In August, the high temperature, humidity and rain in Shanghai for several days did not affect the cleanliness of the front of the domestic garbage wing of Ruihong New Town Phase II in Anqiu Residential Area, Jiaxing Road Street, Hongkou District. It was kept neat and tidy, and there were few mosquitoes and flies.

　　一大早，记者见到居民区书记雷国兴的时候，她正在跟居委干部和志愿者们开会，讨论小区里垃圾回收精品示范点位的推进工作。“现在正好有这个机会，我们一定要抓住，并且要做好，居民们都期盼着呢！”

　　从2018年11月习近平总书记来到这里考察，到今年5月底，收到总书记勉励大家工作的回信，近5年时间，雷国兴历经3个居民区党总支书记的岗位，也见证了上海垃圾分类从“不愿分、不会分”到“主动分、智慧分”的过程。“总书记的回信，是压力也是动力，给我们提出了新的更高要求。”

　　纵观上海，在“人民城市”重要理念的践行过程中，从垃圾分类新时尚到绿色低碳新生活，从社会基层治理到生态文明建设，人民群众的生活场景愈加智能，也愈发丰富多彩。

　　从新时尚到好习惯，紧盯“关键小事”不放松

　　时间回溯到2018年11月6日，习近平走进上海市虹口区市民驿站嘉兴路街道第一分站。几位年轻人正在交流社区垃圾分类推广的做法，一位小伙子说，参加公益活动对年轻人来说都是新时尚。习近平表示，垃圾分类工作就是新时尚。我关注着这件事，希望上海抓实办好。

　　2018年11月6日上午，习近平来到虹口区市民驿站嘉兴路街道第一分站。几位年轻党员在交流社区垃圾分类推广的做法。 新华社记者 李涛摄

　　这次给总书记写信的执笔人、时任市民驿站嘉兴路街道第一分站党建服务站站长的雷国兴，也在现场聆听了总书记的指示。雷国兴说：“垃圾分类给老百姓带来了环境上的改变，邻里关系也更加和谐，这为基层社区治理提供了一个很好的支点。”

　　垃圾分类工作在上海如火如荼推进开来。2019年1月，《上海市生活垃圾管理条例》经上海市人大表决通过，于当年7月1日起正式施行。上海也因此成为全国最早全面开展垃圾分类的城市之一。

　　4年时间倏忽而过，垃圾分类推行效果如何？

　　吃过晚饭，约莫晚上7点钟左右，在瑞虹新城二期小区生活垃圾投放点，居民吴青葆动作娴熟地把干湿垃圾分类投放进不同的垃圾桶。“养成习惯了，每天吃好晚饭，就把当天的厨余垃圾连同干垃圾统统处理掉。”

　　从“新时尚”到“好习惯”，可不是件容易的事儿！

　　去年年初，雷国兴调任安丘居民区党总支书记后，她发现，辖区约40%的住户是租户，房屋换手率高，“新来的租户对社区情况、垃圾投放点、投放规则都不太了解，经常在垃圾房旁边看到落地垃圾。”

　　雷国兴与志愿者们商量后，制作出一份“迎新手册”。“住进小区的居民，都会拿到这本手册，里面收录了各类便民服务信息，包括怎么扔垃圾，怎么停车，居委会、物业、便民食堂在哪里等等，给大家一种宾至如归的感觉。”

　　“习近平总书记在回信中说‘得知经过这几年的宣传推动，垃圾分类在你们那里取得新的成效，居民文明程度提高了，社区环境更美了，我很欣慰。’”写信人之一、瑞一居民区党总支书记华磊说，“读到这里，我特别激动。”

　　“一开始，大家连什么是干垃圾、湿垃圾都分不清楚。”垃圾分类推行之初，华磊组织志愿者挨家挨户分发垃圾分类宣传画册、冰箱贴等，还通过开展垃圾分类趣味竞赛、拾荒慢跑等活动，提高居民垃圾分类的意识和参与度。几年坚持下来，成效显著，老百姓的参与度越来越高。

　　"In Jiaxing Road Street, Hongkou District, the rate of garbage sorting in the community has reached 100%, and the accuracy of delivery has reached 98%." According to the relevant person in charge of Jiaxing Road Street, the street has formulated five working mechanisms including "three-level management, classified inspection, supervision and rectification, analysis and evaluation, and volunteer training", including the assessment of garbage classification work neighborhood committees and the inspection mechanism of domestic garbage classification. More than 100 batches of teams from all over the country came to study and study.

　　Residents are putting garbage in an orderly way. Photo courtesy of Hongkou District Rong Media Center

　　In the past four years, Shanghai has been keeping an eye on "key little things", and garbage sorting has brought real changes to the community appearance and ecological environment. A set of data recently released by the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Greening and Appearance can be seen:

　　The actual effect of domestic waste sorting remained stable, the amount of wet waste separated was basically stable at about 35% of the total dry and wet waste, and the average daily recovery amount of recyclable materials reached 7284 tons; The compliance rate of residential area classification has increased from 15% before the implementation of Shanghai Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations to over 95% at present, and the compliance rate of unit classification has reached 95%. The terminal resource treatment capacity of domestic waste has been steadily improved. The total capacity of incineration and wet waste resource utilization in the city has exceeded 36,000 tons/day, and the recycling rate of domestic waste has reached 42%, achieving "zero landfill" of primary domestic waste.

　　From "throwing into a basket" to "subdividing into four buckets", from prescribed actions to conscious actions, from new fashions to good habits, garbage sorting has become a microcosm of Shanghai’s efforts to promote grassroots governance with "embroidery kung fu" and a vivid embodiment of megacities’ green development.

　　The concept of green and low carbon is integrated into every detail of urban governance.

　　Nowadays, in the Ruiyi residential area where Hualei is located, the newly renovated garbage house is equipped with photovoltaic solar panels, and the power generation can be directly used by the lights on the ceiling of the garbage house, which is low-carbon and energy-saving!

　　The garbage room is equipped with photovoltaic solar panels. People’s Daily reporter Tang Xiaoli photo

　　In the second phase of Ruihong, the demonstration project of garbage recycling boutique is also in progress. "Now the residents’ enthusiasm for garbage sorting is even higher, and suggestions should be made to do a better job in garbage sorting in the community and practice the concept of low-carbon environmental protection." Talking about the demonstration site project, Lei Guoxing said that some young people in the community suggested that transforming the community into a zero-carbon community and upgrading the garbage wing to a smarter and smarter version should not only be "tall" but also "grounded".

　　Therefore, nine young volunteers with professional design background in the community volunteered to participate in the renovation of the design smart garbage wing. "In another month, this 24-hour smart garbage wing, which integrates low-carbon and environmental protection elements such as code scanning delivery, parent-child sink, solar panel, exhaust fan and fine classification delivery area, will be completed."

　　Ruihong phase II intelligent garbage wing design. Photo courtesy of Jiaxing Road Street, Hongkou District

　　As Lei Guoxing said, after four years of comprehensive implementation, in Shanghai, garbage classification is no longer a simple literal meaning, and it is moving towards a deeper low-carbon environmental protection new life.

　　The concept of green and low carbon goes first, and it is indispensable to empower smart technology.

　　Since October 2019, Jiaxing Road Street has cooperated with third-party enterprises to promote the unified and intelligent transformation of "technology+management" for garbage classification, installed intelligent sensor cameras and voice reminder systems for the classified delivery points in the jurisdiction, and developed application software to create a "smart brain" for garbage classification.

　　Nowadays, in Jiaxing Road Street, through the functions of remote supervision, real-time intercom, voice reminder and online tracing of the delivery behavior App, the delivery of garbage compartments in the community is inspected and monitored in real time, so that timely discovery, rectification and timely response can be achieved, and the concerns of residents can be solved.

　　Of course, not only garbage sorting, but also examples of technology enabling green and low-carbon life abound in Shanghai.

　　In recent years, Putuo District of Shanghai has been actively carrying out the action of creating distinctive green communities through the "One Street, One Town, One Plan", and green homes with leisure, strollability and temperature have gradually emerged around the citizens.

　　The first workers’ village in New China is now reborn. Photo courtesy of Cao Yang Xincun Street, Putuo District

　　Yuanyuan Community, known as Cao Yang Village, was founded in 1951 and is the first worker’s village in New China. Now it has become a model case of green community.

　　Beautiful roads such as Huaxi Road, Fengqiao Road and Tangpu Road have been built in and around Yuanyuan Community. All roads are made of environmentally-friendly permeable bricks, which are not only beautiful and practical, but also can better store water sources and achieve the effect of regulating local temperature and humidity and optimizing air quality. Tree-lined roads combined with Cao Yang’s unique river system around the river form a comfortable and livable community ecological environment.

　　5G artificial intelligence lamppost installed in Yuanyuan community. Photo courtesy of Cao Yang Xincun Street, Putuo District

　　It is worth mentioning that Yuanyuan community also has a "smart model". In addition to the new energy charging piles, the community has also installed 5G artificial intelligence light poles, which can simultaneously realize smart lighting, environmental monitoring, LED advertising screen, video monitoring and other functions. The outdoor intelligent "public living room" has a unique intelligent ceiling and roller blinds, which can also be automatically controlled according to the weather conditions, and it is full of science and technology.

　　This old community, which has existed for 72 years and bears a strong historical memory, has been rejuvenated.

　　In the governance of Shanghai, a super-large city, taking green and low carbon as a necessary option into every work detail is an improvement of governance concept and governance efficiency for the government management level. For the citizens, the advantages of green and low carbon and ecological civilization are even more tangible and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

Reporter Wang Zhen

Macro news

The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development requires all localities to promptly put forward a list of real estate projects that can be given financing support.

According to the website of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development held a deployment meeting of the coordination mechanism for urban real estate financing on Friday. The meeting pointed out that in view of the current financing problems of some real estate projects, all localities should focus on projects, pay close attention to research and put forward a list of real estate projects that can be given financing support, coordinate the issuance of loans by financial institutions within their respective administrative regions, and accurately and effectively support reasonable financing needs. Before the end of this month, loans can be obtained after the first batch of projects are listed.

The Ministry of Commerce said it would strive to introduce a new round of stable foreign trade policy as soon as possible.

Wang Wentao, Minister of Commerce, said on Friday that some suggestions and demands put forward by local governments and enterprises have been thoroughly explored some time ago, and a new round of policy research and evaluation is being made, so as to be introduced as soon as possible, forming a combination boxing with the original policies and giving full play to the synergy between the new policies and the existing policies to a greater extent.

Related reading: The Ministry of Commerce said that it will step up the introduction of new foreign trade policies and accelerate the cultivation of three new kinetic energy.　

In 2023, the national key 40-city rental market as a whole showed a recovery.

According to the 2023 National Rental Market Report released by 58 Tongcheng and Anjuke on Friday, in 2023, the overall rental market of 40 key cities in China showed a recovery trend, and the market supply and demand performance rebounded sharply compared with 2022, with the rental price index of 27 cities rising year-on-year.

Guangzhou supports state-owned capital to hold nursery service group.

On Friday, the General Office of the Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government issued the Three-year Action Plan for the Construction of Care Service System for Infants under 3 in Guangzhou (2023-2025), which mentioned that state-owned enterprises at municipal and district levels should be encouraged to set up care service groups to lead the development of the city’s care work. By 2025, relying on state-owned capital to establish a nursery service group, adding 5000 places.

The exchange meeting between the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Japanese economic delegation to China was held in Beijing

There are many ways to eliminate the tire pressure lamp of Golf 7.

First of all, you can operate through the navigation system: open the navigation, click the menu, find the original car settings, there will be tire pressure options, click to enter and follow the prompts to eliminate the operation. Secondly, if you change the music system, you can find the original car information button inside, find the tire button after entering, then enter to see the TPMS settings, click reset and press OK. In addition, you can also operate through the buttons on the steering wheel: first press an upward arrow on the left side of the steering wheel, then press the R key on the table, and then press the plus sign on the right side of the steering wheel to restart the vehicle to eliminate the tire pressure light. Finally, you can also find the multi-function steering wheel for reset operation. These methods can effectively eliminate the tire pressure lamp of golf 7.

Extremely popular journalist Xu Ping.

On the evening of September 12th, 2023, the 2023 International Football Friendly Tournament was held at the Phoenix Mountain Professional Football Stadium in Chengdu. Compared with the Malaysian team, the China men’s soccer team had a good attitude, but the strength was not enough for them to score goals. In the end, it lost to the Syrian team 0-1, which was the first time that the national football team lost to its opponent in the warm-up match.

In the last World War I with Malaysia, the national football team scored a goal first, and with the help of Lin Liangming’s long-range shot from the front of the restricted area, it drew 1-1 with its opponent. At the last moment of the game, the national football team needlessly dropped the ball in the backcourt, which aroused the dissatisfaction of the fans on the scene and sent a burst of boos, thinking that they were "not enterprising".

In this game, the attitude of the national football team has been greatly improved, and it has done its best at both ends of attack and defense. At the press conference before the game, jankovic and Wu Lei both expressed their hope for the fans to fight for the next victory.

yan junling

Compared with Malaysia, which ranks 136th in the world, Syria, which ranks 94th, is stronger, and the national football team is not sure of winning. In the first half, the two sides drew 0-0. Yi bian fought again, and the two sides continued to fall into a dogfight. In the 58th minute, Kruma suddenly shot an arrow in the back. Although Yan Junling flew to save the ball at the first time, the ball went straight into the net in a dead corner, leaving China behind 0-1. In fact, before this, the Syrian team had scored a goal, but after the intervention of VAR, it was ruled that the offside goal was invalid.

After the score fell behind, the national football team’s offensive became more prosperous, but it was still unable to score goals. In the end, the national football team had to accept the result of failure. At the press conference after the match, jankovic, the head coach of the national football team, commented on the match: After the match with Malaysia, I asked the players to improve their pace and energy. Today is bad luck, we didn’t win the game, and of course we fought very hard. We tried many changes and worked hard in the end. We can’t say that we didn’t have a chance in the end, but we were unlucky and didn’t score in the end.

In response to a reporter’s choice of goalkeeper, jankovic said that he can only say congratulations on Syria’s world wave, which neither Yan Junling nor Wang Dalei could reach there. Jankovic also said that it was a competitive game and collected useful information for the future. Congratulations to the Syrian team, which also fought hard and won the away game. We must have struggled to lose at home, and now we can only look on the positive side and continue to work hard.

(Source: Xinhua News Agency data map)

(Source: Jimu News)

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Compared with celebrities and online celebrity, the street shooting style is more suitable for ordinary people, and there will be no sense of gap after the network returns to reality. The practical and easy-to-use way of wearing has saved many ordinary girls from dressing difficulties.

See the city street shooting and taste the trend culture.. Taiwan Province has a combination of Chinese and Western culture, and is deeply influenced by it in fashion. Walking on the streets of Taiwan Province, you will find that local girls are very good at dressing themselves.

One of the most typical is"clothes missing"Wear it, mix autumn and winter clothes with summer items, and the shape presented is warm and fashionable, which is very eye-catching ~

First, unlock the "missing clothes" to make the winter style more fashionable.

① Emphasize the sense of style contrast between the upper and lower items, and the modeling is more layered.

In fact, the wearing method of "missing clothes" is not strange, that is, it is to combine items from two different seasons.The silhouette of the garment covers the bottom garment, giving people a visual sense of "no bottom garment"Further, it emphasizes the style attributes of the upper and lower items, and the overall shape is more fashionable and layered. In autumn and winter, the return rate is 100%.

(2) increase the exposed skin area of legs to achieve the effect of height and thinness.

The most taboo in autumn and winter is to dress too bloated, and it is easy to feel very tacky if you are fat. And the "missing clothes" wearing methodRelieves the heavy feeling visually., and increases the exposed skin area below the thigh, which has the effects of showing height, slimming and leg length.Improve the fashion of modeling and optimize the proportion of the body..

(3) abandoned the bloated winter styling, wearing more fashionable and eye-catching.

From the fashion point of view, the "missing clothes" wearing method not only abandons the bloated feeling, but also gives people a refreshing feeling. Some people may ask whether this way of wearing will be too cold, but it won’t. You can choose trench coats, coats and even down jackets for the upper body.It only increases a certain exposed skin area, and the warm-keeping work is still in place.

First, to achieve the "lower body missing" wearing method, choosing the right item is the key.

01. The length of the coat should skip the crotch, and the version should be loose.

In order to achieve the "missing clothes" wearing method, it is very important to choose the right clothing item. The length of the coat must skip the crotch, and it must have the effect of covering the bottom; And the version should be slightly looser, mainly in silhouette, and the meat cover is also thinner.

for exampleSuit, windbreaker, coat or down jacketThey are all recommended tops.It increases the internal space allowance and can cover the lower body well.

02. The bottoms should not be longer than thighs, and should not be too bloated and fluffy.

For the choice of bottom garment, its length must not be too long, otherwise it is necessary to increase the length of the garment to realize the "missing bottom garment" wearing method.The length of the bottom fitting should not exceed the thigh, and it is better to cover the hip and hip position; And the version should not be too bloated, if it is a little self-cultivation..

for exampleShort skirts, shorts and short seamless pantsAll of them can form a "missing clothes" wearing method with different styles of tops, making the shape warm, fashionable and slim.

Third, Taiwan Province girls’ demonstration of "missing clothes" and interpretation of different styles.

(1) suit+shorts, with loafers elegant and fashionable.

Combining the silhouette suit with the ultra shorts, the length of the suit completely covers the ultra shorts, and only the legs are exposed to achieve the effect of being tall and thin. Suits can choose casual styles with ribbon elements, and it is more fashionable to abandon the sense of formality; Paired with a pair of loafers and stockings, it looks intellectual and stylish.

(2) leather+short skirt, fabric attributes echo more advanced.

The upper body is matched with a leather coat, and the lower body is matched with a leather skirt and boots. The fabrics of the upper and lower items echo each other, and the leather fabrics are selected, which improves the overall coordination of modeling and also highlights the beautiful and elegant side of women. A blouse can brighten the vision with bright colors and add more feminine colors.

(3) windbreaker+short skirt, wearing the same color is higher.

"windbreaker+short skirt" is more suitable for girls who are taller and more temperament. Next, with long boots, use the same color principle to stretch the vision vertically, and then enlarge the figure advantage, highlighting the tall figure, slim and tall, and looking simple and advanced!

(The picture is from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please delete it.)

In June, 2022, the Beijing News Book Review Weekly and Cultural Living Room joined hands with Century Wenjing to jointly launch the theme activity "Going back to the time and going to the scene: the gaze and writing of history". When the stagnant time restarts, we take "history" as a method to reposition ourselves. 5 online activities, 12 famous guests, spanning history and stories, fields and texts, art and archaeology.

In the third session of the series, Yu Yunguo, a professor at the School of Humanities of Shanghai Normal University, and Lin Hu, an associate researcher at the Institute of Ancient History of the China Academy of Social Sciences, shared the theme of "Accident and Inevitability Behind the Rise and Fall of Northern Song Society". Speaking of the Song Dynasty, Chen Yinque once praised: "The culture of the Chinese nation has evolved for thousands of years and reached its peak in the Zhao and Song Dynasties." Then, how did it turn from prosperity to decline in the middle and late period, and it struggled in internal and external worries?

Looking back at the history of the Northern Song Dynasty, we will find that: internally, the traditional characteristics of attaching importance to civil administration in the Northern Song Dynasty are distinct, and Wang Anshi’s political reform was even more turbulent; Externally, it has been confronted with Liao and Xixia for a long time, and the interactive game between them is intriguing. When we get rid of the historical fog and return to the historical scene, the possibilities and inevitability in the historical process are worth pondering. At the same time, we may also be able to reflect on the development and evolution of the historical research concepts behind it.

"The interpretation of history is diverse." During the dialogue, Yu Yunguo and Lin Gu repeatedly emphasized this proposition. So, what does this "diversity" mean? For the public, it has long been a cliche that the same historical event can be explained from different angles, but despite being mentioned many times, when facing the specific historical context, one-dimensional interpretation still prevails. In Yu Yunguo’s view, this kind of "pluralism" actually means that there is no so-called "inevitable historical process", which is particularly evident in the social rise and fall of the Northern Song Dynasty.

As far as historical events are concerned, "pluralism" means opening to complex dynamics, and it needs to be studied from different angles to fully present it. Why is it said that the alliance of Chanyuan in the history of the Northern Song Dynasty may be "unyielding but not humiliating"? And how should we view the relationship between Qingli New Deal and Wang Anshi’s political reform?

As far as individuals in history are concerned, "diversity" also means facing up to the complexity of people. Sima Guang, who finished the famous historian Zi Zhi Tong Jian, is a great historian, but from the perspective of politicians, how should we evaluate his image? Song Shenzong’s likes and dislikes in the battle of Yongle City are well known, but above the court, he also has a mature side as a king.

"Going back to the historical process, what we should learn is a kind of compromise and balance." Yu Yunguo said frankly, only in this way can the so-called political wisdom finally turn into a kind of wisdom, and truly feed back the individual’s life. Lin Gu also said that only by looking at one’s life through political history can one truly touch the contingency and inevitability in the historical process.

Foreign relations in the Northern Song Dynasty: the alliance of Chanyuan was "unyielding but not humiliating", and the celebration of the calendar increased money or became a watershed.

In the political history of the Northern Song Dynasty, how to deal with its own relationship with Liao and Xixia has always been controversial. According to traditional historiography, since the beginning of the alliance of Chanyuan, the Northern Song Dynasty seems to have opened its humiliating road to peace. However, in recent years, many historians have called for a re-evaluation of the historical significance of the alliance of Chanyuan. In the dialogue, Lin Huan believed that the alliance of Chanyuan was actually "unyielding and not humiliating".

League of Chanyuan: In 1005, the Northern Song Dynasty signed a contract with Liao. Song and Liao were brotherly countries, with Baigou River as the border. Song provided Liao with 102,000 silver and 200,000 silks (in fact, they were old coins) every year. After more than a hundred years, there was no large-scale war between Song and Liao.

Lin Gu mentioned that in the initial confrontation between the Song and Liao Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty was not necessarily inferior. As far as the comparison of military strength between the two sides is concerned, the Liao army at that time actually avoided Song Jun’s main force and went around to the Yellow River. There was no large-scale military conflict between the two sides along the way, and the comparison of combat strength lacked intuitive presentation. On the other hand, Song also prepared for the decisive battle with Liao, and the speculation that Song people abandoned the city and fled in the traditional interpretation is open to question.

Then, back to the historical context, do people really think that the alliance of Chanyuan is a shame? By combing the relevant historical materials, Lin Gu found that Song Zhenzong and most courtiers were actually very satisfied with this, which ended the chaotic war situation in the north for more than 200 years and re-entered a new stage of relative stability. This also explains the original intention of the "Book of Heaven" in the near future, and the whole country celebrated a long-lost peace. It was not that the Song Dynasty tried to show the superiority of the cultural level through ritual activities because it thought that the alliance of the Yuan Dynasty was humiliated. Although this activity gradually went out of shape, it consumed a lot of financial and material resources and became a farce.

"Celestial Book" Sacrifice: Since 1008, Song Zhenzong has carried out a decade-long "Celestial Book" sacrifice activity, with a grand ceremony to seal Mount Tai to the east, and then went to Shanxi to worship the afterlife.

Song Zhenzong statue, the third emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Lin Hu added that only by fine-tuning the judgment of the alliance of Chanyuan and other events can we deeply understand the social mood in the late Song Dynasty. After the signing of the Covenant, the illusion of permanent peace pervaded the Song people for a long time, so that after hitting the cold reality in the later period, they still couldn’t come back.

In this regard, Yu Yunguo recognized the rationality and progressive significance of the alliance at the initial stage, but he also mentioned that the interpretation of political history needs to be cut from multiple levels. Taking the sacrifice of "Tianshu" as an example, in addition to "celebrating peace", the rhetoric of the alliance under the city will inevitably stir up Song Zhenzong’s emotions, which makes the sacrifice itself contain the meaning of psychological compensation. In addition, it was obvious that the Great Song Dynasty at that time also hoped to improve its position in the East Asian political circle, which constituted another aspect of the "sacred book".

So, from a long-term historical perspective, what is the impact of the alliance of Eton on the foreign relations of the Northern Song Dynasty?

According to historical records, the alliance of Chanyuan actually ushered in new changes soon. During the period of Song Renzong, when Song and Xia became hostile, Liao took advantage of the fire to propose to increase the annual currency on the basis of the alliance of Chanyuan, and the Northern Song Dynasty finally compromised, which was called "increasing the currency by celebrating the calendar" in history. Traditional historiography holds that the revision of this agreement brought the three regimes of Song, Liao and Xixia back into balance. However, in Lin Gu’s view, the increase of coins in Qingli was more like a watershed in the political history of the Northern Song Dynasty, but it actually broke the previous relative pattern.

Song Renzong in film and television dramas. Song Renzong was the fourth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. During his reign, the Northern Song Dynasty and Xia signed a "Qingli Peace Negotiation" to increase the annual currency to Liao, and later appointed Fan Zhongyan and others to carry out the "Qingli New Deal".

Lin Gu noticed that the transformation of this relative pattern originated from words. On the one hand, in the alliance of Chanyuan, it was equal help to pay the old coins in the name of "help" in the North Song Dynasty, but this expression was replaced by "Na" in the increase of coins in Qingli, and the position of the word difference was very different. On the other hand, half of the increased 200,000-year-old coins came from Liao in the Song Dynasty, asking the latter to come forward and subdue Xixia’s "hard work". This move essentially broke the original equal relationship between Song and Liao Dynasties.

"This is equivalent to the Liao Dynasty completely becoming the boss, while the Song Dynasty became the younger brother who needed to seek asylum."

Yu Yunguo affirmed Lin Gu’s observation. He thought that it was a new viewpoint in the history of history of the Northern Song Dynasty to regard the increase of coins in the Qing Dynasty as a watershed. This judgment was helpful to re-examine the internal turning point of politics in the Northern Song Dynasty, which gradually took root in the people’s ideas and evolved into a long-lasting "fear of Liao" that permeated the ruling and opposition parties in the Northern Song Dynasty, and even had the same origin as the "fear of gold" in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, Yu Yunguo also suggested that the relationship among Song, Liao and Xixia should be viewed as a whole in the context of internal and external interaction, which was also continuously influenced by the internal political and social trends of the Northern Song Dynasty.

The internal affairs reform in the Northern Song Dynasty: The Qing Li New Deal laid the groundwork, but Wang Anshi’s political reform was powerless.

In the late Northern Song Dynasty, a series of persistent ailments appeared in the social process, which made the political reform imperative. However, whether it was Qingli New Deal or Wang Anshi’s political reform, these attempts failed to reverse the decline of Song Dynasty from prosperity to decline. Tracing back to the source, people often blame Wang Anshi for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Gaozong even said in the Southern Song Dynasty: "The chaos in the world was born in Anshi." In this regard, Yu Yunguo believes that although Wang Anshi’s political performance in the process of political reform needs to be discussed, Wang Anshi’s political reform should be affirmed on the whole.

In Yu Yunguo’s view, on the one hand, in terms of the background of the times, Wang Anshi’s political reform is very necessary. With the easing of the political crisis in Song, Liao and Xixia countries, as well as the civil mutiny, Fan Zhongyan’s Qingli New Deal was pressed to pause. However, the deep-seated social problems have not been eradicated, which became the premise of Wang Anshi’s political reform.

On the other hand, the final failure of the political reform was influenced by many factors. The difficulty lies in the cooperation with the members of the class while damaging the vested interests, which determines that the political reform itself must need the support from Song Shenzong. "Simply attributing the problem to Wang Anshi is actually going beyond the original problem to talk about another problem. In the final analysis, there is a problem with the way of thinking."

In addition, the traditional view holds that Wang Anshi’s political reform was the beginning of party struggle in the Northern Song Dynasty. Lin Gu said that in fact, the atmosphere of party struggle in the Northern Song Dynasty had been formed before the Qingli New Deal, and the party disputes represented by Fan Zhongyan and Lv Yijian were once raging. However, today’s people are more willing to attribute the beginning of party struggle to Wang Anshi’s political reform. First, Wang Anshi’s influence on the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty is more lasting. Second, during the Qingli New Deal, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu and others were the main force of party struggle. Later in life, they denied their earlier personal opinions, but Wang Anshi was involved in the party struggle for a long time and even became more and more intense.

Although the party struggle was particularly obvious in the political history of the Song Dynasty in general, Yu Yunguo suggested that this phenomenon was actually an unavoidable problem in the study of the ancient autocratic monarchy. In his view, the actual operation of absolute monarchy depends on the support of the bureaucratic system of scholar-officials. In this process, it is almost an unavoidable choice for scholar-officials to win the favor of the monarch in order to better carry out their political opinions.

In order to ensure the effective combination of the autocratic monarchy system and the bureaucratic system of scholar-officials, the system of "remonstrating with officials" was initiated in the Song Dynasty, and this system once reached the best operation state in the middle and early Song Dynasty. But since Wang Anshi’s political reform, the operation of this system has gradually deteriorated. In order to promote the political reform, Wang Anshi pushed out all the Taiwan remonstrators who criticized the new law. Since then, Taiwan’s remonstrance officer, an outsider who used to act as a supervisor and constraint, has become a puppet following the political opinions of the minister in charge. Yu Yunguo said that with the disappearance of the impartiality and objectivity of the whole platform remonstrance system in the Northern Song Dynasty, extreme emotional confrontation and empty political ideas became the keynote of talking in court, which gradually aggravated the sense of crisis in the internal affairs of the Song Dynasty.

Individuals in the historical process: multiple explanations point to the complexity of people themselves.

As far as the change of internal affairs and diplomacy in the Northern Song Dynasty is concerned, the pluralistic interpretation of history always calls for different judgments on the same event. For individuals in the historical process, pluralism often points to the complexity of people themselves. How should future generations evaluate the limitations of individuals in the great era? In the conversation between Yu Yunguo and Lin Gu, both of them think that our understanding of historical figures today may be far from enough.

For example, Sima Guang, who presided over the "Genghua of Yuan You", as a historian, made outstanding contributions in compiling Zi Zhi Tong Jian, but as the first minister of political reform in the late Northern Song Dynasty, it is worth discussing. After Sima Guang came to power, he tried to completely abolish the original exemption law within five days. "This kind of quick success and instant benefit is really not a decision that a politician will make."

Yuan Yougeng: During the period of Song Zhezong (the seventh emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty), the old party headed by Sima Guang overthrew Wang Anshi’s political reform and restored the old legal system.

Exemption law: a law promulgated by Wang Anshi during the political reform period, in which the corvee can be exempted from the corvee at the expense of the government.

When it comes to the political history of the Northern Song Dynasty, the evaluation of Song Shenzong has always been controversial. What is the historical position of the emperor who wanted to do something most in the Northern Song Dynasty after Song Taizu? Yu Yunguo analyzed the emperor’s complexity by taking the opening of Xihe River as an example. During the Song Shenzong period, with the support of Prime Minister Wang Anshi and presided over by Wang Shao, the Song Dynasty successively recovered six states, namely Dang, Dui, Taohe, Min, He and Lin (Xi), which was called "Xihe River opens the border" in history. However, this sport, which now seems to be strategically desirable and has achieved good results, is actually suspicious in the end.

Lin Gu also said that the problem of opening the Xihe River lies in Song Shenzong’s wrong expectation of this strategy, which he tried to make Xixia be attacked between Scylla and Charybdis, and to destroy Xixia in one fell swoop to achieve reunification. However, after the Northern Song Dynasty suffered successive defeats in Lingzhou and Yongle City, Song Shenzong turned a blind eye and remained immersed in the illusion of the destruction of Xixia.

Song Shenzong statue. Song Shenzong, the sixth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty.

In contrast, Song Shenzong was totally different when dealing with the relationship with Liao. When confronting the Liao army, its arrogance in the face of Xixia was completely replaced by the fear of being afraid of everything. In other words, "Liao phobia" seems to be particularly prominent in Song Shenzong. Yu Yunguo analyzed that in the issue of Liao, Song Shenzong actually showed a "humble" attitude, but this mentality imbalance was unexpectedly rebalanced on the Xixia issue. When facing Xixia, he seemed to be the superior who felt good about himself. The more polarized one end is, the opposite end will gallop in the opposite direction. This is an incomprehensible behavior to others, and the parties actually get psychological compensation and balance from it.

| Extended reading |

Water Margin for Song Dynasty

Author: Yu Yunguo

Press: Century Wenjing | Shanghai People’s Publishing House

Worry: Border Affairs, Party Struggle and Politics in Northern Song Dynasty

Author: Lin gue

Press: Century Wenjing | Shanghai People’s Publishing House

Finishing/Shen Lu

Editor/Lv Wanting

Proofreading/Liu Jun