Central enterprises have achieved results in ＂losing weight＂. Over the past three years, more than 14,000 legal persons have been reduced.
In recent years, more and more central enterprises have entered the top 500 in the world and become a decisive force in the international market.
On the artificial island No.5 Nanbao, Jidong Oilfield, PetroChina, Tangshan, Hebei Province, which ranks third in the list of the world’s top 500 companies in 2018, employees are carrying out workover operations against strong winds.
Yang Junshe (People’s Vision)
The number of corporate households in central enterprises decreased by 26.9%, exceeding the three-year target, and all the management levels were controlled within level 5 (inclusive), and the "slimming and fitness" achieved remarkable results — — This is the news that the reporter learned from the video conference held by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) of the State Council recently on "compressing management levels and reducing the number of legal persons" (hereinafter referred to as "reducing work").
What are the legal persons and levels of pressure reduction? With fewer enterprises, what about employees? The three-year mission ended, how to go in the future? The reporter conducted an interview.
Eliminate overstaffing
— — Accumulated reduction of more than 14,000 legal persons.
At present, 48 central enterprises have entered the world’s top 500, accounting for 50% of the total number of central enterprises, but the discussion on how to make central enterprises bigger, better and stronger has never stopped.
With the increase in volume, in recent years, some central enterprises have bloated institutions and long management chains, which affect the operational efficiency of enterprises; There are also some enterprises with a large number of legal persons, poor local operation quality, or "many but not specialized" in the field, which affects the forging of core competitiveness of enterprises. "Slimming" has become an important task for many central enterprises.
In May 2016, the executive meeting of the State Council put forward clear requirements for the central enterprises to carry out the reduction work, including striving to reduce the number of corporate households by about 20% within three years and build a lean and efficient management organization.
In the past three years, central enterprises have focused on "slimming and keeping fit". According to the data of the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, as of May 31, 2019, the number of corporate entities in central enterprises has decreased by more than 14,000, with a reduction ratio of 26.9%, exceeding the three-year target. All the management levels are controlled within level 5 (inclusive), and the number of enterprises with corporate level above level 10 is reduced to 5, and the highest level is reduced to level 12.
Which legal persons are "reduced"? What are the levels of "pressure"?
The reporter learned that as a legal person, many enterprises have combined the reduction work with the reform work of dealing with difficulties, removing production capacity and structural adjustment. For example, China Petroleum has included non-main businesses, similar businesses, zombie enterprises, extremely poor enterprises, closed businesses, no development prospects, inefficiency and other legal persons in the scope of reduction, focusing on clearing out "four types" of legal persons such as three-year continuous losses, insolvency, shell companies and loss-making enterprises with annual operating income less than 10 million yuan, and accumulating 614 households in the past three years. According to the data of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, about 60% of the reduced corporate units of central enterprises are unprofitable enterprises, and more than half of them are loss-making enterprises.
In terms of hierarchy, many enterprises combine pressure reduction with strengthening management to improve the level of management and control. For example, Chinalco implemented strategic reorganization of key enterprises with long management levels, and integrated management of China Copper, Yunnan Copper Group and Yunnan Metallurgical Group. The overall management level was upgraded by one level, the organization was reduced by 36.8%, and the proportion of agency managers was reduced by 23%, which significantly improved the operational efficiency.
"The three-year reduction work has eliminated ‘ Bloated ’ The overall appearance of central enterprises has changed significantly. " Hao Peng, Party Secretary and Director of the State Council SASAC, said.
One enterprise, one policy
— — Adopt various methods such as industrial and commercial cancellation, bankruptcy liquidation, etc., and arrange millions of employees reasonably.
How to realize the pressure reduction?
"We are in the reduction work, according to ‘ One enterprise, one policy ’ Principle, no ‘ One size fits all ’ There are no rigid restrictions on new enterprises in special fields such as emerging industries, and project companies and special purpose companies (SPV) are managed and treated differently. The central enterprises have classified policies, pioneered and innovated, and implemented pressure reduction in various ways. " Bai Yingzi, chief accountant of the State Council SASAC, said.
Among the reduced corporate legal persons, industrial and commercial cancellation accounted for 49.8%; The proportion of transferring controlling rights is 23.2%, among which the controlling rights of 1930 enterprises are transferred to private enterprises; The proportion of "subsidiaries changed to branches" was 10.1%; 13% are absorbed or newly merged; Bankruptcy and liquidation accounted for 3.9%.
In practice, each enterprise chooses its own method according to local conditions. For example, China Petroleum adopts a comprehensive policy. First, it promotes business restructuring and integration, and optimizes and adjusts a batch. Promote the optimization and integration of legal persons in the same region, the same business and the same industrial chain, adjust the industrial structure, and solve redundant construction and horizontal competition.
The second is to promote equity diversification and package and dispose of a batch. For enterprises with multiple legal persons in the property right chain, by introducing external investors, unilaterally increasing capital, market-oriented packaging and disposal, etc., the parent company will realize the shareholding change and complete the batch reduction.
The third is to win policy support and clean up and quit a batch. Carry out the agency model, hire professional institutions, open a green channel, and solve the industrial and commercial cancellation registration of enterprises that have been closed for many years, their business licenses have been revoked, and their information is missing. Properly handle the problem of the branch company inheriting the qualifications and licenses of the legal person enterprise, and promote the transformation of the subsidiary company into a branch.
The number of enterprises has been reduced. What about employees?
According to reports, the reduction of central enterprises involves about 1 million employees, and the rights and interests of employees are effectively protected during the reduction process. 94% of employees are resettled within the group or transferred to other units along with the assets and business of the enterprise, and 6% of employees leave the enterprise through agreement.
Focus on long-term effect
— — Intensify the adjustment of layout structure
The results of the reduction are not only reflected in the changes in figures, but also benefited from the operating conditions, industrial structure and reform work of enterprises.
The quality of assets has improved significantly. Through the reduction work, the cost and loss of central enterprises are effectively controlled, the asset quality is optimized and the labor productivity is improved. According to statistics, the reduction has reduced direct labor costs by 29.2 billion yuan and management costs by 24.6 billion yuan. For example, China Petroleum reduced its management expenses by nearly 2 billion yuan and recovered 18.7 billion yuan. In 2018, the return on investment of the joint venture company was 3.9 times that of 2016.
The industrial structure has been continuously optimized. Many enterprises take the opportunity of reducing their work to further focus on the development of their main industries and enhance their core competitiveness. For example, Chinalco shut down backward production capacity and stopped the "bleeding point". In the past three years, it has shut down 2.19 million tons of alumina production capacity, 1.64 million tons of electrolytic aluminum production capacity, 440,000 tons of processing capacity and 300,000 tons of coal production capacity. At the same time, we promoted specialization and concentration, and established platform companies such as Chinalco Logistics, Chinalco Environmental Protection and Chinalco Intelligence to implement stock integration and realize professional operation.
The reform work was promoted in coordination. Many enterprises combine the reduction work with the reform of mixed ownership, divesting enterprises from social functions, and streamlining headquarters functional institutions. Through the reduction work, the functional departments of the central enterprise headquarters decreased by 118 in total, and the number of employees decreased by 3755.
"The results of three years of pressure reduction can be said to be hard-won." Hao Peng stressed, at the same time, we should see that the new situation and new tasks have put forward new requirements for the work of pressure reduction, which is a work of laying a foundation and establishing a long-term future, and we cannot relax and rest. The next step should be to change from "temporary solution" to "permanent solution", focusing on strengthening the adjustment of layout structure and improving the efficiency of state-owned assets allocation.
It is understood that the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) will continue to strengthen supervision and carry out monthly monitoring statistics on the changes in the number of legal persons and levels of central enterprises. All central enterprises should promptly establish and improve the management methods for the number of legal persons and levels, take effective measures to control them, and ensure the formation of an effective long-term mechanism for controlling the number of legal persons and levels, so as to achieve "reduction" before starting. (Our reporter Li Jie)