The past 2018 was a year of violent turmoil in the environmental industry. Policies, markets and capital have all changed, and the pressure on enterprises has increased sharply, making it difficult to survive. Under this circumstance, there have been many events such as large-scale bargain-hunting of state-owned assets and equity assets trading of listed companies. In addition to these well-known large-scale transactions in the industry, there are more small and medium-sized equity assets transactions happening constantly. According to the statistics of China Water Network, there were … many, many environmental assets auctioned by the judiciary this year. This paper takes stock of some typical cases for reference.

　　The past 2018 was a year of violent turmoil in the environmental industry. Policies, markets and capital have all changed, and the pressure on enterprises has increased sharply, making it difficult to survive. Under this circumstance, there have been many events such as large-scale bargain-hunting of state-owned assets and equity assets trading of listed companies. In addition to these well-known large-scale transactions in the industry, there are more small and medium-sized equity assets transactions happening constantly. According to the statistics of China Water Network, there were … many, many environmental assets auctioned by the judiciary this year. This paper takes stock of some typical cases for reference.

　　Equity category

　　Shenwu Energy Saving and Shenwu Environmental Protection (300156, stock bar) held by Shenwu Technology Group Co., Ltd.

　　Subject matter: 31,820,462 shares restricted by Shenwu Energy Saving and 929,415 shares restricted by Shenwu Environmental Protection.

　　Starting price: 183,238,473.2; It has been filmed.

　　Beijing Chenxing Jiye Environmental Protection Technology Group Co., Ltd. holds 17% equity of Hunan Hequan Industrial Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 22,672,400 yuan; Not finished.

　　10% equity of Ningxia Ningdong Resource Recycling Technology Development Co., Ltd. held by Ningxia Renhe Environmental Protection Technology Development Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 20,312,945.84; Not finished.

　　300,000 yuan equity of Cixi Xinlianxin Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 210,000; Not finished.

　　Equity of Jiangsu Jinhu Rural Commercial Bank Co., Ltd. held by Jiangsu Jiuzhou Water Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 1,608,600 yuan.

　　48% shareholder’s equity of Sihui Tiankuo Water Treatment Co., Ltd. held by Zunhuang Advertising Company.

　　Starting price: 26,081,330.4 yuan has been auctioned.

　　73% equity of Xintaiyuan Sewage Treatment Co., Ltd., Yangdong District, Yangjiang City

　　Starting price: 14,342,093.92 yuan has been auctioned.

　　17% equity of Anhui Tongbao Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 6,200,000 yuan has been auctioned off.

　　Value of all shareholders’ rights and interests of Huizhou Tianyuan Environmental Protection Water Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 55,040,000 yuan has been auctioned off.

　　Equity of Hainan Biyang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　The transaction price is 350,000 yuan.

　　48.5% equity of Anhui Fumao Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. held by Anhui Fumao Renewable Resources Recycling Technology Co., Ltd.

　　The transaction price is 31,889,529 yuan.

　　Hangzhou Fuxing Group Co., Ltd. on the equity of Qingdao Fuxing Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 237,000 yuan has been auctioned.

　　8% equity of Yixing Ruixin Investment Guarantee Co., Ltd under the name of Jiangsu Yujie Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.

　　The transaction price is 807,300 yuan

　　15% equity value of Nanjing Kai Kai Kai Sheng Kai Neng Environmental Protection Energy Co., Ltd. held by Guangdong Kaineng Environmental Protection (300272, Guba) Energy Co., Ltd.

　　The current price of 80,000,000 yuan has been auctioned

　　Liaoning Fuxing Hengyang Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd. holds 100% equity share.

　　The transaction price is 809,018 yuan.

　　35% equity of Wuyuan County Sewage Treatment Co., Ltd. held by Shanghai Optimized Construction Technology Company.

　　Transaction price: 543,000 yuan

　　Company as a whole

　　Overall assets of Jiangsu Luyiyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　The transaction price is 93,724,131 yuan.

　　All property of xinmi city Huanxin Domestic Waste Treatment Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 25,255,454.4 has been auctioned off.

　　Overall assets of Jiangsu Xinfeng Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 19,440,000

　　Overall assets of Jiangsu Jinjieyu Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 15,746,768 yuan.

　　54 patent assets under the name of Jiangsu Xinzhong Environmental Protection Co., Ltd.

　　The transaction price is 245,300 yuan

　　Overall assets of Yixing Guohao Bio-environmental Protection Co., Ltd.

　　The transaction price is 7,136,730 yuan.

　　Overall assets of Jiangsu Ruitianshui Treatment Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 1,004,200 yuan.

　　Assets of Jiangsu Zhengda Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd. (real estate and ancillary facilities, including land transfer fees)

　　The transaction price is 27,000,000 yuan.

　　The real estate and equipment owned by Hangzhou Fuming Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. located in Building 6, No.1 Weiye Road, Puyan Street, Binjiang District.

　　The transaction price is 36,900,000 yuan.

　　Overall assets of Yixing Zijing Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd.

　　The transaction price is 5,630,016 yuan.

　　Overall assets of Jiangsu Hongqi Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd.

　　The transaction price is 22,780,000 yuan.

　　Registered capital of Zhenjiang Yasheng Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Materials Co., Ltd.

　　The transaction price is 848,991.07 yuan.

　　Zhangjiagang Yongfengtai Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. went bankrupt and liquidated the inventory assets of factory buildings, land and equipment.

　　Transaction price: 184,160,000 yuan.

　　All the land and workshops of Qingdao Fengjing Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Materials Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 25,701,372.8 yuan.

　　Jiangsu Zhengnan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. owns the real estate and ancillary facilities located at No.389 Jianshe West Road, Jinhu County.

　　Transaction price: 12,632,530.96 yuan.

　　Jinhua Boli Environmental Protection Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. owns industrial real estate located in Caozhai Town, jindong district, Jinhua City.

　　Transaction price: 16,980,000 yuan.

　　All buildings, land use rights and machinery and equipment owned by Shanxi Runhe Environmental Protection Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 43,306,992.9 yuan has been auctioned off.

　　Land, workshop and its appurtenances of Changshan Nanyang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd

　　Transaction price: 8,808,000 yuan.

　　All state-owned industries owned by Nanda (Zhejiang) Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. transfer land use rights, real estate and other property.

　　Transaction price: 147,070,000 yuan.

　　All the inventory and equipment of Zhejiang Yitianneng Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 340,100 yuan has been auctioned.

　　property; assets

　　Projects under construction in Binhai New Area, east of Bohai No.40 Road and south of Yellow River Road in Lingang Economic Zone, as well as plant structures and sewage treatment station equipment.

　　Starting price: 319,939,600; Not finished.

　　Land use right, buildings and ancillary facilities and equipment of Jiangsu Hongyun Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 46731039.00 yuan; Not finished.

　　The land use right of Henan Zhuocheng Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. and the ground attachments such as steel structure workshops and office buildings.

　　Starting price: 19,000,000 yuan; Not finished.

　　Rooms 03 and 05, 15th floor, office building, Xinghui Center, changping town, Dongguan, under the name of Dongguan Baosheng Environmental Protection Investment Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 1,707,832 yuan; Not finished.

　　Anhui Dongyuan Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. is located at No.290 Tebu Avenue, Bengbu City, with the house property and land use right.

　　Starting price: 75,703,250 yuan; Not finished.

　　Land and above-ground buildings, structures, machinery and equipment and supporting facilities of Lanzhou Daxiang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 9,694,384 yuan; Unfinished

　　Land and ground attachments of Jiuquan Yiren Garden Environment Engineering Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 2,887,808 yuan.

　　Real estate owned by Shangyu Hengyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 8,680,000 yuan.

　　All machinery and equipment of Wuxi Suchen Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 1,652,225 yuan has been auctioned.

　　Luoyang Antuo Kiln Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. is located in the industrial real estate and some properties in the courtyard of Tianhu Industrial Cluster in Songxian County.

　　Starting price: 4,172,960 yuan has been auctioned.

　　Two sets of straw gas generating units of Peixian Huasheng Environmental Protection and Energy Saving Gas Company.

　　Starting price: 115,200 yuan has been auctioned.

　　Peixian Huasheng Environmental Protection and Energy Saving Gas Company has two large gas tanks.

　　Starting price: 215,040 yuan has been auctioned.

　　All machinery and equipment of Wuxi Suchen Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 1,739,184 yuan has been auctioned.

　　Rooms 03 and 05, 15th floor, office building, Xinghui Center, changping town, Dongguan, under the name of Dongguan Baosheng Environmental Protection Investment Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 2,134,790 yuan has been auctioned.

　　A batch of machinery and equipment of Fujian Dezhixian Environmental Protection New Material Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 190,120 yuan has been auctioned.

　　Huizhou Jinyu Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. is a group of water pipes located in the park of Huizhou Jinze International Logistics Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 1,088,552 yuan has been auctioned.

　　Houses, land, structures, accessories and equipment occupied by Fujian Guoxing Environmental Protection Co., Ltd.

　　The transaction price is 10,000,000 yuan.

　　Land of Shandong Jufu Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. and a building on the land

　　Starting price: 13,538,400 yuan has been auctioned.

　　An edge milling machine XB-9000 owned by Sichuan Bailin Xinneng Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 137,000 yuan has been auctioned.

　　Real estate owned by Shangyu Jinya Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 18,340,000 yuan.

　　Houses, land, structures, accessories and equipment occupied by Fujian Guoxing Environmental Protection Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 10,000,000 yuan has been auctioned off.

　　Portfolio of Dongying Hengfeng Environmental Protection Material Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 10,392,064 yuan has been auctioned off.

　　Anhui Beiguo Environmental Protection Building Materials Co., Ltd. is located in the workshop, land and accessories (excluding equipment) of Yangmiao Town, Changfeng County.

　　Starting price: 4,130,047 yuan has been auctioned off.

　　Some assets owned by Yushi (Linyi) Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 24,690,000 yuan.

　　Land and attached real estate owned by Jiangsu Suneng Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. located in Dongfeng Road, tongshan district Economic Development Zone, Xuzhou City.

　　Transaction price: 6,702,340 yuan.

　　Jinghai District Tianjin Ziya Environmental Protection Industry Yuanzi Wangdao No.8 Industrial Real Estate

　　Transaction price: 6,000,000 yuan

　　Office supplies left by Chengdu Zhongneng Environmental Protection Development Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 7,282.8 yuan has been auctioned.

　　A batch of workshop production equipment of Hunan Jiakai Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 686,400 yuan has been auctioned.

　　State-owned land use right and above-ground buildings under the name of Baotou Jiade Environmental Protection High-tech Building Materials Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 40,240,341.76 yuan has been auctioned.

　　Shaoxing Qingmao Environmental Protection Assistant Co., Ltd. is located in Building 1 and 2 of Xin ‘er Village, Binhai Industrial Zone, Keqiao District, Shaoxing City.

　　Transaction price: 13,502,004 yuan.

　　A batch of machinery and equipment owned by Hangzhou Yuansu Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 504,000 yuan has been auctioned.

　　Jinhua Boli Environmental Protection Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. owns industrial real estate located in Caozhai Town, jindong district, Jinhua City.

　　Starting price: 16,980,000 yuan has been auctioned off.

　　Machinery and equipment of Jiaozuo Chaoda Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 861,420 yuan has been auctioned.

　　A batch of machinery and equipment owned by Guangdong Huaxin da energy conservation and environmental protection co., ltd.

　　Transaction price: 181,000 yuan

　　Houses, land use rights, ground attachments and machinery and equipment under the name of Earth Guardian Environmental Protection New Materials Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 170,000,000 yuan

　　Property, land use right and ground attachments of Dezhou Dongfang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 10,900,000 yuan

　　A batch of office facilities and equipment owned by Foshan Dasen Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Transaction price: 12,212 yuan

　　The real estate owned by Zhejiang Yongjie Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. is located at No.13 Qianxi Road, Taozhu Street, Zhuji City.

　　Starting price: 50,000,000 yuan has been auctioned off.

　　All machinery and equipment of Suzhou Tepu Agricultural Environment Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Starting price: 37,200 yuan has been auctioned.

　　(Note: The data in this article comes from "Ali Auction")

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This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: E20 Water Network Solid Waste Network. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

From January to June this year, enterprises in the home appliance industry achieved revenue of 914.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.1%; The profit was 67.49 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.2%. Facing the future, with the accelerating pace of promoting stock renewal, expanding quality supply and guiding home appliances to the countryside, the development potential of home appliance industry will be further stimulated.

Precise planning path superposition mop self-cleaning, upgraded sweeping robot makes daily cleaning easier; The air purifier equipped with brand-new sensors not only has low noise and low energy consumption, but also can remove aldehyde and supply air remotely with one button; Real-time video guidance, automatic steam cleaning, and the new steaming, roasting and frying machine make the kitchen novice fall in love with cooking … Walking around the appliance store, different categories are dazzling, and new ideas are coming.

The continuous innovation of major home appliance brands reflects the surging vitality of the home appliance industry. As a traditional dominant industry in China, the home appliance industry is also an important engine for steady industrial growth and consumption promotion. What are the new features of the home appliance industry this year? Where should we start to better stimulate the role of the home appliance market in promoting consumption and expanding domestic demand? The reporter interviewed industry experts and some home appliance companies.

Enhance innovation ability

Develop whole-house intelligence

The data shows that from January to June this year, enterprises in the home appliance industry achieved revenue of 914.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.1%; The profit was 67.49 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.2%.

Where does the growth resilience of home appliance industry come from? From continuous innovation towards the middle and high end.

"Since the beginning of this year, the demand for high-end products has been strong. In the second quarter, online sales of smart air purifiers increased by 8.6% year-on-year, and the growth was mainly contributed by mid-to high-end models with a price of more than 3,000 yuan. " Lu Yi, product manager of Xiaomi Environmental Electrical Appliances, introduced.

"At present, China’s home appliance market has entered a stage of upgrading characterized by high-end." The relevant person in charge of Hisense Video Technology Co., Ltd. said.

According to Xu Dongsheng, vice chairman of China Household Electrical Appliances Association, this year, the structural transformation and upgrading trend of China’s household electrical appliances industry is more obvious, and the supply of high-end products characterized by green intelligence is sufficient and effective, driving the industry to run steadily.

Walking into the intelligent open laboratory of Huawei Ark No.1 space, with a handheld intelligent central control panel, the whole house appliances are interconnected: when watching TV, you can turn on the viewing mode with one button and enjoy the immersive audio and video; When sleeping, voice awakens AI assistant, and remotely controls lighting and air conditioning …

"From smart home appliances to whole-house intelligence, the growth space of the home appliance industry is constantly expanding." Shao Yang, president of the whole house intelligent product line of Huawei Terminal Co., Ltd., said that relying on the ecology of HarmonyOS, all intelligent devices in the living space are organically connected, which better meets people’s demand for intelligent life. By the end of June this year, there were more than 200 nationwide stores of Huawei’s whole house intelligence, and more than 5,800 smart items could be connected to the whole house intelligence.

Haier founded the whole house intelligent scene brand "Three-winged Bird", and Midea released the whole house intelligent product system of "Midea Meijia" … "A variety of intelligent products cooperate, and more powerful intelligence capabilities are integrated, which is making smart home appliances more user-friendly." Xu Dongsheng said that the transformation of the whole house intelligence has not only brought personalized and customized experience to users, but also become a new engine to stimulate the growth of the home appliance industry.

Promote stock renewal

Perfect applied ecology

The data shows that from January to June, the sales of household appliances and audio-visual equipment were 427 billion yuan, and the year-on-year growth rate changed from a decrease of 3.9% last year to an increase of 1.0%. "The efficiency level of major home appliance enterprises has improved significantly, but there is still room for further expanding home appliance consumption." Xu Dongsheng said.

"China’s mature household appliances have a high penetration rate, and industry demand is more from stock renewal." Xu Jianwei, a researcher at the Industrial Research Institute of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, said that with the continuous improvement of the durability of household products, the product renewal cycle is long, and if the new features of products cannot effectively improve the pain points of consumption, the demand for renewal will shrink.

Take the air purifier as an example. "With the continuous improvement of air quality and stricter control of formaldehyde emission from building materials, the demand for formaldehyde removal from products is gradually weakening." Lu Yi said that at present, the company is developing more kinds of gas sensors and filtration technologies, and at the same time adding intelligent standby function to reduce the frequency of filter element replacement, thus reducing the use cost.

More brands are rejuvenating traditional household appliances with integration. Casarte Xingyun air conditioner integrates the functions of air conditioner, humidifier, purifier, sterilizer, air fan, etc., so that one machine can be used all the year round; Hisense integrated the ultrasonic eyewear washing device on the basis of the original product, which can wash clothes as well as glasses and jewelry … "The integration of functions is not a random combination of household appliances, but according to the user’s operating habits in a specific scene, to meet the user’s needs to the maximum extent." Xu Dongsheng said that integration is allowing traditional household appliances to release more room for growth.

"The new categories, new scenes and new applications that continue to expand are the potential for the growth of the home appliance industry." Xu Jianwei said that at present, intelligent innovation is active in the field of home appliances, but the application ecology of different brands of home appliances is not connected or even compatible enough, which has become a shortcoming that hinders the consumption of home appliances.

There are more and more intelligent devices, and it is inevitable to connect ecological islands and realize cross-brand interconnection. "The construction of whole house intelligence is inseparable from the participation of many parties such as home appliances, home, communications, the Internet, and content service providers." Xu Dongsheng introduced that in June this year, China Household Electrical Appliances Association and china communications standards association jointly issued the White Paper on Smart Home Interconnection in China (2023), which further promoted the interconnection standard of smart homes from "yes" to "good".

Expand quality supply

Expand the rural market

As the main field of traditional consumption, household appliances consumption is also an important force to restore and expand consumption. How to treat its growth prospects?

"From the perspective of industry trends, the market penetration rate of major household appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners and washing machines is increasing year by year." Xu Dongsheng said. Relevant data show that the scale of China’s smart home appliance market exceeded 550 billion yuan in 2021, exceeded 650 billion yuan in 2022 and is expected to exceed 730 billion yuan in 2023.

"Compared with some developed countries, there is still a gap in the ownership level of every 100 smart home appliances in China, and there is a lot of room to improve its penetration rate. Home appliance consumption has great growth potential and strong motivation." Xu Jianwei said.

Stepping into the stock market, how can the home appliance industry move from high-speed growth to high-quality development to better stimulate the consumption potential of home appliances?

On the one hand, we will continue to expand high-quality supply and promote the upgrading and added value of smart home appliances.

"With the continuous optimization of the competition pattern in the home appliance industry, the industry concentration has been further improved. Driven by leading enterprises and innovative enterprises, the proportion of green smart home appliances has increased significantly, providing solid support for expanding home appliance consumption." Xu Jianwei pointed out that in order to adapt to the upgrading of household appliances consumption, it is necessary to make precise policies in the aspects of exchanging old appliances for new ones, promoting intelligent integrated household appliances, and recycling used household appliances.

Recently, the "Notice on Measures to Restore and Expand Consumption" clearly proposes to promote smart home appliances, integrated home appliances, functional furniture and other products to improve the level of intelligent greening of homes. He Yaqiong, director of the Consumer Products Industry Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the next step will be to support the home appliance industry to promote customization and lean development with users as the center, realize real-time response to demand, real-time visualization of the whole process and seamless docking of resources, and continuously introduce more scene-oriented, intelligent and serialized home appliances.

On the other hand, we will continue to expand the rural market and accelerate the promotion of green smart home appliances to the countryside.

With the continuous improvement of farmers’ income and living standards, the rural market is becoming a new growth point to stimulate the demand for household appliances. The data shows that in the first five months of this year, the sales of home appliances for trade-in and green smart home appliances to the countryside increased by 83.7% and 12.6% respectively. Xu Jianwei proposed that we should speed up the construction of multi-level consumer centers, vigorously promote green smart home appliances to the countryside, and better improve the after-sales service system of rural home appliances.

　　Cctv newsOn October 9th, Hangzhou traffic police WeChat official issued a document entitled "Traffic Guide for the Asian Games: What to do after the Asian Games", which mentioned that from October 10th, Hangzhou will fully resume normal traffic management measures.

　　The full text is as follows:

　　Looking back on this Asian Games, we are delighted to find that all the trips have been successfully completed, the traffic safety of the games is on time, and the urban traffic is stable and orderly. The implementation of every Asian Games traffic organization benefits from everyone’s understanding, support and conscious compliance with the traffic adjustment measures.

　　Here, we would like to express our most sincere thanks to all the traffic participants who have made selfless dedication, enthusiastic care and strong support to help the Asian Games travel!

　　I sincerely thank the citizens for their tolerance and understanding. During this period, Hangzhou citizens worked together to overcome the inconvenience of temporary traffic control, chose public transportation and green and civilized travel with the greatest tolerance, deepest understanding, the most practical and strongest support, and cheered for the Asian Games athletes with practical actions, which became a powerful boost for the smooth operation of roads during the Asian Games.

　　I sincerely thank the volunteers for their persistence and dedication. During this time, volunteers have been busy on the road all day and night. Thousands of volunteers made selfless dedication and fully escorted, hand in hand to build a safety fence and "the most beautiful wall" for the crowd, and tried their best to help us do all the measures to ensure the safety of citizens’ travel.

　　I sincerely thank all sectors of society for their cooperation and support. During this period, many netizens supported the use of digital lanes for the Asian Games with practical actions. Many grassroots workers, journalists and other social parties work together to collect opinions and suggestions for us. They will speak out for positive energy at the first time, protect the city temperature with love, and accumulate traffic energy with tolerance.

　　During the Asian Games, bus and subway travel became the new normal, carpooling became the new trend, and commuting by bike became the new fashion … … In the wave of building the low-carbon life Asian Games, green travel has become a national action of public participation, co-construction and sharing. When the grand event comes to an end and the temporary traffic management measures during the Asian Games are over, we sincerely hope that this green wind will continue to blow all over Hang Cheng and make green travel another golden business card for Hang Cheng’s traffic.

　　From October 10th, Hangzhou will fully resume normal traffic management measures.Let’s review it together.

　　Passenger car traffic measures

　　For local (including Zhejiang A regional number plate) and foreign minibuses, the management measures of off-peak travel before the Asian Games will be continued, that is, the off-peak travel on ground roads will be suspended and the off-peak travel on expressways will remain unchanged, as follows:

　　Zhejiang A number plate restricts the road.

Time limit: 7:00-9:00 and 16:30-18:30 on weekdays.

Restriction rules: according to the way that the last Arabic digit of the number plate (including the temporary number plate) corresponds to the week, the number limit is 1 and 9 on Monday, 2 and 8 on Tuesday, 3 and 7 on Wednesday, 4 and 6 on Thursday and 5 and 0 on Friday.

　　Special reminder: October 10 is Tuesday, and the tail numbers 2 and 8 are restricted; Zhejiang a new energy license plate resumed its original policy.

　　Zhejiang A area number plate restricts roads

Time limit: 7:00-10:00 and 16:00-19:00 on weekdays.

Restriction rule: No traffic is allowed in the whole section.

　　Special reminder: try to choose ground roads during peak hours; The "Emergency Call" function of the Asian Games is closed.

　　Non-Zhejiang A-plate restricted roads

Time limit: 7:00-10:00 and 16:00-19:00 on weekdays.

Restriction rules: including non-Zhejiang A blue brand and new energy minibus, the whole section is forbidden to pass.

　　Special reminder: After 20: 00 on October 9, the "Urgent Call" system will be adjusted and restored before 0: 00 on October 10. The adjusted "Urgent Call" restores its original function: it is used to apply for non-Zhejiang A minibus to enter the restricted area during the morning and evening rush hours due to special circumstances such as medical treatment and work. You can apply in advance through the police uncle APP, Zheli Office and Alipay APP to search for keywords.

　　Freight car traffic measures

　　Non-Zhejiang A trucks, Zhejiang A yellow-card trucks and Zhejiang A blue-brand self-unloading trucks will resume pre-Asian Games management measures.

　　Special reminder: if it is really necessary to pass within the forbidden area, use the "freight navigation system" to report and pass according to the time and route specified by the cargo guide.

　　Know each other far and near, Wan Li is still a neighbor. The Asian Games in Hangzhou is ours, and it is the world’s. In the face of the upcoming Asian Paralympic Games, I hope that every citizen of Hangzhou will continue to maintain their cordial friendship, continue to play the spirit of "ownership", be tolerant and understanding, and cooperate and support them. Let’s light up the shining light, continue the excitement of the Asian Games, and go to a better tomorrow together!

1905 movie network news The new movie series "Monster Universe" co-produced by Legendary Pictures and Warner Bros. in the United States and re-directed by () was released in China Mainland on March 29th, and a preview and poster were released. Godzilla and King Kong, the two monster worlds, meet again, upgrade their equipment and change their skin, and the two kings break the ice and join hands to form a group to fight! In the poster, the two stand back to each other, screaming and murderous, and Godzilla, wearing a pink dorsal fin, wakes up and is ready to fight at any time. King Kong is also "upgraded in equipment", wearing mechanical gloves with bursting energy, and showing the king’s demeanor with a wave of his arm! The icicle behind it is "X", which also indicates that this war is a joint effort to resist foreign enemies. In addition, the monster villain "Scar King" showed a corner, and his sharp eyes were murderous and shivering. The three claw marks on King Kong’s chest changed into five. Whose "masterpiece" was it? What kind of shocking confrontation will there be at the peak? The battle between mankind and the inner world and the legendary ancient behemoth will finally be unveiled! This film will be released in China on March 29th. More exciting, so stay tuned!

The two kings joined hands to break the ice and open a group of behemoths. The new forces are murderous and the crisis is shocking.

In the finalized poster released today, Godzilla and King Kong, the two monster kings, changed from tit-for-tat and confrontation in the first film to the two kings joining hands and fighting in groups! Godzilla’s pink dorsal fin and King Kong’s mechanical gloves are also the focus of this poster. Godzilla’s pink dorsal fin is full of domineering awakening, and he is ready to attack at any time like an ice thorn; King Kong beside him also upgraded his equipment and wore mechanical gloves with bursting energy. King Kong’s big arm roared with a wave of his hand, showing the demeanor of the monster’s "top flow" king! This time, the cruel villain "Scar King" began to show signs of bullying with evil, and his eyes showed the villain’s domineering. The peak confrontation is tense, and the momentum shows the tense moment, and the war will be on the verge! It is worth noting that the huge "X"-shaped ice thorn behind the two kings indicates that the war will work together to resist the enemy and open a strong group. Interestingly, the three claw marks on King Kong’s chest have also become five, and whose "masterpiece" the scar is, it has left a suspense!

In the file-fixing notice, human beings specially created infinite mechanical gloves for King Kong to help him break through the pyramid with one punch. Godzilla also seems to perceive the danger coming, and suddenly wakes up in the ice peak, making the audience sigh surprise gift! The preview not only shows the grandeur of human world civilization, but also highlights the unique and magnificent world view of Godzilla King Kong’s "Monster Universe" series! In addition, the magnificent and mysterious inner world is in crisis again, and dark nests and unknown races all imply that the "monster universe" will usher in a new force. The vicious villain "Scar King" appeared defiantly wearing a spine whip, and a roar caused everyone to scream and run! At this point, the three forces have all appeared, and a shocking conspiracy between mankind and the inner world is also ready to go. This time, Godzilla and King Kong will join hands to confront the peak of Scar King, which will become a rare experience of explosion and decompression!

The tenth anniversary of the return of the "Monster Universe", adding a new series of masterpieces, getting rave reviews and detonating expectations.

From Godzilla vs Kong in 2014, 2017, 2019 and 2021 to the upcoming Godzilla vs. king kong 2: The Rise of the Empire in 2024, the series of "Monster Universe" movies are very popular with the audience, with a double harvest at the box office. The global box office has accumulated nearly $2 billion, and the cumulative box office performance in China Mainland is as high as RMB 3.811 billion! This year marks the 10th anniversary of Legendary Pictures’s "Monster Universe" series of films. It remains to be seen that this time, a new work will be added, which will open up a new territory for the series, or it will set off a more shocking monster war.

As the fifth film in the "Monster Universe" series, it has attracted the attention of countless monster fans and fans since the official announcement, and more than 100 media have made annual inventory, making it the most recommended masterpiece of the media in 2024. This series is not only loved by audiences all over the world, but also sparked heated discussions on the Internet. Godzilla vs Kong, the previous work, attracted countless audiences to spontaneously form a team, saying that they would be satisfied to see the century war in their lifetime. The new work is beyond the imagination of the audience, and the appearance of new forces has aroused infinite curiosity. The two strongest kings on the surface have joined hands to fight again, and the high-energy confrontation is expected!

Godzilla vs king kong 2: The Rise of the Empire is directed by Adam Wingard and co-starred by,,,, Alex Fens and. The film will be released in mainland China on March 29th, 2024, and we will fight for the big screen together!

　　BEIJING, July 5 (Xinhua)-Confrontation and dialogue, conflict and compromise have always been two opposing and interdependent aspects in the international political arena. In the past six months in 2013, the global situation has been fluctuating, and there are many tense confrontations and dialogues that attract worldwide attention, from which we can find some threads of the development of the international situation.

　　The first US dollar dialogue: "No tie" lights up Sino-US diplomacy.

　　There is no 21-gun salute, no honor guard and welcoming ceremony, and there is no need to sit at the negotiating table … At the beginning of June this year, the meeting between the heads of state of China and the United States, unlike the previous "no tie", attracted the attention of Chinese people and the whole world.

　　On June 7-8, the Supreme Leader of president, China and US President Barack Obama met in California. This is the first face-to-face contact between the Chinese and American heads of state after the change of government.

　　The dialogue between the heads of state of China and the United States is very special. The meeting place was not the White House, but the picturesque California manor. The leaders of the two sides opened their shirts and collars without ties, saving all red tape. The "no tie" dialogue enabled the two heads of state to have heart-to-heart and in-depth exchanges on major issues in a relaxed and private environment.

　　In the two days, the time spent by the heads of state of China and the United States together exceeded eight hours. Diaoyu Island issue, South China Sea issue, cyber security, North Korean nuclear issue, economic cooperation … At this "no tie meeting", the two heads of state openly and frankly communicated and discussed many issues. The two sides not only talk about cooperation, but also avoid differences. The time, quality, depth and breadth of interaction are unprecedented.

　　As a result of the talks, the two heads of state agreed to work together to build a new type of relationship between China and the United States, promote the construction of a new type of military relationship between China and the United States, and respect each other and win-win cooperation. The handshake between China, the world’s largest developing country, and the leader of the world’s largest developed country, the Supreme Leader, and Obama at California Manor opened a new chapter in Sino-US "trans-Pacific cooperation".

　　Dialogue between the Korean and Korean authorities: it seems like a bright future, but the mountains are heavy.

　　In the first half of this year, the situation on the Korean Peninsula seemed to be on a "roller coaster", which rose and fell in just a few months, but suddenly turned around at the critical moment. However, even if you are willing to "talk", it is still full of twists and turns.

　　In the past few months, the situation on the peninsula has really made people sweat: North Korea conducted a nuclear test, South Korea-US military exercises, the hotline between South Korea and North Korea was cut off, North Korea restarted its nuclear reactor, and the Kaesong Industrial Park completely stopped running … All kinds of signs once made the outside world think that the Korean peninsula had reached a state of "war is imminent".

　　However, since May, North Korea has clearly expressed its willingness to talk to the international community by receiving the Japanese Prime Minister’s adviser and sending a special envoy to visit China. At the beginning of June, North Korea even abandoned its previous tough attitude and made a rare proposal for intergovernmental dialogue to South Korea.

　　The South Korean government quickly seized the opportunity of North Korea’s "goodwill". Just a few days later, the director-level working talks between the ROK and the DPRK were held in Panmunjom, paving the way for the next ministerial talks.

　　然而，就在外界看好局势发展的当口，情况却发生转折性变化。朝鲜以韩方会谈团长“级别过低”为由，单方面宣布取消原定于12日举行的当局会谈。

　　韩朝6月初的政府间对话就这样几乎在最后一刻中断，但7月4日，新的消息传来：韩朝一致同意于6日在板门店举行工作会谈。此外，朝鲜还表示愿意重返六方会谈。韩朝间看似“柳暗花明”、实则“山重水复”的沟通能否顺利继续，值得关注。

　　美国、阿富汗、塔利班：陷入“三角债”困局的谈判

　　12年前，美军进入阿富汗与塔利班武装人员作战，打响“9?11”袭击后的反恐战争“第一战”，就在历经12年战争、死伤数千人之后，阿富汗局势似乎初露和谈曙光，但却因美国、阿富汗政府、塔利班之间的“三角”纠葛搁浅。

　　6月18日，阿富汗塔利班宣布在多哈开设和谈办公室，随后有美国官员确认美方将与塔利班进行直接谈判。此举引起阿政府不满，阿总统卡尔扎伊19日宣布中止阿美《双边安全协议》协商进程，同时取消阿高级和平委员会赴多哈和谈安排。由于遭到阿政府强烈抗议，原定于20日举行的美国和塔利班首次会面被取消。

　　When the news of the talks was released, international public opinion was cautiously optimistic about it. Some analysts believe that the deep-seated reason for the delay in the negotiations is that the three parties have their own "wishful thinking", and the negotiations will be a dilemma with no end in sight.

　　Through negotiations, the United States wants the Taliban to publicly renounce its relations with Al Qaeda, end its violence in Afghanistan and recognize the Afghan Constitution. The United States should avoid giving people the impression of walking away and seek a dignified withdrawal from Afghanistan; The purpose of the Afghan government is to "woo" the Taliban, persuade them to lay down their arms, join the government-led reconciliation process, and maintain and consolidate the government’s orthodoxy and legal status; The Taliban, from the position of strength, tried to share power with the government through negotiations, so as to gain time, gradually expand and restore the Taliban regime.

　　The analysis believes that after more than 10 years of war, the balance of power among the three parties has undergone a fundamental change. Although the three parties came to the negotiating table under the banner of reconciliation process, they all wanted to get something that could not be achieved on the battlefield at the negotiating table, which doomed the negotiations to be difficult to make substantive progress.

　　Just when the negotiations ran aground, the violence cast a heavier shadow on them. On June 25, the presidential palace in Afghanistan was attacked by Taliban militants, and four armed men died in an exchange of fire with the police. This is an attack launched by the Taliban against the highest-level targets in Afghanistan since its offensive in April this year.

　　Although after the violence, US President Barack Obama and Afghan President Hamid Karzai reiterated their support for negotiations with the Afghan Taliban. However, it is still difficult to predict when the peace talks facing many variables will start. The peace process in Afghanistan remains worrying.

　　Difficult situation in Syria: domestic dialogue is hopeless and international conference is difficult to produce.

　　In the middle of 2013, the Syrian crisis, which lasted for more than two years, is still far from being resolved. Bashar al-Assad, who "sticks to" the presidency, has very different political views from the Syrian opposition. The two sides are still mired in the deadlock of confrontation and confrontation, and the road to dialogue and reconciliation is still long.

　　In January this year, Assad put forward a new peace initiative and transition plan, calling for national dialogue to end internal conflicts. However, Assad’s peace initiative did not bring dawn to the chaotic situation in Syria. The Syrian opposition said that unless Assad stepped down or did not have any preconditions, there would be no dialogue.

　　For more than half a year, the Syrian government forces and the opposition have continued to wage a tug-of-war in Syria’s major towns. The two sides have blamed each other on whether to use chemical weapons and whether to kill civilians indiscriminately. The extent to which the domestic security situation in Syria has deteriorated is not difficult to see from the latest data released by the United Nations-it is conservatively estimated that at least 93,000 people have died in the Syrian crisis.

　　In addition, the Geneva International Conference on Syria, which was expected to find a political solution to the Syrian crisis, was also delayed. Since the beginning of June, the United Nations, the United States, Russia, Syria and other parties have held many consultations, but still failed to reach an agreement on key issues such as the convening time and participants. On June 25th, the United Nations-Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria Brahimi said that the meeting scheduled for July could not be held as scheduled because the Syrian opposition was still not ready.

　　At the same time, at the beginning of June, when the war situation began to develop in favor of the Syrian government forces, more than a dozen countries, including the United States, decided to provide emergency military assistance to the opposition in Syria in order to "balance the domestic forces in Syria."

　　But there is no doubt that such a "balance" will only aggravate the antagonistic situation in Syria and make the political solution to the crisis farther away from Syria. When the two sides in Syria can start a dialogue and when the Syrian people can regain peace will remain a long-term problem.

　　Conclusion:

　　Take stock of the conversations worth reviewing in the first half of this year, including successes, failures and unresolved issues. No matter how fierce the confrontation is, "dialogue" is still a good way to solve problems and bridge the differences between the opposing sides. In the future, confrontation and conflict will inevitably continue in the international political arena, but people still hope that there will be more and more dialogues and communication in the international community in the future, injecting more "catalysts" for achieving peace and reconciliation.

-Speech at the 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Work Conference of the State Language Commission.

　　Vice Minister of Education and Director of the State Language Committee　　 Zhao qinping

　　(28 November 2006)

Dear experts and comrades,

　　The 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Conference of the State Language Commission was held here today to summarize the scientific research work of the State Language Commission and local language commissions during the 10th Five-Year Plan, discuss the 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan for the application of spoken and written languages, and study and deploy the scientific research work of the language commission system. At the same time, the 43rd national Putonghua proficiency tester qualification examination training course started here today. Putonghua training test is one of the three basic measures to promote Putonghua, which has made remarkable achievements in the past ten years. I would also like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the vast number of testers, experts and scholars who participated in testing research and comrades in various regions and industries who care about and support this cause!

　　Below I will talk about three aspects of the scientific research work on the application of language and characters in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.

　　Building a harmonious language life is the goal of language work.

　　On October 11th, 2006, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) adopted the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues in Building a Harmonious Socialist Society. The "Decision" holds that: "Social harmony is the essential attribute of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guarantee for the country’s prosperity, national rejuvenation and people’s happiness." "Social harmony is the unremitting goal of our party."

　　Language is the most important symbol system for human communication and thinking, an important part of culture and the most important cultural carrier. The attribute of language determines that language life is an important part of social life, and the harmony of language life is an important manifestation of social harmony and an important factor to promote social harmony. To build a harmonious society, language and writing workers have an important historical mission.

　　At present, China’s language life is harmonious on the whole, but there are also many problems that need to be treated scientifically and properly. For example:

　　1. The relationship between Mandarin and dialects;

　　2. The relationship between the languages of all ethnic groups in China;

　　3. The relationship between mother tongue education and foreign language learning;

　　4. Protection of endangered languages;

　　5. The relationship between the international spread of Chinese and the domestic language and writing work;

　　6. The communication of language life between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait;

　　7. Language communication among Chinese communities in the world;

　　8. Language and writing problems in virtual space in China.

　　To treat the problems in current language life scientifically and properly, we must understand the national conditions of the language. It is necessary to monitor and study the situation of language life, especially the hot issues of language life, and make a scientific analysis by setting up a national language resource monitoring and research center. It is necessary to advocate a pragmatic style of study, support the field investigation of local languages, and support the investigation and study of language life in all fields of society. We should pay attention to summing up the historical achievements of language and writing work in China, draw lessons from foreign experience reasonably, and be good at summing up the laws from today’s work practice. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of the national language policy and language standards, attach importance to the popularization of linguistic scientific achievements, actively provide high-quality language services to the society, help all sectors of society and the general public solve the language problems they encounter, and guide the language life to develop in a harmonious direction.　

　　Second, language science is the basis for doing a good job in language and writing.

　　The development of language and writing is regular, and the work of language and writing must follow the development law of language and writing. Language life is constantly developing and changing, and language work must grasp the basic situation and development trend of language life.

　　Great achievements have been made in the language and writing work in New China for more than 50 years, which has made important contributions to China’s cultural construction, scientific and educational development and economic and social progress, and also provided a solid foundation for today’s national informatization process. At the end of March this year, the meeting held by the Ministry of Education and the State Language Committee to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the publication of the State Council’s Resolution on the Simplification of Chinese Characters and the Instruction on Promoting Putonghua, and the academic seminar on the standardization of language and characters jointly held by the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Language Application of the Ministry of Education have made a good summary. Of course, there have been some mistakes in the work of language and writing in history, leaving a profound lesson. Historical practice shows that the effectiveness of language work depends on the understanding of the law of language development and the understanding of language life and its development trend. Therefore, in order to do a good job in language and writing, we must strengthen the research of language science.

　　In language science, basic research is very important, and the application research of language and writing plays a more direct role in the work of national language and writing. The basic research needs to be strengthened, but the applied research of language and writing develops late, with less achievements, which needs to be strengthened more. We should strive to form a relatively complete discipline system and education system of applied linguistics within a few years, establish a number of dynamic scientific research bases and talent training bases of applied linguistics, and cultivate a large number of applied linguistics talents with modern academic vision, innovative consciousness and compound nature to meet the needs of the country for applied linguistics. The discipline construction of applied linguistics should be put on the agenda, and a seminar on the discipline construction of applied linguistics can be held when necessary. The discipline construction of applied linguistics is more extensive than the scientific research of applied linguistics, including the construction of bases, the determination of research directions, the construction of teaching staff and the setting of degrees. From the perspective of scientific research, discipline construction emphasizes the research direction; From the perspective of personnel training, it emphasizes knowledge structure and curriculum system.

　　The country pays more and more attention to the interdisciplinary research between natural science and humanities. Applied linguistics is an applied discipline, especially with information technology, and also involves psychology, law, education and so on. In the past, the key laboratories of the Ministry of Education paid little attention to interdisciplinary subjects, especially those lacking the intersection of natural science and social science. In recent years, the country has begun to promote interdisciplinary subjects, especially the combination of natural science and social science, such as new media and digital art. Applied linguistics, especially computational linguistics, is a typical combination of information technology and linguistics. We should establish some bases in these areas, and these bases can become key laboratories of the Ministry of Education to a certain extent. I hope to see such key laboratories during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. The knowledge structure of applied linguistics talents should have at least three aspects: linguistic knowledge, interdisciplinary knowledge (such as information technology) and related cultural qualities.

　　Informatization is a subject that all countries in the world are very concerned about. Standardization and informatization of language and characters are the basis of realizing social informatization. It is important to promote the standardization and informatization of language and writing as an important task of applied linguistics research and as an important task of national language and writing work. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the introduction of modern information technology achievements into language research, into the application of social language and writing, and into the work of language and writing, so as to realize the modernization of language research means and language and writing work means.

　　 It is necessary to strengthen the research on the evaluation system of language and characters. The Putonghua training test in China has been carried out for more than ten years and has made great achievements. The proficiency test of Chinese characters is about to begin, and I believe it will also play a good social role. The Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK) for Chinese as a second language and the Chinese Proficiency Test (MSK) for ethnic minorities have been implemented successively, which has achieved good social reputation. However, we still lack the language proficiency assessment system of Chinese as the mother tongue. On the one hand, it is necessary to gradually improve the current Putonghua proficiency test and writing application ability test, and gradually adopt modern means to improve the quality and efficiency of testing and management; At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the evaluation system of language application in some important countries in the world, and strive to complete the comprehensive evaluation system of Chinese native speakers’ language ability in recent years in order to meet the needs of mother tongue education in schools at all levels and meet the needs of social industry access system and on-the-job training. This evaluation system, in cooperation with HSK and MSK, can form a complete Chinese proficiency test system in China.

　　Promoting scientific research is an important task for language committees at all levels.

　　Language and writing work is social, contemporary and academic. Especially in the current society, language concepts are diversified and language life is complicated. Language and writing management is always facing new situations and solving new problems. Therefore, it is necessary to have a solid scientific research as the foundation and a large number of experts as the backing to do a good job and improve the quality and efficiency of the work. Promoting the study of language science is an important task of language committees at all levels.

　　There are many departments concerned about language science research, and there are also many foundations involved in language research. In close contact with these departments and foundations, the State Language Committee should also formulate its own scientific research plan, set up scientific research teams and guide and coordinate the scientific research work of local language committees according to the work functions entrusted by the state. Apply for projects through multiple channels and strive for project funds. Because applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary subject, evaluation system and software construction can all apply for project funds from the science and technology department.

　　Local language and writing institutions should scientifically plan their local scientific research work, have the initiative to coordinate the local language and writing research work, and play an important role in the local language and writing research work. Local language committees should put scientific research on the agenda, incorporate it into the relevant work evaluation index system, implement the responsibility of scientific research management to people, and gradually form an incentive mechanism for language research. It is necessary to formulate scientific research plans according to local conditions, scientifically solve problems in local language life through academic research, and make contributions to the national language and writing research work. We should pay attention to the role of local universities and academic groups and rely on experts and scholars closely. It is necessary to give full play to subjective initiative, raise funds for scientific research in various ways, and comprehensively use traditional means and modern information technology to do a good job in publicizing and popularizing language policies and language norms and standards. Scientific research should be regarded as a new bright spot in the work of the Language Committee in the new period, so that the quality and management level of language and writing work in various places can be effectively improved through scientific research.

　　Comrades, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, with the efforts of national language researchers and language committees at all levels, China’s language application research has achieved fruitful results, and remarkable progress has been made in the development of language standards, information-processing-oriented language application research, tracking and monitoring of social language life, and modernization of research methods and information service means. A new situation has emerged in the national and local language and writing work, and new achievements and measures have been made in the legal construction of language and writing work, the evaluation of urban language and writing, the promotion of Putonghua, and the construction of language and writing training and evaluation system. On this basis, China’s future language and writing work, China’s future language and writing scientific research work, will certainly achieve greater results.

　　We should strive to promote the harmony of language life and contribute to the sustainable development of the country, the construction of an innovative country and the construction of a harmonious society!

　　Thank you!　

?Editor’s　Note:

Novel coronavirus is spreading around the world at an alarming rate, but we should not be surprised. Globalization has brought systemic risks. As the links between trade, finance, tourism, internet and other fields become closer and larger, they also become more complex and unstable.

Edward Lorenz, the father of chaos theory, pointed out that a butterfly flapping its wings over Brazil may trigger a tornado in Texas, USA. The increasingly integrated and complicated global economy makes it more vulnerable to the consequences of "Butterfly Defect". For example, major airport hubs are powerful promoters of the positive effects of globalization, but they are also powerful communicators of the negative effects of globalization, and one of the "public hazards" they spread is epidemic diseases.

The PUP author from Oxford University, who is to be introduced to you today, warned governments in a book published six years ago that the systemic risks brought by globalization would threaten all of us, and the next global crisis would probably stem from the widespread epidemic of a disease.

The extensive connection of people leads to health risks

The density and intensity of contact between people and between people and animals are the decisive factors for the development and spread of epidemic diseases. In 1967, Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment to quantify global connectivity. He found that people can meet any stranger through at most six people.

In 2011, Facebook analyzed its 721 million users worldwide, trying to find out how many steps it takes to establish contact between any two people. It turns out that even though users are separated by thousands of miles, any two users only need 4.7 "friends" on average to be connected.

Population growth and the expansion of travel scope, coupled with the intentional or unintentional transshipment of animals (mice on board or mosquitoes on the plane), have rapidly increased the risk of epidemic spread. As we saw in the SARS epidemic in 2003, a toxic pathogen usually only needs short contact to infect someone and spread it. This makes airplanes and international travel become vectors of disease transmission.

High concentration of people raises health risks.

In 2025, the proportion of urban population in the world is expected to rise to 70%. The population density in Tokyo is as high as 5,847 people per square kilometer, and one in every 25 people lives in a mega-city, so it is necessary to "monitor, prepare and respond to infectious diseases". This practice is very important everywhere, especially in places with high population density and poor sanitary conditions, places where people are in close contact with animals, and places where water sources are easily polluted.

The risk of agglomeration will also amplify the connectivity risk within urban agglomerations and around the world, especially because major airport hubs are often located next to these cities. If an infectious disease originated in a metropolis, it is almost impossible to stop it from spreading around the world. Large cities are also usually inhabited by floating population and businessmen connected with other continents.

Gossip and Panic —— Information Management in Epidemic Prevention and Control

Now, all kinds of information and rumors can spread almost instantaneously through the Internet and social media. With this ability, the risk of panic related to infectious diseases has also increased dramatically, which has doubled the complexity of epidemic management.

Information management is essential, because panic may systematically aggravate the danger of the epidemic: during the epidemic prevention and control period, the government needs to control the flow of people and drugs, and if people frantically buy and hoard drugs, masks and other materials out of panic at this time, many important services will be greatly affected by people’s reaction.

When trying to prevent large-scale panic, governments may also choose to suppress some important information. In the social network of the financial world, there is evidence that "individual decision makers usually pay attention to the behaviors, decisions and even beliefs of others who have social contact with them (such as the perception of risks)." It is in this sense that innovation and technology also increase the risk of infectious diseases; In addition to tangible channels of transmission, we also need to be aware of the existence of risks related to "social" infection.

Another challenge comes from the management of the dissemination of sensitive research information. For example, the debate revolves around the US government’s decision to ask the major scientific journals Nature and Science to suspend publishing research on the evolution of H5N1 influenza virus. According to Medical News Today, although these studies were finally published, they were "shelved because the international community was worried that making these data public would make it easier for terrorists to make chemical and biological weapons".

PUP content express:

The Butterfly Defect:　

How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do about It

　

Author: Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan

Publication date: October 20, 2015 (paperback edition)

ISBN:　9780691168425

Highlights of the book

The Butterfly Defect emphasizes the widening gap between the new systemic risks arising from globalization and its effective management. This book shows that the turbocharged globalization power has the potential and power to undermine the stability of our society. Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan borrowed the latest insights from various disciplines and provided practical guidance for governments, enterprises and individuals on how to better cope with globalization and its risks.

Goldin and Mariathasan proved that systemic risk problems are now ubiquitous in supply chain, epidemic, infrastructure, ecology and climate change, economy and politics. Unless we solve these problems, they will lead to greater protectionism, xenophobia, nationalism, and inevitable de-globalization, increased inequality, conflicts and slower development.

The Butterfly Defect shows that in an interconnected world, reducing uncertainty and risk is an important task for our future development.

About the author:

Ian Goldin & Mike Mariathasan

　

Ian Goldin

Dean of Martin College, Oxford University, UK, Professor of Globalization and International Development Department, Oxford University.

Mike Mariathasan

Assistant Professor, Department of Finance, University of Leuven, Belgium

　　After 70 years, India’s 200 million Dalits are still "like dirt" and it is difficult to break through the caste barrier

　　[Special correspondent of Global Times in India Zhou Liangchen Special correspondent of Global Times Zhang Xiaozhu Global Times reporter Xing Xiaotong] On the 25th, India officially welcomed Cowende, the president from the untouchable class. This is the second untouchable president in 20 years. Because Cowend’s campaign opponent is also an "untouchable", this makes many people feel that "untouchable" is getting more and more attention in India, and their spring has come. The actual situation is far from so optimistic. In the decades since Indian law abolished the caste system, although the lives of the people in Park Jung Su (also known as untouchables) at the bottom have been greatly improved, and many elites have emerged from the political and business circles, they are, after all, a very small number of the 200 million untouchables. In Indian society dominated by Hinduism, especially in rural areas, most "untouchables" are still deeply bound by traditional "hidden rules". Although the modern democratic electoral system has made "untouchables" the darling of the election season, the reality is that "someone here is not disturbed by his life experience when he becomes president, and it is embarrassing to be murdered and raped there."

　　Contrast-someone is president and someone is on hunger strike.

　　"A Da Park Jung Su has become the president of this country, but in a village in Andhra Pradesh, 300 Da Park Jung Su families are facing social exclusion." On the 25th, Cowende, who was born as a Dalit, was formally sworn in as the President of India, which was a big day for the large Dalit class. However, the website of India Today reported that more than 300 Dalit families in Andhra Pradesh began to hunger strike indefinitely on the same day to protest against discrimination by high caste groups.

　　The incident originated on April 24th when the local people in Park Jung Su erected a statue of Ambedkar (a lawyer from "Dalit" background, known as "the father of Indian Constitution"), but it was opposed by the high caste community, and the statue was removed by unidentified people within a few hours. Moreover, because Da Park Jung Su people mainly work in agriculture but have no land, high-caste landowners refuse to continue to employ them.

　　On the 26th, New Delhi TV station paid attention to the reaction of Park Jung Su community in Bonda, the northern part of Cowend’s hometown. According to the article, Cowend’s inauguration as president has hardly caused repercussions in the village of Mubarakpur, where Park Jung Su people are the majority, and everyone can’t agree whether he will bring good luck to the people of Park Jung Su. A pharmacist in Da Park Jung Su mentioned that local villagers had recently built a separation wall. According to this report, in another Da Park Jung Su village 5 kilometers away, many people still don’t know who Cowende is.

　　Not only the people in Park Jung Su who are at the bottom, but also to many Indians, Cowend is a stranger. Some analysts said that the ruling People’s Party launched Cowende in order to win the votes of the "untouchables" in the 2019 general election. After all, there are 200 million people in this group. There are "untouchables" complaining. Instead of this, it is better to let "untouchables" enter the temple and get water from the well …

　

　

　　Participation in the situation-from discrimination to violence

　　"Dalits, like the word proletariat, stand for’ oppressed people’ and have been widely used in Indian society in recent years." Manorankin Mohanty, chairman of the Institute of China Studies in India and former professor of political science at Delhi University, said in an interview with the Global Times that "the Indian Constitution explicitly opposes caste discrimination, and the law allows Dalits to enter temples and fetch water, but that is only at the legal level. The discrimination against Dalits has not been eliminated in real life."

　　About 80% of Indians believe in Hinduism, and they were born in the caste order. According to the traditional teachings of Hinduism, people of high caste are polluted just by seeing Da Park Jung Su, let alone touching it. Da Park Jung Su had to carry a bag with him when he went out in ancient times, so as not to pollute the land. If they travel during the day, they should bring a bell and ring it in advance to remind people to avoid it.

　　Even today, in some Indian rural areas, if you see someone walking with their shoes in their hands instead of on their feet, it must be Da Park Jung Su. Because "Dalits" must be barefoot when they pass through the residential areas of high castes. There are also "untouchables" who ride through high-caste residential areas and have to get off and push them.

　　Walking around the Indian countryside, you will find that many villages are composed of two parts. Outside the village is a small residential area, and this "village outside the village" is the residence of "Dalits". Ordinary villagers generally don’t visit the homes of "Dalits", and "Dalits" don’t visit the village except to provide services. The temples used by ordinary villagers do not allow "untouchables" to enter, and the wells do not allow them to use them.

　　An article in The New York Times about Indian "caste discrimination" once told a case: a grieving father reported to the police that his daughter was missing, but the police asked, "What caste are you?" When he revealed that he belonged to a low caste, the police laughed at him and gave him no attention. A few hours later, the bodies of his 12-year-old daughter and 14-year-old niece were found hanging from a tree, and both were raped.

　　According to the article, the upper castes are rarely put into prison for raping da Park Jung Su people, and if they need to defend themselves, they can always find a statement: We will never touch women with lower castes. In a case in 1995, the accusation of gang rape made by a woman in Park Jung Su was rejected by the judge on the grounds that "it is impossible for an upper-caste person to rape a lower-caste woman to get dirty".

　　According to a report of the Indian National Human Rights Commission in 2010, crimes against Da Park Jung Su people occur every 18 minutes; On average, three da Park Jung Su women are raped and two are murdered every day. Park Jung Su people are not only worried about their safety, but also their overall quality of life is quite low: about 37% of Park Jung Su people live below the poverty line, 83 out of every 1,000 children in Park Jung Su die before their first year, and 12% do not live to their fifth year.

　　According to the statistics of the National Crime Records Bureau of the Indian Ministry of Interior, from 2009 to 2015, there were about 227,000 recorded crimes against Park Jung Su people. From 2009 to 2013, there were 3,194 murders in Da Park Jung Su, and 7,849 women in Da Park Jung Su were raped. Because the defendants and their supporters (including the police) destroyed evidence, obstructed trials and threatened witnesses, the conviction rate in these cases was very low.

　

　

　　Care-decades of "reservation policy"

　　Indian society does not turn a blind eye to what happened to the Da Park Jung Su people. After India’s independence in 1947, under the vigorous advocacy of the civil rights leader of Dalit, Ambedkar, the Indian Constitution not only explicitly stipulated that caste discrimination was illegal, but also implemented a "reservation policy" for Dalit and remote tribes, that is, reserved certain places for them in government departments, state-owned enterprises and institutions of higher learning. Because these ethnic groups are listed in the schedule of the Constitution, they are called "scheduled castes" and "scheduled tribes".

　　When visiting Nehru University in India, the Global Times reporter found that the proportion of care for "list castes" here is quite large. It can be said that nearly half of the students are "disadvantaged classes" who are taken care of, and many of them are far away from their hometowns in southern or northeastern India. The common feature of these students is that they are diligent and eager to learn.

　　The reporter has a doctor friend at Nehru University, with dark skin and a belief in Buddhism. Later, it was pointed out that those people who look "very Indian" but believe in Buddhism are probably from Park Jung Su, but they rarely mention their origins, but struggle silently.

　　In order to get rid of the fate of oppression, many people in Park Jung Su changed their religious beliefs. According to statistics, nearly 90% Buddhists, 1/3 Sikhs, 1/3 Catholics and most Muslims in India were once "untouchables". But on the whole, proselytes are still a minority.

　　The Indian government has promulgated many laws for the people of Park Jung Su, such as the Civil Rights Protection Act of 1955 and the Anti-Atrocities Act of 1989. In 2015, the amendment to the Anti-Atrocities Act clearly pointed out that Da Park Jung Su people have the right to use public facilities and have the right to enter religious places of worship. If anyone intentionally interferes, it will be considered as a violation of the Anti-Atrocities Act.

　　For decades, many efforts have made great achievements, especially the "reservation policy" has played a positive role in breaking the occupational hereditary caused by the caste system and improving the social status of "untouchables". Outstanding figures from "untouchable" backgrounds appear constantly. In politics, there are two presidents, the chief justice and the speaker. Mayawati, known as the "untouchable queen", has served as the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state, for four times.

　　The attention paid to "Dalits" can be seen from this presidential election. The Indian Express said that when the chairman of the People’s Party announced Cowend as a candidate, he mentioned his caste background 15 times, and the Congress Party was forced to introduce the candidate of Da Park Jung Su. "Being a Da Park Jung Su suddenly became a virtue of Indian politics."

　　However, in the eyes of some da Park Jung Su people, once the election is over, I’m afraid no one will continue to care about their situation. Moreover, although Da Park Jung Su people have a certain proportion of seats in the legislature, there are not many people who actively speak for them. On the one hand, these politicians are limited to belonging to different parties, on the other hand, they are afraid of their high-caste superiors.

　　Caste-at the core and secretive.

　　Some Indian scholars believe that the caste system can be said to be the core of Indian society to some extent. Just because it is at the "core", it can’t be seen on the surface, and it is secretly affecting the operation of this society. The caste system is very complicated. It is related to skin color but not absolute. It is related to occupation but not absolute.

　　A reporter from Global Times once saw a doctor in a hospital in New Delhi. He met a doctor with fair skin and elegant speech. Seeing that his signature was Sharma, he was basically a Brahmin. However, in contemporary India, there are also special cases in which Hindus from lower castes convert their families to other religions or even change their surnames. Sometimes in the workplace, people will consciously dilute the traces of caste, and some people with low castes like to "hide their names", such as all calling themselves "Kumar". A reporter from Global Times called the Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to find a staff member Mr. Kumar whom he had met before. As a result, there was laughter on the other end of the phone: There are more than a dozen Kumar in our office. Which one are you looking for?

　　Caste is a sensitive topic in India. If you ask Indians, many people will say that the caste system has died out and there is no caste discrimination. Many people are even more secretive about the situation of the "untouchables" at the bottom of the caste order. Recently, Global Times reporters interviewed several Indians, including two Indian journalists and a scholar, on the issue of untouchability, but they were all declined.

　　The complexity of the caste problem in India is also reflected in the "reverse discrimination" riots that have repeatedly erupted in recent years. At the beginning of last year, a high-caste ethnic group named Jat in Haryana strongly demanded to enjoy the preferential policies given by the state to low castes. Demonstrators blocked roads, burned down vehicle buildings and destroyed water delivery channels in many parts of the state, leaving tens of millions of people in the capital area facing water shortage.

　　Mohanty told the Global Times reporter that in cities, the situation of "Dalits" is much better, and many great scholars, writers, scientists, judges and civil servants all have the background of "Dalits". But in rural areas, discrimination is still common. It is a slow process to completely eliminate caste discrimination, which can not be achieved only by introducing legal provisions, but also by creating other corresponding conditions, such as land ownership and policy decision-making power.

　　Mohanty believes that the appearance of two "Dalit" presidents is undoubtedly an incentive to the "Dalit" class and enhances their "pride", but it can’t bring them benefits. Democratic elections and the "Dalit" rights movement have contributed to promoting social equality, but there is still a long way to go to achieve the goal of "eliminating caste" proposed by Ambedkar.

In March 1957, East China Normal University will hold a large-scale academic seminar. At the request of the organizer of the conference, Qian Gurong, then a lecturer in the Chinese Department of East China Normal University, wrote the article "On Literature as Human Studies" the month before. In May of that year, this paper was published in Literature and Art Monthly (predecessor of Shanghai Literature).

On "Literature is Humanism" begins with a clear meaning-Gorky once suggested that literature should be called "Humanism". Later, Qian Gurong explained this: "We often quote Gorky’s opinion when explaining that literature must be described by people and create vivid typical images. But our understanding stops here, only knowing that we can’t take a step forward because we are stuck in emphasizing the importance of writing people. In fact, the meaning of this sentence is extremely profound. We can simply regard it as a master key to understand all literary problems. Whoever wants to go deep into the literature and art hall, whether he is a creator or a theorist, must master this key. Without this key, theorists cannot explain a series of phenomena in literature and art; If the creator forgets this key, he can’t write exciting real works of art. "

To be honest, "literature is human science" is the key to understand all literary problems. As a unique language art of human beings, how can literature settle down without "people"? This is common sense. But just because it is common sense, people tend to be ignorant of it and don’t ask for a very good solution. For example, as a proposition that anchors China’s values of modern and contemporary literature, whose mouth did "literature is a study of human" originally come from? For a long time, the academic community has been unable to agree. Even Qian Gurong, who used this key to open the door to China’s modern and contemporary literature, has experienced repeated explorations. Today, the answer he gave himself may not be convincing.

Collected Works of Qian Gurong

Qian Gurong’s initial answer was Gorky. The full text of On Literature as Human Studies is more than 30,000 words, and Gorky’s name is mentioned 33 times. The gesture of "I note the Six Classics" is self-evident. However, after reading this article, you will find that the actual effect is "six classics note me". Interestingly, as far as the view of humanitarian literature expressed by Qian Gurong is concerned, Gorky’s literary theory, which is the "Six Classics" that he quoted, that is, the "proletarian artistic authority" (Leninist), is not solid and powerful in supporting the thesis. Gorky’s theory is not completely compatible with Qian Gurong’s point of view in some specific discussion links, such as the task of literature, the motivation of literary creation, the abstraction or concreteness of people in literature, and especially the typical creative mode of literature. On the contrary, in the same article, Chernyshevski, another Russian writer cited by Qian Gurong, is in the same breath as the author.

As a matter of fact, searching for the whole paper on "Literature is a study of humanity" does not show the words "Literature is a study of humanity" or the sentences such as "Literature is a study of humanity" in the form of Gorky’s direct quotation. Looking up Gorky’s related writings and speeches, I found no such expression.

In this case, why did Qian Gurong associate "literature is human studies" with Gorky? Obviously, he equated Gorky’s suggestion that "literature is called’ humanism’" with "literature is humanism". And where does "calling literature’ human studies’" come from? Qian Gurong said: "It comes from Timofeev’s Principles of Literature." In 1953, the Principles of Literature, published by Pingming Publishing House, was mentioned in many places, and Gorky called literature a "human study". However, in this edition of Principles of Literature, Timofeyev did not annotate the origin of Gorky. It was not until 1959, that is, two years after "On Literature as Human Studies" was written, that Timofeyev indicated in the revised edition of "Principles of Literature" that Gorky’s statement came from the article "On Skills". In 1979, People’s Literature Publishing House published this article. According to this version, Gorky’s original words are not "calling literature" human studies ",but" literature is the best literature of "people’s studies" or "human studies".

It is necessary to point out that, from Gorky’s original words to Qian Gurong’s quotations, the semantics have changed a long time ago after being reported by many texts and translated in different languages. But one thing is certain, Gorky is not the original creator of "literature is human studies".

Because of this, since the publication of "On Literature as Humanism", the controversy about the real origin of "Literature as Humanism" has never stopped. As a party to the debate, Qian Gurong’s attitude has also gone through the process from "defense-persistence" to "doubt-correction" and even self-denial. Finally, he admitted that "Gorky may not have said that literature is a human study".

Of course, denying Gorky, Qian Gurong didn’t give up solving the mystery he created. He found a new answer: Dana.

How did Qian Gurong find Dana? There are related descriptions in his correspondence and interviews in his later years:

In July 2003, Qian Gurong said in a letter to literary critic Li Ling: "I remember that one day in the 1990s, I happened to read the English version of A History of English Literature written by Tanner. In the preface of the book, Tanner said in plain language:’ literature, it is the study of man’. Turner was born in 1828, 40 years earlier than Gorky. The invention right of the phrase’ literature is human studies’ should not belong to Gorky, but to Turner. "

In March, 2005, Li Shitao, a classmate from Qian Gurong, mentioned this matter again, and the expression was basically the same, adding that Dana’s History of English Literature was kept in his family.

In June 2014, Qian Gurong repeated the above words in an exclusive interview with Ma Xinfang, a reporter from Shenzhen Special Zone Daily, only emphasizing that "the book History of English Literature has always been in my family, but I didn’t read it".

Qian Gurong’s book-flipping in the 1990s was a rock-breaking event. The three key clues he came across while turning pages —— Dana, the preface of English History of English literature, and "literature, it is the study of man" —— refreshed people’s understanding of the origin of "literature is the study of man".

Danner, a famous French philosopher, historian and literary theorist, had a far-reaching influence on literary research in the 19th century. In China, Dana’s most famous literary theory work is Philosophy of Art, which was translated by Fu Lei.

The History of English Literature, written by Dana from 1864 to 1869, has no complete translation in China, and some chapters are scattered in books compiled by others. For example, the second volume of Selected Western Literary Theories edited by Wu Yifu contains the second chapter of the preface to the History of English Literature; The Interpretation of Shakespeare’s Plays compiled by Zhang Ke and Wang Yuanhua contains the "Shakespeare Theory" in the History of English Literature.

"literature, it is the study of man", according to Qian Gurong, comes from the preface of the English version of The History of English Literature. Literally, it can indeed correspond to the Chinese saying that "literature is human studies".

If we deduce from these three evidences, the invention right of "literature is human studies" will undoubtedly belong to Dana. Never thought, a new round of questioning appeared soon, and it was rigorous and powerful. In the first issue of China Social Sciences in 2010, Liu Weiqin, a professor at South-Central University for Nationalities, published a paper "Reflections on the Proposition that Literature is a Human Study", which revealed a surprising fact-the original version of Dana’s History of English Literature was in French, while Qian Gurong read the English version. The popular English version of The History of English Literature was translated by Henri Van Laun. However, Liu repeatedly read the preface of this translation, but failed to find the words "literature, it is the study of man". Liu then consulted the preface of the original French version of The History of English Literature, and failed to find a French sentence corresponding to "literature is human studies". Even the sentence closest to "literature is human" is far from its precise meaning.

What is the problem? Let’s take a closer look at Dana and his writings.

The English Version of Dana’s History of English Literature

In the history of western literary theory, Danner was deeply influenced by Comte’s positivism and Darwin’s evolution theory, and borrowed natural laws to explain literary phenomena earlier. The representative work of Dana’s literary theory is the preface to the History of English Literature. In this article, Dana systematically expounded his famous theory of "three elements" of literary development, and he advocated that literary creation is determined by three forces: race, environment and times, which constitute the "internal root", "external pressure" and "acquired momentum" of literary development. The History of English Literature takes English literature as an example to prove the theory of "three elements".

It is true that the preface of the History of English Literature can be regarded as an article on literary theory, but it should be classified into the categories of cultural anthropology and historical sociology. Because Dana pays more attention to the general mental state and national temperament that produce literary works, the writer’s psychology and character as an individual are often ignored by him. As Dana’s teacher St. Pevey commented: Mr. Dana’s research method did not touch the unique and specific individuals, and he always stayed outside, letting the so-called talents and talents escape from the mesh.

Furthermore, Dana’s research paradigm of literary theory, which pays attention to the whole nationality, runs counter to the description of "concrete, living people" in literary works advocated by Qian Gurong in On Literature as Human Studies.

Therefore, it is understandable that Qian Gurong’s new answer-Dana, which was sought by the original creator of "literature is human studies", was questioned.

A good guess, perhaps, Qian Gurong turned to another English version of the History of English Literature in the 1990s; Perhaps, in that version, the English translator has drawn up a title and added a new note for the preface of the book, and "literature, it is the study of man" is part of the title or note …

Perhaps, it’s just that Qian Gurong’s memory is biased. However, with the death of the old gentleman, these have become unsolved mysteries.

Perhaps, we should make a bolder guess: before the publication of On Literature as Human Studies, no one explicitly said that literature is human studies. As one of the most important propositions in modern and contemporary China literature, "Literature is the study of human beings" was invented by the discoverer Qian Gurong himself. Truth is largely a matter of courage. Qian Gurong found a key to understand literary problems with great theoretical courage, but his humility made him devote his time and energy to a fruitless task-to find the person who made the key.

　　BEIJING, July 30 (Xinhua)-Recently, the website of the State Railway Administration released an announcement on the investigation and handling of the K596 passenger train collision with the operator on the "6.4" Lanzhou-Xinjiang line, which pointed out the suggestions for handling the units and personnel responsible for the accident: 21 people were given disciplinary sanctions, and the judicial organs have taken compulsory measures against 3 people.

　　The details are announced as follows:

　　I. Basic information of the accident

　　1. Overview of the accident

　　At 5: 18 on June 4th, 2021, Jinchang Workshop of Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. carried out line mechanical maintenance work on the down line between Yushi and Jinchang Station of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway. Due to the temporary failure of tamping the stabilizing car, when the person in charge of the operation organized the workers to transfer to cross the railway line, the cross-line personnel collided with K596 passenger train, resulting in 9 deaths.

　　2. Overview of the accident unit

　　China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. has 16 trunk lines including Baolan High-speed Railway, Lanxin Passenger Dedicated Line, Yinxi High-speed Railway, Longhai High-speed Railway and Lanxin High-speed Railway, and 4 other branch lines, with a business mileage of 6,052 kilometers and 41 transport stations. Wuwei Works Section is its subordinate transportation station, and the line in the accident zone is maintained by Jinchang Line Workshop, a workshop under Wuwei Works Section.

　　3. The accident happened

　　According to the maintenance plan, there are two tamping stabilization vehicles working together in this maintenance operation, and the mechanical maintenance operation is carried out from east to west from K361+850 and K364+500 respectively.

　　At 2: 54 on June 4th, Zhang, deputy director of Jinchang Line Workshop in Wuwei Works Section, as the operation leader, organized the workshop participants to hold a preparatory meeting for maintenance operation, and deployed the maintenance operation organization plan and division of labor. A total of 5 employees and 18 laborers from Wuwei Works Section participated in the mechanical maintenance operation at K361+850, and Zhou was appointed as the shift leader. Because the operation area is in the curve and poor communication area, the protector responsible for the protection of the operators is adjusted to the middle protector, and the protector responsible for the emergency group is adjusted to the protector responsible for the protection of the operators.

　　At 4: 20 on June 4, according to the registration request of the station liaison officer of Wuwei Works Section, station attendant of Jade Station applied to the train dispatcher, who issued a dispatching order, blocked the downlink between Jinchang Station and Jade Station from the time of receiving the order, and allowed Wuwei Works Section to carry out line mechanical maintenance at K360+000 to K368+000, and the maintenance was completed at 7: 22.

　　At 4: 38 on June 4th, Zhang, the person in charge of the operation, led the workers to enter the protective net from the operation door on the side of K361+900 uplink, crossed the uplink and downlink, and walked along the shoulder to the K361+850 operation site.

　　At 4: 48 on June 4th, the tamping stabilizing car was moved from Jade Station to K361+850 according to the operation plan.

　　At 5: 04 on June 4, the tamping stabilized vehicle failed to continue its operation due to the oil leakage of the accumulator.

　　At 05: 09 on June 4th, the resident liaison officer informed the on-site guard that the passenger train K596 was predicted to pass the Jade Station at 05: 10.

　　At 5: 15 on June 4th, Wang, the site protector of tamping stabilizing vehicle, confirmed that he had received the approaching information of passenger train K596 twice.

　　At 5: 16 on June 4th, it was confirmed that the fault of the tamping stabilization vehicle could not be repaired and the operation could not be continued. The person in charge of the operation, Zhang, issued an instruction for the operators to transfer to the operation site K364+500, arranged for the shift leader, Zhou, to lead 15 operators to cross the uplink and downlink lines, and went out of the protective net from the operation gate K361+900 to take a bus to K364+500 to participate in the operation. Wang, the protector who originally followed the tamping stabilization vehicle for mobile protection, was appointed to be responsible for the transfer and crossover After that, the protector Wang and the shift leader Zhou led 15 workers to the shoulder of the road at the 5-meter position (K361+820) on the east side of the faulty tamping stabilization vehicle. During the preparation for crossing the line, the person in charge of the operation, Zhang, urged the crossing line three times.

　　At 5: 18 on June 4, Wang, who was in charge of the protection of the operators, was still jointly controlling the position of the K596 passenger train with the middle protector. In the case that the middle protector did not answer, he did not issue an order prohibiting crossing the line and did not stop the personnel from crossing the line. Zhou, the shift leader, blindly organized the cross-line personnel to cross the line without confirming whether the train passed. Because the lookout line was blocked by the faulty tamping and stabilizing vehicle, the crossing personnel did not see the approaching K596 passenger train before crossing the line. During crossing the uplink, they collided with the passing K596 passenger train, and nine workers died on the spot. Three workers have crossed the uplink, and the other three workers were blocked by the shift leader Zhou.

　　Second, the emergency response

　　After the accident, the co-driver of K596 passenger train, the vehicle attendant and the police immediately got off the train to check the scene of the accident. The driver immediately reported to Jinchang Station and called 120 and 110 for rescue and alarm. After receiving the report, the station immediately organized the police officers of Jinchang station police station and other relevant personnel to rush to the scene of the accident to carry out rescue work for the collision personnel. Confirmed by 120 medical staff, 9 people were killed and others were not injured. After on-site disposal, K596 passenger train started at 6: 43.

　　After receiving the accident report, China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd., the main person in charge led the relevant personnel to the scene of the accident for emergency and after-treatment work.

　　After receiving the accident report, China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. immediately rushed to the emergency command center to direct emergency rescue, and assigned a deputy general manager to lead a team to rush to the scene of the accident to guide Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. to carry out emergency rescue, after-care treatment, safety and stability, and cooperate with accident investigation.

　　The main person in charge of Lanzhou Railway Public Security Bureau rushed to the scene of the accident, organized and dispatched 120 police officers, set up 8 working groups, and devoted themselves to on-site maintenance, exploration and after-treatment work.

　　After receiving the accident report, Lanzhou Railway Supervision and Administration Bureau immediately launched the emergency plan, and the main person in charge led the relevant personnel to the scene of the accident to guide the accident rescue, and set up an accident investigation team to carry out the accident investigation.

　　The Gansu Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government attached great importance to it, and assigned provincial government leaders to rush to the scene to guide Jinchang Municipal Party Committee and Wuwei Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government to fully cooperate with the railway department to carry out the aftermath and family comfort and condolences.

　　The emergency management department sent personnel to the scene of the accident to guide the emergency treatment and accident investigation.

　　Iii. Casualties caused by the accident

　　Nine workers were killed and no one was injured in the accident.

　　Four, the cause and nature of the accident, responsibility identification

　　1. The direct cause of the accident

　　During the maintenance operation, the tamping stabilizing car broke down, and the direct causes of the accident were blind command, incomplete joint control, field protection failure and illegal crossing of the line during the transition and crossing of the line.

　　(1) The foremen violate Article 54 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Work Safety, Article 5 of the Regulations on Railway Safety Management and Article 3.2.2 of the Rules for the Safety Management of Railway Works (TZY [2014] No.272) "When crossing a bridge, crossing or crossing a line, they should ‘ Hand-to-hand, eye-to-eye, mouth-to-mouth ’ , do ‘ One stop, two looks, three passes ’ , it is forbidden to cross the line ",Article 6 of Labor Safety Card Control Measures for General Speed Railway of Public Works Department of Lanzhou Bureau Group Company (Gong ‘an Letter [2020] No.66):" It is forbidden to cross the line blindly without confirming the arrival of cars on this line or adjacent lines ",and Article 68:" Before the operators get on the road and cross the line, they should choose a place with good lookout conditions to cross the line ".When leading the operators to cross the line, there are no regulations.

　　(2) On-site guards violated Article 54 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Work Safety, Article 5 of the Regulations on Railway Safety Management and Article 24 of the Labor Safety Card Control Measures for General-speed Railways in the Public Works Department of Lanzhou Bureau Group Corporation (Gong ‘an Letter [2020] No.66): "The guards should concentrate on their work, look carefully, correctly display and use signal spare parts, and accurately grasp the train operation. Timely and clearly inform all the operation leaders and foremen of the advance notice of each train heading for the operation site, supervise the operators (machines and tools) to get off the train in time when starting, and so on. When knowing that the K596 train is approaching and the joint control has not been answered and confirmed to be safe, it has not issued an instruction to prohibit crossing the line and has not prevented the crossing personnel from crossing the line.

　　(3) The person in charge of the operation violates Article 54 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Safety in Production, Article 5 of the Regulations on Railway Safety Management and Article 19 of the Measures for the Safety Management of Railway Business Lines (Tieyun [2012] No.280): "The main duties of the person in charge of the construction are: to be responsible for organizing and directing the construction site, directing the on-site construction, arranging construction protection and confirming the conditions for releasing the train; Responsible for summarizing and analyzing the construction organization, progress and safety, and being responsible for the safety of the construction site ",etc., did not arrange safety precautions for crossing the line, did not comply with the on-site protection regulations, and blindly urged the transition personnel to cross the line.

　　2. Identification of the nature and responsibility of the accident

　　According to Article 11 of the Regulations on Emergency Rescue and Investigation and Handling of Railway Traffic Accidents (Order No.501 of the State Council) and Articles 10 and 49 of the Rules on Investigation and Handling of Railway Traffic Accidents (Order No.30 of the Ministry of Railways), this accident is a serious accident of railway traffic, and China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. takes full responsibility.

　　V. Suggestions on handling the units and personnel responsible for the accident

　　1. Persons whose judicial organs have taken compulsory measures (3 persons)

　　Three people, including Zhou, the operator, Wang, the site protector, and Zhang, the person in charge of the operation, have been arrested according to law.

　　2. Give disciplinary action personnel (21 people)

　　(1) The secretary of the Party Committee and the chairman of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. were given administrative demerits.

　　(2) The deputy secretary of the Party Committee and the general manager of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. were given administrative demerits.

　　(3) The deputy general manager in charge of public works of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was severely warned by the party.

　　(4) The deputy director in charge of overall work of the Public Works Department of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was ordered to resign, and the administrative record was severely punished.

　　(5) The director of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd., who is in charge of this maintenance operation, was removed from office and the administrative record was severely punished.

　　(6) The chief of the Safety and Quality Section of the Ministry of Works of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was dismissed and the administrative record was greater than the punishment.

　　(7) The deputy chief of the Safety and Quality Section of the Ministry of Works of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd., who is in charge of labor safety and protection, was dismissed and the administrative record was given greater punishment.

　　(8) The chief of the line section of the Ministry of Works of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was dismissed, the probation period was terminated, and the administrative record was severely punished.

　　(9) The deputy secretary and section chief of the Party Committee of Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. were removed from office, and the administrative record was severely punished.

　　(10) The party secretary and deputy section chief of Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. were removed from office, and the administrative record was severely punished.

　　(11) The deputy section chief in charge of line maintenance in Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. terminated the probation period and was severely warned by the party.

　　(12) The administrative record of the deputy section chief in charge of labor safety and protection in Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was severely punished.

　　(13) The chief of the security section of Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was dismissed from his post.

　　(14) The administrative record of the assistant engineer in charge of the safety section of Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was severely punished.

　　(15) The head of the line section of Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was dismissed.

　　(16) The administrative record of the deputy section chief of the line section of Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was severely punished.

　　(17) The line section of Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. is responsible for the administrative demerit of the line maintenance engineer.

　　(18) The director of Jinchang Line Workshop in Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was dismissed.

　　(19) The General Party Branch Secretary of Jinchang Line Workshop in Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was dismissed.

　　(20) The deputy director in charge of Jinchang Line Workshop in Wuwei Works Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was dismissed.

　　(21) The deputy section chief in charge of equipment of Lanzhou Works Machinery Section of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. was given an administrative demerit.

　　3. Suggestions on the handling of the unit

　　Instructed China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. to make an in-depth inspection to China National Railway Group Co., Ltd.

　　Six, the problems exposed by the accident

　　1. The field operation standards are not implemented in place.The basic operation system of Wuwei Works Section is not implemented. First, the on-site protection personnel and foremen have a weak sense of safety, fail to implement the operating standards thoroughly, and fail to perform their duties as required. Second, the person in charge of the operation did not direct the operation according to the existing plan, and illegally changed the plan temporarily and changed the protection and shift personnel. Third, the abnormal emergency response was not in place. When the tamping stabilizing vehicle broke down and organized the transition and cross-line operation, the emergency response plan and safety precautions were not formulated.

　　2. On-site operation safety risk control is not in place.Wuwei Works Section did not carry out safety risk prediction in combination with the actual situation of the job site. First, no targeted measures have been formulated for the need to cross the uplink without working doors in the downlink. Second, the card control measures are not formulated in combination with the problem that the construction site is in a continuous curve section and the line of sight of safety protection is limited. Third, there are loopholes in the construction protection scheme, the joint control link is too complicated, the information transmission is lengthy, the intercom channel is busy, there are key traffic information missing, and the transmission chain is unstable.

　　3. Maintenance operation management is not in place.The relevant departments of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and Wuwei Works Section failed to implement the maintenance operation standards of the business line organized by the workshop, and the on-site control was not in place, and the business guidance, supervision and inspection were not in place. Wuwei Works Section failed to organize safety education and training for laborers involved in the operation as required.

　　Seven, accident prevention and rectification measures.

　　In order to draw a profound lesson from the accident, draw inferences from others, effectively prevent and resolutely curb similar accidents, the following rectification measures and suggestions are put forward for China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd.:

　　1. Firmly establish the safety concept of safety first and life first.

　　We must conscientiously implement the spirit of the important exposition and instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on safety production, adhere to the people first and life first, adhere to the red line consciousness and bottom line thinking, firmly establish the concept of safe development, effectively improve the political position, deeply understand the grim situation facing the current railway safety work, implement the main responsibility of safety production, strengthen risk judgment and hidden danger investigation and management, quickly reverse the passive situation of safety production, and resolutely curb the occurrence of similar accidents.

　　2. Deeply draw lessons from the accident and immediately carry out special rectification of business line construction.

　　It is necessary to draw a profound lesson from the accident, immediately organize the special rectification of the construction safety of business lines, benchmark the regulations in the whole process from the aspects of construction organization and leadership, construction scheme review, construction plan preparation and approval, safety agreement signing, personnel training, etc., comprehensively investigate the problems such as non-implementation of on-site operation standards, irregular organization, non-implementation of protective measures, illegal entry and exit during operation, strengthen the on-site supervision and control of cadres, give play to the role of scientific and technological means such as remote monitoring, increase supervision and assessment, and compact safety responsibilities.

　　3. Strengthen the construction safety infrastructure and improve the construction safety prevention ability.

　　In view of the problems exposed by the accident, scientifically analyze and judge the weak links in railway safety management, and make up for the shortcomings of on-site safety management by strengthening the means of "civil air defense, physical defense and technical defense" to improve the ability of on-site safety management and control. It is necessary to strictly carry out training for construction workers and management personnel in business lines in different levels and grades, strengthen the management and training of labor and employment, establish and improve the responsibility system of "self-control, mutual control and other control" for operation safety, and strengthen the safety monitoring and control of construction operations in key time periods, key lots and key links to ensure traffic, personal and construction safety.

　　4. Strengthen the daily management of business line construction and improve the rules and regulations.

　　It is necessary to improve the construction safety management system of business lines, implement the professional management responsibility of business line construction, improve the construction safety risk prevention and pre-judgment mechanism and abnormal emergency response mechanism, analyze and judge potential risks according to different construction characteristics, formulate emergency response plans, improve emergency response and risk prevention capabilities, and ensure safety.