Shops and convenience stores in Shanghai are being reshuffled.

　　Carrefour has been operating in China for more than 20 years, and the new owner has been replaced by Suning; Metro, which entered almost at the same time as Carrefour, is also looking for the receiver of China business … … Even ordinary consumers can clearly feel this change when walking on the street — — Traditional hypermarkets such as e-mart and Tesco are gradually withdrawing from the downtown area and being replaced by various new supermarkets and convenience stores. Among them, there are foreign brands such as ALDI, the century-old supermarket chain in Germany, Costco, the second largest retail supermarket in the world, and new brands hatched by domestic capital such as Pick’n Go, Suning Store, Ole’s boutique supermarket and G-Super. Shanghai’s supermarket industry has become more and more lively.

　　Every round of survival of the fittest, Shanghai’s supermarket industry is evolving itself. Every brand is constantly trying and growing in this new era of consumption, letting go of the game between technological upgrading and business model change. And all business comes from the most basic variable, the consumer.

　　■ Wen Wei Po reporter Xu Jinghui

　　Giant game

　　Those who can’t run fast will eventually be eliminated

　　In the early 1990s, the supermarket format entered Shanghai for the first time, and it has reached the stage of standing in the thirties. However, this mature system is not calm, and "undercurrent surging" is the most appropriate adjective to describe the current state of this industry.

　　At the end of last month, Suning.cn announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary Suning International planned to invest 4.8 billion yuan to acquire 80% shares of Carrefour China, thus swallowing this "behemoth" with an operating income of nearly 30 billion yuan in China. Not only Carrefour, but also the "Big Mac" supermarkets in the past seem to have a "middle-aged crisis". Lotte, e-mart, Tesco and other brands have withdrawn one after another, while Metro has been seeking to sell its China business … …

　　The "vacancy" in the market has been replaced by new brands with stronger capital. Box Ma Xiansheng, hatched from Alibaba, became the main store for major shopping centers in just three years, and successfully embarked on the "C position"; Tencent invested heavily in Yonghui’s new format "super species", which expanded rapidly nationwide; Greenland Group’s G-Super Greenland, which lays out the retail industry, is preferably fully expanded in first-and second-tier cities, with 31 stores opened in Shanghai alone … … These supermarkets rooted in shopping centers have gradually replaced the original "single-family" hypermarkets.

　　The same situation also appeared in the convenience store industry. Many years ago, small convenience stores such as Keke, Haode, Liangyou and Diatiantian, which were all over the streets of Shanghai, were shrinking, while Japanese brands such as Family and Rosen developed steadily, while a number of new brands such as Suning Store and Convenience Bee rose, with the blessing of giants such as Suning, Tencent and Gaoyou Capital.

　　Looking at the reshuffle of the supermarket industry, behind the giant game is actually the transformation of business philosophy: when the development and reform of a format can’t beat the market and consumers, it will inevitably go downhill. In the past, the supermarket format faced a market that had not been developed by e-commerce, and consumers had to rely on the offline shopping environment. Therefore, the intensive and one-stop shopping environment was favored. With the impact and integration of e-commerce, the past business model has been difficult to meet the needs of current consumers.

　　The re-opening of the supermarket industry, the traditional hypermarkets represented by Yonghui and RT Mart, and the new brands represented by Boxma Xiansheng, have similar paths — — Seamless online and offline links to speed up home service. In March last year, RT Mart’s "online ordering and offline delivery" service was fully rolled out. Bin Yuan, a new retailer in RT Mart, revealed in an interview that although this transformation is difficult, the effect is quite obvious after the integration of online and offline, which not only greatly improves the efficiency, but also makes the consumer structure younger, which is the most desirable change of traditional hypermarkets.

　　Consumer competition

　　Adjust the strategy according to consumer preferences

　　In this round of reshuffle, the change of business model comes from the most basic variable of consumers. A report from Deloitte shows that the rapid economic development in China has stimulated the consumption demand of the younger generation. Different from the previous generation of consumers, young consumers pay more attention to convenient, personalized and high-quality shopping experience.

　　Judging from the shopping habits of the main consumers, such as post-80s, post-90s and even post-00s, they are fundamentally different from the previous generation: post-80s and post-60s like to browse the promotional advertisements stuffed into mailboxes in supermarkets, then get on the free shuttle bus early in the morning and buy all the discounted daily necessities at once in the stores. However, the post-80s and post-90s are not like this. As far as their eyes are concerned, the "June 18th Promotion" and the "double 11" online carnival are the two major shopping labels at the middle and end of the year, respectively. Those daily necessities such as paper towels, toiletries and baby diapers are purchased at a low price at one time. Even if they "improvise" and move their fingers, these standard products can basically be purchased from all over the country in one day.

　　The change of consumers’ shopping habits has a great impact on hypermarkets. Some surveys show that in first-tier cities, the frequency of young consumers going to large supermarkets can be calculated by "month", which makes the "Big Mac" have to make strategic adjustments around the changes in consumer demand.

　　At present, a relatively successful adjustment model is the development of large-scale enterprises with ultra-miniaturization. For example, Easy Carrefour is a successful case. Its most obvious benefit lies in cost saving. On the one hand, those goods with high online shopping rate gradually withdraw from the shelves, greatly reducing the area of the supermarket; On the other hand, these supermarkets, with an area of about 1,000 square meters, mainly focus on fresh food, imported food, beverages and other products with high repurchase rate and instant consumption, which can filter the positive impact brought by e-commerce to the maximum extent.

　　The development of large-scale supermarkets towards miniaturization is also helpful to its site selection. Previously, "Big Mac" stores loved "single-family" stores, with all kinds of parking lots and shuttle buses. Now, entering shopping centers is not only easier to operate than big stores, but also easier to reach young consumers, and it is also convenient for large-scale expansion.

　　From a deep perspective, the miniaturization of big stores is also a reasonable combination of the whole supply chain to optimize in depth. Nowadays, these scattered supermarkets are already composed of two parts — — Front store and back warehouse. The function of "front store" further flies away in the direction of "emergency+experience", such as fresh products, beverage products and so on; The "back warehouse" has turned into a "front warehouse" for online shopping users, stocking according to big data and responding to online shopping needs.

　　Cost bottom line

　　Looking for breakthrough direction in "actuarial science"

　　The reshuffle of Shanghai Shangchao format is also closely related to cost. At the end of 1990s, when the first batch of hypermarkets entered Shanghai, they signed multi-year leases in one breath. Now, most of them quit because the leases expired and they could not afford high rents.

　　But the latecomers also have to face the cost game — — The premise of any business model is profitability. In the era of supermarkets with high rents and high labor costs, new solutions are needed.

　　Starting from the "variable" of consumers, fresh products with high gross profit have become the main direction of major brands. In this matter, as big as box horse fresh, super species, Ole’ Boutique supermarkets, as small as Suning stores and Haode convenience stores, are all making efforts. As a matter of fact, the fresh-keeping strategy has achieved very good results in the early stage. This kind of goods with high repurchase rate and high gross profit margin can directly drive profit growth. Fresh products have made extremely important contributions to the reason why Box Horse Fresh Life’s first store in China can realize single-store profit so quickly.

　　However, we have to pay attention to the fact that when all brands are heading for running all the way, the rapidly saturated market makes this once-tried-and-tested model "kick the iron plate". Box Ma Xiansheng has closed its store for the first time this year, and Wanda Store in Wujiaochang, the first store of Yonghui Yunchuang’s super species in Shanghai, has recently closed its doors. According to Suning.cn’s financial report, the loss of Suning Store only reached 296 million yuan in the first seven months of 2018. With the rapid expansion of the store, this loss will expand sharply. How to stop loss will be a difficult problem that these brands must face.

　　To cope with the high cost, another way to solve the problem is to replace manpower with technology. For example, the newly-emerging brand Convenience Bee is equipped with unmanned payment equipment in all stores in Shanghai. In convenience stores that are open 24 hours a day, the work of the night clerk is mainly to receive goods, replenish goods, tally, etc., and the cashier work is replaced by intelligent technology equipment.

　　Before this, unmanned supermarkets were indeed booming. In 2017, Taobao’s "Amoy Coffee" became popular at the Creation Festival. Since then, all parts of the country have tried water without retail. However, from the current development, the cost of artificial intelligence is much higher than that of labor, which hinders the promotion of unmanned supermarkets. A retired employee of Binguo Box, an unmanned convenience store, told reporters that the company started to lay off employees at the end of last year, and it has plummeted from more than 500 people at its peak to more than 100 people now. However, Wei Xueqi, an associate professor in the Department of Information Management and Information Systems, School of Management, Fudan University, believes that the launch of the 5G commercial tide will be of great help to unmanned supermarkets in the next year or two. Once the technical cost can be greatly reduced, it will be able to support this new format. Accelerate development.

　　In addition, it is also a strategy to open a shop in the suburbs where the land price is cheaper. Whether it is a Sam member store in Qingpu or Pudong, or a market opening guest who is about to open, it is such a prudent business. Andrew Miles, president of Sam member store’s China business, calculated an account for the reporter: the cost of opening a store in the suburbs is only half of that of an urban supermarket, while the sales volume brought by strict control of product quality can reach 5 to 10 times that of an ordinary supermarket, which gives the possibility of a virtuous circle of supermarket formats.

　　Personalized development

　　Thousands of stores and thousands of faces, to "change" to meet the trend.

　　The transformation of Shanghai supermarket industry is far from over, because from this summer, a large wave of new stores will be unveiled in Shanghai — —

　　At the end of June, Oleqi, a famous cheap supermarket brand in Europe, opened two offline stores in one breath and officially entered the retail battlefield in China.

　　On July 2nd, Box Horse opened a new convenience store in Shanghai — — Pick’n go, the "smallest" box horse store in history, covers an area of less than 20 square meters. It is mainly engaged in fresh food and is also the latest attempt of box horse.

　　On July 4th, Yonghui Supermarket "Market Life" opened in Sanlin Impression City, Pudong, with the combination of traditional market culture and fashionable and modern farmer’s market decoration as its selling point.

　　In late July, Yonghui Supermarket’s first mini community store will soon land in Nanxiang, Jiading, which is also a new exploration of Yonghui Supermarket after "super species" … …

　　New brands emerge one after another, and "change" is the only constant theme. Hou Yi, CEO of Box Horse Fresh Life, once said that in addition to Box Horse Fresh Life, they are actively exploring new formats such as Box Horse Vegetable Market and Box Horse mini, and studying the best format model in different cities, different regions, different population densities and different scenarios, so as to make strategic reserves for the development in the next decade.

　　Not long ago, Convenience Bee got the first hot meal business license of convenience store in Shanghai. Nowadays, in every store, you can see a hot meal sales area enclosed by a glass curtain wall, which is equipped with steaming oven, cleaning and disinfection washing pool, warm water heat preservation cabinet and other equipment and facilities for supplying hot food. After the hot meal is heated, it can be stored in the warm water heat preservation cabinet, which can maintain a constant temperature, which means that no matter the first guest or the last guest, they can get the meal with the same temperature.

　　At the same time, theme stores and exclusive imported goods are also important "playing methods" for major brands. At the end of May, Rosen’s first Hello Kitty theme convenience store in the world opened in Nanjing East Road subway station. Before that, this convenience store had launched theme stores such as "Shanghai Football", "Teddy Bear" and "Detective Conan" to attract consumers to stop. The G-Super Green Space Optimization is based on the spillover effect of the import Expo, trying to improve its core competitiveness while introducing more new overseas products and bringing global good goods into the domestic market more efficiently.

　　In the ever-changing, Shangchao industry is working hard in the direction of segmentation and personalization. These differentiated explorations may become the keys for brands to settle down in the future. Liu Min, deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce, said that the retail industry in Shanghai experienced the last round of information technology development, and now it has returned to quality and service again, forming a positive spiral upward trend, which will bring brand-new vitality and energy to the supermarket industry in Shanghai.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, May 21 (Reporter Liu Yuying) The "White Paper on Blockchain Industry in China in 2018" released by the Information Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China on the 20th said that the blockchain industry in China is in a high-speed development stage and the industrial chain has taken shape.

　　According to the White Paper, by the end of March 2018, the number of blockchain companies with blockchain business as their main business in China had reached 456, from upstream hardware manufacturing, infrastructure and security services to downstream industrial technology application services, to industry investment and financing, media and talent services to ensure industrial development. Companies in various fields have been basically complete, coordinated and orderly, and jointly promoted the industry to move forward.

　　Judging from the geographical distribution of the company, the geographical distribution is relatively concentrated and the industrial agglomeration effect is obvious. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Zhejiang are still concentrated places for blockchain entrepreneurship, and blockchain enterprises in the four provinces account for over 80%. In addition, China’s top ten provinces with blockchain entrepreneurial activity include Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou.

　　Judging from the distribution of blockchain industry segments, by the end of March 2018, the number of industry application service companies in blockchain field was the largest, among which the number of companies mainly serving the financial industry reached 86, mainly serving the physical industry. The number of service companies reached 109. In addition, there are more than 40 related companies in blockchain solutions, underlying platforms, blockchain media and community fields.

　　Judging from the distribution of financing rounds, the blockchain industry is still in a very early stage. At present, nearly 90% of investment events are concentrated in the early stage (A round and before), another 9% are strategic investments, and the investment events in B round and after account for only 2%. The development of blockchain industry is in the ascendant.

　　The "White Paper" looks forward to the trend of China’s blockchain industry: First, blockchain has become the forefront of global technology development and opened up a new track for international competition; Second, the blockchain field has become a new hot spot for innovation and entrepreneurship, and technology integration will expand new application space; Third, the blockchain will be widely deployed in the real economy in the next three years and become an important support for the construction of digital China; Fourth, the blockchain creates a new platform economy and opens a new era of sharing economy; Fifth, the blockchain accelerates the process of "trusted digitalization" and drives finance to "get rid of virtual reality" to serve the real economy; Sixth, the blockchain supervision and standard system will be further improved, and the industrial development foundation will continue to be solid. (End)

　　According to the public data of the Ministry of Commerce, in April this year, the national building materials and home furnishing prosperity index (BHI) was 117.65, and the sales of building materials and home furnishing stores above designated size exceeded 110 billion yuan, and the cumulative sales from January to April exceeded 420 billion yuan.

　　Although the above data decreased slightly compared with the same period of last year, with the introduction of "trade-in" policies in various places since April, and the favorable factors such as the overlapping market entering the traditional peak season, the household sector continued to release consumption vitality, the industry prosperity rebounded, and the "Xiaoyangchun" market in the home building materials market also continued.

　　The market potential of "trade-in" is huge.

　　At present, China’s real estate market is still in the adjustment stage, but since the beginning of this year, favorable policies have been implemented in various places, and industry insiders expect that the industry will accelerate its stabilization. As the downstream industry of the real estate market, the consumer demand of the national building materials and home furnishing market continued to be released from January to April. Although the sales data decreased slightly year-on-year, thanks to the help of the policy side, the overall situation was still improving.

　　In March this year, the State Council issued the Action Plan for Promoting Large-scale Equipment Renewal and Trade-in of Consumer Goods (hereinafter referred to as the Plan) to promote economic transformation and upgrading and improve the quality of life of urban and rural residents.

　　The "Proposal" pointed out that for the trade-in of household appliances, it is necessary to improve the convenience as the core and smooth the consumption chain of household appliances; In order to promote the replacement of home improvement consumer goods, it is required to support residents to carry out local renovation of old houses, kitchens and bathrooms, continue to promote the aging renovation of homes, and actively cultivate new consumption such as smart homes. Promote home improvement model rooms to enter shopping malls, communities and platforms, encourage enterprises to build online model rooms, and provide affordable products and services to meet diversified consumer needs.

　　"The introduction of the trade-in policy is a major positive for the home furnishing industry." Qin Zhanxue, president of China Building Materials Circulation Association, pointed out that the relevant data of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development showed that by the end of 2022, the total number of urban and rural housing construction in China had exceeded 600 million, with huge market potential. "As houses enter the aging cycle one after another, the demand for renovation and functional upgrading will gradually increase. It is expected that the industry will usher in a new round of trade-in climax in the future."

　　According to incomplete statistics, in the past year, the total output value of China’s home improvement industry was about 2.77 trillion yuan, of which the demand for local decoration exceeded 35%. "It is conservatively estimated that the replacement scale of the home and home improvement market will exceed one trillion yuan." Hu Yanan, secretary-general of China Building Decoration Association’s Residential Decoration and Parts Industry Branch, said that according to the association’s rough calculation, there are more than 200 million houses in urban housing that are over 20 years old, and the demand for renovation and transformation at the consumer end is strong.

　　Grasp the "renewal" cycle and accelerate the layout of enterprises

　　The promulgation of the "Program" has given industry support and guidance at the policy level and brought new development opportunities at the development level. Many home associations and head home stores have acted quickly, actively responding to the policy call and helping to release the potential of home consumption by issuing trade-in coupons, promoting in communities, and granting subsidies.

　　At the end of April, at the annual meeting of the housing industry in 2023-2024, the Residential Decoration and Parts Industry Branch of China Building Decoration Association, in conjunction with the head home improvement enterprises and parts and materials enterprises all over the country, officially launched the "Home Improvement Trade-in Action". "I hope that through this action, a group of’ home improvement practitioners’ will be cultivated, and typical cases of enterprises will be launched to create a more assured, worry-free and secure consumption environment." According to the relevant person in charge of China National Equipment Association, this action aims to promote the effective implementation of "trade-in" related programs in the home improvement and home furnishing industries, and call on the whole industry to respond to the replacement of home improvement consumer goods, and encourage member units to actively carry out local upgrading and renovation of old houses, kitchens and bathrooms, and aging renovation of homes.

　　On May 6th, in response to the "Consumption Promotion Year" policy of the Ministry of Commerce, and vigorously promoting the trade-in of the household industry, China Building Materials Circulation Association also launched the "Third National Green Smart Home Consumption Festival", which empowered enterprises by implementing the relevant action plan of "trade-in" and issuing exchange vouchers for trade-in.

　　Focus on home stores. According to our understanding, the heads including Red Star Macalline and Easyhome made relevant implementation plans as early as the "trade-in" scheme was put forward.

　　Among them, Beijing Red Star Macalline has invested more than 10 million yuan since March to promote trade-in, benefit consumers, and help people rejuvenate. It is reported that in order to make more consumers enjoy the trade-in benefits easily, Beijing Red Star Macalline not only joined hands with 17 brand enterprises such as Xilinmen, Wrigley Sanitary Ware and Boloni to participate in the trade-in activities of green smart consumer goods, but also distributed subsidies of about 8 million yuan in different forms through online and offline channels.

　　The relevant person in charge of Red Star Macalline said that consumers can make an appointment to drag the old service through the "Red Star Home" applet, and they can enjoy the 600 yuan subsidy at the highest; Go to the offline store for "replacement", and you can also enjoy the government subsidy and superimpose the joint discount. "At present, relevant subsidies have been launched in five major shopping malls in Beijing, and consumers can get subsidies and enjoy the benefits of renewal."

　　The data shows that since the beginning of this year, Red Star Macalline has launched a large-scale "trade-in" campaign for home appliances in many shopping malls across the country, taking the demand for trade-in as the contact point to obtain accurate store traffic for shopping malls, and guiding the related sales between home appliances and other categories through refined operation.

　　On May 9, Easyhome also revealed the progress of "trade-in" on the investor interaction platform. It said that this year, it will comprehensively promote the three major IPS of "trade-in furniture and household appliances", "old houses for new looks" and "it is difficult for families to find them", which will drive the rapid growth of home sales.

　　The relevant person in charge of Real Home pointed out that the company released the "trade-in" strategy as early as 2022 and carried out related business. "According to statistics, a number of IP activities related to’ trade-in’ achieved remarkable results last year, achieving 207,000 customers, guiding sales of 650 million yuan and recycling 68,000 old things." The person in charge said.

　　At the same time, many home furnishing enterprises also seize the favorable market cycle and fully exert their strength in the stock market.

　　At the beginning of May, Qumei Home officially launched this year’s trade-in activities in the "Huanxin Plan Conference". In fact, since the first launch of this activity in 2013, Qumei Home has positioned it as a long-term and far-reaching important action. Zhao Ruihai, chairman of Qumei Home Furnishing Co., has repeatedly said that "trade-in" is not only a commitment to consumers, but also a manifestation of corporate social responsibility.

　　"Among about 300,000 customers accumulated by enterprises, some of them are currently in the consumption cycle that needs to be updated and iterated." Recently, Meike Home also publicly stated that this year, it will increase visits to early users, carry out maintenance and clue acquisition, with a view to providing consumers with diversified replacement programs. Oupai Home has launched the whole house renovation and whole package services, such as package storage, package discount, package design and help to move, to meet the diversified needs of consumers.

　　The industry believes that promoting the trade-in of household products requires both upstream and downstream synergy, and the household industry needs to continuously and deeply tap its own resources to promote the sustainable development of trade-in in a more market-oriented way and more convenient activities.

　　Both ends of supply and demand still face corresponding difficulties.

　　Although the market potential of trade-in is huge, it faces many difficulties in practical operation.

　　From the consumer side, how to deal with the replaced furniture, where to store the old furniture, and how to find a "reliable" decoration company and foreman may all hinder the implementation of the old-for-new policy. On the supply side, trade-in, local renovation and other links have a large amount of work, relatively low customer list value, and most of them are concentrated in old communities, so the construction difficulty is relatively high.

　　"At present, the residual value of many furniture recycling and dismantling wastes is relatively low, and the willingness of large-scale platform enterprises to participate in recycling is insufficient, but consumers do not have the ability to handle large pieces of furniture by themselves, which will become a constraint for replacing new ones to some extent." Zhu Jiagui, CEO and general manager of Red Star Macalline Home Furnishing Group, said that it is not easy for most home furnishing enterprises to provide large-scale trade-in services and handle old furniture well. "It is necessary to pay higher operating costs in terms of management, operation, normative environmental protection and demolition." Zhu Jiagui said.

　　In view of the problem that "trade-in is easy to abandon the old", Qin Zhanxue believes that the focus of trade-in should be on the "new" and the treatment of the "old" should not be ignored. "Old products should not be treated as garbage, but should be reused." He said, for example, furniture products can be dismantled and recycled, while construction waste can be reprocessed into floor tiles for municipal decoration materials.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Consumer Promotion Department of the Ministry of Commerce said that the trade-in work involves thousands of households and the vital interests of consumers. Promoting the trade-in of consumer goods is not only a powerful measure to enhance the momentum of economic growth and consolidate the good momentum of recovery, but also a long-term strategy to promote the high-quality development of the home furnishing industry. In the future, the industry should gradually establish an effective mechanism of "it is easier to get rid of the old and more willing to replace the new", so that consumers can enjoy better services and the trade-in action can be truly and thoroughly carried out in the industry. Text/Zhang Xinyu

　　Source: Beijing Evening News

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Upstream News Kevin·Z

　　BEIJING, Beijing, June 20 (Xinhua) In recent days, many places in the north have once again ushered in the "sunny mode". With the expansion of the sphere of influence of high temperature weather, from today, there will be high temperature weather lasting for many days in Huanghuai, North China, with the highest temperature reaching 35 ~ 38 C. In the south, rainfall has become the key word of weather, and the areas affected by heavy rain involve 10 provinces.

　　Data Map: At noon on June 5, the temperature in Shijiazhuang reached 38℃, and citizens traveled with various sunshade protective gear. China News Service reporter Yujia Zhai photo

　　Many places in the north enter the "sunny mode" and the meteorological conditions of ozone pollution are high.

　　After the Dragon Boat Festival holiday, the high temperature once again visited many places in the north, and the sphere of influence of high temperature in Huanghuai area of North China continued to expand. According to the weather forecast, after 20 days, some areas in eastern North China and Huanghuai will have high temperature weather for 4 to 6 days, with the highest temperature reaching 35 to 38℃.

　　In Beijing, the Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued a blue warning of high temperature at 16: 40 on the 19th. It is estimated that the daily maximum temperature in most parts of Beijing will reach above 35℃ from 20th to 21st.

　　Not only in Beijing, but also in the southern part of North China and the central and western parts of Huanghuai today and tomorrow, high temperatures will continue to spread. Among provincial-level cities, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Zhengzhou will have high temperatures today and tomorrow. From the 21st, Jinan will have high temperatures for five consecutive days.

　　As the "sunshine mode" is on, according to the news of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the meteorological conditions of ozone pollution in central and southern North China, Huanghuai and other places are relatively high from the 20th, with the meteorological conditions of ozone pollution ranging from 3 to 4, and the local level in central and southern North China can reach 5.

　　Take Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas as an example. From 20 to 25, the central and southern parts of the region have strong solar radiation and high temperature, which is conducive to ozone generation. The meteorological conditions of ozone pollution are maintained at level 3 to 4, and the local level can reach level 5.

　　According to meteorologists, ozone pollution will decompose rapidly indoors because it needs high temperature and ultraviolet radiation. Experts remind that for photochemical pollution dominated by ozone, it is of little use for people to wear masks. The most important way to prevent photochemical pollution is to avoid going out as much as possible and close doors and windows at the same time.

　　Heavy rain in the south involves 10 provinces, Zhejiang and Hunan.JiangxiThere is a heavy rain in the local area.

　　High temperature weather spread in the north, while in the south, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, these areas that entered the "rainy season" ushered in continuous heavy rainfall. In response to the rainstorm, the Central Meteorological Observatory has issued blue and yellow rainstorm warnings for several consecutive days.

　　According to the weather bulletin of the Central Meteorological Observatory, during the daytime on the 19th, heavy rains occurred in parts of central Anhui, northern Shanghai, northeastern Guizhou and southeast coastal areas of Guangdong, and heavy rains (101 mm) occurred in Tongren, Guizhou. At 18: 00 on the 19th, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued a blue rainstorm warning again.

　　It is estimated that there will be heavy rains in southern Anhui, Shanghai, Zhejiang, central and northeastern Jiangxi, central Hunan and central Guizhou from 20: 00 on the 19th to 20: 00 on the 20th, among which there will be heavy rains (100-150 mm) in western Zhejiang, northeastern Jiangxi and central Hunan. Some of the above areas are accompanied by short-term heavy precipitation (the maximum hourly precipitation is 20 ~ 50 mm, and the local area is more than 60 mm), and there are thunderstorms and strong winds in the local area.

　　In addition, there are heavy rains and local heavy rains in the northwestern and eastern coastal areas of Fujian, the southeastern coastal areas of Guangdong and Taiwan Province Island.

　　The Central Meteorological Observatory reminded that during the process of heavy rainfall in the south of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, it is necessary to pay attention to disasters such as urban waterlogging and landslides that may be caused by local heavy rainfall, as well as the adverse effects of strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.

　　From the evening of June 18th to the morning of 19th, heavy rain fell in dangyang city, Hubei Province, and some residents were trapped. Fire officers and soldiers in dangyang city City were dispatched to evacuate the trapped people. Liu bangpei

　　The rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is concentrated, and the Yangtze River Defense General deploys flood control again

　　Since the Dragon Boat Festival holiday, the heavy rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has continued to attract attention. The National Defense General, the Ministry of Water Resources and other departments have repeatedly discussed and judged the rain and flood situation and deployed flood control emergency work.

　　According to the forecast of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the main rain belt of heavy rainfall in the south will be located in the south of the Yangtze River on 20-22, and then it will be carried to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the north, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River will enter the rainfall concentration period.

　　According to the website of the Ministry of Water Resources, on the 18th, the Yangtze River Defense General once again held a meeting on the recent flood control situation in the Yangtze River basin, and deployed the dispatching work of the Three Gorges and Danjiangkou reservoirs.

　　The Yangtze River Defense General issued a dispatch order to dispatch Danjiangkou Reservoir to open two surface holes for flood discharge at 18: 00 on the 18th. At the same time, the General Office of the Yangtze River Defense issued a notice to the Hubei Provincial Defense Index, demanding that the flood control work in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River be effectively carried out. According to the deployment of the National Defense President, the Yangtze River Defense General sent a working group to Jiangxi to help guide the flood control work.

　　Ma Jianhua, executive deputy commander of the Yangtze River Defense General and director of the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission, said that the Yangtze River Basin has entered a period of continuous heavy rainfall concentration, and all relevant departments and units should further attach great importance to it and overcome the luck and paralysis; It is necessary to further strengthen the implementation of responsibilities and do a good job in flood control duty and emergency duty. (End)

Recently, Joy of Life, a costume drama, has been controversial because it costs 50 yuan to order it in advance, and some people even sued the video platform for it.

In addition, many users accused the video platform of "drinking poison to quench thirst", and some users said that they would switch to pirated platforms.

As of December 17th, Joy of Life scored 7.9 points in Douban, ranking first in the hot search list of mainland TV series of Tencent Video. According to the data of online film and television media data platform, as of December 17th, the popularity of the whole network in Joy of Life reached 51.26, far exceeding the costume dramas such as "He Lai Hua Ting" and "Sword Dynasty" broadcast in the same period.

At present, on Tencent and Iqiyi platforms, you have to pay 50 yuan to "unlock" 6 more episodes of Joy of Life than members.

On December 17th, Wang Juan, vice president of Tencent Video, talked about the recently controversial "VVIP" model in Joy of Life, saying: "The reason why we are controversial this time, I think it may be that we are not considerate enough to members’ consumption psychology. This piece is indeed our bug or something we have not done well enough."

Joy of LifeThe popularity is over the same period of costume drama, and members still need to pay for 50 yuan’s "unlocking" drama series.

On the evening of December 11th, Joy of Life needed to spend 50 yuan to board the hot search in Weibo due to the advance on demand.

Joy of Life is a costume drama directed by Sun Hao and starring Ruoyun Zhang and Li Qin, which premiered on November 26th, 2019 on Tencent Video and iQiyi. Production companies include Tencent Pictures, Xinli TV Culture Investment Co., Ltd., Deep Blue Film and Television, Reading Group, Huayu Times, Hainan Radio and Television, etc.

At present, on Tencent and Iqiyi platforms, it is necessary to pay 50 yuan to "unlock" six more episodes of Joy of Life than members, which has been hotly debated by netizens. As of December 17th, the drama has been broadcast to 29 episodes on both video platforms. However, at present, non-members can only watch the 17th episode, while members can only watch the 23rd episode. Only by paying 50 yuan to order in advance can they watch the 29th episode.

On the evening of December 14th, the People’s Daily client published an article entitled "Video website routines emerge in an endless stream, which is too ugly to eat", saying: "VVIP is set up outside VIP, and extra money is needed to enjoy advance on-demand video. Video websites are creating anxiety and inducing user consumption. Is there such an agreement in the previous agreement to purchase VIP? If it is not marked, this extra charge is actually a violation of consumer rights. "

On December 17th, Wang Juan, vice president of Tencent Video, said when talking about the recently controversial "VVIP" model in Joy of Life: "The reason why we are controversial this time, I think it may be that we are not considerate enough to members’ consumption psychology. This piece is indeed our bug or something we have not done well enough."

Facing the way of advanced VOD, Wang Juan also said: "The way of advanced VOD that we hope to explore has been challenged and criticized. But in the face of these things, a sense of crisis and creativity coexist. It is very important for the mining of user consumption, but we hope to think in a more scientific, more orderly and more respectful perspective. "

In addition, on December 17th, after the 4th Annual Summit of New Entertainment and New Consumption in China in 2019, Ying Dai, vice president of iQiyi and general manager of the self-made drama development center, said in response to the dispute over advanced video-on-demand in Joy of Life: "The content of video platforms is becoming more diverse, and the needs of users are becoming more diverse. Our original intention is to meet users’ more diverse content needs, but it may not be done well. In the future, we hope to take more account of users’ psychology and do a good job in the design and notification of scheduling. "

In fact, this is not the first time that the video platform has launched the "advance on demand" service.

At the end of the drama of the popular The Untamed, Tencent Video has launched a marketing strategy of an episode of 6 yuan and a total of 30 yuan’s pre-on-demand finale, testing the water for pre-on-demand.

Lawyer: After the appearance of VVIP, the propaganda promise of video websites constitutes fraud against VIP.

Zhao Zhanling, deputy director of Beijing Zhilin Law Firm, told the The Paper reporter: "The main problem in providing advanced on-demand service outside VIP is that purchasing VIP service means that you can watch 6 episodes first. According to consumers’ common understanding, this kind of preemption means that VIP members can watch 6 episodes first as long as there is a new episode update. However, due to the existence of advanced on-demand service, VIP members’ preemption of watching 6 episodes has only become relative to non-members and not relative to VVIP. Therefore, the propaganda promise of the video website about VIP members’ preemptive viewing of services is suspected of violating the Consumer Protection Law and constitutes fraud to consumers. "

It is worth noting that on December 16th, Weibo law blogger @ Wu Shengwei wsw, who has 670,000 fans, has taken Aiqiyi to court for pre-ordering. He said: "Joy of Life, who has been watching the hit of Iqiyi recently, is particularly good. After catching up with the latest episode, I found that I have to watch not only the patch advertisement, but also pay to watch it in advance. One episode is as high as 3 yuan. Only then did I realize that today’s members have become ordinary users. Nowadays, VIP members of iQiyi can’t automatically skip advertisements and watch hit dramas in advance. The original membership rights are gone, and many membership privileges are castrated in disguise. "

He also said: "I have always been a loyal user of iQiyi. I went through iQiyi’s VIP Member Service Agreement and found many problems and full format terms, so I am going to try it by legal means. I feel that if no one comes forward, there will be VVVIP, vvvvip in the future. The prosecution materials will be sent to the Haidian District People’s Court in Beijing by mail in the near future. "

Under the "film and television winter", the capital side is cautious, and the income pressure of video platforms is great.

On December 17th, Wang Juan, vice president of Tencent Video, admitted that the capital market gave less support to video websites this year, and the advertising growth rate was also slowing down.

"It’s true that the business support given by business friends to video websites is much less this year. Because last year, our variety show, our head network drama, can be said that every investment can basically achieve the goals we set for it, but this year is particularly difficult, because the budget you may have in your pocket has been reduced, and what is even more difficult is that everyone’s requirements for the delivery effect have gone further, so from the data point of view, our overall advertising growth rate has slowed down. "

Similarly, the third quarter report of iQiyi shows that online advertising revenue reached 2.1 billion yuan this quarter, down 14% year-on-year.

At the conference call after the financial report was released, Gong Yu, founder, director and CEO of iQiyi, expressed his expectation of advertising revenue in 2020. "Brand advertising accounts for the vast majority of iQiyi. There is no better sign of brand advertising next year as a whole, but effect advertising will be more optimistic next year because of iQiyi’s own efforts in technology and products. "

Gong Yu said: "The bottleneck of brand advertising revenue is not inventory, but the advertiser’s budget. So the utilization rate is not high. "

Cctv newsAfter placing an order online, many consumers have received a "favorable cashback" card attached to the goods, or a short message or phone call seeking favorable comments. Recently, Taobao announced that it would prohibit sellers from guiding favorable comments by means of favorable comments cashback.　

Taobao issued a new regulation in official website, pointing out that sellers are not allowed to ask buyers to only write favorable comments, modify evaluations, add evaluations, etc. by themselves or through third parties; It is not allowed to encourage and guide buyers to "praise" on the condition of material or monetary commitment.

Bao Ran, Deputy Secretary General of Zhongguancun Modern Information Consumption Application Industry Technology AllianceBribing consumers or related user groups to make false or distorted product evaluations is illegal in essence.

Text/World Network Business Data Analyst Sun Jixia

　

Without consumers, transactions cannot be established. For businesses, data about consumers is very important. At one time, obtaining a consumer report required a long and thorough investigation. With the continuous development of e-commerce and the increasing magnitude of data, various data products serving businesses came into being, and the way to obtain consumer data became more convenient and the cost was lower.

Among them, Alipay data is the largest gold mine in all data. First of all, Alipay data is based on real consumption data, or data generated from each real transaction, which is more reliable than other consumer research data; Secondly, Alipay data not only includes Taobao, but also has a broader user base, which can be said to include all aspects of e-commerce in all fields, and its rich data is unparalleled by any other company.

Therefore, "Tianxia Online Merchant Manager" and Tianxia Online Merchant Data Center jointly launched Alipay Data Compass, starting with the data of merchants outside Taobao, and brought a real online shopping data report of consumers outside Taobao for readers.

In particular, these data samples come from e-commerce websites supported by Alipay in 2012, except Taobao, which has extremely high reference value.

　

Demographic characteristics of online shopping consumers

1. Age distribution of online shopping consumers: Young people are the main force of online shopping.

Amoy e-commerce website accounts for more than 60% of online shopping consumers under the age of 30, and about 10% of online shopping consumers over the age of 40. It can be seen that online shopping consumers are generally young at present.

2. Geographical distribution of online shopping consumers: Online shopping is popular in third-and fourth-tier cities.

At present, consumers of e-commerce websites are mainly distributed in first-and second-tier cities, accounting for 67.9%. According to Alipay’s annual statement, in 2012, the number of online payment users in fourth-tier cities increased by 64%, and the amount of online payment increased by 68%, both exceeding those in first-and second-tier cities. Online shopping has gradually spread from developed areas to less developed areas, and the development speed of small cities can not be underestimated.

The province with the largest number of consumers on e-commerce websites is Guangdong, and Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Beijing also enter the top five. According to CNNIC data, the absolute number of Internet users in Shanghai ranked 13th in China in 2012. Based on Alipay data, it can be seen that the online shopping penetration rate in Shanghai is very high. The distribution of online shopping consumers in the top five provinces accounts for more than 50%, and the top ten provinces account for about 70%, which shows that the regional concentration of online shopping consumers is high.

　

Behavioral characteristics of online shopping consumers

1. Distribution of shopping network age: More than 40% of consumers have been shopping online for less than 2 years.

More than 40% of consumers on the website of Amoy E-commerce are online shopping for less than 2 years, among which the proportion of new consumers in 2012, that is, the proportion of consumers with online shopping for less than 1 year reached 23.4%, with more new consumers.

2. Frequency of purchase: Most consumers only shop online once a month.

70% of e-commerce website consumers only shop online once a month, and the proportion of consumers who shop online more than three times a month is less than 15%. For e-commerce, increasing the online shopping activity of consumers is an important issue.

3. Time distribution of online shopping: Consumers are more enthusiastic about online shopping on weekdays.

Consumers are more enthusiastic about online shopping on weekdays, and the number of online shopping consumers on weekends is significantly reduced. Because consumers can arrange their own time more freely on weekends or holidays, the shopping scene may shift to offline, while on weekdays, consumers do not have a lot of time to go out shopping, so they are more inclined to choose convenient and fast online shopping.

The online shopping time of consumers is consistent with the work schedule, and the shopping time is mainly concentrated in the daytime working hours and the evening at home. Among them, the shopping enthusiasm during the daytime working hours will be higher than that after work at home at night, and the shopping enthusiasm will drop slightly during commuting and eating time. Merchants can adjust their tactics according to the time distribution of online shopping to better meet the online shopping needs of consumers.

4. Customer unit price distribution: More than 70% of consumers’ online shopping customers have a unit price below 200 yuan.

The proportion of consumers whose unit price of e-commerce websites is above 1000 yuan is 9%, but more than 70% of consumers’ unit price of online shopping is below 200 yuan. It can be seen that most consumers tend to buy cheap items in online shopping at present.

5. Shopping preference: Clothing and accessories are everyone’s favorites.

Regardless of men and women, the top two categories that consumers love to buy are clothing and accessories. Household items are the third favorite category for women and the fifth for men, which shows that women love to buy household items more than men. 3C digital products are the fifth favorite category for women and the fourth for men, which shows that men love to buy digital products more than women.

The top two shopping preferences of all ages are clothing and accessories, but the top five shopping preferences will change with the growth of consumers’ age. For example, household items are the fifth category that consumers under the age of 24 prefer to buy, and from the age of 25, household items have risen to the third place; For consumers aged 30-39, maternal and child products have entered the top five, which reflects that most people in online shopping choose to marry late and have children late. Consumers aged 40-49 pay more attention to sports categories, and sports enter the top five shopping preferences in this age group. Consumers over the age of 60 are keen to buy food online, and food ranks among the top five in their shopping preferences. Online food provides convenience for the elderly who are not convenient for young people to move.

via： i.wshang.com

emergency food（emergence food，EF）It refers to a kind of food used to maintain human survival in emergencies such as disasters, wars and crashes. Common emergency foods mainly include earthquake relief emergency foods, military emergency foods, civil emergency foods and M9 outdoor emergency foods. Due to the late start of research and development,There is still a certain gap between China’s emergency food and developed countries such as the United States and Japan in processing and packaging, nutritional characteristics, food safety and other key technologies.

At present, the problems caused by the insufficient development of emergency food have initially appeared. First of all, during or after natural disasters, food in disaster areas and other affected areas may be contaminated by microorganisms and chemicals, and some food-borne diseases, including hepatitis A, typhoid fever and a series of intestinal diseases, such as cholera and dysentery, are prone to break out, thus affecting the health of victims and the effect of disaster relief.

Secondly, due to the imperfect design of emergency food formula,Its nutritional structure is difficult to meet the nutritional supply needs of specific people.It is difficult to predict the time and place of some emergencies, which also leads to the traditional supply chain processing equipment and storage and transportation system can not meet the stable supply and accurate distribution of emergency food, which makes the rescue efficiency decline.

This paper summarizes the types and characteristics of emergency food, the development status of product development, storage and transportation, processing and packaging technology, and looks forward to the research and development strategy, processing, storage and transportation strategy and food safety of emergency food in order to provide new ideas for the development of emergency food industry in China.

Types and characteristics of emergency food

With the frequent occurrence of emergencies around the world, the demand for emergency food is increasing. In order to better meet the nutritional needs of different rescue scenes and people, and combined with the laws of emergency food diversity, high energy density, storability and convenience for eating, a variety of common emergency food types have appeared in recent years, including canned food, compressed dry food, instant hot food, dehydrated food, etc. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of emergency food are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of different types of emergency food

Emergency food has the following characteristics:

(1) Long shelf life: Emergency foods usually have a long shelf life to ensure edibility in emergency situations;

(2) Rich nutrition: under the premise of meeting basic energy, emergency food pays more attention to the functionality and special dietary effect of food according to the needs of the target rescue population;

(3) Portable: Emergency foods are usually packaged in light packages to quickly respond to emergencies;

(4) Food safety: Due to the harsh and changeable emergency rescue environment, the food safety of emergency food is very important.

When selecting emergency food types, it is necessary to make reasonable selection and planning according to disaster types, storage conditions, crowd demand and transportation environment. At the same time,Emergency food should be inspected and updated regularly to ensure food safety.

Development status of emergency food products

In recent years, China’s emergency food has developed steadily in terms of shelf life, taste, flavor and safety, but there is still a big gap compared with foreign countries. The shortcomings include:

(1) Low comprehensive performance. The diversity, nutrition and safety of emergency food need to be further strengthened;

（2）Functional development is limited.Due to the lack of practical experience in functional development and the lack of clear supervision and guidance standards, it is difficult for enterprises to carry out effective innovation and development;

（3）The production cost is high.The research and development of key technologies and formulas of emergency food are lagging behind and the added value is low, which leads to its lack of core competitiveness and affects production costs.

With the increasing market demand for serialized, functional, long shelf life and full nutrition emergency foods, continuous optimization, innovation and enrichment of R&D categories have become the key to the development of emergency foods.

With the development of science and technology,Emergency food is paying more and more attention to functions other than satiety and special dietary effects.Adding some ingredients or nutrients with special physiological functions to raw materials can enhance the overall functionality of emergency food.

At present, China’s self-developed "China 05 compressed food" has many functions, such as improving intestinal health, fighting hunger and promoting physical recovery, which greatly improves the efficiency of emergency rescue. Internationally, the United States has successfully developed military functional foods with different functions, such as anti-altitude sickness, anti-fatigue, refreshing the mind, quickly replenishing energy, improving intestinal function, etc. In order to meet the needs of different groups of people, modular foods with mineral modules, vitamin modules and energy modules have also been developed. Japan’s One Table Company has developed an emergency rescue jelly that is beneficial to swallowing, taking into account the people of all ages, so as to meet the needs of the elderly and children for quick nutrition supplement.

High-intensity rescue work in emergency rescue often makes rescuers in a state of physical and mental fatigue and overwork, which leads to inattention, weakened resistance and reduced work efficiency. Therefore,It is necessary to develop emergency food to delay or eliminate fatigue.

Hao Limin and others designed an anti-fatigue beverage formula, which was composed of oligosaccharides, taurine, caffeine, effervescent and other materials. It was processed into effervescent tablets by mixing, granulating, drying, cooling and tabletting. The animal test results showed that the beverage had obvious anti-fatigue effect. Wu Tianyi et al. conducted related research on anti-hypoxia functional fermented products. Through the screening of animal anti-hypoxia tests, it was found that natto and Schizophyllum commune fermented products from microorganisms had significant anti-hypoxia function, which provided a new design idea for the development of anti-hypoxia functional emergency food in the future.

Research status of emergency food storage, transportation and processing technology

In 2003, China began to pay attention to the research on emergency food storage and transportation, and compared with foreign countries, the research started late. In the "storage and transportation" system, food is generally classified and food quality standards are formulated to ensure food quality, facilitate transportation and improve rescue efficiency.The key to the efficient operation of the storage and transportation system lies in making full use of the electronic information platform.Ensure the coordination and mutual supervision of all links, strengthen the contact between emergency food storage and transportation and electronic information enterprises, so as to improve the rapid response ability of emergency food storage and transportation.

At present, there are many researches on food supply chain at home and abroad, covering the supply chain research of various specific food categories, such as fruits, vegetables, grain, etc. However, the research on emergency food logistics is rarely reported. The problems existing in the existing emergency food storage and transportation system in China are mainly summarized as the following four points:

(1) The layout of emergency material reserve centers around the country is unreasonable;

(2) Due to the asymmetric information flow and the large number of relief materials transfer stations in emergencies, the supply imbalance is prone to occur;

(3) Lack of procurement and operation standards for emergency food storage and transportation;

(4) The improvement of food safety evaluation system in the process of emergency food storage and transportation is not perfect, and the efficiency needs to be improved.

Compared with emergency food in developed countries,Domestic emergency foods generally have the problems of short shelf life and low scientific and technological content.The shelf life of self-heated rice and freeze-dried meat products introduced by American Mountain House Company can reach 30 years. The emergency food supply package launched by Wise Company is not only convenient and fast, but also can meet the needs of families, and its shelf life is as high as 25 years. In contrast, the shelf life of emergency food made of domestic Changwo special food by freeze-drying technology is not half as long as it is.

This shows that in the future, the development of emergency food in China should be oriented towards using emerging technologies to maintain the shelf life of food, thus developing a sustainable food value chain and limiting food waste. In order to prolong the shelf life, optimize the taste and promote nutrient absorption,More and more emerging processing technologies have potential application value.

1. Vacuum freeze-drying technology

Vacuum freeze-drying is to freeze the material below the eutectic point and remove the water in the material by sublimation in vacuum environment, so as to achieve the purpose of freeze-drying.It is common in military emergency food, which is used to improve the retention rate of nutrients and maintain the original color and flavor.Vacuum freeze-dried food can be stored at room temperature for a long time without adding preservatives because of its low water activity, and it is convenient to carry and transport.

Yang et al. used hot air drying, hot air vacuum combined drying and vacuum freeze-drying to dry the velvet antler mushroom. The results showed that vacuum freeze-drying could better keep the color and shape of velvet antler mushroom. However, vacuum freeze-drying has the disadvantages of time-consuming, energy-consuming and high cost when used alone, and these problems can be effectively solved by combining with other drying technologies.

Jiang et al. evaluated that freeze-drying combined with microwave vacuum drying was used to dry functional okra snacks. Compared with freeze-dried samples, the combined drying samples had better hardness and brittleness, and the drying time and energy consumption were reduced by about 75.36% and 71.92% respectively. Therefore,Vacuum freezing combined with vacuum microwave drying can be one of the development directions of emergency food drying.

2. Ultra-high pressure technology

Emergency food needs to have a long shelf life to ensure the safety and edibility of food in an emergency. Ultra-high pressure technology uses high pressure force to act on food,Without using high temperature or chemical additives, the shelf life of food can be prolonged by killing microorganisms and inhibiting enzyme activity, while maintaining the original flavor, color and nutrition of food.

Compared with traditional high-temperature treatment, ultra-high pressure technology hardly reacts with covalent bonds of small molecules, and only destroys non-covalent bonds that form the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules, such as hydration, ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. By inactivating or activating biomolecules such as polysaccharide and protein in food, the product quality can be improved. It is found that soaking and ultra-high pressure pretreatment can increase the content of fast digestible starch and slow digestible starch in rice starch, and reduce the content of resistant starch, thus improving the digestion characteristics of rice.

It should be noted that ultra-high pressure sterilization technology is not suitable for all types of food, and the composition and structure of different foods have different sensitivity to pressure, so it should be tested according to specific products to determine the best treatment scheme.

3. Ultra-fine grinding technology

Ultra-fine pulverization technology pulverizes material particles to micron level by mechanical or hydrodynamic force, thus reducing particle size, changing composition and internal structure, and improving physical and chemical properties of materials. For example, ultrafine grinding canIncrease the solubility of foodSo that it can be easily dissolved with water or other liquids in a short time and quickly prepared into food; In addition, it can alsoEnhance the digestibility of foodSo that it can be absorbed and utilized by the human body in a short time and provide energy quickly, and reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract.

Sun et al. treated dehydrated celery stems with superfine grinding technology, and found that there was no significant difference in chemical composition of celery powder with different particle sizes. However, with the decrease of particle size of celery stem powder, its ability of scavenging free radicals was continuously enhanced, which provided a reference for developing fast-dissolving antioxidant functional foods. Zhang et al. treated oat bran by ultra-fine pulverization technology, which improved the surface properties, water holding capacity and swelling capacity of oat bran. The prepared oat bran powder has good physical and chemical properties and oxidation resistance. The data obtained from this study provide theoretical basis for the application of ultra-fine pulverization technology in emergency food deep processing and functional food development.

4. Microcapsule technology

Microcapsule technology is a new packaging technology, which forms a delicate and tough shell around liquid or solid core materials, so that the core materials can be packaged inside the shell. Nutrient fortification is a common technology to improve the nutrition of emergency food. However, many nutrients or functional components such as vitamins, probiotics and antioxidants are prone to degradation, oxidation and volatile loss during production, storage and transportation due to their unstable physical and chemical properties.Using microcapsule technology to embed nutrients and functional components can play a protective role, reduce the influence of external environment such as light, heat and oxygen, and at the same time make them be digested and absorbed when needed.Improve the nutritional value of emergency food.

The results show that adding microencapsulated nutritional fortifier ferrous sulfate to flour can mask the iron smell and avoid the rancidity of oil caused by direct addition. Das et al. successfully prepared anthocyanin extract from purple rice bran with modified glutinous rice starch as wall material by spray drying technology. Microencapsulation showed that the surface of microcapsules was more uniform and smooth than natural starch and modified starch, and the storage stability of microencapsulated anthocyanins was improved. Generally speaking, microcapsule technology provides a new possibility for emergency food, which can improve the taste and prolong the storage time while ensuring nutrition and convenience.

5. Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology can be used to enhance the nutritional value of food and improve its functional components. For example, processing nutrients to less than 100nm by nanotechnology can improve the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients by human body, which can solve the pain point problem that emergency food has low moisture content and is not easily absorbed and utilized by human body.

Nanotechnology can also improve the texture, taste and flavor of food, and be used to remove harmful pollutants in food, such as pesticide residues, heavy metals and harmful chemicals. The special properties of nano-materials enable them to adsorb or catalyze the degradation of these pollutants and improve food safety. However, the application of nanotechnology in food processing is still in its infancy. In the future, when nanotechnology is applied to emergency food, it is necessary to carry out risk assessment and strict supervision on the safety of nanomaterials to ensure the sustainable development of nanotechnology and food safety.

Research status of emergency food packaging technology

Food packaging is a very important processing link that affects the quality of emergency food. As a barrier layer of food, it can protect food from adverse factors such as external environment, microorganisms and pollutants, maintain food freshness, hygiene and safety, and extend its shelf life.Emergency food is usually stored by sealing, modified atmosphere and vacuum packaging. The packaging forms include vacuum aluminum foil packaging, composite nanotechnology packaging and edible film packaging.

In 2016, China developed the world’s first compressed packaging of disaster relief emergency food. By using this pre-foldable compressed packaging food, each logistics vehicle can carry 50% more goods, and the transportation and supply of disaster relief food is more efficient and faster, and the transportation cost is lower. In recent years, in order to prolong the shelf life of food and ensure the quality and safety of food, a variety of functional food packages have appeared in the market, such as antibacterial packaging that inhibits the growth of microorganisms, intelligent packaging that monitors the quality of food, and biodegradable environmental protection packaging.

1. active packaging technology

Active packaging is defined as an intelligent system, which aims to extend the shelf life and improve the quality of food through the interaction between packaging materials and the internal environment of food, so as to meet consumers’ demand for fresh, stable and safe food. Active packaging mainly includes antioxidant packaging and antibacterial packaging. Among them, antioxidant packaging can prevent food from deteriorating by absorbing oxygen or releasing carbon dioxide in the packaging, thus prolonging the shelf life of food. Common oxygen adsorbents include ethylene adsorbent, iron powder, activated carbon, biological enzyme and so on.

Antibacterial packaging mainly inhibits the growth of pathogenic and corrosive microorganisms in food by introducing antibacterial agents, prevents the migration of pollutants, and can also show the leakage of some packaging, thus ensuring food safety. These active packaging technologies provide a broader design idea for future emergency food packaging,So that it is no longer limited to dehydration and drying, and fresh food with better experience can be selected.

2. Nano packaging technology

Nano-technology involves the development of single or multi-dimensional materials less than 100nm. Studies have confirmed that packaging materials with nano-size have large specific surface area and small pores, which can effectively isolate the invasion of external gas, moisture and pollutants, prolong the shelf life of food and reduce the loss of food. In addition, the nano-packaging material has excellent mechanical properties,Can give packaging materials high mechanical strength and durability, and is suitable for use in harsh emergency environments.Therefore, nano-materials are expected to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of emergency food packaging.

On the other hand, the surface of nano-materialsAntibacterial agents such as nano silver can also be added to inhibit microbial growth and reduce food pollution and corruption.Thereby improving the safety of food. Compared with ordinary antibacterial packaging, nano-packaging has stronger anti-corrosion and fresh-keeping function, and is less affected by various extreme weather. In the future, with the continuous development of nanotechnology, nano-packaging materials are expected to provide better protection and quality control for emergency food, and ensure that people can get high-quality food supplies in emergencies.

3. RFID packaging technology（RFID）

RFID is a technology to automatically identify objects by using radio waves. Identification is accomplished by storing serial numbers or other information on a microchip connected to an antenna. Based on wireless communication, RFID can provide real-time information about temperature, relative humidity, nutrition and supplier information in the process of products passing through the supply chain, improve traceability and ensure food quality and safety.

The application of RFID in the field of military food packaging mainly focuses on the storage and transportation stage. By adding RFID tags to military food packaging, the whole process information tracking of military food in the distribution process can be realized through the one-object-one-code identification function of tag chip. In case of emergency, the whole distribution process needs no unpacking, and all the information of the product can be obtained directly by scanning the reader, including the processing information, storage status, transportation information and eating methods of the product, so as to realize the rapid and accurate replenishment of emergency food and improve the speed and accuracy of distribution.

At present, RFID technology has been widely used in the field of civil food packaging, and these experiences can be used for reference in the field of emergency food packaging.Realize the whole process tracking and management of emergency food supply chain, and improve the efficiency and quality of emergency food distribution.

4. Time-temperature indicator technology（TTI）

TTI technology aims to monitor the temperature changes in the food supply chain to predict the changes of food heat-sensitive nutrients and indicate the remaining shelf information of products, thus reducing food consumption and ensuring food safety. The basic working principle of TTI technology is based on the changes of machinery, chemistry, electrochemistry, enzymes or microorganisms, which are usually manifested as visible reactions in the form of mechanical deformation, color development or color movement. It can monitor and record some key parameters in the whole food distribution process,By combining the cumulative effect of time and temperature, the remaining shelf life of the product is dynamically displayed.In order to monitor the cumulative effects of time and temperature on specific products, TTI labels are usually attached to food packaging.

Compared with other temperature monitoring equipment, TTI is small in size and cost-effective, and can reflect the time and temperature changes experienced by food by displaying irreversible effects that are easy to observe. At present, the packaging method of emergency food usually follows the date of production, and the date of production and the time limit for eating are printed on the outer packaging. However, in an emergency situation, the quality and safety of food become particularly important due to the instability of storage and transportation environment. By using TTI technology, the quality and safety of emergency food can be better monitored and controlled, and whether the food has been infringed by the external environment can be found in time, which provides great guarantee for enhancing the safety of emergency food.

5. Edible packaging membrane technology

Edible packaging film refers to the packaging film with porous network structure formed by intermolecular interaction with edible materials such as protein, grain matrix, cellulose and other raw materials, supplemented by edible crosslinking agents, plasticizers and other substances.This packaging material can not only effectively protect food quality, but also reduce environmental pollution.

For example, the grain matrix film is usually made of soybeans, which is safe and harmless. At the same time, the packaged products also have the effect of moisture-proof and moisture-proof, which has a good effect on improving the quality of fresh-keeping foods. Compared with traditional packaging materials, edible packaging film has the characteristics of edibility, and it will not produce packaging waste after use, reducing the negative impact on the environment, making edible packaging film a more environmentally friendly choice.

Edible packaging film has a potential application prospect in the field of emergency food, which can provide good food protection and preservation effects, while reducing the generation of packaging waste. However, when edible packaging technology is applied to emergency food in the future,It is necessary to evaluate the stability and performance of this technology under various environmental conditions.

6. Biodegradable packaging technology

With the continuous development of new technologies and new resources, it is another research direction with great potential to use degradable, energy-saving and emission-reducing packaging materials instead of high-energy and refractory packaging materials. At present, researchers have done a lot of research on degradable packaging materials, and their barrier properties need to be improved when they are used in emergency food in the future.Designed as a biodegradable high barrier material.

Microfiberized cellulose material（microfibrillated cellulose，MFC）It is a biodegradable and widely used high-performance material, which usually comes from green beet pulp, bagasse and soybean skin, and is composed of a large number of cellulose microfibril aggregates. Lavoine et al. reported that microfibrillated cellulose materials and plastic film materials can be combined to form nano-composite packaging materials. Through surface chemical modification, the shortcomings of MFC materials in barrier performance and oxygen barrier performance were solved. However, due to the hydrophilic characteristics of bio-base, the moisture resistance of MFC nanocomposites needs to be further studied and improved.

In the future, intelligent packaging technology can be adopted to optimize the packaging barrier performance and design biodegradable multiple high barrier materials.

Prospect of emergency food development strategy

With the frequent occurrence of natural disasters and the increase of emergency situations, the complexity of rescue site environment and the diversification of rescue people, the development of emergency food in the future needs to introduce advanced scientific and technological innovation technology. For example, the use of Internet of Things technology, intelligent warehousing, scientific packaging technology, etc., to achieve traceability and monitoring of emergency food, improve the quality of emergency food and rescue efficiency. In addition, through the dimensions of raw material screening, formula design, texture reorganization, packaging design, etc., emergency foods in different scenes and target groups are developed to accurately match the nutritional needs of specific groups, increase their acceptance and satisfaction in emergency situations, and improve the quality and effect of emergency response.

1. Future research and development strategy of emergency food

Future emergency food is a kind of food that can quickly and accurately match the nutritional needs of specific people according to different emergency situations, and is convenient for transportation and storage. Based on the research results of emergency food in various countries, the future research and development strategy of emergency food in China can be carried out from three aspects: serialized emergency food, functional emergency food and high-tech application of science and technology.

1) Serialized emergency food.The serial development of emergency food is mainly adjusted and customized according to the dietary needs of different disaster environments and different people, which means developing diversified emergency food products.Including vegetarian, gluten-free, lactose intolerance and other products with special dietary needs to meet the needs of different groups of people.

To carry out the research strategy of emergency food serialization, especially for the needs of special groups such as the elderly, children and pregnant women, the following measures can be taken:

① Reasonable formula design, and develop emergency formula according to the nutritional needs and health status of special groups. For example, for the elderly and pregnant women, attention should be paid to the intake of protein, vitamins, minerals and cellulose; For children, energy requirements and digestibility need to be considered.

② Selection and treatment of ingredients. In order to meet the nutritional needs of the elderly and pregnant women, you can choose ingredients that are easy to chew and rich in protein and fiber; For children, you can choose ingredients that suit their taste and digestive system.

③ Safety and non-allergic guarantee. For pregnant women, children, the elderly and other special groups, it is necessary to ensure that food does not contain substances that may cause allergic reactions, such as peanuts, nuts, alcohol and so on.

④ Product form and packaging design. For the convenience of the elderly and children, it can be designed to be easy to open, chew and digest, and adopt easy-to-operate packaging methods, such as vacuum packaging and canned food.

2) Functional emergency food.The development of functional emergency food will pay attention to the nutritional balance of emergency food and the addition of functional ingredients, so as to meet people’s special needs in emergencies and slow down and eliminate the adverse effects of emergency conditions on human physiology or psychology. exploitationAnti-fatigue, anti-hyperreflexia, anti-anxiety, low temperature tolerance, help sleep, improve constipation and improve immunity.Functional emergency food is the focus of research and development of emergency food at present.

When natural disasters occur, they are often accompanied by water pollution, which will lead to serious gastrointestinal diseases and various infections. Studies have confirmed that bioactive substances can be used to treat some diseases, improve the function of biological systems or resist pathogens. For example, intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids can alleviate intestinal inflammation by changing intestinal flora and enhancing intestinal cell barrier function; Polyphenols such as curcumin can reduce the stress of endoplasmic reticulum, thus reducing the inflammatory response of human intestinal epithelial cells.

Previous studies have shown that intestinal inflammation can be improved not only by drugs, but also by improving dietary intake and increasing the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary calcium and vitamin D, thus improving intestinal health.

For example, increasing the dietary fiber content in emergency food can promote intestinal peristalsis and defecation, and prevent constipation and gastrointestinal problems; Adding probiotics or fermented food can improve the balance of intestinal flora, enhance the function of immune system and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal infection; Foods rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, such as citrus fruits and vegetables, help to enhance the immune system function, improve the body’s resistance and reduce the risk of infection.

All in all,By improving the nutritional composition of emergency food, we can alleviate the intestinal problems caused by disasters and help people stay healthy in difficulties.The above measures can help to improve the health effect of emergency food on intestine, but in practical application, the preservation and storage conditions of food need to be considered to ensure the safety and nutritional value of food.

3) The application of scientific and high technology.The introduction of high technology is of great significance to the breakthrough of emergency food in shelf life, nutrition and functionality. In terms of extending the shelf life, methods such as microbial control, vacuum packaging and irradiation sterilization can be adopted. In terms of improving nutrition, nutritional enhancers or functional ingredients can be added to emergency food to enhance its nutritional value.

In terms of improving functionality, high-tech can be used to develop emergency food with specific functions, for example, adding natural antioxidants, humectants, thickeners, etc. to increase the antioxidant capacity, water retention and taste of food. In addition, the use of nanotechnology can improve the texture and taste of food. In the aspect of personalized nutrition enhancement, it can be combined with wearable equipment and sensors. According to the results of physiological testing,(such as lack of potassium or vitamin A)Form personalized demand data, send it to the processing base, and generate special nutritious fortified food made of seasoning liquid and powder through additive manufacturing.

To sum up, serialized emergency foods can meet the dietary needs of different groups of people, while functional foods pay attention to nutrition and special needs, while the application of science and technology and high technology is helpful to improve the quality stability, nutrition promotion and functional supplement of emergency foods. These strategies will promote the further development of emergency food in China in the future and ensure that people can get a safe and balanced food supply in disasters.

2. Emergency food processing storage and transportation strategy

Emergency food is an important relief material for survival under emergency conditions, which requires extremely high production environment and product quality in the supply chain.Therefore, it is necessary to establish an automatic, flexible and digital intelligent supply chain system.The following measures can be taken in the production of emergency food in the future.

1) Introduce intelligent equipment.Through intelligent sorting and cascade utilization technology of raw materials, artificial intelligence combined with deep learning of photoelectric equipment, inductive classification combined with manual assistance, the process parameters in the production process are continuously optimized, and a demand-oriented raw material supply system is established, which can realize the automation of raw material pretreatment and processing, reduce the risk of human subjective errors and cross-contamination, and achieve the effect of improving quality and reducing cost.

2) Build a flexible supply chain.Based on the production requirements of serialization, functionalization and science and technology of emergency food in the future, flexible supply chain can help enterprises optimize resource allocation and utilization, thus reducing costs. For example, according to the production demand of emergency products, enterprises promote the digital transformation of production processes to ensure product quality, efficiency and sustainable production capacity; In addition, through flexible adaptation of intelligent filling and packaging technology, we can quickly switch and adjust product specifications and packaging methods, so that enterprises can quickly respond to changes in market demand and improve emergency rescue efficiency.

3) Establish a digital monitoring system.By introducing precise temperature control technology and RFID technology, the key parameters of the process, such as temperature, humidity, flow rate and speed, can be collected in real time by sensors and monitoring equipment, so that the abnormal situation can be adjusted in time to ensure that the products meet the standard requirements. At the same time, considering that the time and place of emergencies are difficult to predict, the joint application of the Internet of Things and smart packaging technology can track the location, transportation conditions and quality of emergency food in real time, and combine with the logistics management system to carry out intelligent distribution and route optimization in real time according to the changes of disaster situation, so as to achieve the best transportation efficiency and save costs.

Different from ordinary food, the demand for emergency food will be affected by various factors.In the future, the development of emergency food should adopt modular design, that is, food should be grouped and packaged according to function or proportion, so that people can choose and combine different types of food according to their needs.And ensure the balanced nutrition of food. Modular design of emergency food has the advantages of flexible selection, balanced nutrition, easy carrying and storage, and improved emergency response flexibility, which can play an important role in future emergency rescue.

3. The prospect of emergency food safety.

There are some harmful substances such as mycotoxins, heavy metals and allergens in the production, processing and transportation of emergency food.It is of great practical significance to establish an emergency food quality management system, analyze the potential hazards in the production process and continuously monitor them.

In recent years, the rapid nondestructive detection technology of food and food raw material hazards has been widely used in the field of food detection and sorting, such as multi-spectral imaging technology, hyperspectral imaging technology, terahertz spectral imaging technology and so on. Because it is simple, rapid and nondestructive, and can obtain the image and spectral information of the detected substance at the same time, it has potential application prospects in food quality and safety detection, mainly including variety identification, adulteration analysis, quality and hazard detection and a series of applications.

Shi et al. realized the rapid nondestructive detection of Fusarium graminearum and vomitoxin in wheat by multi-spectral imaging technology, and explored a new method for monitoring mycotoxin pollution in wheat production, processing and storage. Liu et al. can monitor zearalenone in corn quickly and non-destructively through multi-spectral imaging combined with machine learning technology.（ZEN）The content of mycotoxin is of great significance to the monitoring of mycotoxin pollution during corn storage and transportation.

Du et al. realized the rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in milk by Raman spectroscopy and stoichiometry, which ensured the safety of milk. Liu et al. quickly determined the concentrations of aflatoxin B1 and benzopyrene in soybean oil by terahertz spectroscopy combined with chemometrics, which provided an effective means for food safety monitoring.

In addition, harmful substances, microbial contamination and chemical residues in food processing seriously affect the quality and safety of food. Therefore, through the rapid detection technology of food hazards in the processing process, it can help manufacturers to respond quickly and reduce or avoid unqualified production operations.

Traditional on-line detection technology often has some shortcomings, such as requiring large equipment and professional operators, and complicated pretreatment.Electrochemical detection methodIt has the advantages of high sensitivity, quick response, real-time monitoring and selectivity. By measuring and analyzing electrochemical signals such as current and voltage in food raw materials, it can be judged whether there are harmful substances.

Gao et al., from the perspective of electrochemical detection, used the electrolyte gate-controlled graphene transistor with two-dimensional graphene as the channel material to realize the rapid identification of the freezing and thawing degree of beef. Mao et al. aim at heavy metal Cr in aquatic products（VI）In order to solve the pollution problem, two-dimensional monatomic iron material is used as the colorimetric sensor of peroxidase to detect Cr in fish quickly and simply.（VI）, and achieved good expected results. Zhu et al. developed a portable aptamer sensor, which has the characteristics of simple operation and portability, and can simultaneously detect T-2 toxin and zearalenone in corn and oat flour, thus realizing the on-line detection of mycotoxins during processing.

In the future, multi-functional electrochemical biosensors and nano-devices can be constructed through electrochemical aptamer joint detection technology, so as to realize the detection of complex hazards such as benzopyrene and allergens in the production process and ensure the safety and stability of food quality in the production process. The flow chart of future emergency food research and development strategy is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Future Emergency Food R&D and Development Strategy Process

conclusion

In recent years, emergencies have occurred frequently in China, and the demand for emergency food has been rising continuously. Especially after the COVID-19 epidemic, China residents’ awareness of food nutrition and safety has been continuously enhanced, and food is required to have certain functionality while meeting basic energy. Therefore, one of the first tasks in the post-epidemic period is to accelerate the research on emergency food.

For the development of emergency food in China, there are many problems in the process of modern rescue, such as insufficient nutrition supply of emergency food, imperfect functional food and difficulty in accurate distribution. Based on this actual situation, the design and development of rescue food with complete nutritional functions, convenient eating and convenient storage and transportation, and the realization of industrial production can not only meet the national emergency relief needs, but also fill the food shortage of emergency relief materials.

By analyzing the development gap of emergency food at home and abroad and thinking about the future development trend of food, this paper puts forward three research and development directions of emergency food, and produces a series of safe, fresh, nutritious and stable emergency food through intelligent supply chain and accurate and efficient detection technology, so as to make it have core competitiveness and greater development space in the market, and gradually open and improve the emergency food market in China.

Acknowledgement: Professor Hao Limin, Institute of Quartermaster Engineering Technology, Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, gave advice and help; Support of agricultural eco-environmental protection and quality and safety industrial technology system in Anhui Province.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Science and technology herald (id: streview), published in Science and Technology Herald, No.19, 2023, by Ning Cheng (Ph.D., School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology), Liu Changhong and Zheng Lei (correspondent, same as before, professor).

　　On Wednesday, Eastern Time, US chip stocks experienced a one-day rebound tour, which weakened in an all-round way overnight, and the market was also dragged down. The three major indexes were mixed. In addition, after the release of heavy inflation data, the market also lacked catalysts, and the overall performance was relatively dull.

　　At the close, the Dow Jones index rose 0.10% to 39,043.32 points; The S&P 500 index fell 0.19% to 5,165.31 points; The Nasdaq index fell 0.54% to 16,177.77 points.

　　The yield of US bonds has rebounded, with the benchmark 10-year US bond yield closing at 4.1879% and the 2-year US bond yield, which is most sensitive to the Fed’s policy interest rate, closing at 4.6324%.

　　It may take some time for the market to digest the inflation data, because the last interest rate meeting in the first quarter will be held next week. At this meeting, the bitmap and economic outlook will be announced, when investors will have a clearer expectation for the prospect of interest rate cuts. Before that, if there is no heavy news, US stocks may be more inclined to defensive trading strategies.

　　Some analysts said that although the latest CPI data is a relief, people are still cautious about the basic data. In the short term, the macro narrative around the Fed will be the primary and central issue.

　　Let’s pay attention to the progress of the US presidential election again. According to Xinhua News Agency, according to calculations and reports from many mainstream media in the United States, former President Trump locked in the Republican presidential nomination for the 2024 US presidential election on the 12 th. That is to say, if there is no accident, Biden and Trump will fight for the second time in the presidential election, but the market has not obviously responded to this at present, and the policies pursued by the two are worthy of attention.

　　In terms of enterprises and industries, it is not as dull as the broader market. Tesla, in particular, has been under the headwind so far this year, and was once again slashed by two investment banks overnight. UBS maintained Tesla’s neutral rating and lowered its target price from $250 to $165. Wells Fargo lowered Tesla’s target price from $200 to $120. Tesla fell more than 4% overnight to $169.5, and there was still 30% room for decline from Wells Fargo’s target price.

　　Colin Langan, an analyst at Wells Fargo, reported that the growth of the electric car manufacturer in the core market has slowed down. He downgraded Tesla’s rating to the equivalent of selling. It is expected that Tesla’s sales will be flat this year and will decline in 2025. Langan writes that Elon Musk’s company is a "growth company without growth". He pointed out that in the second half of 2023, sales only increased by 3% compared with the first half, while prices fell by 5%. Analysts have become more and more cautious about Tesla, and the bullish rating ratio has dropped to the lowest since April 2021.

　　In the future, see how Musk will fight back.

　　In terms of AI, Figure, a robot startup company blessed by Amazon and NVIDIA, has released its first robot demo blessed by OpenAI. Although only a neural network is used, it can be used to hand apples to humans, put black plastic bags into frames, and put cups and plates on the drain rack in order to obey human orders. The video shows that the whole operation of the robot is very smooth.

　　In addition, Cerebras Systems, a California semiconductor company, released the third-generation wafer-level AI acceleration chip "WSE-3", whose specifications and parameters are even crazier, and its performance has doubled under the premise of constant power consumption and price. It can train the next generation AI model which is ten times as large as GPT-4 and Gemini, and can store 24 trillion parameters in a single logical memory space without partition or reconstruction.

　　However, it should be noted that the EU passed the world’s first heavy artificial intelligence supervision bill, which is expected to take effect in May.

　　[Hot stocks]

　　Most large technology stocks fell, with Apple down 1.21%, Microsoft down 0.04%, NVIDIA down 1.12%, Google up 0.93%, Amazon up 0.66%, Meta down 0.84% and Tesla down 4.54%.

　　In terms of Chinese stocks, Nasdaq China Jinlong Index rose by 1.04%, Alibaba rose by 0.43%, JD.COM rose by 2.34%, Pinduoduo rose by 3.55%, Weilai Automobile fell by 4.36%, Xpeng Motors fell by 3.10%, LI fell by 3.30%, Blilly fell by 1.42%, Baidu rose by 2.49% and Netease rose by 1.94%.

　　[global index]

　　In European stock markets, the FTSE 100 index rose slightly by 0.31% to 7772 points. The French CAC40 index rose slightly by 0.62% to 8138 points. Germany DAX index fell slightly by 0.02% to 17,961 points.

　　In Asian stock markets, the Hang Seng Index fell slightly by 0.07% to 17,082 points. The index of state-owned enterprises fell slightly by 0.29% to 5932 points.

　　[foreign exchange commodities]

　　The main contract of Brent crude oil closed at $83.95 per barrel, up 2.48%; The main contract of crude oil in the previous period closed at 630.90 yuan per barrel overnight, up 1.64%.

　　Overnight, the Shanghai gold main contract closed up 0.76% to 508.84 yuan per gram.

　　[Highlights]

　　Yellen: US interest rates are unlikely to fall back to the pre-epidemic level. The slowdown in rent growth will push inflation down.

　　As to why the forecast released by the White House on Monday shows that the interest rate forecast in the next few years is significantly higher than that of a year ago, Yellen said that the relevant economic forecast of the White House reflects the current market reality, and she also refuted the concerns about stagflation, insisting that the progress in inflation has not stagnated.

　　Figure launches robot demo blessed by OpenAI big model.

　　Robot startup Figure released its first robot demo blessed by OpenAI big model. Although only a neural network is used, it can be used to hand apples to humans, put black plastic bags into frames, and put cups and plates on the drain rack in order to obey human orders. The video shows that the whole operation of the robot is very smooth.

　　The world’s first AI chip upgrades 4 trillion transistors and 900,000 cores.

　　Cerebras Systems, a California semiconductor company, released the third-generation wafer-level AI acceleration chip "WSE-3", with even crazier specifications and doubled performance under the premise of unchanged power consumption and price. WSE-3 was upgraded to TSMC’s 5nm process again, but the area was not mentioned, but it should be similar. However, the number of transistors continued to increase to an astonishing 4 trillion, the number of AI cores further increased to 900,000, the cache capacity reached 44GB, and the external matching memory capacity was 1.5TB, 12TB and 1200TB. The number of cores and cache capacity have not increased much, but the performance has achieved a leap. The peak AI computing power is as high as 125PFlops, which is 1.25 billion floating-point calculations per second, comparable to the top supercomputing. It can train the next generation AI model which is ten times as large as GPT-4 and Gemini, and can store 24 trillion parameters in a single logical memory space without partition or reconstruction. Four parallel, it can complete the adjustment of 70 billion parameters in one day, and support up to 2048 interconnections, and it can complete the training of Llama 700 billion parameters in one day.

　　UBS and Wells Fargo slash Tesla’s target price

　　On March 13th, local time, Tesla closed down 4.54% to $169.48, and its market value evaporated by about $257 overnight, with a total market value of $539.8 billion. UBS maintained Tesla’s neutral rating and lowered its target price from $250 to $165. Wells Fargo lowered Tesla’s target price from $200 to $120.

　　The European Parliament passed the Artificial Intelligence Act.

　　On March 13th, the European Parliament passed the landmark Artificial Intelligence Act with 523 votes in favor, 46 votes against and 49 abstentions. The European Parliament said that the bill aims to protect basic rights, democracy, the rule of law and environmental sustainability from the impact of high-risk artificial intelligence, while promoting innovation to "build Europe into a leader in this field". The bill will ban some artificial intelligence applications that "threaten citizens’ rights", including biometric classification systems based on sensitive features, as well as capturing facial images from the Internet or closed-circuit television videos to create a facial recognition database. Artificial intelligence that manipulates human behavior or exploits human weaknesses will also be banned.

　　Musk confirmed that Tesla’s German factory resumed operations.

　　Musk issued a document on March 13 that Tesla’s super factory in Berlin has resumed operations and thanked the employees for their support. It is reported that the Tesla German factory was blacked out for a week due to arson. The power company responsible for solving the power outage said later on Monday that the factory had been reconnected to the power grid. It is reported that the factory has about 12,500 employees.

　　It is reported that Samsung Electronics plans to increase the price by 15-20% with downstream manufacturers on the price negotiation of NAND flash memory.

　　Samsung Motor plans to renegotiate the price of NAND flash memory with major mobile, PC and server customers from this month to next month, with a target price increase of 15-20%. After more than a year of oversupply, the price of Samsung Electronics’ NAND flash memory was once flat, so it plans to negotiate with big customers to bring the price back to a reasonable level.

　　GPT-4.5 is suspected to be available. OpenAI official website webpage was indexed by netizens. GPT-4.5Turbo was officially released on Thursday.

　　Search engines such as Bing and DuckDuck Go have indexed the product pages of GPT-4.5Turbo, and netizens speculated that the official release date of GPT-4.5 Turbo might be this Thursday-the anniversary of the release of GPT-4.

　　[financial calendar]