules, so that computers can do all kinds of work. It includes machine language, assembly language, high-level language and so on. In different ways of thinking about programming and programming models, statements composed of characters and grammatical rules perform operations according to instructions. The original intention of computer language design is to enable people to better control and operate computers. At present, every action and step made by all computers are carried out according to the program compiled by computer language. The operation of a computer is a process of accepting input, matching objects and outputting answers. In the execution operation, the calculator must first understand the input commands of people, and translate the natural language. The source code of the application program is translated into the target code machine language by the interpreter of the corresponding language, and then the compilation operation is carried out to translate the program source code into the target code machine language.

It can be said that computer language is the medium of man-machine dialogue. Computer language can recognize and translate natural language, perform operations and output results in its construction, and the translation process is the key to man-machine cooperation and even man-machine dialogue. The machine can only continue to perform operations after understanding the commands input by human beings. Before the emergence of intelligent machines, people’s input instructions to machines were single, but today’s intelligent machines have gradually tried to understand people’s commands through voice and image recognition. At present, this ability mainly depends on corpus analysis, enhanced matching search and deep learning.

If the vocabulary of natural language is regarded as a set of symbols and its grammar is regarded as the rules for the use of symbols, then computer language is also the use of symbols and rules. The encoding and decoding of computer input and output, as well as the operation in human-computer interaction, are also similar to the process of using language to listen, read, write and communicate with people. In this sense, computer language seems to be the natural language of computers. If the computer is truly intelligent, then in its view, human natural language can be regarded as a foreign language. But can computers be intelligent?

To compare natural language with computer language, an important perspective is to distinguish the internal logic of natural language and computer language from their logical systems. Logic is an important connotation of language, and the logical structure and grammatical system of a language are the root causes that distinguish it from other languages and languages.

Logic in Natural Language and Computer Language

In the use of natural language, ambiguity and ambiguity are inevitable, and there are misunderstandings and deviations in translation between languages. Scholars want to solve the ambiguity and ambiguity of words in expression and find the common deep structure in human language, so they invented formal language by using mathematical methods for reference. The original intention of formal language is that people want to make logic have a set of universal symbols like mathematics, so as to try to establish a universal and unambiguous language. Through this language, all thinking and reasoning can be transformed into calculus and become as accurate as mathematics. Logicians try to accurately describe the world described by natural language with formal systems and symbols, so as to make more accurate reasoning, analysis and judgment. Therefore, in the study of logical language, it also includes the study of natural language generative grammar.

Natural language can be regarded as a symbol system, in which words are symbols to express ideas under the cultural background. However, the logic in natural language is not only grammatical structure, but also semantic. The ambiguity and vagueness of some words in our daily expression are difficult to judge in grammar, but they can be simply solved by context and the introduction of context. Wittgenstein thinks that natural language is used to express objects, the meaning of a proposition or sentence comes from its real object, and the process of learning language is to master the relationship between words and objects. We can’t get meaning from a single word, but through association and activity, so natural language has meaning under certain environment and specific rules of the game.

Therefore, the logic of natural language has one more dimension than that of formal language. Natural language is a part of human mind, and the logic contained in words is the unique logical ability of human mind. As Wittgenstein pointed out, a single vocabulary and grammatical structure cannot convey complete meaning. The acquisition of natural language can’t be achieved only by learning the logical structure of language. Therefore, mind is an important concept in the acquisition of natural language.

The computer language used by the machine is also a formal language. It is the language that people first gave to the machine and became the pre-existing language in it. When computers understand and execute human commands, they need to translate natural languages into computer languages that can be understood by machines, and then carry out program operations. Formal description of natural language is very important for mechanical imitation of computer programs, but understanding imitation is different from mechanical imitation. Mechanical imitation involves formal nature, while comprehension imitation involves quasi-semantic nature. At present, computers are mainly based on mechanical imitation and talk to people’s natural language through logical language. Therefore, although the processing of natural language by computer can be regarded as a kind of translation, at present, this kind of translation is different from the mutual translation between two languages in natural language.

In the process of disambiguation, computers need a lot of knowledge, including linguistic knowledge (morphology, syntax, semantics, context, etc.) and common sense cognition about the world. This has also caused two main difficulties in natural language processing at present. Measuring computer language from the perspective of natural language is highly formalized, which makes its ability to describe context limited, and it cannot convey multi-layer information like natural language. Therefore, although formal language has advantages in accuracy, its contextual shaping ability and expressive power are inevitably weaker than natural language. In the understanding of natural language, it is difficult for formal language to fully describe how lexical devices are related to syntactic structures, thus forming the meaning of sentences, which is also an important reason for errors in computer recognition of natural language. Of course, with the development of corpus construction and corpus linguistics, the rationalism method based on syntactic-semantic rules, which was mainly used by computers in dealing with natural languages, has taken a back seat. Nowadays, the natural language processing technology has introduced statistical mathematics methods, and gradually reduced errors with the support of matching search and automatic learning methods.

Cognitive science holds that thinking and cognition are logical operations of knowledge, while computerized natural language analysis mainly depends on the expression of logical language. From the perspective of behaviorism, if the machine has a computer language, and it is constantly strengthened and more accurate in the operation execution and use the day after tomorrow, it is a kind of acquisition and consolidation. In this sense, computer language seems to be its natural language for computers. However, although natural language and computer language each contain many kinds, the reasons for their diversity are different. Different from the differences of history, culture and region, computer language is developed for different needs when writing programs. Therefore, the connotation of natural language and computer language is different. Fundamentally speaking, the mind embodied by natural language is different from that expressed by computer language.

Natural language and mind

If natural language is the tool of human expression and the medium of thinking, then the relationship between natural language and mind is inseparable. To a certain extent, people’s ability to use language is one of the manifestations of mental ability. Mind is different from intelligence. Mind is a part of intelligence, which refers to people’s abilities of perception, feeling, memory, learning, understanding and innovation.

Mental ability includes the understanding of natural language. When using natural language in daily life, we can get the pronunciation, image and connotation of the described object at the same time. In our daily life, whenever we hear someone describe something or see someone pointing to an object, we will remember what this thing is called and say the same words when we refer to that thing again in the future. We can also experience all kinds of emotions and feelings in the sentence from other people’s voices, movements, expressions and eyes, as well as body movements, tones and tones. That is to say, in natural language, the meaning of words is not limited to the meaning of a single word, but also includes the appearance of the referent, pronunciation, the intention of the narrator and the context at that time. The meanings of natural language are fully embodied in social communication and dialogue. A comprehensive grasp of these meanings requires mental ability, and vice versa. As Chomsky said: the surface rule of words forming sentences is grammar, but the real meaning of sentences is reflected in the deep structure. The deep structure is related to the surface structure through some mental operations. In other words, the connection between all words, sounds and meanings of natural language is based on the grammatical structure on the basis of mind.

Furthermore, the study of natural language is also a reflection of mental ability. Psychologists represented by Chomsky believe that language and grammatical structure are the essence and characteristics of human mind. No matter how different language users are in individual experience and ability, they will complete the task of constructing language theory system in a very similar way. We are endowed with cognitive structure and language ability in our minds, and gradually strengthen our grasp of grammar rules in the application of acquired knowledge. "On a basic level, we humans are not learning languages. The real situation is that languages grow up in our minds."

Different from Chomsky, Quine’s language theory is based on empiricism and behaviorism. He opposes both the thorough empiricism reductionism and the pure transcendental knowledge. He believes that the reason why language can express meaning depends on the acquisition of behavior, and people’s mental ability embodied in language behavior is gradually acquired. The mental ability to master and use a language is acquired and can be strengthened through training. In Quine’s view, our ability to master language comes from public knowledge, which is a kind of inheritance of human common experience and knowledge background, rather than a priori existence: "Even if we want to talk about a unique quality of sensory awareness, most of us have to turn to public objects, the color of oranges, the taste of rotten eggs, and so on. To continuously access the previous sensory data, it also depends on the reference object. Of course, we should explore the sensory awareness and sensory stimulation behind the daily discourse about objects, but these are the background of concept formation or language, not their underlying structure. "

According to Chomsky’s theory, the initial inner nature that we give to an intelligent computer can be counted as its innate "mind", of course, such a mind is given by people and is incomplete. According to Quine’s theory, under the premise of being constructed, the computer has acquired the knowledge background and can continuously strengthen its language ability in learning, which seems to mean that it is possible to obtain real intelligence in intensive learning, including the same level of language intelligence as people.

Machine language and mind

In the famous Turing test of artificial intelligence, if a person can have a long enough conversation with a machine, if the interlocutor can’t tell whether the answer comes from a machine or a person, then it is judged that the machine is intelligent. It can be seen that the main ability of Turing’s intelligent computer is the ability to understand and use language. The test defines the intelligence of the machine as several aspects: the machine should be able to answer the questions of input text; Be able to explain the meaning of words; Able to understand sentences composed of words; Be able to translate one language into another. Language ability is an important criterion to judge whether a computer has intelligence. It can even be said that from the mechanism of Turing test, language ability can be equated with intelligence.

If intelligence must master language ability, as mentioned above, although the natural language used by human beings has vague and ambiguous contents, its expressive power is indeed stronger than that of formal language. If a computer wants to have real intelligence, it must have the ability to understand natural language in different contexts. However, this ability is almost impossible in the existing technology. Dreyfus mentioned in What Computers Can’t Do that one of the difficult problems for machines to acquire intelligence is to solve the ambiguity in language. Although there is now the support of enhanced matching search and big data, the ambiguity problem of natural language has been partially solved on the surface. However, if we can really understand and use a language by referring to the way we use natural language, we need to master the necessary reasoning rules (including expert knowledge reasoning and common sense reasoning), but also have the ability to understand and comprehend the context. With this ability, you can be considered to have a mind and intelligence.

When discussing machine intelligence and mind, many researchers hope to get inspiration from the generation and structure of human intelligence. From simple development to complex thinking, human intelligence seems to have rules to follow, but if you consider it carefully, even the simplest and most elementary intelligence involves the cooperation of millions of brain cells and muscle cells on a large scale. These simple behaviors are embedded with too much intelligence, which are deep mental abilities that are not realized in daily speech and behavior. Language intelligence, as one of them, if we consider the source of language mechanism and its role in the sudden qualitative change of human intelligence, at least two basic problems will appear: first, the core semantic content of the smallest meaningful element, including the simplest element. Second, the principle of allowing unlimited combinations of symbols. If we want to analyze the physiological structure and logical structure produced by human mind step by step, we will try to endow the machine with mind by imitating this structure. It is bound to face two dilemmas: first, the human brain is a black box that cannot be completely mastered; Second, the mind, as a non-physical but real existence, is an elusive existence for technology.

From the standpoint of mentalism, it is impossible for a computer to have the same mental ability as human beings, although it can acquire more sophisticated and accurate natural language processing technology with the development of technology, and it can understand all instructions of natural language in operation and execution. From the standpoint of behaviorism, if a machine has the same language ability as human beings and can understand and express natural language, it seems that it can be considered as a machine with mind. However, the inevitable problems in the transformation between natural language and formal language also indicate that imitation based on behaviorism cannot be exactly the same as human beings.

conclusion

With the development of technology, the number of natural language texts that can be processed by computers has been increasing. Under the application requirements of text mining, information extraction, cross-language information processing, human-computer interaction and so on, the research on computer natural language processing is also advancing. However, natural language is directional and logical in description and expression, and conveys and carries culture. This means that natural language is not only a combination of some words and symbols, but also different from formal language. Although natural language is also used under certain logical grammar and has the functions of communication, exchange, expression and creation, it also has cultural attributes. The acquisition of a language not only includes the use of words and grammatical rules, but also includes the understanding and recognition of a culture. At this level, no matter how much the existing intelligent machines deal with natural languages, they have not yet possessed real intelligence. Therefore, we can take the normal use of language as extremely clear empirical evidence to prove that other creatures have the same mind as us, but not as discriminatory evidence of the source of mind and human ability.

Descartes said that "language is the core symbol of human thinking", which means that language ability and human thinking ability are inseparable and language ability is the representation of human mind. He also pointed out that two important abilities of human mind, understanding and will, cannot be realized by machines (automata). Because the mind has no substance, it is impossible for automata to create the mind by imitating the surface structure anyway. Descartes’ prediction is still correct today, although it lacks the integrity of argument. The use, expression and creation of language is an important content of human intelligence. If the intelligent machine in the future will have the same or even stronger intelligence as human beings, then it must have the same understanding and application ability as human language ability. This can’t be done at the existing computer language level. As for whether machines can learn "foreign languages" by new breakthrough technologies in the future, that is another question.

References:

Dreyfus. What Computers Can’t Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence [M]. Joint Publishing Company, 1986.

Noam Chomsky. Language and Mind [M]. Renmin University of China Press, 2015.

Selected Works of Noam Chomsky Chomsky’s Philosophy of Language [M]. The Commercial Press, 1992.

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　　Chongqing Rail Transit (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Chongqing Rail Group) announced on the evening of January 19 that at noon on January 18, a sling fork ear screw of Egongyan Rail Bridge on the subway ring line was abnormal, and Chongqing Rail Group immediately launched an emergency plan, and the operation of the Olympic Sports Center on the ring line was suspended from Xiejiawan to Strait Road.

　　At the same time, Chongqing Rail Group quickly organized relevant experts and technicians to carry out emergency treatment, and technicians will conduct a comprehensive inspection of the bridge sling system.

　　Zhou Shuixing, director of the Bridge Engineering Department of the School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) after seeing the multi-angle photos on the spot that the screw fracture should be related to the material and stress, and other screws should be inspected comprehensively after this happens. He said that it may only be necessary to replace the screw, which will have little impact on the whole bridge.

　　Broken sling fork ear screw

　　Chongqing Railway has repeatedly sent messages saying that it has investigated hidden dangers and apologized.

　　On the afternoon of January 19th, the news that there was a problem with the sling of Egongyan Track Bridge spread in many WeChat groups in Chongqing. According to the information released by Chongqing Railway Group, the sling failure occurred at noon on January 18th. The Paper checked the official Weibo and found that at 13: 04 on January 18th, Chongqing Rail Group released the news of the first ring road facility failure.

　　The news said, "Due to the hidden dangers of the subway ring line equipment and facilities, the staff are actively investigating, which has caused the operation of the Olympic Sports Center from Xiejiawan to Haixia Road to be blocked. Please cooperate with the station staff to guide and wait in an orderly manner or transfer to other means of transportation."

　　At 13: 41 on January 18th, Chongqing Rail Group released the second operation emergency message through Guanwei, saying, "The operation of the Olympic Sports Center from Xiejiawan to Strait Road is blocked due to hidden dangers in the facilities of the subway ring line. In order to maintain the operation to the maximum extent, the Olympic Sports Center is now running through Ranjiaba to Strait Road, and the bus connection between the entrance and exit of the Olympic Sports Center Station 5B and the entrance and exit of Strait Road Station 3A is started."

　　Since then, Chongqing Rail Group has released information twice at 23: 04 on January 18th and 10: 22 on January 19th, indicating that hidden dangers of equipment and facilities are still under investigation and rectification.

　　Then, Chongqing Rail Group issued a letter of apology for "the inconvenience of passengers’ travel due to the inability of the loop train to operate normally on time for some reason". In the letter of apology, the group said that it would further improve the maintenance and emergency rescue capabilities of rail transit system equipment, minimize the occurrence of emergencies, and let rail transit give full play to its advantages of "safety, speed, punctuality and comfort".

　　Upper part of broken sling fork ear screw

　　Trial operation of the involved track bridge in 2019

　　The Paper inquired about Chongqing local media reports and found that in 2014, the construction of Egongyan Track Bridge started, which was undertaken by China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau. In October 2019, the bridge began trial operation of the track loop.

　　According to chongqing morning post, Egongyan Rail Bridge is located between Haixia Road Station and Xiejiawan Station of rail transit loop, connecting Nan ‘an District and Jiulongpo District of Chongqing, and it is an important node bridge of rail transit loop across the Yangtze River. The total length of the bridge is 1650.5 meters. It is a self-anchored suspension bridge with five-span continuous steel box girder, twin towers and double cable planes, and the main span reaches 600 meters. Its span ranks among the top suspension bridges for rail transit in the world, and it is also the self-anchored suspension bridge with the largest main span in the world.

　　It is worth mentioning that Egongyan Track Bridge is located about 45 meters upstream of Egongyan Bridge. The height of the two bridges is basically the same, and they are known as twin sister bridges.

　　Official website, China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group Co., Ltd., said when introducing Egongyan Track Bridge that Egongyan Track Bridge is the key project of Chongqing Rail Transit Loop Phase II. The self-anchored suspension cable of five-span continuous steel box girder with twin towers and double cable planes with a main span of 600 meters is the "most" self-anchored suspension bridge in the world, compared with the self-anchored suspension bridge with the second largest span in the world at that time — — The bridge on Muhu Island in Estonia is 120 meters long. The main tower of the bridge is 153 meters high, which is equivalent to 50 stories high. The main construction difficulties include the excavation of main tower foundation, the construction of main tower, the installation of steel box girder of cable-stayed bridge, the installation of main cable of suspension bridge, system transformation and the construction monitoring of the whole bridge. The construction standard is high, and it is risky and challenging. It is the first case in the world to adopt the method of "cable-stayed first and then suspended cable" in organizational construction.

　　Broken sling fork ear screw

　　Bridge expert: Fracture is related to material and stress.

　　Zhou Shuixing, director of the Department of Bridge Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, looked at the multi-angle photos at the scene and said that the fracture of the sling fork ear screw was related to its material and stress. It may have little impact on the whole bridge, just change the suspenders.

　　Regarding "will other screws face the same fracture", Zhou Shuixing said that the bridge should be physically examined every year and inspected daily. Generally, after this problem occurs, other screws should be thoroughly inspected.

　　However, Zhou Shuixing also said that the vibration caused by the running of the vehicle is somewhat unfavorable to the sling fork ear screw, and vibration reduction measures can be taken. But we can’t find out why until the test results come out.