武汉夜生活网论坛-武汉桑拿论坛-武汉狼盟-武汉耍耍网

CCTV News:At this year’s two sessions, delegates and members from various fields brought a lot of new news. Dong Baotong, deputy to the National People’s Congress and deputy director of the National Atomic Energy Agency, said that China has mastered the fourth generation of advanced nuclear power technology, and its first demonstration project — — The world’s first pebble bed modular high temperature gas cooled reactor nuclear power plant has been connected to the grid for power generation.

The fourth generation nuclear power technology independently developed by China — — High-temperature gas-cooled reactor, the localization rate of equipment is as high as 93.4%, and the first demonstration project has been completed for grid-connected power generation. The heat generated by high-temperature gas-cooled reactor can meet most of the heat source requirements in ethanol purification, petrochemical industry, hydrogen production and other fields.

Dong Baotong, NPC deputy:The biggest advantage of high temperature reactor is actually its inherent safety, and it doesn’t need a big factory building and a thick containment like other nuclear reactors. At the same time, it has also promoted the whole industrial chain (development), and it can be expanded with the application in the future.

At the same time, China’s independent research and development of three generations of nuclear power technology — — The construction of Hualong No.1 unit is also progressing steadily. At present, there are four units connected to the grid at home and abroad, which have been recognized by users.

In addition to power generation, nuclear energy technology will gradually be applied to major projects in the aerospace field to provide power support for spacecraft carrying out deep space exploration missions.

Dong Baotong, NPC deputy:We "the Goddess Chang’e flying to the moon", we can use solar energy, because it is still in the solar system, now including going to Mars, and solar energy can also play a role. But if our future spacecraft or probes go into deep space and there is no solar energy, nuclear energy becomes almost the only choice.

Language is an important tool for human beings to express their communication and thinking. Language reflects people’s thoughts, and people use language to communicate, express and create. The daily language used by human beings is called natural language, which includes vocabulary, pronunciation, semantics and grammar. The language used for machine programming is called computer language, which consists of numbers, characters and grammatical rules. Human natural languages are in different languages and belong to different language families, and computer languages are also divided into various categories according to different writing rules. Language intelligence, the ability of people to communicate and think in writing through language dialogue, is regarded as an aspect of human intelligence. In contrast, a machine (computer) has the ability to recognize computer language, run programs and perform operations, and computer language can be regarded as a language inherent in the machine. If the computer can understand the natural language as a "foreign language", realize the translation of natural language, understand and execute people’s commands, and even talk to people, can it be considered that the computer has language intelligence similar to that of people? This paper will answer this question.

Definition of natural language and computer language

The language used in human daily life is called natural language. Humans use language to express ideas, communicate and describe objects. As a carrier, language carries the connotation of words. Many languages of human beings belong to different language families, but languages can correspond and translate with each other. Every language is a system including vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation, in which vocabulary is used to express itself according to grammatical rules. As the philosopher and linguist Chomsky said in Language and Mind, "People who know a certain language have mastered a set of rules system, which assigns sounds and meanings to countless possible sentences in a certain way." However, individuals who use natural language may not be aware of the rules and connotations of this language system: "People who know the language are not aware that they have mastered these rules or are using them, and there is no reason to assume that this knowledge of language rules can be brought into consciousness."

The acquisition of natural language is based on life and social interaction. The process for children to master a language is to get in touch with words and sentences through a large number of dialogues, acquire sentence models in conversations and chats, and then master grammar. It can be seen that the learning of natural language is from semantics to grammar. Therefore, some scholars discuss language acquisition from the standpoint of human language talent theory. For example, Chomsky thinks that there is a natural universal grammar in the human brain, which exists in a place called language acquisition device. He tried to explain the relationship between language research and human nature, and thought that language reflected the process of human mind and determined all aspects of ideological characteristics and development.

From the perspective of language system, natural language is both stable and changeable. On the premise that a language exists, its vocabulary and basic grammar are stable. At the same time, the language is constantly updated, derived and developed due to the changes of the times and environment during its inheritance and use.

Computer language refers to the language that uses numbers and characters to write programs according to the prescribed grammatical rules, so that computers can do all kinds of work. It includes machine language, assembly language, high-level language and so on. In different ways of thinking about programming and programming models, statements composed of characters and grammatical rules perform operations according to instructions. The original intention of computer language design is to enable people to better control and operate computers. At present, every action and step made by all computers are carried out according to the program compiled by computer language. The operation of a computer is a process of accepting input, matching objects and outputting answers. In the execution operation, the calculator must first understand the input commands of people, and translate the natural language. The source code of the application program is translated into the target code machine language by the interpreter of the corresponding language, and then the compilation operation is carried out to translate the program source code into the target code machine language.

It can be said that computer language is the medium of man-machine dialogue. Computer language can recognize and translate natural language, perform operations and output results in its construction, and the translation process is the key to man-machine cooperation and even man-machine dialogue. The machine can only continue to perform operations after understanding the commands input by human beings. Before the emergence of intelligent machines, people’s input instructions to machines were single, but today’s intelligent machines have gradually tried to understand people’s commands through voice and image recognition. At present, this ability mainly depends on corpus analysis, enhanced matching search and deep learning.

If the vocabulary of natural language is regarded as a set of symbols and its grammar is regarded as the rules for the use of symbols, then computer language is also the use of symbols and rules. The encoding and decoding of computer input and output, as well as the operation in human-computer interaction, are also similar to the process of using language to listen, read, write and communicate with people. In this sense, computer language seems to be the natural language of computers. If the computer is truly intelligent, then in its view, human natural language can be regarded as a foreign language. But can computers be intelligent?

To compare natural language with computer language, an important perspective is to distinguish the internal logic of natural language and computer language from their logical systems. Logic is an important connotation of language, and the logical structure and grammatical system of a language are the root causes that distinguish it from other languages and languages.

Logic in Natural Language and Computer Language

In the use of natural language, ambiguity and ambiguity are inevitable, and there are misunderstandings and deviations in translation between languages. Scholars want to solve the ambiguity and ambiguity of words in expression and find the common deep structure in human language, so they invented formal language by using mathematical methods for reference. The original intention of formal language is that people want to make logic have a set of universal symbols like mathematics, so as to try to establish a universal and unambiguous language. Through this language, all thinking and reasoning can be transformed into calculus and become as accurate as mathematics. Logicians try to accurately describe the world described by natural language with formal systems and symbols, so as to make more accurate reasoning, analysis and judgment. Therefore, in the study of logical language, it also includes the study of natural language generative grammar.

Natural language can be regarded as a symbol system, in which words are symbols to express ideas under the cultural background. However, the logic in natural language is not only grammatical structure, but also semantic. The ambiguity and vagueness of some words in our daily expression are difficult to judge in grammar, but they can be simply solved by context and the introduction of context. Wittgenstein thinks that natural language is used to express objects, the meaning of a proposition or sentence comes from its real object, and the process of learning language is to master the relationship between words and objects. We can’t get meaning from a single word, but through association and activity, so natural language has meaning under certain environment and specific rules of the game.

Therefore, the logic of natural language has one more dimension than that of formal language. Natural language is a part of human mind, and the logic contained in words is the unique logical ability of human mind. As Wittgenstein pointed out, a single vocabulary and grammatical structure cannot convey complete meaning. The acquisition of natural language can’t be achieved only by learning the logical structure of language. Therefore, mind is an important concept in the acquisition of natural language.

The computer language used by the machine is also a formal language. It is the language that people first gave to the machine and became the pre-existing language in it. When computers understand and execute human commands, they need to translate natural languages into computer languages that can be understood by machines, and then carry out program operations. Formal description of natural language is very important for mechanical imitation of computer programs, but understanding imitation is different from mechanical imitation. Mechanical imitation involves formal nature, while comprehension imitation involves quasi-semantic nature. At present, computers are mainly based on mechanical imitation and talk to people’s natural language through logical language. Therefore, although the processing of natural language by computer can be regarded as a kind of translation, at present, this kind of translation is different from the mutual translation between two languages in natural language.

In the process of disambiguation, computers need a lot of knowledge, including linguistic knowledge (morphology, syntax, semantics, context, etc.) and common sense cognition about the world. This has also caused two main difficulties in natural language processing at present. Measuring computer language from the perspective of natural language is highly formalized, which makes its ability to describe context limited, and it cannot convey multi-layer information like natural language. Therefore, although formal language has advantages in accuracy, its contextual shaping ability and expressive power are inevitably weaker than natural language. In the understanding of natural language, it is difficult for formal language to fully describe how lexical devices are related to syntactic structures, thus forming the meaning of sentences, which is also an important reason for errors in computer recognition of natural language. Of course, with the development of corpus construction and corpus linguistics, the rationalism method based on syntactic-semantic rules, which was mainly used by computers in dealing with natural languages, has taken a back seat. Nowadays, the natural language processing technology has introduced statistical mathematics methods, and gradually reduced errors with the support of matching search and automatic learning methods.

Cognitive science holds that thinking and cognition are logical operations of knowledge, while computerized natural language analysis mainly depends on the expression of logical language. From the perspective of behaviorism, if the machine has a computer language, and it is constantly strengthened and more accurate in the operation execution and use the day after tomorrow, it is a kind of acquisition and consolidation. In this sense, computer language seems to be its natural language for computers. However, although natural language and computer language each contain many kinds, the reasons for their diversity are different. Different from the differences of history, culture and region, computer language is developed for different needs when writing programs. Therefore, the connotation of natural language and computer language is different. Fundamentally speaking, the mind embodied by natural language is different from that expressed by computer language.

Natural language and mind

If natural language is the tool of human expression and the medium of thinking, then the relationship between natural language and mind is inseparable. To a certain extent, people’s ability to use language is one of the manifestations of mental ability. Mind is different from intelligence. Mind is a part of intelligence, which refers to people’s abilities of perception, feeling, memory, learning, understanding and innovation.

Mental ability includes the understanding of natural language. When using natural language in daily life, we can get the pronunciation, image and connotation of the described object at the same time. In our daily life, whenever we hear someone describe something or see someone pointing to an object, we will remember what this thing is called and say the same words when we refer to that thing again in the future. We can also experience all kinds of emotions and feelings in the sentence from other people’s voices, movements, expressions and eyes, as well as body movements, tones and tones. That is to say, in natural language, the meaning of words is not limited to the meaning of a single word, but also includes the appearance of the referent, pronunciation, the intention of the narrator and the context at that time. The meanings of natural language are fully embodied in social communication and dialogue. A comprehensive grasp of these meanings requires mental ability, and vice versa. As Chomsky said: the surface rule of words forming sentences is grammar, but the real meaning of sentences is reflected in the deep structure. The deep structure is related to the surface structure through some mental operations. In other words, the connection between all words, sounds and meanings of natural language is based on the grammatical structure on the basis of mind.

Furthermore, the study of natural language is also a reflection of mental ability. Psychologists represented by Chomsky believe that language and grammatical structure are the essence and characteristics of human mind. No matter how different language users are in individual experience and ability, they will complete the task of constructing language theory system in a very similar way. We are endowed with cognitive structure and language ability in our minds, and gradually strengthen our grasp of grammar rules in the application of acquired knowledge. "On a basic level, we humans are not learning languages. The real situation is that languages grow up in our minds."

Different from Chomsky, Quine’s language theory is based on empiricism and behaviorism. He opposes both the thorough empiricism reductionism and the pure transcendental knowledge. He believes that the reason why language can express meaning depends on the acquisition of behavior, and people’s mental ability embodied in language behavior is gradually acquired. The mental ability to master and use a language is acquired and can be strengthened through training. In Quine’s view, our ability to master language comes from public knowledge, which is a kind of inheritance of human common experience and knowledge background, rather than a priori existence: "Even if we want to talk about a unique quality of sensory awareness, most of us have to turn to public objects, the color of oranges, the taste of rotten eggs, and so on. To continuously access the previous sensory data, it also depends on the reference object. Of course, we should explore the sensory awareness and sensory stimulation behind the daily discourse about objects, but these are the background of concept formation or language, not their underlying structure. "

According to Chomsky’s theory, the initial inner nature that we give to an intelligent computer can be counted as its innate "mind", of course, such a mind is given by people and is incomplete. According to Quine’s theory, under the premise of being constructed, the computer has acquired the knowledge background and can continuously strengthen its language ability in learning, which seems to mean that it is possible to obtain real intelligence in intensive learning, including the same level of language intelligence as people.

Machine language and mind

In the famous Turing test of artificial intelligence, if a person can have a long enough conversation with a machine, if the interlocutor can’t tell whether the answer comes from a machine or a person, then it is judged that the machine is intelligent. It can be seen that the main ability of Turing’s intelligent computer is the ability to understand and use language. The test defines the intelligence of the machine as several aspects: the machine should be able to answer the questions of input text; Be able to explain the meaning of words; Able to understand sentences composed of words; Be able to translate one language into another. Language ability is an important criterion to judge whether a computer has intelligence. It can even be said that from the mechanism of Turing test, language ability can be equated with intelligence.

If intelligence must master language ability, as mentioned above, although the natural language used by human beings has vague and ambiguous contents, its expressive power is indeed stronger than that of formal language. If a computer wants to have real intelligence, it must have the ability to understand natural language in different contexts. However, this ability is almost impossible in the existing technology. Dreyfus mentioned in What Computers Can’t Do that one of the difficult problems for machines to acquire intelligence is to solve the ambiguity in language. Although there is now the support of enhanced matching search and big data, the ambiguity problem of natural language has been partially solved on the surface. However, if we can really understand and use a language by referring to the way we use natural language, we need to master the necessary reasoning rules (including expert knowledge reasoning and common sense reasoning), but also have the ability to understand and comprehend the context. With this ability, you can be considered to have a mind and intelligence.

When discussing machine intelligence and mind, many researchers hope to get inspiration from the generation and structure of human intelligence. From simple development to complex thinking, human intelligence seems to have rules to follow, but if you consider it carefully, even the simplest and most elementary intelligence involves the cooperation of millions of brain cells and muscle cells on a large scale. These simple behaviors are embedded with too much intelligence, which are deep mental abilities that are not realized in daily speech and behavior. Language intelligence, as one of them, if we consider the source of language mechanism and its role in the sudden qualitative change of human intelligence, at least two basic problems will appear: first, the core semantic content of the smallest meaningful element, including the simplest element. Second, the principle of allowing unlimited combinations of symbols. If we want to analyze the physiological structure and logical structure produced by human mind step by step, we will try to endow the machine with mind by imitating this structure. It is bound to face two dilemmas: first, the human brain is a black box that cannot be completely mastered; Second, the mind, as a non-physical but real existence, is an elusive existence for technology.

From the standpoint of mentalism, it is impossible for a computer to have the same mental ability as human beings, although it can acquire more sophisticated and accurate natural language processing technology with the development of technology, and it can understand all instructions of natural language in operation and execution. From the standpoint of behaviorism, if a machine has the same language ability as human beings and can understand and express natural language, it seems that it can be considered as a machine with mind. However, the inevitable problems in the transformation between natural language and formal language also indicate that imitation based on behaviorism cannot be exactly the same as human beings.

conclusion

With the development of technology, the number of natural language texts that can be processed by computers has been increasing. Under the application requirements of text mining, information extraction, cross-language information processing, human-computer interaction and so on, the research on computer natural language processing is also advancing. However, natural language is directional and logical in description and expression, and conveys and carries culture. This means that natural language is not only a combination of some words and symbols, but also different from formal language. Although natural language is also used under certain logical grammar and has the functions of communication, exchange, expression and creation, it also has cultural attributes. The acquisition of a language not only includes the use of words and grammatical rules, but also includes the understanding and recognition of a culture. At this level, no matter how much the existing intelligent machines deal with natural languages, they have not yet possessed real intelligence. Therefore, we can take the normal use of language as extremely clear empirical evidence to prove that other creatures have the same mind as us, but not as discriminatory evidence of the source of mind and human ability.

Descartes said that "language is the core symbol of human thinking", which means that language ability and human thinking ability are inseparable and language ability is the representation of human mind. He also pointed out that two important abilities of human mind, understanding and will, cannot be realized by machines (automata). Because the mind has no substance, it is impossible for automata to create the mind by imitating the surface structure anyway. Descartes’ prediction is still correct today, although it lacks the integrity of argument. The use, expression and creation of language is an important content of human intelligence. If the intelligent machine in the future will have the same or even stronger intelligence as human beings, then it must have the same understanding and application ability as human language ability. This can’t be done at the existing computer language level. As for whether machines can learn "foreign languages" by new breakthrough technologies in the future, that is another question.

References:

Dreyfus. What Computers Can’t Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence [M]. Joint Publishing Company, 1986.

Noam Chomsky. Language and Mind [M]. Renmin University of China Press, 2015.

Selected Works of Noam Chomsky Chomsky’s Philosophy of Language [M]. The Commercial Press, 1992.

Noam Chomsky. Some Problems of Syntactic Theory [M]. China Social Sciences Press, 1986.

Quine. Words and Objects [M]. Renmin University of China Press, 2012.

Wittgenstein. Philosophical Studies [M]. The Commercial Press, 2000.

Frege. Selected Works of Frege’s Philosophy [M]. The Commercial Press, 2006.

　　CCTV News:Smuggled goods are commonly called parallel imports by consumers. Customs anti-smuggling personnel said that the purchase of smuggled watches has the risk of safeguarding rights, and if the amount involved is large, it will also bear corresponding legal responsibilities.

　　In recent years, with the increase of people leaving the country, some people will also buy watches for their own use or bring them to relatives and friends abroad. If you buy watches abroad, you should declare them to the customs in accordance with state regulations when you enter the country. Watches with a price below 5,000 yuan are not subject to tax, and those with a price between 5,000 yuan and 10,000 yuan should pay 30% postal tax, and the tax rate above 10,000 yuan is 60%.

　　Zhou Peng, Chief of Anti-smuggling Section of Post Office of Nanjing Customs Anti-smuggling Bureau Jinling Branch.: "If you don’t declare, if you bring one or two watches and evade taxes of less than 100,000 yuan, you will be subject to administrative punishment by the customs. Once you bring more watches and evade taxes of more than 100,000 yuan, you will be suspected of smuggling ordinary goods and articles and a fine of 1 to 5 times of tax evasion."

　　Then, if domestic consumers buy watches for the sake of being cheap and knowing that they are smuggled, do they also have to bear corresponding legal responsibilities?

　　Wu Weimin, Director of Investigation Department of Anti-smuggling Bureau of Hangzhou Customs.: "If consumers know that they are smuggling watches, it also constitutes the crime of smuggling. If tax-related individuals buy more than 100,000 and units buy more than 200,000, they must be investigated for criminal responsibility."

　　Si Bo, Chief of Investigation Department of Tianjin Customs Anti-smuggling Bureau: "The purchase of smuggled watches has a great impact on consumers, such as the warranty and later maintenance of watches."

　　Therefore, customs officers suggest that consumers must buy imported high-end watches from regular shops and channels in order to protect their legitimate rights and interests.

　　　 1905 movie network news Emilia Clarke, the "Dragon Mother", is the most popular one among a bunch of British actors, because her new film will be released soon. The actress, who was worried about a monthly rent of 1,000 pounds a few years ago, just celebrated her 28th birthday happily this year. See, even if I hurt my legs, the Luns still smile from ear to ear.

On June 19th, Amelia attended the publicity activity of Terminator: Genesis on crutches.

　　　 In July last year, Xiao Bian was lucky enough to be invited by Paramount Pictures to visit the filming location of Terminator: Genesis in New Orleans, USA. In this new trilogy, Sarah Connor and kyle reese are played by Emilia Clarke and jai courtney respectively. Before Xiaobian takes you into the two interviews, let’s sort out the story and prevent possible time and space confusion and fine points.

From 1984 to 2015, which version of Sarah Connor do you like best?

　　　 In 1984, James Cameron, his father, used linda hamilton, a blonde, to play Sarah Connor, a weak female college student. As we all know, Sarah is the mother of human leader kate connor. In 2029, in order to prevent the villain T-800 from going back to the past and killing his mother, John sent a soldier kyle reese to save Sarah in 1984. As a result, they fell in love and gave birth to John’s sequel "Terminator: Judgment Day" in 1991. Sarah has become a well-trained full-muscle, zero-fat modern female warrior image, and T-800, Recently, Internet language likes to use three words to summarize incisive sentences, so if three words are used to explain the central plot of Terminator series, that is "killing Nima".

Sarah’s lover, kyle reese, has also been updated, and the most robust one is the new version of jai courtney.

　

　　　 In 2011, Paramount Pictures announced that it would restart Terminator, and it would make three films with brand-new cass and visual technology. The storyline would have nothing to do with Cameron’s version, and it would be three independent chapters. The first part will be released in the world on July 1st this year, and the date of China’s introduction has not been fixed. The whole story revolves around Terminator, kate connor, Sarah Connor, kyle reese and T-1000. In 2029, after the "Judgment Day", the decisive battle between human beings and machines began. kyle reese volunteered and was sent back to Sarah Connor, the biological mother who protected herself in 1984, by kate connor, the leader of the human resistance. Back in the past, kyle reese encountered the liquid metal terminator T-1000, and was rescued by heavily armed Sarah Connor driving a truck. Sarah told Kyle that 1984 no longer existed, and the T-800 that tried to kill Sarah that year had been killed by the terminator of the old version. This old version of Terminator is also a T-800 series, or played by Schwarzenegger of the old version of Terminator. It is called "Guardian" in the new film and is a key figure in training Sarah and raising John. Kyle, who fought alongside Sarah, needs to defeat the T-1000, correct the time channel and return to the future world. But,On the way, the three men met a more powerful robot T-3000, and his human face completely imitated kate connor, which made Sarah completely unable to do it. After reading this, I believe that the audience who have been constantly improving the concept of time and space through the drama "Palace" series and "The Vampire Diaries" can easily control this small case plot.

Kyle reese found himself in the wrong era, and the old song "We can’t go back, can we?"

On the day of the interview, Emilia Clarke and jai courtney appeared in front of us in costumes. Amelia wore a ponytail and a suit of black bullet-proof clothing, and she smiled lovely, just like a "neighbor" female soldier.

Amelia is 157 and weighs 114 Jin. Jin Jin is a treasure.

Movie network:Compared with Game of Thrones, what is the action intensity of Terminator?

Amelia: Not the same level. I want to be trained in martial arts, firearms and close combat. In Game of Thrones, all I have to do is talk to the air. Dragons are added later. Here, we are all serious and exciting.

　

Movie network:The first time you played against Schwarzenegger, how did you meet for the first time?

Amelia: He is a legend, so when I first met him, I was very nervous. However, I didn’t expect him to be so approachable and make me laugh from time to time, which immediately made me look forward to working with him.

　　Chongqing Rail Transit (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Chongqing Rail Group) announced on the evening of January 19 that at noon on January 18, a sling fork ear screw of Egongyan Rail Bridge on the subway ring line was abnormal, and Chongqing Rail Group immediately launched an emergency plan, and the operation of the Olympic Sports Center on the ring line was suspended from Xiejiawan to Strait Road.

　　At the same time, Chongqing Rail Group quickly organized relevant experts and technicians to carry out emergency treatment, and technicians will conduct a comprehensive inspection of the bridge sling system.

　　Zhou Shuixing, director of the Bridge Engineering Department of the School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) after seeing the multi-angle photos on the spot that the screw fracture should be related to the material and stress, and other screws should be inspected comprehensively after this happens. He said that it may only be necessary to replace the screw, which will have little impact on the whole bridge.

　　Broken sling fork ear screw

　　Chongqing Railway has repeatedly sent messages saying that it has investigated hidden dangers and apologized.

　　On the afternoon of January 19th, the news that there was a problem with the sling of Egongyan Track Bridge spread in many WeChat groups in Chongqing. According to the information released by Chongqing Railway Group, the sling failure occurred at noon on January 18th. The Paper checked the official Weibo and found that at 13: 04 on January 18th, Chongqing Rail Group released the news of the first ring road facility failure.

　　The news said, "Due to the hidden dangers of the subway ring line equipment and facilities, the staff are actively investigating, which has caused the operation of the Olympic Sports Center from Xiejiawan to Haixia Road to be blocked. Please cooperate with the station staff to guide and wait in an orderly manner or transfer to other means of transportation."

　　At 13: 41 on January 18th, Chongqing Rail Group released the second operation emergency message through Guanwei, saying, "The operation of the Olympic Sports Center from Xiejiawan to Strait Road is blocked due to hidden dangers in the facilities of the subway ring line. In order to maintain the operation to the maximum extent, the Olympic Sports Center is now running through Ranjiaba to Strait Road, and the bus connection between the entrance and exit of the Olympic Sports Center Station 5B and the entrance and exit of Strait Road Station 3A is started."

　　Since then, Chongqing Rail Group has released information twice at 23: 04 on January 18th and 10: 22 on January 19th, indicating that hidden dangers of equipment and facilities are still under investigation and rectification.

　　Then, Chongqing Rail Group issued a letter of apology for "the inconvenience of passengers’ travel due to the inability of the loop train to operate normally on time for some reason". In the letter of apology, the group said that it would further improve the maintenance and emergency rescue capabilities of rail transit system equipment, minimize the occurrence of emergencies, and let rail transit give full play to its advantages of "safety, speed, punctuality and comfort".

　　Upper part of broken sling fork ear screw

　　Trial operation of the involved track bridge in 2019

　　The Paper inquired about Chongqing local media reports and found that in 2014, the construction of Egongyan Track Bridge started, which was undertaken by China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau. In October 2019, the bridge began trial operation of the track loop.

　　According to chongqing morning post, Egongyan Rail Bridge is located between Haixia Road Station and Xiejiawan Station of rail transit loop, connecting Nan ‘an District and Jiulongpo District of Chongqing, and it is an important node bridge of rail transit loop across the Yangtze River. The total length of the bridge is 1650.5 meters. It is a self-anchored suspension bridge with five-span continuous steel box girder, twin towers and double cable planes, and the main span reaches 600 meters. Its span ranks among the top suspension bridges for rail transit in the world, and it is also the self-anchored suspension bridge with the largest main span in the world.

　　It is worth mentioning that Egongyan Track Bridge is located about 45 meters upstream of Egongyan Bridge. The height of the two bridges is basically the same, and they are known as twin sister bridges.

　　Official website, China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group Co., Ltd., said when introducing Egongyan Track Bridge that Egongyan Track Bridge is the key project of Chongqing Rail Transit Loop Phase II. The self-anchored suspension cable of five-span continuous steel box girder with twin towers and double cable planes with a main span of 600 meters is the "most" self-anchored suspension bridge in the world, compared with the self-anchored suspension bridge with the second largest span in the world at that time — — The bridge on Muhu Island in Estonia is 120 meters long. The main tower of the bridge is 153 meters high, which is equivalent to 50 stories high. The main construction difficulties include the excavation of main tower foundation, the construction of main tower, the installation of steel box girder of cable-stayed bridge, the installation of main cable of suspension bridge, system transformation and the construction monitoring of the whole bridge. The construction standard is high, and it is risky and challenging. It is the first case in the world to adopt the method of "cable-stayed first and then suspended cable" in organizational construction.

　　Broken sling fork ear screw

　　Bridge expert: Fracture is related to material and stress.

　　Zhou Shuixing, director of the Department of Bridge Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, looked at the multi-angle photos at the scene and said that the fracture of the sling fork ear screw was related to its material and stress. It may have little impact on the whole bridge, just change the suspenders.

　　Regarding "will other screws face the same fracture", Zhou Shuixing said that the bridge should be physically examined every year and inspected daily. Generally, after this problem occurs, other screws should be thoroughly inspected.

　　However, Zhou Shuixing also said that the vibration caused by the running of the vehicle is somewhat unfavorable to the sling fork ear screw, and vibration reduction measures can be taken. But we can’t find out why until the test results come out.

　　CCTV News:According to @ Shandong Emergency Management Weibo, according to the official measurement by China Seismological Network (Shandong Seismological Network), an earthquake of magnitude 5.5 occurred in Pingyuan County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province (37.16 degrees north latitude and 116.34 degrees east longitude) at 2: 33: 59 Beijing time on August 6, 2023, with a focal depth of 10 kilometers. The epicenter was located near Wangdagua Village, Wangdagua Town, Pingyuan County, Dezhou City. At present, the earthquake relief work is in full swing.

　　At 3: 40 on August 6, Shandong Earthquake Relief Headquarters launched a three-level emergency response to earthquake relief. The Shandong Earthquake Relief Headquarters sent a steering group led by the responsible comrades of the Provincial Emergency Department and the Provincial Seismological Bureau to the scene. Provincial earthquake disaster rescue teams, medical rescue teams, etc. have assembled for standby, and coordinated local garrison troops, armed police forces and fire rescue teams to participate in earthquake relief nearby. The Seismological Bureau of Shandong Province held a joint video conference with China Seismological Network Center, and analyzed that it is unlikely that a bigger earthquake will occur in the original epicenter after the earthquake.

　　According to the China Seismological Network Express, as of 6: 00 on the 6th, 56 aftershocks were recorded, including 1 aftershock of magnitude 3.0 and above and 55 aftershocks of magnitude 3.0 and below.

　　As of 8: 00 on the 6th, a total of 126 houses were damaged to varying degrees and 21 people were injured (20 in Dezhou and 1 in Liaocheng). At present, the infrastructure such as hydropower and communication in the earthquake zone is normal, and other relevant information is still under investigation.

　　CCTV News:The website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection recently replied on how to identify and handle real names, anonymous reports, and how to deal with false accusations, false accusations and other questions from netizens. The following are the details of consultation messages and replies.

　　Netizen "UFO 123":How do discipline inspection and supervision organs identify and handle real-name reports?

　　Central commission for discipline inspection letters and calls room: Using my real name or the name of my unit to provide effective contact information to report and accuse party member, the party organization and the object of supervision of violating discipline to the discipline inspection and supervision organs is a real-name report. Discipline inspection and supervision organs advocate real-name reporting, give priority to real-name reporting, and protect the rights of real-name informants in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　Netizen "lifting is healthier":How do discipline inspection and supervision organs handle anonymous reports? What should I pay attention to when reporting anonymously?

　　Central commission for discipline inspection letters and calls roomDiscipline inspection and supervision organs advocate real-name reporting, and both real-name reporting and anonymous reporting should be taken seriously and properly handled. If an anonymous report is made, it shall provide the name, work unit, specific circumstances and evidence of the facts of violation of discipline as much as possible, and shall not fabricate facts to falsely accuse or frame up.

　　Netizen "Apple is still sweet":How do discipline inspection and supervision organs deal with false accusations and false accusations?

　　Central commission for discipline inspection letters and calls roomIf the accusation is untrue, it must be strictly distinguished between false accusation and false accusation. Those who deliberately fabricate facts and falsely accuse or frame others shall be dealt with severely in accordance with relevant regulations; Suspected of a crime, transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law. The determination of false accusation must be approved by the party Committee or discipline inspection commission at or above the prefecture level (including prefecture level). If a false accusation occurs due to an incomplete understanding of the facts, it should clarify the right and wrong within a certain range, eliminate the impact on the wrongdoer, and educate the wrongdoer.

Lian Junxiang and Xu Hanyi recently held a press conference in the State Council Press Office. The relevant person in charge of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention said that due to the sharp increase in personnel flow during Spring Festival travel rush, it is expected that the epidemic situation in COVID-19 may rebound to some extent before and after the Spring Festival, and many respiratory diseases will continue to appear alternately or jointly in many parts of the country.

So, what is the toxicity of the new strain JN.1 in COVID-19? Will influenza and COVID-19 cross-infect?

one

The number of people infected with JN.1 strain in China is increasing.

According to the data of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of cases in COVID-19 increased from the end of last year to the beginning of this year.

On January 6th, this year, the number of newly confirmed cases exceeded 10,000 for the first time, reaching 10,684. The number of positive detections in the last week has increased significantly.

At present, the mainstream strain is still EG.5 and its subfamilies, but the number of people infected with the latest JN.1 strain is increasing. As Spring Festival travel rush is coming, the epidemic of the virus may still be variable.

2

The mortality of new strains in COVID-19 is not high.

So, how harmful is the latest JN.1?

According to the global data, the spread of Covid-19 JN.1 is rapid, but the risk has not improved.

JN.1 is a second-generation subfamily of Omicron BA.2.86 mutant, which was first detected in Luxemburg at the end of August last year.

According to the latest data from GISAID, JN.1 began to spread around the world in November last year, and it took only one month to become the global mainstream strain, accounting for 50% of the new cases every day. At present, this proportion has exceeded 70% and spread to at least 59 countries and regions around the world.

The rapid transmission is also reflected in the level of virus activity in wastewater. The higher the value of this indicator, the wider the spread of the virus.

According to the data of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (hereinafter referred to as CDC), the concentration level of Covid-19 in wastewater in the United States was 12.85 in the week of December 30th, reaching the second highest level in history since the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic in the United States.

According to relevant scholars, compared with the previous Covid-19, JN.1 virus has acquired a key new mutation, so its spreading ability is stronger.

Judging from the hospitalization and mortality, the influence of JN.1 did not exceed that of the previous strain.

According to the data of CDC in the United States, in the week of January 6th, there were 35,800 new hospitalized applicants in COVID-19, with an average of about 11 per 100,000 people.

Although the trend has increased, it is not too serious compared with the previous peak. At the beginning of 2022, the number of people applying for hospitalization in the United States due to Covid-19 infection peaked at about 45.5 per 100,000 people, which is 4.4 times of the current level.

Judging from the death situation, the number of people who died of COVID-19 infection in the United States is decreasing.

In the week of January 6th, the number of people who died of Covid-19 infection was 0.3 per 100,000 people. Last year’s peak was 1.2/ 100,000 people, which is also about four times the current level.

If compared with 2020, the gap is bigger, about 26 times as much as the current one.

three

It is unlikely that influenza will merge with COVID-19.

At present, the positive rate of influenza virus detection in China has declined, but among them, the proportion of B-stream is increasing, and the proportion of mixed infection is increasing recently. It may be infected at the same time, or it may be that "A stream is just right and B stream is recruited".

According to the data of China National Influenza Center, in the first week of 2024, the proportion of mixed infection increased to 36%, compared with only 12.4% a month ago.

With the spread of JN.1, will people who have had the flu still be infected with COVID-19?

Judging from the research data, it is possible, but the proportion is not high.

According to a paper published two years ago by scholars from the University of Aix-Marseille, 54 related studies around the world were collected and analyzed, including the data of about 18,000 patients infected with COVID-19.

The results showed that only 0.7% of the patients were co-infected with COVID-19 and influenza, that is to say, only about 140 of the 18,000 patients were co-infected with Covid-19 and influenza virus.

But compared with B-stream, A-stream is more likely to be infected with COVID-19.

The data showed that among 143 patients with concurrent infection, 74% were infected with influenza A, 20% were infected with influenza B, and only one patient was infected with three viruses at the same time, with a low probability. Refined to the age of patients, children are more likely to be infected than adults.

The data shows that the proportion of children with infection is 3.2%, which is about 10 times as much as that of adult patients (0.3%).

four

Complicated with infection or aggravated illness

Although the possibility of concurrent infection is very low, once infected, it may aggravate the condition.

As early as 2021, the national key experiment of virology found that in the experimental mice, co-infection would cause more cells and tissues in the body to be attacked by the virus, which would lead to more serious lung pathological reactions, a large number of cell infiltration and obvious alveolar necrosis [2].

From the comparison of patients’ data, co-infection does lead to more serious symptoms of patients.

According to the paper published by Nanjing Medical University in 2022 [3], compared with patients infected with COVID-19 alone, patients with combined infection are more likely to need a ventilator, and the risk is 2.31 times that of patients infected with alone.

Among them, the risk of using a ventilator with COVID-19 and H1N1 infection is higher, which is 5.04 times that of single infection.

Symptoms mainly focus on respiratory complications, such as acute hypoxic respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart injury and acute kidney injury.

Not only that, patients with infection are also more likely to live in ICU.

Research shows that [3], the risk of patients with co-infection staying in ICU is 2.09 times that of patients with single infection.

According to the paper published in the International Journal of Epidemiology in 2021 [4], in the face of co-infection, the elderly population is more likely to be seriously ill and more likely to cause life-threatening.

For example, among patients aged 50-59, 60% were admitted to ICU after infection, while the proportion of single infection was 24%. In patients aged 80 and above, the proportion of death after infection was 66.7%, which was also higher than that of single infection (46.5%).

However, co-infection may not increase the risk of death. Studies have shown that [3], there is no significant correlation between co-infection status and death.

Including the elderly, children and high-risk groups with basic diseases, it is necessary to pay attention to timely differential diagnosis and take related drugs after symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, so as to alleviate symptoms, shorten the course of disease and reduce the risk of severe illness and hospitalization.

Paper citation:

【1】Dao, T. L., Colson, P., Million, M., & Gautret, P. （2021）. Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Virology Plus, 1（3）, 100036.

【2】Bai, L., Zhao, Y., Dong, J., Liang, S., Guo, M., Liu, X., … & Xu, K. （2021）. Coinfection with influenza A virus enhances SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. Cell research, 31（4）, 395-403.

【3】Cong, B., Deng, S., Wang, X., & Li, Y. （2022）. The role of respiratory co-infection with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus in the clinical severity of COVID-19 patients: A systema tic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Global Health, 12.

【4】Stowe, J., Tessier, E., Zhao, H., Guy, R., Muller-Pebody, B., Zambon, M., … & Lopez Bernal, J. （2021）. Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, and the impact of coinfection on disease severity: a test-negative design. International Journal of Epidemiology, 50（4）, 1124-1133.

Original title: "The National Disease Control Bureau said that the epidemic situation in COVID-19 may rebound around the Spring Festival, and the harm of new strains is detailed."

Read the original text

Poster of the Chinese version of the movie Fireworks

　

Special feature of 1905 film network Summer, swimming pool, bathrobe, fireworks, secret admirer … … All the beautiful things in the world seem to have stayed on that day.

　

On December 1st, an animated film adapted from Shunji Iwai’s work of the same name was opened in the mainland, and it only took 27.9619 million box office in one day. Although it still lags behind the one produced by Dongbao, it is still the best among Japanese animated films released this year compared with "Sword of God".

　

Story | Start with fireworks and end with fireworks.

　

This story begins with a question of teenagers: When viewed from the side, are fireworks round or flat? The two sides with different views argued, and finally they decided to go to the lighthouse at the fireworks meeting that night to find out.

　

Girls with different growth rates always have different worries from boys. Disgusted by her mother’s remarriage and about to transfer to another school, Cai Jinnai lay by the pool with her eyes closed.

　

Come to the swimming pool to be the official on duty. You Jie decided to compete in swimming and asked her to be the referee. Unexpectedly, Dian Dao hurt his foot in the game and lost the game. What he didn’t know was that his unrequited love for Cai Jinnai invited the winner Suksuke to watch the fireworks together in the evening.

　

However, you Jie, who is proud and shy, stood Cai Jinnai up for an agreement with his friends. Disappointed Cai Jinnai admitted that she had made up her mind to invite the winner of the two to watch the fireworks together. It’s just that Cai Jinnai thought Canon would win, and originally wanted to invite Canon. Her elopement plan also fell through in her mother’s obstruction.

　

The Taoist priest who witnessed all this suddenly thought: If he had won at that time, would the outcome be different? So, Canon road back to before the game.

　

This time he won, and Cai Jinnai invited him naturally, and then the boy and the girl embarked on an "elopement" trip with the ultimate goal of watching fireworks.

　

Theme | Why "Fireworks"?

　

Japanese writer Kotaro Isaka wrote in the book: "The primitive carefree feeling brought by fireworks washed away the fatigue and meaningless persistence of people in the place, and made everyone return to the most innocent childhood."

　

Stills of the movie "Golden Dream"

　

Fireworks are of special significance to the Japanese, but for young boys and girls, it is definitely the most important event at that age to meet with the people you like to watch fireworks together. At the moment when the fireworks are lit, time is like solidification. You can only see the dazzling fireworks overhead, and you can only think about the person around you at this moment.

　

Animated version of "Fireworks" Cai Jinnai and Diandao watch fireworks together.

　

Jinnai, a Chinese dish in the animated version, achieved something that was never done in the live-action version: watching fireworks with Canon Road. Then she said, "It doesn’t matter whether the fireworks are round or flat, as long as they are with Dian Daojun." Although the two versions have their own treatment on whether they watched the fireworks together, doesn’t this sentence in the animated version echo the "wherever you like" said by Cai Jinnai, who chose not to watch the fireworks in the live-action version?

　

The live-action version of "Fireworks" dish Jinnai doesn’t care about watching fireworks, just wants to be with Canon Road.

　

As Cai Jinnai said, whether the fireworks are round or flat is no longer important, nor is it important to watch the fireworks, because the fireworks themselves are just a cover. Through this cover, the teenagers frankly shouted out the names of the people they secretly loved, and the ignorant teenagers and precocious girls finally reached a spiritual interweaving and resonance.

　

You Jie, who has a crush on you, feels depressed after seeing Diandao "escape" with the girl, and expresses his feelings to the sky. The infected boys shout out the names of the people they like.

　

Creation | Shunji Iwai and the Tragic Aesthetics in Fireworks

　

The animated version of Fireworks is directed by animation director Akiyuki Shinbo (Story Series, Lion in March) and directed by Hitoshi Ohne (), and is based on Shunji Iwai’s original work.

　

The film can be said to be the ultimate work of Shunji Iwai’s tragic aesthetic view.

　

If you were to talk about the style of Shunji Iwai’s works, how would you describe it? Beautiful, pure, cruel and sad … … Then these are summed up in Japanese traditional aesthetics, which is probably "the beauty of mourning." Shunji Iwai’s aesthetic feeling of mourning for things first appeared in the TV short film Fireworks, and it was continued in the animated version.

　

The film has always been Shunji Iwai’s gentle and delicate.

See food jin nai was taken away, Canon heart very regret.

　

A slow motion used to depict the inner emotional changes of boys,

The silhouette of teenagers reflects Cai Jinnai’s concern for canon.

　

The profile shows that the girl secretly observes the reflection and silhouette of the boy in the water.

　

The train bound for the seaside gives a sense of unreality.

　

Explain the scene change, render the empty shot of the atmosphere,

　

Canon peeks at food, Jinnai.

　

The close-up of the subtle expressions of the protagonists, these shooting techniques together constitute the inner world of the protagonists, which also depicts the youthful and ignorant love between boys and girls.

　

Canon changed the past four times, creating parallel time and space.

　

In the story, Akiyuki Shinbo expanded the two endings in Shunji Iwai’s original work, which were divided into "winning or losing the swimming competition", and the regretful hero changed the past four times. The director painted the textured pictures and the strange shapes of fireworks with pencils, so that the audience and the hero and heroine in the story can know that their world is not the real world, but the parallel time and space created by boys.

　

Parallel worlds, like fireworks, will eventually turn into nothingness after a short period of beauty. In reality, Canon Road and Caijinnai have never had such an intersection, and will soon separate the two places, but their hearts will be filled with such a common memory.

　

Fireworks will fade away, youth will grow old, and when everything is gone, only the memory of you by my side will last forever.

Today, many old operators want to switch to more favorable packages, but they can’t. Today, Wen Ku, Director of the Information and Communication Development Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, responded that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has interviewed the three major operators on this matter, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology requires enterprises to take measures. Unless otherwise agreed in the contract between the two parties, users should not be restricted in their tariff options..

The three major operators have indicated that they will strictly implement the relevant regulations issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and properly handle the problem of restricting the choice of packages by old users. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will pay close attention to the progress of this situation and effectively protect the rights and interests of users.

Recently, many netizens revealed on social platforms that China Unicom will open the old package to self-service package, which can be freely upgraded to Internet packages such as Tencent Dawang Card and Ant Bao Card. China Unicom responded to the reporter of national business daily that Unicom’s existing online and physical channel business processing system has no business processing entrance related to Internet packages, which means that old users have not been supported to switch to Internet packages at will.

However, judging from the reaction of some netizens, some Unicom business halls have taken the lead in supporting old users to freely transfer to Internet packages, but they need to go to the business hall in person. I believe that online self-service should not be far away from us.

The following is the full text of Wen Ku, Director of the Information and Communication Development Department:

China national radio reporter:

Recently, many users have reported that they hope to get access to the Internet package from an economical point of view, because the Internet package can automatically upgrade old users to more favorable new packages, but on the contrary, the operator’s traffic package can’t do this, and automatic product iteration can’t be carried out. Is there any further policy to promote ordinary people to enjoy more new benefits, or is it possible to introduce some policies that allow users to switch between the operator’s package and the Internet package independently?

Wen Ku:

Thanks for asking. We have also noticed the problem you have just reflected in our work, and we have also seen many users report this problem to us. After receiving these feedback from users, we immediately interviewed three enterprises and asked them to take measures to limit users’ tariff options unless otherwise agreed in the contract between the two parties. Here we put forward clear requirements for the three enterprises:

First, enterprises are required to strictly follow the document No.630 issued by the former Ministry in 2006, which is a notice on guaranteeing the option of mobile phone users’ tariff plans, and there is a notice document behind it, which is a notice on the implementation of market-adjusted tariffs for telecommunications services. These two documents have a clear description of this issue. We hope that the three enterprises will strictly follow this document, and will not introduce schemes that restrict old users’ choice of tariffs, and require enterprises to sort out the existing tariff schemes, and rectify them immediately if there is any behavior that restricts users’ choice of tariffs.

Second, enterprises are required to properly handle user-related complaints, and actively communicate and solve the package change requirements put forward by users. For some packages launched in cooperation with third-party Internet companies, enterprises say that they need system transformation, and at present, old users can not directly handle them online. We require basic telecommunications enterprises to provide convenience for users and handle the package change related procedures for users through manual processing.

Third, enterprises are required to make it clear that there is a timetable for the transformation plan of the Internet-related package system, which should be announced to the public in time to realize direct online handling for old users as soon as possible.

After our interview and communication, the three basic telecommunications companies all indicated that they would strictly implement the relevant regulations we have issued and properly handle the problem of restricting the choice of packages for old users. We will pay close attention to the progress of this situation in the future to effectively protect the rights and interests of users.

Thank you.

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