CCTV News:"This is a carved hollow movement I recently designed, which incorporates some traditional China culture … …” Li Jiaqi, director of the technical center of Tianjin Seagull Watch Group Co., Ltd., is communicating with colleagues with a watch movement. Once an ordinary watch is carefully crafted by Li Jiaqi, it is not only a precise instrument to show time, but also a work of art, history and culture.

As a national watchmaker, for more than 30 years, Li Jiaqi has always pursued the ultimate and adhered to his ingenuity. While accompanying the growth of Seagull Watch, he also carved his own life.

Diligence and perseverance make the dream of a watch craftsman come true.

In 1981, 18-year-old Li Jiaqi came to Tianjin Watch Factory and opened it from that moment on.heThe prelude from an ordinary worker to an excellent craftsman.

After entering the workplace, Li Jiaqi understood every word and action of the masters with his heart. In Li Jiaqi’s view, what he learned from his predecessors is not only professional technology, but also the cultural heritage of Excellence and diligence and innovation.

In 2001, the company decided to send young employees to attend the training course of numerical control theory, and Li Jiaqi volunteered after learning about it. Because of his older age, Li Jiaqi used his spare time to do his homework to make up for his age weakness with diligence. In the end, Li Jiaqi lived up to expectations and was sent to Switzerland to study with excellent results.

In 2003, Li Jiaqi developed the first real hollowed-out watch in the domestic watch industry, from modeling design, programming, equipment debugging, sample trial production, manual polishing to final movement assembly, all of which were completed by him personally. This watch is favored by the market for its transparent visual effect and fine hand polishing. Since the movement came out, the average annual order quantity is several hundred thousand pieces, and its price is nearly 2 times higher than that of the same non-hollowed movement.

Carved and hollowed-out watches occupy a very important position in the watch family. In 2005, Li Jiaqi successfully completed the design and manufacture of the first tourbillon carved and hollowed-out watch in China, and this product won the gold medal of the first "Intellectual Property Cup" product design competition in Tianjin and the patent bonus award of the Tianjin municipal government. On this basis, he also designed and manufactured the first double tourbillon carved and hollowed-out watch in China, and won the "Binhai New Area International Industrial Design Government Jingwei Award".

Double tourbillon carved and hollowed-out watch is a high-end complex mechanical watch, which perfectly combines the elements of China classical auspicious clouds with the elements of western vines and becomes a beautiful landscape in the domestic watch market. This watch is limited to 90 pieces, and the price is RMB 220,000. The 10x movement model of this watch was exhibited at the first World Expo in Shanghai, China.

Strive for Excellence to build the Chinese core of watches

Li Jiaqi’s work and life are completely integrated. In his spare time, he will take pictures of every pattern he thinks is valuable with his mobile phone and record every moment of inspiration with a pen.

Li Jiaqi believes that culture is the soul of products. As a watchmaker, he should not only be rigorous and dedicated in his work, but also have the ability to innovate in his work, so that every watch made by him has innovation.

On the outer wall of Li Jiaqi’s studio, there is an enlarged view of the watch design of the Zodiac Tiger. This design with Chinese historical and cultural connotations is his masterpiece. "This is a tourbillon watch, surrounded by a common pattern in China’s classical works, called palindromes, which means happiness is continuous. I transformed it into ‘ SG’ The words, which is the English abbreviation of seagull watch brand. " Li Jiaqi introduced.

By chance, jiefang bridge on the Haihe River in Tianjin also inspired Li Jiaqi’s creation. On the movement with a diameter of only 37 mm, the miniature jiefang bridge can achieve the same opening function as the real thing by gear transmission, and each opening and closing time is 6 minutes. In addition, the highlight of this watch is that it not only shows the unique historical features and cultural characteristics of Tianjin, but also vividly reproduces the famous classic bridge spanning the Haihe River for 90 years. It is also the first watch with dynamic patterns on the watch surface in the history of seagull watchmaking. This watch has been shown at China Shenzhen Watch Fair, Hong Kong Watch Fair and Basel International Watch Expo, attracting great attention from peers and customers.

Participated in the research and development of China’s first two-question table in Li Jiaqi.(In the whole 18th century, the two-question meter was the main type of inquiry meter. The two-question meter could give out two different tones, namely "time" and "quarter (15 minutes)", which came in handy when the time could not be recognized in the dark. )In the process, he was deeply impressed by the machining process of a part. Its length was less than 1.2mm, its width was 0.5mm, and there was a hole with a diameter of 0.3mm on it, which was equivalent to a quarter of the size of a sesame. The shape tolerance of this part required 0.02mm, which was equivalent to a quarter of the diameter of hair, so it was difficult to machine it. To this end, he and his colleagues forgot to eat and sleep, and fought continuously. It took only one week to develop a whole new processing technology.

Today, dozens of carved and hollowed-out watches designed and manufactured by Li Jiaqi have participated in the Basel exhibition in Switzerland, which is known as the international watch feast. Now he has 108 national authorized patents, including utility models. Li Jiaqi often said: "Love and dedication is the foundation of craftsman spirit, a virtue, and an attitude towards career and occupation. No matter what kind of occupation you are engaged in, you must be dedicated. Only by being dedicated can you achieve your career."

The craftsman’s way of carrying forward the past and spreading the fire.

"As the technical backbone of the enterprise, it is my duty to make every effort to pass on the craftsman spirit from generation to generation." Li Jiaqi often said, "Doing this business means learning, accumulating, and re-imparting. I, who grew up with the help of the older generation, can best understand ‘ Mentoring band ’ The importance of. "

Over the years, Li Jiaqi has not only been constantly learning to improve his skills and cultural quality, but also set an example, carried forward the fine tradition of "mentoring" in enterprises, and carefully trained a group of professional and technical backbones. While he taught his craft, he also conveyed the spirit of patience, concentration and persistence, which is also the trait that all craftsmen must have.

At present, there are apprentices brought out by Li Jiaqi in both corporate headquarters and branches, and most of them are the backbone of key positions. Li Jiaqi is deeply gratified to see that young talents are constantly emerging in the enterprise and the ranks of craftsmen are growing. Now his dream is to label "Made in China" on "World Famous Products".

　　Dong Jun Gong

　　In the college entrance examination season in June, students from all over the country charged the university. Throughout the ages, it is quite difficult to stand out in a wide range of examination selection. When it comes to the ancient examination system, people generally think of the imperial examination system. In fact, the imperial examination system, which was popular in the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, is no less difficult than the imperial examination system. After evolution, this system gradually transited from "taking people by virtue" and "taking people by name" to "taking people by articles", and gradually changed from personal recommendation to unified examination. The reason for this change is that under the situation of "one in a million", the unified examination of "judging people by their articles" can ensure fairness to the greatest extent.

　　In Qing Dynasty, Liang Yi painted "Guanbang Tujuan"

　　Difficult subject

　　Emphasize the morality of Confucian classics

　　The imperial examination system, which was established in the Western Han Dynasty, passed through the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and was replaced by the imperial examination system in the Sui Dynasty. It has existed for more than 780 years in the history of China, and it is one of the most important official selection systems. The procuratorial system selects talents to be officials by means of inspection and recommendation. After the implementation of Chaju in Emperor Gao of the Western Han Dynasty, after continuous improvement and revision in Wen Jingwu’s three dynasties, a hundred schools of Confucianism were ousted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and a relatively complete inspection subject was gradually established, which is the so-called "four subjects" in later generations, namely: filial piety, virtue, scholar and different subjects. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of Emperor Liu Xiu, the scholar was changed to Mao Cai. These subjects are not difficult to understand today. Filial piety is a filial people and a relatively honest official. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was collectively called filial piety. Virtuous and scholar are roughly literal, focusing on Confucian cultivation and moral conduct. Different subjects are talents in astronomy, calendar, financial management, water control and grain storage. It can be said that the early inspection focused on the study of classics and morality, but relatively little on the skills needed for government operation.

　　Why is this happening? It’s not that that era didn’t pay attention to technical talents, which was caused by specific historical conditions. On the one hand, Confucianism catered to the emperor’s idea of ruling the world at that time, on the other hand, Confucianism had a more perfect theory of governing the country by the family than other theories. After it became a political theory adopted by the rulers, the selection of officials was carried out according to the standards required by Confucianism.

　　For example, filial piety, the core subject of Chaju, has a cornerstone significance in Confucian ethics. In addition to Emperor Liu Bang and Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu, emperors of the Han Dynasty all carried the word "filial piety" after their death in posthumous title. Then, from top to bottom, filial piety has also become the primary standard for scholars. However, when it comes to Chaju, it is not particularly serious whether an individual really has filial piety, as long as it conforms to the general ethics, and there is no need for excessive filial piety like Wang Xiang’s lying on the ice seeking carp or Guo Ju’s burying his son. For example, Shi Dan, the minister of Yuan Dynasty, Cheng Dynasty and Ai Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty, was called Xiao Lian when he was young, and his filial piety was not specifically recorded in The Biography of Shi Dan in Hanshu. The real reason for being chaju is that he studied under Kuang Heng, a master of Confucian classics, specializing in the Book of Songs, one of the five Confucian classics, and his accomplishments in Confucian classics are very profound.

　　At that time, Confucian classics was the stepping stone to be an official. Under the strong stimulation of the procuratorial system, Confucian scholars everywhere devoted themselves to the study of Confucian classics with unprecedented passion. The wind of learning Confucianism in Shandong is particularly strong. In Dongping, there was a master Confucian named Xiahou Sheng, who was proficient in Shangshu. Later, the official was a teacher and was deeply respected by Emperor Xuandi of Han Dynasty. He lived to be 90 years old. After his death, the Queen Mother personally gave him 2 million yuan for his funeral, and all Confucian scholars in the world followed his example. Xiahou Sheng often teaches his students, saying, "If you have a clear understanding of the art, you will get blue and purple, which is like a handful of mustard ears. If you don’t know the classics, it’s better to go back to farming. " It’s easy to learn the Five Classics well, but it’s better to go home and farm if you don’t learn well. Although this statement is a bit too materialistic, it really hit the point that the imperial examination system at that time was mainly based on Confucianism, so it became the consensus of Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty.

　　However, will it lead to the weakening of the skills of the talent team if we just focus on the Five Classics? The answer is yes. In the Han Dynasty, the inspection of the officials of grammar has been carried out simultaneously, and professional skills such as "the skill of the first king in the Ming Dynasty", "the disaster of Yin and Yang in the Ming Dynasty", "the doctor", "the man who knows the art of war" and "managing the prison" have been introduced, and a certain number of officials have been selected to meet the needs of government operation. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped the political power to punish the shortcomings of the abnormal emphasis on Confucian classics in the Yuan Dynasty, and suddenly launched a series of new subjects, such as notifying Yijing, ancient records, astronomy, calendar calculation, clock rhythm, primary school, history, alchemy, materia medica, etc., which were recommended by thousands of people all over the country at once, setting the highest in the Han Dynasty. Wang Mang is notorious for usurping the Han Dynasty, but his reform measures are not all groundless, and some are also adjustments made for social problems. Later, Liu Xiu recreated Liu Han, and some of Wang Mang’s practices were changed and retained, such as Yin-Yang studies, celestial calendar calculations, laws and so on, which were all inherited.

　　Wei Ji, minister of Cao Weishi, wrote that there were too few judges selected in the inspection, and it was not enough to rely on the limited annual supplement, and the social orientation was wrong, which was biased against the judges. Wei Ji said: "Criminals are contemptible; The jailer, and the user is humble. " Emperor Cao Wei attached great importance to this proposal, so he set up a doctor of law in Tingwei Department as a supplement to the inspection. In modern terms, it is probably called "training by industry". Later, they became accustomed to each other and continued until the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

　　Fewer places

　　One in 200,000 people.

　　According to the inspection system, the vast majority of those who are inspected can be officials, which was called "releasing brown" in ancient times, that is, taking off the cloth and wearing the official uniform of "wearing purple and yellow". Because of its good prospects, it is very difficult to be selected.

　　The first difficulty is that there are too few places. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, each county and country inspected two people every year. The country was a vassal state set up by the princes of the Western Han Dynasty. After the deduction, the number of counties owned by the vassal state was slightly less than that of counties, which was roughly the same as that of counties. The number of counties and countries in the Western Han Dynasty increased with the increasing population, with 103 counties and countries in the Han Dynasty. Roughly speaking, there are only 206 examiners in China every year. Not only less, but also unfair. The population distribution among counties and countries is uneven. For example, there are as many as 2.596 million people in Runan County (now Zhumadian, Henan Province, south of Zhoukou), while there are only 219,000 people in Jiangxia County (now east of Wuhan, Hubei Province), with a difference of more than ten times, but the number of people in Chaju is two. Later, the Eastern Han Dynasty made adjustments. According to the head count, every 200,000 people were inspected once a year, small counties with less than 200,000 people were inspected once every two years, and pocket counties with less than 100,000 people were inspected once every three years. In addition, we will take care of the border areas. In the border counties, there will be one person in three years with less than 50,000 people, one person in two years with less than 100,000 people, and one person in each year with more than 100,000 people. Even according to this ratio, the peak population of the Eastern Han Dynasty is about 50 million, and the number of Chaju people is between 250 and 300. 200,000 people choose one, which is fierce competition.

　　Secondly, the difficulty lies in the selection method. The implementer of the inspection tour is called the advocate, and is generally filled by the chiefs of the three offices and nine ministries, as well as senior officials such as the county chief. The selection method is mainly based on usual understanding and face-to-face conversation. This means that ordinary people want to enter the sight of the Lord, or they are always very virtuous and talented, and their reputation is far-reaching, so as to attract the attention of senior officials and dignitaries. Otherwise, the fragrance of wine is afraid of the depth of the alley, and even if it is full of knowledge, it will inevitably be buried for life. In order to make the investigation well-founded, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote a letter to clarify four specific standards: first, noble virtue, innocent ambition; The second is to learn to practice, and to be a doctor in the middle school; Third, the Ming-da law is enough to make a decision, to ask questions about the case, and to make suggestions in the text; Fourth, he is resolute and resourceful, and he is not confused by things, and he is clear enough to make a decision before he is appointed as a third assistant. Although it is still a little more ambitious and lacks practical skills, it has made great progress than the Western Han Dynasty. Because Liu Xiu started from the bottom, he paid more attention to practical ability. However, the top-level design is good. When it is used, the emperor can’t always pay attention to the grassroots. The actual selection of the inspection is mostly operated by the county guards, and people who rely on impressions and relationships are everywhere.

　　According to Ying Shao’s "Customs Pass" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a sheriff named V Shigong who took care of his "same age" when he was in Chaju, that is, his colleague who was an official in Chaju in the same year. The Fifth Duke worked as a satrap in Guanghan, and the eldest son of Uncle Liao, Duan Jiu, who was the same age as Situ Changshi, went to Nanyang as a satrap. He also took Cai Yan, the younger brother and son of Cai Boqi, the satrap of Donglai, as officials. Uncle Duan Liao’s family had two sons, the eldest son Duan was dull and mediocre, while the second son Duan Kun was outstanding. The fifth generation of the public recommended the bad and eliminated the good, probably to solve the problem of the eldest son’s career advancement for Duan’s family. The Cai family has produced two filial piety for two years in a row. How can it not be criticized when the number of places in the inspection is so small? Cai Zan was fourteen years old, and he was not qualified for the official position at all. In order to avoid revealing the facts, the Cai family made him say that he was ill. After four years, at the age of eighteen, he was appointed as Pingchun Chang (the county magistrate of a small county). He had no work experience and had to write to ask for a new post of Suwei.

　　There are many frauds

　　Examination system to prevent corruption

　　In the Han Dynasty, the children of civilians were limited by the number of places and methods, so it was difficult to be inspected, and it was normal to leave pearls in the wild. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, due to the great development of the gentry class, Confucianism temporarily fell into a low tide, and the evaluation system marked by the Nine-grade Official Law sprang up suddenly. There were no poor people in the top grade and no gentry in the bottom grade, and the qualification of inspection was basically monopolized by the gentry. It was even more difficult for ordinary people to be an official through inspection. Some people of insight realized the problem and began to carry out reforms.

　　The symbolic reform is the Yangjia new system initiated by Zuo Xiong, the minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The first year of Emperor Shundi Yangjia in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 132) was the 107th year of the founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Over the past hundred years, the aristocratic strongmen became more and more powerful, and the procuratorial system was influenced by the aristocratic strongmen. The phenomenon of favoritism, trust between your officials and unfairness in procuratorial work became more and more serious, and bureaucratic families such as four generations, three generations and three generations appeared frequently. Some honest officials came forward to oppose cheating in the inspection and almost paid the price of their lives. For example, Shi Bi, the chief of Hedong County, flatly refused Hou Lan’s request for help, and also killed the person who sent a message to Hou Lan as an example, resolutely defending the fundamental principle of "choosing people to serve the country" in the procuratorial system. Hou Lan became angry from embarrassment, colluded with senior officials such as Si Li, a captain and Ting Wei, put Shi Bi on death row and abandoned the city on charges (that is, put to death in public). Fortunately, a man named Wei Shao, Xiao Lian, felt sorry for Shi Bi’s integrity and sold his property to raise money to bribe Hou Lan, so as to be exempted from Shi Bi’s capital crime.

　　This extreme event was a big outbreak of the drawbacks of the procuratorial system in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which forced the Han court to make adjustments. Shangshu ordered Zuo Xiong to change the inspection system. There are two core policies: First, set an age limit. Generally, the object of inspection should be at least 40 years old. If it is true that "there are talents in different professions", you can also make an exception. The second is to establish an examination system, "all students try their best to learn the family law, and officials teach notes." This means that Confucian scholars should examine Confucian classics, while literati should examine the skills of writing chapters and laws.

　　The age limit is not unusual, and the examination system is a milestone breakthrough in the inspection system. In the Western Han Dynasty, there were occasional examinations on Confucian classics, but they were sporadic and rare, and any emperor held them once on a whim, and there was no definite law. Zuo Xiong established it as a law, which greatly increased the certainty and regularity of operation, so that everyone could compete according to a relatively clear rule. This article is to prevent the powerful families from hooking up with each other and asking for help. After the implementation of the new Yangjia system, Zuo Xiong personally checked the implementation of each county. Because Jiyin County rashly recommended a filial piety who was under 40, Zuo Xiong initiated a check and rectification, and dismissed more than ten officials, including Hu Guang, the satrap of Jiyin who violated the inspection system. After that, all localities were afraid of it for more than ten years, and the inspection atmosphere in the Han Dynasty was one of them.

　　The system of "Nine Grades" is a reform made by Cao Wei in another direction. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a bad tendency, that is, to raise officials by name. In order to win the attention of officials, many people do whatever it takes to create filial piety, talent and so-called festivals to attract the attention of officials. For example, there were three brothers, Xu Jing, Xu Yan and Xu Pu, in Huiji County during the Han and Emperor Dynasties. Xu Jing thought of a clever plan to make all three brothers win high fame. He occupied the fertile farmland mansion and a large number of slaves at home, and his two younger brothers earned very little, which earned him the reputation of "Kerang" and was recommended by the county. Xu Jing then returned the property of his two younger brothers three times, which in turn won the name of filial friend. He actually succeeded in deceiving the county chief and was also recommended. This kind of filth has seriously damaged the atmosphere of inspection and examination, and its root lies in the fact that the right to evaluate the reputation of scholars is exercised by the people, and the official can’t control it, which leads to oversight. Jiupin Zhengzhi system was established to correct this deviation, and its system soul is to set up Zhengzhi officials in various counties and counties, and to take the scholars’ evaluation power back to the official. It’s just that this system is born with the gene of serving the gentry. After its implementation, it has not only failed to get rid of the disadvantages of choosing scholars by name, but has become a tool to safeguard the privileges of the gentry, which is a big violation of the original intention of the inspection.

　　There were also some reforms in the procuratorial system in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but the direction became clearer and clearer. Taking people by virtue and fame is becoming secondary because of strong subjectivity, while taking people by literature and taking people by ability is becoming more and more important, especially in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In the Southern Dynasties, the system of strategic examination and examination was established, the procedure of selecting officials was more and more rigorous, and the examination direction was more and more focused on practice and literary talent, which was the embryonic form of the imperial examination system.

　　For a long time, judicial expertise is time-consuming, laborious and costly, which has been criticized by both parties and judges.

　　In order to do judicial expertise, the parties often need to go back and forth to the court and supplement the materials many times. The information of the appraisal institution is opaque, and the appraisal results often cause doubts, which has become a major pain point affecting the judicial credibility. For judges, it takes a long time to wait for expert opinions, and the expert results are not accepted, which restricts the improvement of the quality and efficiency of handling cases. Some judges said frankly, "Can you try not to do it without making an appraisal?" The quality and effectiveness of judicial expertise has become a "middle obstacle" in the process of handling cases.

　　The reporter of "Legal Daily" learned today from the Intermediate People’s Court of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province that Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court actively explored the management of judicial expertise institutions and the reform of judicial expertise processes, which improved the efficiency of judicial expertise, optimized the quality of judicial expertise, and solved the double troubles of judges and parties.

　　Since July 20th this year, Hangzhou has promoted the online judicial expertise platform in 15 courts in the city. At present, there are 206 professional institutions registered on the online judicial authentication platform of Hangzhou court, 996 accounts entrusted by the judicial authentication are registered online, 2,141 cases of authentication and evaluation are submitted, and 1,260 cases are closed. The average time for closing the case has been shortened from more than two months offline to 30 days.

　　Yu Lili is a front-line post judge in Yuhang District People’s Court. The promotion of online platform has brought a lot of convenience to her work. She lamented: "In the past, when a judge wanted to make an appraisal, he had to hand over the appraisal materials to the department in charge of external entrustment, and then this department entrusted the appraisal institution. Because of insufficient constraints and insufficient motivation of the appraisal institution, it was hard to say when the appraisal result would come back. The case was limited by the trial limit, and the judge was dragged into such a hurry!"

　　It is understood that now, relying on the online judicial appraisal platform, the clerk will scan and upload the appraisal materials and submit them to the platform, and the appraisal can be initiated on the same day. Moreover, you can also set a time limit for the appraisal institutions to reply to the results. The appraisal of assets is 15 working days, the appraisal of forensic medicine, physical evidence and audio-visual materials is 30 working days, and the appraisal of project cost and quality is 60 working days, all of which are very clear. For example, in forensic medicine, the identification of disability grade, delayed construction period, nursing period and nutrition period can be completed in 15 working days, which greatly improves the identification efficiency.

　　The start of Hangzhou online forensic platform can be traced back to February 2017. In order to further solve the problems existing in judicial expertise and practice the reform goal of "running at most once", under the guidance of Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court, Yuhang Court took the lead in using the mature "online data integration" processing platform in the field of road traffic disputes to carry out online judicial expertise; In October 2017, the Higher People’s Court of Zhejiang Province approved and determined Yuhang Court as the pilot court for online appraisal reform of civil cases in the province; On July 20 this year, this work was officially launched in Hangzhou. At present, the online appraisal platform has basically covered most types of judicial appraisal in Hangzhou courts through the trial and promotion of the first, second and third phases. Through the online platform, the data of the court, the appraisal institution and the parties can be shared, which is convenient for tracking the appraisal process in time.

　　Zhuang Gencai, vice president of Yuhang Court, told the reporter: "After each appraisal is completed, the judge can score the appraisal institution, which is similar to online shopping ‘ Praise ’ , which will directly affect the ‘ Take orders ’ Situation, so they all attach great importance to it. You can get feedback in time without running errands many times. The promotion of the online appraisal platform has greatly improved the quality and efficiency of appraisal and the satisfaction of the parties. "

　　Recently, Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court reported the assessment of the city’s judicial appraisal and evaluation institutions. Among them, 14 institutions were suspended for one year or six months according to relevant management regulations.

　　The results of this notification were sent to 15 grass-roots courts and judicial technical professional institutions in Hangzhou, and copied to various industry authorities or industry associations. Soon, Fang Yanyun, director of the Judicial Appraisal Division of Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court, felt the "shock" caused by the notification results: "In the past, we urged the appraisal institutions to get the results quickly, but now their phone calls come to you. Concerned about the impact of the assessment results on the reputation of the organization, and even related to the continued survival of the organization; There is a commitment to rectify the work style, standardize the performance of duties and improve work efficiency. From passive to active, the attitude of professional institutions has changed significantly. "　

　　It is not an easy task to assess the professional institutions of judicial technology. It takes several months from brewing to publishing the assessment results. The assessment takes the form of self-assessment, entrusted court assessment, summary spot check by the Intermediate People’s Court, holding a forum, listening to the opinions of business departments, visiting relevant competent departments or industry associations, etc., with the aim of evaluating the level of appraisal institutions as comprehensively and truly as possible.

　　According to reports, this assessment is mainly aimed at professional institutions such as real estate, land, asset evaluation, project cost, accounting audit, product quality and three types of appraisal that have entered the information platform of Zhejiang courts in recent years, focusing on the professional institutions’ practice ability, work efficiency, operational norms, service quality, text norms and charging standards. There is one of the assessment methods: "Those who refuse to accept the entrustment of the court without justifiable reasons, damage or lose the appraisal materials, fail to perform the obligation of appearing in court, and issue false appraisal opinions, which have seriously affected the trial execution, shall be removed from the list."

　　"The assessment method clarifies the exit situation, purifies the team of judicial authentication institutions, and allows truly qualified, efficient and promising institutions to undertake more entrustment, which is also an inevitable choice for survival of the fittest." Fang Yanyun said.

　　Ronaldo Lin, vice president of Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court, said that the combination of daily assessment and regular assessment, online assessment and offline assessment of appraisal institutions requires professional institutions to raise awareness and be more proactive, and grass-roots courts should establish and improve the daily management ledger system.

　　"In the next step, Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court will strengthen communication with various industry authorities or industry associations, realize information exchange and information sharing, and jointly explore online appraisal institutions, appraisers’ access standards, elimination and exit mechanisms, and the accountability system for judicial appraisal errors, and jointly urge professional institutions to standardize their professional practices, improve the trial level of judicial appraisal services, and give full play to the positive role of judicial appraisal guarantee trial activities." Ronaldo Lin said.

　　Newspaper, Hangzhou, November 20th　

　　Prefabricated vegetables, also known as prefabricated prepared food, generally refer to semi-finished products or finished products processed by pre-selection, modulation and other processes with all kinds of agricultural, livestock, poultry and aquatic products as raw and auxiliary materials, with seasonings and other auxiliary materials; Usually, prefabricated vegetables need to be stored or transported under cold chain conditions for consumers or catering processors to simply heat or cook before eating.

　　The new semester has just begun, and the topic of prefabricated dishes entering the campus has frequently sparked heated discussions.

　　According to the news report, from some videos posted by parents on social media, it can be seen that because parents can’t enter the campus and there is no place to eat after the canteen is closed in the campus, the school gate is crowded with parents who deliver food, and many students can only squat or stand at the school gate and have lunch quickly with the lunch boxes in their hands.

　　Parents are worried.

　　Some people resolutely resist the resignation of others to deliver meals.

　　According to China News Weekly, recently, many parents of primary and middle school students in Rongjiang New District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province released videos, complaining about the slow speed, poor quality and poor taste of the lunches distributed to students in the local area. One of the parents also had lunch in the video, saying that the children reported that the meat in the meal was very salty, the leaves were yellow, and the yuba was very sour and could not be eaten at all.

　　As can be seen in the video, many children have not finished eating, and most of the food in the lunch box is left.

　　According to parents, in the exchange group of "boycotting prepared dishes" spontaneously formed by parents of students, several parents reported that their children had diarrhea after eating school meals.

　　In the column "Jiangxi Question" of Jiangxi Radio and TV Station’s urban channel network political platform, some parents questioned this matter. The Social Affairs Administration of Rongjiang New District of Ganzhou replied that the meal was distributed by the central kitchen and would stop catering to the central kitchen of kindergartens in the whole district. However, the central kitchen catering system is still implemented in primary and secondary schools in Rongjiang New District.

　　In recent years, the central kitchen centralized feeding mode has been introduced in many places across the country, and catering companies have realized centralized distribution of meals to primary and secondary schools and kindergartens. Under normal circumstances, the central kitchen covers the collective feeding of many schools, and some also undertake the distribution of ingredients in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in the whole city or the whole region.

　　Recently, concerns about centralized catering in the central kitchen are spreading in many places, and parents are worried that the unified catering in schools contains prefabricated dishes, which will be harmful to students’ health for a long time.

　　Some parents said that prefabricated dishes can be eaten but not suitable for everyone, and time and cost should not be saved on children’s meals. Some parents think that prefabricated dishes can be made, but they must be open and transparent, so that everyone can supervise and choose.

　　A parent from Wuxi told reporters that she had resigned because of this, and now she delivers meals to her children every day. "There are only two food delivery people in my baby’s class, but those who don’t have time to deliver meals also resolutely resist."

　　The parent said that the children’s school is a semi-finished product that is uniformly distributed, and the vegetarian dishes are semi-finished. The vegetarian dishes are washed, cut and put in plastic bags and sent to school every other day. She is clearly opposed to this way. "Anyone who has cooked knows that this will definitely go bad." "The ingredients uniformly distributed by some local schools are all fresh ingredients, the vegetables are one by one, and the meat is also fresh. If it is that kind, I can accept it." She said.

　　Respond in detail in many places

　　No pre-cooked dishes are made and delivered on the same day.

　　Although the central kitchen is not the same as prefabricated dishes, it has triggered a discussion about how to treat prefabricated dishes into the campus.

　　Many netizens reported that it is a common phenomenon for prefabricated dishes to enter the campus in many places, and some people directly exposed the ordering information of "prefabricated dishes" issued by the parents of the school, including detailed menus and ingredient lists, which are clearly marked with the words "prefabricated dishes", and there are many additives in the ingredient list. Since then, many parents have expressed their concerns through the political platform.

　　For example, citizens in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province left a message asking Huzhou City to give a clear attitude towards whether or not the prepared dishes enter the campus. As parents resolutely resist, if a child eats prepared vegetables five days a week, the health of the child is completely a problem.

　　On September 14th, Huzhou Education Bureau replied that Huzhou requires school canteens to purchase fresh ingredients. At present, no prepared dishes have entered the campus, and we will further strengthen supervision and management.

　　Parents in Dongguan, Guangdong Province complained that they found that children are eating prepared dishes at school, and it is unacceptable for children to eat these foods in the next three years.

　　Nancheng Street in Dongguan responded on September 12 that most of the meals in the school canteen are cooked with fresh ingredients, but such as chicken legs (wings), duck legs (wings), pork chops and meatballs will choose chilled food and frozen products. No problems have been found in the school canteen, such as pre-prepared dishes and outsourced cooked food.

　　There are also parents in Haikou, Hainan who suspect that the distribution company of kindergarten meals uses prefabricated vegetables, frozen food, etc., and there are also ultra-long-distance meals.

　　On September 13th, the Education Bureau of Meilan District of Haikou City explained that kindergartens in this district choose enterprises that have obtained the qualification of collective catering recognized by the Market Supervision Administration. Strictly control the time from taking out the pot to eating within 4 hours. All meals are determined according to the length of eating time and distance, and the time of cooking, dividing meals and loading and distribution is ensured, and the central temperature of meals is above 60℃ during transportation. All the dishes delivered are made and delivered on the same day, not prepared dishes.

　　Food safety experts

　　Safe but not necessarily healthy, students should be cautious.

　　According to Shanghai TV station, Professor Li Shuguang from Fudan University School of Public Health said that prefabricated dishes were very popular in the past two years, and all kinds of prefabricated dishes were sold in the online live broadcast room before. As long as it meets the relevant laws and standards, there is no need to worry too much about the safety of prepared dishes, but the safety may not be healthy. Minors belong to a special group, and their food safety is different from that of ordinary adults, so they should be more cautious.

　　Professor Li Shuguang said that after prefabricated vegetables enter the campus, many problems will affect their safety, such as the selection of raw materials, washing and cutting, and transportation, which need to be paid attention to and strengthened supervision. In addition, food packaging materials are also a link that needs to be taken seriously after prefabricated vegetables enter the school.

　　According to China Newsweek, Chen Qianlin, president of Guangdong Country Garden Experimental School, said that he opposed the introduction of prepared dishes into the campus. He believes that prefabricated dishes are a new thing, and the impact on people’s health has not yet been known. "You must never do experiments on children."

　　Xiong Bingqi, president of 21st Century Education Research Institute, believes that for underage students, their food safety is directly related to their physical development and health. Therefore, before introducing prefabricated dishes, scientific demonstration and evaluation are needed to test whether they meet the nutritional requirements of students. If these problems cannot be solved, the hasty introduction of campus will inevitably be opposed by parents of students.

　　In the "News 1+1" program, the deputy secretary-general of Jiangsu Consumer Protection Committee said in an interview that primary and secondary school students are consumers first and enjoy the same right to know and choose. Secondly, primary and secondary school students are minors and special consumers, so their legal agents — — Parents should know and know about the dishes provided by the school. If all the school canteens are made of pre-cooked dishes supplied from outside, parents’ right to know and choose will also be deprived. On this issue, schools should fully communicate with family committees or parents, including the choice of suppliers, to ensure that children can eat healthy and safe food.

Xiaonan and Xiaomei run a fruit shop. They want to earn more money, but they don’t want to waste unsold fruits, so they often cut off some bad fruits and eat them themselves.

However, these seemingly good fruits are the main cause of their liver cancer.

Fruit is an essential part of our daily diet.

Fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, which can provide the nutrients we need, help regulate our metabolism and promote the normal operation of our body functions.

Therefore, it is very important for our overall health to choose and eat fruits correctly.

These two fruits have been included in the "cancer blacklist"

1. Rotten and moldy fruit: Even if there is only one small mildew spot, the whole fruit will be toxic.

Most fruits contain a lot of juice, sugar and nutrients, so they are an ideal environment for mold growth. When mold grows in large quantities, fruits will begin to rot gradually.

Mold is actually a big family. Usually, mold does not cause fatal harm to human body. But under some suitable conditions, the problem of mold may be more serious than we thought.

For example, in rotten fruits, the most common toxins are patulin, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin and arthrosporin.

These toxins are harmful to human health to varying degrees, and may even lead to cancer, deformity or death.

Penicillin: It can pollute all kinds of fresh fruits and juices, and can damage the intestines and kidney function. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) lists it as a class 3 carcinogen.

Ochratoxin A: It is toxic to liver and kidney, and can pollute a small number of fruits, such as rotten dried figs and apricots. IARC classified it as a class 2B carcinogen.

Aflatoxin: A strong carcinogen, it can pollute rotten fruits such as sugarcane, raisins and dried figs. IARC classified it as a class 1 carcinogen.

Arthrospermycin: It is a definite carcinogen, which can pollute rotten sugarcane. If pregnant women eat it carelessly, it may lead to fetal malformation.

Therefore, it is recommended not to eat any rotten fruit, even if the bad parts are cut off, there may be toxin residues.

2. Areca catechu: a primary carcinogen

Areca catechu is a first-class carcinogen, and this conclusion was announced by the International Center for Research on Cancer in 2003.

Chewing betel nut for a long time is equivalent to subjecting the oral mucosa to both physical and chemical blows, so that it is constantly injured.

Long-term injury is a very dangerous carcinogen, and many organ cancers are related to persistent injuries, such as lung cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and so on.

In these two cases, the fruit can be eaten after cutting the wound.

1. Low temperature frostbite causes

In the low temperature storage environment, the activity of superoxide dismutase in fruits decreases, and the free radicals in cells cannot be eliminated in time.

With the increase of the number of free radicals, they will change the permeability of fruit cell membrane, thus destroying the cell structure.

In addition, the low temperature environment will also improve the activity of pectin esterase in fruit, which will decompose insoluble pectin in pulp and make the surface of fruit "soft and rotten".

But in fact, the "frostbitten" fruit is only damaged by cells and does not produce microorganisms or toxins, so it can continue to be eaten.

2. Bumped and crushed fruit

In the process of collision, the cytoplasm in the fruit dissolves, and the colorless phenols in the cells are transformed into colored quinones.

In essence, these fruits are not infected by harmful pathogens such as bacteria, so short-term eating will not affect the body.

Of course, if the fruit in your house has been stored for a long time, and it is not clear what caused it to be "a little rotten", it is better to throw it away.

Read the original text

On the 21st local time, the European Chip Act came into effect. The announcement issued by the European Commission on the same day stated that the program promoted the industrialization of key technologies through the "European Chip Plan" and encouraged public and private enterprises to invest in the manufacturing facilities of chip manufacturers and their suppliers.

Under the framework of the bill, the European Union plans to establish a coordination mechanism between member States and the Commission to strengthen cooperation among member States, monitor chip supply, estimate demand, and start an emergency mechanism when necessary.

The announcement said that Europe’s share in the global semiconductor production market is less than 10%, and it relies heavily on third-country suppliers. If the global supply chain is seriously disrupted, the European industrial sector may be exhausted in a short time, leading to the stagnation of European industry.

According to the Chip Act, by 2030, the EU will collect 11.15 billion euros of public investment from EU institutions and member States, and will use a lot of private investment. In July this year, the European Parliament passed the Chip Act. The bill requires that by 2030, the share of the European Union’s chip production in the world should be increased from the current 10% to 20% to meet its own and world market demand. (General Desk reporter Gu Xin)

　

　

General Office of the State Council forwarded the report of the State Planning Commission

Current price situation and controlling price increase in the second half of the year

Notice that measures should be taken to report

　

Guo ban fa [1995〕41number

　

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

　　 The State Council agreed with the State Planning Commission’s Report on the Current Price Situation and Measures to Control Price Rising in the Second Half of the Year, which is hereby forwarded to you, please implement it carefully.

Since the beginning of this year, all regions and departments have conscientiously implemented the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and the Third Session of the Eighth National People’s Congress, resolutely implemented the various regulatory measures of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on curbing inflation and controlling price increases, and done a lot of work. The macroeconomic situation has continued to develop in a good direction, the trend of market price increases has been curbed, and the increase in retail prices has dropped month by month. However, the current price situation is still quite grim, and the task of realizing the annual price control target is quite arduous. All regions and departments must keep a clear head, and must not take it lightly and relax their requirements. We should continue to take curbing inflation and controlling price rise as the primary task of macroeconomic regulation and control this year, earnestly implement a series of regulatory measures to curb inflation and control price rise determined by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adhere to moderately tight fiscal and monetary policies, strictly control the excessive growth of fixed assets investment and consumption funds, vigorously strengthen agriculture, strictly control the introduction of new price increase projects, and further implement and improve the target responsibility system for price control. All regions and departments should proceed from the overall situation, make more contributions to the realization of the national price control goal, and create conditions for maintaining the good momentum of national economic development and making the Ninth Five-Year Plan have a good macro environment.

　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　 the General Office of the State Council　　

　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 July 10, 1995　

　　

　

On the current price situation and price control in the second half of the year

Report on measures to be taken to rise

　

The State Council:

　　 According to the spirit of the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on continuing to do a good job in controlling price increases,fivemoon30SolsticesixmoononeOn, the State Planning Commission held a national symposium of price directors in Beijing, analyzed the price situation since this year and its future trend, summed up and exchanged experiences in curbing inflation and controlling price increases in various places, and studied and put forward further measures and policy suggestions to ensure the realization of this year’s price control targets. The relevant situation is now reported as follows:

　　 A basic estimate of the price situation since this year

　　 Since the beginning of this year, all regions and departments have conscientiously implemented the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and strengthened their leadership over price work, and the market price increase has dropped month by month. Compared with the same period of last year,fiveIn September, the national retail price index was17.6%, compared with the previous yeartwelveThe increase in June fell back.5.6Percentage points. Price increases have declined to varying degrees in various places, including Beijing, Tianjin, Guangdong, Hainan, Shanghai and Anhui.sixProvinces and citiesfiveThe retail price increase in January has fallen back to15%Below;35The average retail price increase in 20 large and medium-sized cities has dropped to15.1%.

　　 However, the degree of improvement in the price situation since this year cannot be overestimated. First, although the price increase has dropped, the increase is still very high. Compared with the same period of last year, this yearone～fiveThe national retail price index is still as high as19%The national consumer price increase is still as high as.21.7%And the rate of decline in price increases has slowed down month by month. At the same time, the price index calculated on a month-on-month basis also rebounded. This year,one～fiveIn January, the national retail price index rose respectively from last month.3.0%、1.8%、0.0%、0.7%and0.2%This calculation has constituted a new price increase this year.fiveMore than a percentage point. Second, the decline in price increases in various regions is very uneven, and the decline in most regions is not obvious enough.fiveThere are still monthsfiveRetail prices in 20 provinces and autonomous regions rose in20%Above, the highest increase(Ningxia Wei21.4%)Compared with the lowest(Tianjin is11.4%)tower above10Percentage points. The slow decline of the increase in these areas is due to the low price base and the lag of price increase, as well as management reasons. In some places, on the one hand, the price index is very high, and on the other hand, new price increase projects continue to be introduced without authorization. Third, prices in rural areas are still rising. From last yearfourSince June, the price increase in rural areas has been continuous.14Next month is higher than the city. this yearone～fiveIn September, the retail price index of rural commodities rose compared with the same period of last year.21.6%, higher than the city4.5Percentage points, affecting the national retail price increase.1.9Percentage points.

　　 Second, the favorable conditions and difficulties of controlling price increases in the second half of the year

　　 In the second half of this year, the general trend of price increase will further decline. First, the impact of last year’s price hikes will be significantly weakened. According to estimates by the National Bureau of Statistics, the impact of last year’s price increase on this year’s hikes averaged about in the first half of the year.14.5Percentage points, the second half of the year will weaken to the average.fiveAbout a percentage point. Second, the state adheres to a moderately tight monetary and fiscal policy, and will take further measures to strictly control the scale of investment in fixed assets, especially new projects, and strengthen macro-control and supervision and management of consumer funds. Third, the central government has decided not to introduce new price adjustment measures in principle in the second half of this year. Fourth, governments at all levels have further increased their investment in agriculture, the area planted with grain has increased, and the area of vegetable fields in urban suburbs has expanded. In addition, the state has taken control measures such as suspending grain exports, increasing grain imports, and selling corn to stabilize feed prices, so that the tight supply of some major agricultural products will be alleviated. Fifth, most domestic industrial products for daily use are well supplied and sold normally, and residents’ consumption behavior tends to be reasonable. Sixth, the target responsibility system for price control has been generally established in various places, and various measures to strengthen price supervision have been gradually implemented. Therefore, if there are no major natural disasters in the second half of this year, and all macro-control measures can be implemented, it is possible to achieve the annual price control goal.

　　 At the same time, it should be noted that it is necessary to control the annual price increase in15%About the goal, the difficulty is still not small. Mainly manifested in:

　　 First, social demand is still growing too fast, and the main factors of inflation have not been eliminated. Since the beginning of this year, the State Council has not approved new large and medium-sized infrastructure projects, but there are still many new infrastructure projects approved by local governments.one～fiveNew fixed assets investment projects started by state-owned units nationwide in June.13713An increase over the same period last year.2829A, investment scale growth57.2%.one～fiveThe wage expenditure of the national bank increased in September compared with the same period of last year.25.77%Although the increase has declined, considering the increase in the total retail sales of consumer goods in society,31.4%And residents bought it1100At the same time, savings deposits have also increased.3055100 million yuan, indicating that there are still many consumer fund expenditures that violate the regulations.

　　 Second, the agricultural foundation is weak, food prices have been rising so far, and non-staple food prices.

The lattice lurks the danger of fluctuation. Judging from the "rice bag",fiveThe purchase price of grain continued to rise in February, and the average market price of four main agricultural products, such as wheat, rice, corn and soybean, was $100,000.50kilogram100～53Yuan, up from last month.2.9%. Judging from the "vegetable basket", at present, vegetables are abundant in most areas, and the prices of vegetables, pigs and eggs have dropped. However, due to the excessive rise in corn prices, some areas have suffered losses in raising pigs and chickens, and they are not active in replenishing the basket. If the relevant control measures are not in place in time, the supply of non-staple food may be tight after entering the third quarter, and the price of "vegetable basket" may rebound. Judging from the prices of agricultural means of production,one～fiveThe month of last year is higher than the same period of last year.30.2%It is also possible to further promote the price increase of agricultural products.

　　 Third, there is great pressure from all sides to adjust prices. Since last yeareightSince September, the state has basically not introduced new price adjustment measures, but this year, with the price increase falling month by month, the voice of some regions and departments demanding price adjustment measures has risen again, especially in coastal areas and big cities where the price increase has dropped significantly.

　　 Fourth, the disorder of market circulation has not been fundamentally reversed, and arbitrary charges and arbitrary price increases will still add fuel to the price increase. The disorder of market circulation is one of the important reasons for the excessive price increase in recent years. In the market circulation of grain, cotton and fertilizer, problems such as illegal operation, reselling and price increase at different levels are still serious in some places.

　　 A comprehensive analysis of various factors in current economic life requires greater determination and more solid work to ensure the realization of this year’s price control targets.

　 　Three, do everything possible to ensure the realization of this year’s price control targets.

　　 Ensure that the national retail price increase this year has dropped significantly compared with last year, and strive to control it.15%Around, this is a major event related to the overall economic development and social stability. In the second half of this year, we should continue to take curbing inflation and controlling price increases as the primary task of macro-control and the key link to correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability. We should continue to strictly control the newly introduced price increase projects and further strengthen price supervision. Specifically put forward the following measures:

　　 (one)Further implement the target responsibility system for price control. Governments at all levels should establish a target responsibility system for price control, and the main leading comrades should personally grasp the price work. It is necessary to organize all departments to work together, make concerted efforts, and implement the responsibility of controlling prices. First of all, we should take practical measures to strictly control the scale of investment in fixed assets and effectively improve the investment efficiency. Secondly, we should continue to strengthen the supervision and management of consumer funds and strictly control the excessive growth of consumer funds. The State Planning Commission and the National Bureau of Statistics should continue to make monthly announcements of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and35The work of retail price index in a large and medium-sized city urges local governments to control prices well. At the same time, according to the requirements of the State Council, it is necessary to do a good job in the special inspection of the implementation of national price control measures in the near future, sum up experience, find out the gap, and truly put the various control measures of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on curbing inflation and controlling price increases in place.

　　 (two)Strict discipline, strictly control the introduction of new price adjustment projects. We must strictly control the introduction of price increase projects and focus on establishing and improving the macro-control system of prices. According to the decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, no new price adjustment measures will be introduced in the second half of this year in principle. Where all localities and departments introduce price increase projects without authorization, the leaders concerned shall be held accountable.

　　 (three)Stabilize the purchase and sale prices of grain. Stabilizing food prices is the most important thing to stabilize the whole price. In the second half of the year, we should continue to implement the spirit of the Notice of the State Council on Continuing to Do a Good Job in Stabilizing Grain and Oil Prices. The purchase price of grain ordered by the state will not be adjusted this year, and the out-of-price subsidies adopted by some places should be allocated by local finance or allocated from grain risk funds in strict accordance with state regulations, and bank loans or accounts should not be diverted, nor should they be passed on to grain enterprises. State-owned grain enterprises should strictly implement policies to ensure that the ordered grain is used for the supply of residents’ rations, and it is strictly forbidden to increase the price and resell it without authorization. The sales price of standard rice and flour for urban residents and other basic rations managed by the government should remain stable and cannot be raised. The price difference and loss caused by stabilizing the grain selling price shall be compensated by all localities from the grain risk fund; If the fund is insufficient, the local finance should allocate additional subsidies. It is necessary to improve the methods of grain supply, strengthen the management of grain sales, and ensure that low-income residents can really enjoy the rations supplied by the government at preferential prices. All localities should take appropriate measures to control the prices of grain products and light industrial products with grain as raw materials.

　　 (four)Strive to keep the price of non-staple food stable. Governments at all levels should continue to make great efforts to strengthen the construction of the "vegetable basket" project, ensure the vegetable planting area and do a good job in market supply. It is necessary to encourage farmers to sell vegetables directly in cities, reduce the links in vegetable management, rectify various fees in vegetable management, and popularize the experience of moderately flexible differential management of vegetable prices in Shenzhen and other places in order to stabilize vegetable prices. At present, special attention should be paid to the production, supply and price stabilization of live pigs and eggs, and all localities should conscientiously implement the requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on the Use of State-specially Stored Corn to Stabilize Feed Prices and Stabilize Pig Production, so that this batch of corn can really play a role in stabilizing feed prices. According to the reasonable price of pig food, the protective price of pig purchase should be formulated, and the capital needs of commercial enterprises to purchase pigs should be guaranteed, and commercial departments should be supported to purchase more and reserve more, so as to implement the protective price. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of meat market, expand market throughput, and make full use of the leading role of state-owned commerce in increasing market supply and stabilizing market prices. It is necessary to make full use of the non-staple food price adjustment fund to stabilize production and stabilize prices. Cities that have not yet established a non-staple food price adjustment fund should pay close attention to it and strive to do so by the end of this year.60Large cities with a population of more than 10,000 can set up non-staple food price adjustment funds.

　　 (five)Efforts should be made to increase fertilizer production and effectively stabilize fertilizer prices. Fertilizer enterprises should continue to produce at full capacity and strive to increase market supply. All regions and relevant departments should do everything possible to ensure the supply of raw materials and electricity needed for fertilizer production. Fertilizer production and management enterprises should strictly implement the prescribed ex-factory price and sales price, and shall not raise prices without authorization. We should continue to rectify the circulation channels of chemical fertilizers, and prohibit illegal operation and reselling. Currently available13A province(District and city)The practice of linking planned fertilizer sales with grain and cotton orders has played an important role in stabilizing fertilizer prices and ensuring fertilizer supply, and all localities should actively promote it.

　　 (six)In view of the weak links, strengthen rural price management. The high price increase in rural areas is not only strongly reflected by farmers, but also adversely affects agricultural production and rural stability, and also adversely affects the realization of the national price control goal. All localities should effectively stabilize counties.(city)Price management agencies, and strengthen the county(city)The focus of price work is on rural market management, supporting agriculture, promoting agriculture and protecting farmers’ interests. In addition to strengthening the management of fertilizer prices, all localities should also take measures to effectively stabilize the prices of agricultural films and pesticides. It is necessary to strengthen the price management of grain and cotton purchase links, ensure the implementation of the national order price, stop the low-pressure price reduction and price increase of agricultural products, do a good job in the convergence of regional prices, and prevent regional blockades. It is necessary to strengthen the management of townships and rural markets, do a good job in the supply and marketing of grain, non-staple food, materials and building materials, and maintain the basic stability of prices. We must continue to control arbitrary charges and prohibit illegal apportionment to farmers.

　　 (seven)Rectify the circulation order and strengthen price supervision. We should continue to strengthen the supervision and examination of people’s basic necessities and service prices, and further improve and implement various supervision and examination measures such as price increase declaration, filing and slip control. We should focus on people’s daily necessities, do a good job in market price inspection, and resolutely stop illegal activities such as shoddy food, oil, meat, eggs, vegetables and other people’s daily necessities, cheating customers, adulterating and making fakes. We should seize typical profiteering and fraud, severely punish them, expose them publicly, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.

　　 If the above opinions are not improper, it is suggested that the State Council transmit them to all regions and departments for implementation.

　　

　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 state planning commission

　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 June 16, 1995

　　BEIJING, Dec. 29 (Reporter Qiu Yuzhongqing) On January 1, 2018, China was the first one-way tax law to promote the construction of ecological civilization — — The Environmental Protection Tax Law will be formally implemented, which also means that the sewage charge system that has been implemented for nearly 40 years will withdraw from the historical stage.

　　Do ordinary residents have to pay environmental taxes? Are the collection standards the same everywhere? What changes will "fee to tax" bring to enterprises? Zhongxin. com has combed and interpreted this.

　　On February 12, 2016, many places in Shandong suffered from smog weather. Image source: vision china

　　Do individuals have to pay environmental taxes?

　　The Environmental Protection Tax Law stipulates that enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators that directly discharge taxable pollutants into the environment in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of People’s Republic of China (PRC) are taxpayers of environmental protection tax, and they shall pay environmental protection tax in accordance with the provisions of this law.

　　In other words, ordinary residents are not included in the scope of taxation and do not have to pay environmental taxes. According to local media reports, the responsible persons of tax authorities in Hebei, Jiangxi, Anhui and other places have made it clear that individual residents do not pay environmental protection tax.

　　When do you start paying taxes?

　　Zhongxin. com reporter learned from State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China that the first collection period of environmental protection tax will be around April next year, not to say that tax returns will be started after January 1st.

　　In this regard, Shi Zhengwen, director of the Finance and Tax Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, pointed out in an interview that the environmental protection tax is "calculated on a monthly basis and declared quarterly", and the reporting period and the time when the specific tax obligation occurs are two different things.

　　Shi Zhengwen said that the tax calculation began on January 1, but the declaration was from April 1 to 15. During this half-month period, enterprises had to declare their taxes.

　　Data Map: In Guozhuangzi Village, Xinkou Town, Xiqing District, Tianjin, electric heating pipes instead of coal are connected to every household. China News Service reporter Yan Yushe

　　What pollutants are taxed?

　　The Environmental Protection Tax Law clearly states that air pollutants, water pollutants, solid waste and noise are listed as taxable pollutants.

　　Taxable air pollutants include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, chlorine gas, etc. Taxable water pollutants include total mercury, total cadmium, total lead, petroleum, animal and vegetable oils, formaldehyde, etc.

　　It is worth noting that noise refers to industrial noise according to the Table of Items and Taxes of Environmental Protection Tax attached to the Environmental Protection Tax Law. This means that construction noise and traffic noise are not included in the scope of collection.

　　According to the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution, environmental noise refers to the sound produced in industrial production, construction, transportation and social life that interferes with the surrounding living environment.

　　Among them, industrial noise refers to the sound that interferes with the surrounding living environment when using fixed equipment in industrial production activities; Construction noise refers to the sound that interferes with the surrounding living environment during construction.

　　How much do you pay?

　　According to the Environmental Protection Tax Law, the amount of environmental protection tax has both an upper limit and a lower limit. The tax range of air pollutants is from 1.2 yuan to 12 yuan per pollution equivalent, and that of water pollutants is from 1.4 yuan to 14 yuan per pollution equivalent.

　　Pollution equivalent refers to a comprehensive index or unit of measurement to measure the environmental pollution caused by different pollutants according to the harmful degree of pollutants or pollution discharge activities to the environment and the technical economy of treatment.

　　For example, in terms of industrial noise, different decibels exceed the standard, and the monthly tax levied is different. For example, if it exceeds the standard by 1-3 decibels, 350 yuan will exceed the standard by more than 16 decibels per month, and it will cost 11,200 yuan per month.

　　Data Map: Wetland Ecological Restoration Project in Sanbiao Township, Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province. Su Lucheng photo

　　Is the tax payment standard the same everywhere?

　　According to the Environmental Protection Tax Law, each province has certain discretion in the specific applicable tax amount of air pollutants and water pollutants. In other words, the specific tax payment standards may be different from place to place.

　　"This is equivalent to giving local governments greater discretion," Shi Zhengwen said. "The Environmental Protection Tax Law mentions three factors, namely, the environmental carrying capacity of the local area, the current situation of pollutant discharge and the requirements of economic, social and ecological development goals. According to these three factors, local governments determine the specific applicable tax amount, which varies greatly among different provinces."

　　Among them, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding provinces generally set higher taxes on air pollutants and water pollutants. The applicable tax amount of taxable air pollutants in Beijing is 12 yuan per pollution equivalent, and the applicable tax amount of taxable water pollutants is 14 yuan per pollution equivalent, both of which are implemented according to the upper limit of tax range stipulated in the Environmental Protection Tax Law.

　　Will it increase the burden on enterprises?

　　The relevant person in charge of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China told the reporter of Zhongxin.com that the environmental protection tax was jointly promoted by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation. According to the standard of "shifting taxes and fees", the past sewage charges were directly converted into environmental protection taxes. Of course, generally speaking, the design of policies is not aimed at collecting money, but mainly to stimulate the awareness of environmental protection and boost the consciousness of environmental protection.

　　The person in charge of the Regulation Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection said that changing the sewage charges into environmental taxes is conducive to improving the rigidity of law enforcement, reducing local government intervention and internalizing environmental costs. Environmental protection tax is levied according to the amount of emissions, with more emissions and more payments, less emissions and less payments, which is conducive to promoting enterprises to improve their environmental protection level and reduce pollutant emissions.

　　Data Map: Seven enterprises and institutions withdrew from Fuxian Lake Nature Reserve in Yunnan, showing their determination to protect the environment. China News Service reporter Ren Dongshe

　　Does the environmental protection tax belong to the local government or the central government?

　　On December 27th, the State Council issued the Notice on the Ownership of Environmental Protection Tax Revenue, which made it clear that environmental protection tax was local revenue.

　　The circular pointed out that in order to promote the protection and improvement of the environment and increase investment in environmental protection, the State Council decided to use all environmental protection taxes as local income.

　　The current sewage charges are divided between the central and local governments by 1: 9. Wang Jianfan, director of the Department of Taxation and Administration of the Ministry of Finance, pointed out earlier that in order to mobilize local enthusiasm, considering that local governments bear the main responsibility for pollution control, it is planned to take all environmental taxes as local income, and the central government will no longer participate in the sharing. (End)

Diablo 3 is an action role-playing game owned by Blizzard. Necromancer’s skill combination recommends plague ice gun stream and toxic bone spear stream, and equipment recommends the grace of Sanzang Inarius, the incarnation of blood set Tagao and the bone armor of pet set Rathma, all of which are very powerful.

Diablo 3 necromancer’s equipment skill collocation is as follows:

Skill collocation

1. Plague ice gun flow

The active skills, passive skills and gouyu collocation of plague ice gun flow are as follows. The skill collocation of necromancer mainly realizes the effect of quick drawing through corpse spear and fragility. The advantage of this skill combination is that it can quickly brush the map. When the corpse spear is matched with fragile collision, it will increase the critical strike probability of the corpse spear to the enemy and achieve the deceleration effect. Weakness, with the blessing of Gouyu’s hungry grave, will consume 10% of the Necromancer’s blood, but the standard blood of the vulnerable enemy can be increased from 15% to 18%, which will enable ordinary players to quickly brush through the first 100 layers of the Great Mystery. In the actual experience, although the Necromancer’s plague ice gun stream can achieve the effect of extreme drawing, this set of skills pays great attention to the players’ skill cooling, attack speed and the recovery of the spirit. The recovery of the spirit can be achieved through the realm of the dead and devouring, while the skill cooling and attack speed require players to work harder on equipment and gems, so as to achieve the ultimate painting effect.

2. Toxic bone spear flow

The active skills, passive skills and gouyu of toxic bone spear flow are as follows. This skill is to use bone spear (dead bone marrow) to brush the picture. It is understood that the bone spear (dead bone marrow) can improve the output damage of the bone spear. In the case of passive skill bone spur proliferation, the output damage of the bone spear can be increased to about 515%~535%. Coupled with the coma effect of the bone nail (bone dislocation) and the freezing effect of the dead field (dead cold land), it is also convenient for players to control the whole monster. As for the advantage of this set of skills, it is that the control effect is better and the ability to survive and recover is stronger. The weakness is that the cooling time of control skills is relatively long. Even if the passive skill "Desperate Loyalty" is added, it is difficult to change the shortcomings of this skill set.

Equipment collocation

1. Santa Claus — — Enze in Inarius

Because of its global injury increase of up to 2750%, the holy sleeve is very lubricated in fitting, and it is very enjoyable whether it is corpse gun, corpse explosion, Galaxy gem special effect or pet flow.

2. Blood sleeve — — Tago’s incarnation

Although the blood set was overshadowed by the holy set in the single-player mode, it was very popular in the team mode, and the utilization rate was amazing.

3. Pet condoms — — Rathma’s bone armor

At present, pet covers have some problems, such as stuck, inefficient injury reduction, and sudden death Bug of pets, so the pet covers have fallen out of the first-line play of necromancers. However, according to the test suit data, after the pet covers are repaired or enhanced, they will still perform well and even return to the mainstream ranks of necromancers.

Patent involved

editorial comment/note

Recently, a series of requests for invalidation for the utility model patent of "Integrated Self-timer Device" of Yuandesheng have attracted wide attention in the industry. To this end, this newspaper specially invites experts to clarify the relevant examination standards and principles in the patent invalidation procedure in combination with the focus of controversy in the case, and explore why the patent is "invalid", in order to help enterprises improve the quality of patents and improve the level of protection.

Creativity is one of the substantive conditions for an invention to be granted a patent right, and it is the legal issue with the highest proportion involved in the substantive examination of patent application, patent invalidation procedure and patent administrative cases, so its examination standard has also become the most concerned issue for patent applicants or patentees, courts and even the public.

Fact finding in creative judgment

In the examination practice, because the utility model patent involves the specific structure of the product, it is difficult to avoid the comparison between the specific technical features of the technical scheme when comparing the features. If the specific technical features are isolated and the integrity of the technical scheme is split in the comparison process, simply and mechanically comparing the words will lead to unclear facts and affect the conclusion of the examination. This problem is fully reflected in a series of patent invalidation request cases of "integrated selfie device", and objectively and accurately identifying the facts is the basis for the case to draw a correct conclusion.

In the case of a series of patent invalidation requests for "integrated selfie device", the core technical content of the patent involved is that "the stage is provided with a notch, the clamping mechanism is provided with a bending part corresponding to the notch position, and the telescopic rod can be accommodated in the notch and the bending part after being folded", which is recorded in Claim 2 of the patent involved. The claim defines that the notch on the object table corresponds to the bending part on the clamping mechanism, and the notch and the bending part form a space for accommodating the folded telescopic rod, which saves more space for accommodating the selfie stick and realizes the beneficial effect of convenient carrying. During the trial of the case, whether the above-mentioned bending part was made public by the existing technology became the focus of dispute between the two parties. The author will analyze how to identify the fact that the comparison document was made public from two aspects.

1. Comparison of features with the same words.

In one of the requests for invalidation, the claimant used the utility model patent with the invention name "A shooting device clamping device of hand-held remote control shooting device" as evidence (hereinafter referred to as Evidence 1) to comment on the creativity of Claim 2. The petitioner thinks that Evidence 1 discloses that the clamping structure includes a movable rod 3, both ends of which are arranged in two supporting arms in a stretchable manner, and the middle part of which is provided with a bending structure 31, and the bending mechanism 31 is located above the objective table, that is, Evidence 1 discloses the technical scheme of setting a bending part on the clamping mechanism.

Through careful analysis of the contents disclosed in Evidence 1, it is not difficult to find that the middle opening of the bending structure in Evidence 1 is used to engage with the groove on the handle, and the handle is fixed in the middle of the movable rod to facilitate the up-and-down movement of the movable rod, thus clamping the shooting equipment. This is completely different from the function and function of the bending part in the patent involved: the bending part of the patent involved has a U-shaped opening, which together with the notch on the stage forms a storage space for accommodating the folded telescopic rod, thus realizing the miniaturization and portability of the selfie stick. Therefore, although the bending structure in Evidence 1 is similar to the bending part of the patent involved in the case in terms of words and structure, the bending structure in Evidence 1 is used for coupling with the handle, and after it is fixedly connected with the handle, it no longer has any space and cannot be used for storage. Therefore, it can’t be considered that Evidence 1 discloses the bending part of the patent involved, and it doesn’t give the technical enlightenment for its acceptance.

2. Identification of the public contents of the attached drawings

In another request for invalidation, the claimant used a patent for utility model named "a hand-held remote control device for shooting" as evidence (hereinafter referred to as Evidence 2), and once again commented on the creativity of Claim 2. The petitioner believes that Figure 5 of Evidence 2 shows that the end of the fixing frame is provided with a bending part with a large opening, which is the bending part involved in the patent involved.

In patent application documents, the appended drawings are an integral part of the specification, and their function is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical scheme of the invention or utility model. However, only the technical features that can be directly determined from the attached drawings are public contents, and the contents inferred from the attached drawings should not be regarded as public contents.

Attached Figure 5 of Evidence 2 shows the schematic diagram of the connection between the mobile phone holder and the remote control shooting device, in which the mobile phone holder includes a holder and a connecting platform, the holder is used for placing the shooting device, and the connecting platform is used for connecting with the remote control shooting handle. Figure 5 does show that there is a bending part with the same structure as the patent involved in the case in the middle of the fixing frame, but there is no explanation about this bending part in the description of Evidence 2, and according to the analysis and understanding of the full text of Evidence 2, it can be judged that this bending part cannot be used to form a storage space, because the mobile phone fixing frame in Evidence 2 is connected with the remote control handle through the first connecting part, which is a threaded connector. The remote control handle connected by thread can’t be folded, and Evidence 2 doesn’t need to solve the storage space problem in the process of folding the selfie stick, so the setting of the bending part can’t be to solve the technical problems to be solved by the patents involved. Therefore, only on the basis of the structure shown in Figure 5 of Evidence 2, the technicians in this field can’t directly and undoubtedly determine that this structural feature can achieve the same effect as the bending part in the patent involved, and Evidence 2 does not disclose the bending part in Claim 2.

In a word, accurate fact finding is an important basis for correct feature comparison and objective review conclusion. The fact that the technical scheme disclosed in the prior art cannot be simply taken out of context, but should be considered from the perspective of the technical personnel in this field as a whole, and the technical characteristics and functions of the technical scheme should be considered as a whole, so as to accurately compare the characteristics and objectively judge the creativity of the claim. That is to say, for the technical features that support each other in function and have an interactive relationship, the technical features should be considered as a whole.

Influence of protection scope on creativity

The scope of protection of the patent right should match the technological contribution of the invention-creation. If the scope of protection is too large, it obviously exceeds the technological contribution of the invention-creation, which will easily lead to the invalidation of the claim because it is not creative at the stage of invalidation request.

As far as the case of patent invalidation request for "integrated self-timer device" series is concerned, first of all, independent claim 1 defines a larger scope. In independent claim 1, the preamble defines the characteristics of the usual self-timer device, including the telescopic rod and the clamping device, which includes the objective table and the stretchable clamping mechanism, and the connection relationship between the telescopic rod and the clamping device is defined in the characteristic part. That is, "the clamping device is integrally connected to the top end of the telescopic rod", which embodies the difference from the background technology. However, in the trial process of invalidation, it was disclosed by the prior art because it covered a large protection range, so it was declared invalid.

Secondly, the dependent claim 2 embodies the main innovation of the patent involved, that is, the notch on the stage and the bending part corresponding to the notch on the clamping mechanism form a space for accommodating the folded telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod can be directly accommodated in the notch on the stage and the bending part of the clamping mechanism after use, which can solve the technical problems of better accommodating the selfie stick and being convenient to carry. The remaining dependent claims 3-13 refer to claim 2 directly or indirectly, so that even if claim 1 is invalid due to too large a scope of protection, other dependent claims 3-13 can remain valid while dependent claim 2 remains valid.

To sum up, combined with the problem of fact finding in creative judgment, this paper focuses on the analysis of the reasons why Claim 2 was kept valid in the series of cases of "self-timer" invalidation request. Because Claims 3-13 directly or indirectly quoted Claim 2, Claims 2-13 were declared to be kept valid, which benefited from the patent involved’s well-defined patent layout, which reasonably determined the protection scope of the claim.

From the perspective of patent layout, the patents involved are based on a single technical point to construct a combination of claims to effectively protect innovative technologies. Although it is only a single technical point, the layout of claims takes into account the main innovation points, necessary technical characteristics, singleness and other factors, taking into account the principle of layered protection, narrowing the protection scope of claims layer by layer, and the layout ideas are clear and reasonable.

(Song Zuozhi Su Qing Author: Patent Reexamination Board of the State Intellectual Property Office)