Chen Yuan: Building a Science and Technology Chain Network Model with China Characteristics Based on the Deep Integration of Science and Technology and Capital.

Source: China Financial Journal.
Original title: China Finance | Chen Yuan: Technology and Capital
Source: China Financial Journal.
Author | Chen Yuan’ Chairman of the Standing Committee of China Financial Forty Forum’
The world today is facing a great change that has never happened in a century, and international competition is increasingly reflected in the competition of scientific and technological strength. After the founding of New China, China’s scientific and technological development level has achieved a historic leap, and some areas have even reached the advanced level in the world. However, there is still a big gap from developed countries as a whole, and the problem of "sticking the neck" in key areas is more prominent. The history since the industrial revolution shows that finance is an important supporting force for the development of science and technology and a catalyst for the transformation of technological progress into real productive forces. At present, China’s financial system has insufficient support for the development of science and technology, lacking both a long-term and stable source of creditor’s rights funds and a mature equity financing market to support enterprise innovation. To further enhance the financial support for science and technology, we must improve our understanding of the relationship between science and technology and capital and promote their effective combination.
Evolution and development of the relationship between science and technology and capital
Science and technology and capital were originally two independent concepts with different origins and stages. Science and technology reach a certain stage to produce capital, and capital is born with scientific and technological content. The relationship between them has gone through a long historical stage from separation to integration. Before modern times, the development of science and technology was almost the result of isolated and individual research and development work of scientists, and it was not directly supported by social wealth in the form of capital. After the first industrial revolution, mankind entered the "age of steam", and scientific research achievements were put into industrial application more quickly by capital, which served for capital appreciation. At the same time, capital provided a material basis for the development of science and technology, and science and technology and capital began to gradually merge and promote each other. After the second industrial revolution, mankind entered the "electrical age", and capital gradually realized the great role of science and technology, and shaped the path of scientific and technological development according to its will, which was reflected in the capital’s control over science and technology. Since the two world wars in the last century, the progress of science and technology has been greatly accelerated, and a new situation has emerged in which the government actively supports the development of science and technology. During this period, the capital promotes the development of science and technology mainly in the government-led mode represented by DARPA (the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the US Department of Defense, which is responsible for researching and developing high-tech for military use-editor’s note) and the enterprise-led mode represented by Bell Laboratories.
Examining the evolution of the relationship between science and technology and capital, we can see that there is a close coupling relationship between them. Credit and capital are not only the key forces to promote scientific and technological innovation achievements from laboratory to industry, but also to promote the progress of human history. They have also evolved and given birth to new forms in the process of serving science and technology. The decline of Bell Laboratories with AT&T’s disintegration shows the limitations of the combination of enterprise capital and technology, and also proves that the concept of "capital takes precedence over technology" in the United States is wrong, but this does not mean the failure of the new economic development model. On the contrary, it promotes the combination of technology and capital into a new stage and forms a higher form of mutual conditions and deep integration-technology capital. This stage can fully develop science and technology, guide the whole society to eliminate all blind spots in science and technology, make the respect for science and technology and laws the highest standard for the whole society to transcend economic interests, solve the fundamental problem of capital, promote the long-term, universal and socialized capital, and open up new roads and ways for economic and social development.
Science and Technology Credit and Science and Technology Capital
Science and technology credit
Credit in the traditional financial field is a category related to commodity economy, and it is a social relationship that starts from lending behavior. Science and technology credit is a special kind of credit, which originates from the social consensus generated by people’s trust in scientific knowledge. This rational power makes people have confidence in science and technology itself, and then turn science and technology into achievements with practical value, and eventually become a social force with credit core functions such as resource allocation. From this point of view, science and technology credit is a kind of generalized credit and a part of social credit, which not only represents the trust and confidence at the macro social level, but also has various financing functions at the micro financial level. The characteristics of high risk, high investment and long cycle in the field of science and technology, as well as the practice of capital supporting the development of science and technology in western developed countries, show that the financing function contained in science and technology credit should be mainly equity financing.
Science and technology capital
Science and technology capital is the product of the combination of science and technology credit and capital, and it is a capital form that invests in scientific research based on science and technology credit and expects to realize value-added. This process is manifested in scientific and technological credit and capital transaction, capital supports scientific research, obtains scientific research results, and the results turn into income and increase capital. Although the combination with science and technology has not changed the profit-seeking nature of capital, it has made capital have stronger systematic development ability by improving the content of science and technology, and focusing on the operation of high-tech fields has become the main feature that science and technology capital is different from low-level capital. Science and technology credit and science and technology capital are specialized components of national scientific research capacity. Science and technology credit can allocate science and technology capital, which can gather scientific research capacity and capital at key points, break through the bottleneck of science and technology, form and extend the scientific research and development chain and industrial chain, and promote the benign development of economy and society.
Science and technology capital embodies the organic composition and new development form of capital.
From the perspective of science and technology, the development of organic composition of capital can be divided into six stages: capital without organic composition, such as land capital and other forms without scientific and technological content; Capital with science and technology as external guidance and industry and industrial output as content; Taking science and technology as the primary form of the primary driving force for enterprise development; The stage with the technology market as the object and the capital market operation as the characteristic but not fully developed; The stage of combining science and technology with capital supported by national or social capital; From basic research and development to various applications, it can be supported by national or social capital and has not yet appeared. In this form, capital is fully scientific and technological, filling every corner of human society, forming fully rational technology and fully rational capital, which must and can only be supported by the community of human destiny.
Deep integration of technology and capital
Based on the deep integration of science and technology and capital, we can build a science and technology chain network model with China characteristics.
The structure of scientific and technological innovation system: chain, chain network and three-dimensional chain network structure
Innovation chain of science and technology involves the concepts of nodes, elements and links. Node refers to a specific stage in the operation of scientific and technological innovation system, and its operation is carried out by a certain subject. Elements refer to all kinds of tangible and intangible resources that constitute and support the operation of nodes, including capital, talents, organizations, culture, policies and so on. Link is the connection between nodes, elements and nodes. The essence of chain is the main body and elements in the scientific and technological innovation system, which is the connection established through links driven by the self-organization and adaptability of complex systems. There are three types of chain: process-based chain, including scientific research chain, industrial chain and market chain, in which the core of scientific research chain is to verify the principle, the goal of industrial chain is to open up technical routes to realize products, and the goal of market chain is to sell products to realize cash flow; Factor-based chain, including financing chain, financial chain, etc., in which financing chain is a process of allocating different forms of funds to different nodes, and financial chain is supported by capital, which promotes the consolidation and perfection of financing chain, with creditor’s rights as the main part in the initial stage and equity as the main part in the advanced stage; Value-based chains include value chains measured by capital gains and value chains measured by non-capital gains (such as the spiritual needs of researchers).
The real world is not a simple linear superposition relationship, but a universal and complex nonlinear relationship, so the chain network structure will be derived from the chain. Two-dimensional chain network is a plane structure composed of nodes, elements, chains and their combinations. From a macro point of view, the typical case of two-dimensional chain network is the inter-industry input-output table proposed by Leontieff, and the matrix relationship between departments (that is, industrial chain) listed in the table is a typical chain network structure. From the micro perspective, each specific scientific research project and R&D product has its own chain structure, which links different industries, professions, regions and enterprises to form a chain network.
The internal reason for the development of the chain network structure from two-dimensional to three-dimensional lies in the self-organization of the scientific and technological innovation system as a complex system. Under the catalysis of key elements, the chain network structure began to develop three-dimensionally and deeply. Based on the definition of two-dimensional chain network, it can be considered that three-dimensional chain network is a three-dimensional system with complex system characteristics formed by two-dimensional chain network under the catalysis of value. The significance of introducing three-dimensional chain network is to analyze the internal motivation of the system to form a framework in a self-organizing way driven by key elements, and to analyze the operating mechanism and explore ways to optimize the system on this basis.
Take Figure 1 as an example, the life service industry has low capital content, low technology content and high social value; The "big science and technology" industry represented by integrated circuits has high capital content, scientific and technological content and social value.
Problems existing in the scientific and technological innovation system
From the perspective of three-dimensional chain network, the strength of key nodes in China’s scientific and technological innovation is still weak, which is highlighted by the relative weakness of basic scientific research, the obvious problem of "sticking neck" in key technical fields and the weak independent innovation ability of enterprises. The nodes and chains are divided, and the scientific and technological strength is self-contained, scattered and repetitive, and the overall operation efficiency is not high. The allocation mode of scientific and technological resources needs to be optimized.
The reasons for these problems lie in several pairs of contradictions. One is the contradiction between short-term and long-term. Driven by profit-seeking, capital often pursues short-term excess profits, which conflicts with the need for large and long-term stable capital support for technological innovation. The second is the contradiction between supply and demand. The traditional capital supply is limited, and the financing mode focusing on national key projects has some problems, such as limited capital, low efficiency, excessive projects, lack of scientific planning, rent-seeking power of project approval and so on. The third is the contradiction between the part and the whole. The outstanding performance is that enterprises adjust their business strategies to achieve short-term profits, which makes individuals profit but the whole industry is damaged, and the large profits in the downstream application stage cannot be passed on to the upstream R&D link, and the value chain fails to form circular compensation.
To solve the contradiction, we need to find an element that reflects the will of society as a whole and has strong strength to drive the whole chain network, so that it can constantly strengthen the strength of nodes, open up all links and develop healthily in the direction of maximizing the overall interests of the country under the self-organization function. This element is national credit. National credit can effectively improve the cognitive level of science and technology from all walks of life through top-level planning, promote the close combination of scientific cognition and capital, quickly penetrate the barriers of various industries in the whole society, reorganize resources, build a self-developed capital market, and closely combine short-term interests with medium-and long-term interests, thus becoming a new important driving force for scientific and technological progress.
Tentative idea of promoting scientific and technological innovation with the financing mode of national credit chain network
Science and technology chain network is a new type of national innovation system, which relies on national credit and science and technology credit, organically combines the two forces of government and market, injects national credit into the whole process of science and technology research and development, and makes scattered, weak and blind short scientific research chains become scientific and reasonable, covering the whole situation and dynamically adjusting long scientific research chains, attracting, decomposing and extending long-term innovative basic elements such as capital, talents and policies to every research and development node of the science and technology chain network. Realize the organic integration of science and technology chain, credit chain and capital chain, eliminate information asymmetry, disperse the risk of investment in science and technology research and development, help solve major bottlenecks and problems in science and technology development, and form a scientific and technological ecological network with win-win cooperation among government, enterprises, scientific research institutions and financial intermediaries.
The upstream R&D section of science and technology chain network should realize the transformation from financial allocation to equity financing, and equity funds should be allocated to platforms and leading enterprises. The goal is to establish the structure of science and technology chain network, and ensure that the tasks on the nodes are clear, and talents, technology, scientific research ability and capital can gather at the nodes. Sources of equity funds include state equity, such as issuing equity securities with national credit; It also includes corporate equity, and the sources include the following aspects: First, large-scale market platform enterprises and venture capital enterprises become shareholders; Second, the company’s own income is converted into equity, mainly leading enterprises; Third, banks and other financial institutions contribute to form funds and form equity capital injection; In addition, we can also consider the source of static equity in dynamic capital flow, such as establishing a large floating deposit pool to finance static equity demand. The downstream market segment of science and technology chain network is dominated by credit capital or short-term high-yield funds. The main goal is to ensure that the upstream layout can realize the final product, complete the transformation from technology to income, and feed back the upstream to achieve a virtuous circle of capital.
Six stages of scientific and technological capital in the development of chain network structure. First, the organic chain network structure takes chain as the main body and capital as the service means. Second, the chain gradually develops and interweaves into a network structure, and the capital chain grows accordingly. Third, the development process of the first chain and then the network promotes each other, and the capital chain network begins to form, which is still dominated by the science and technology chain network. Fourth, capital extends with the development of chain network, and finally forms a capital chain network with science and technology chain network as the core. With the improvement of the service level of capital for social development, capital began to serve science and technology spontaneously and actively. Fifth, the capital chain network finally forms a complete capital chain network system derived from the science and technology chain network, and the chain network is transformed into a technology-oriented capital, and the organic composition of capital reaches the highest level, which can actively promote new scientific and technological innovation. Sixth, under the organic composition of the top-level capital, science and technology capital plays an active role, consciously integrates with science and technology and serves social interests. The generation and development of science and technology chain network is reflected in the healthy growth of scientific and technological achievements in the soil of science and technology capital.
The operating mechanism of the financing mode of science and technology chain network can be summarized as the "twenty-cross" law. "Top-level planning": by paying attention to different key points in an orderly manner at the top, the key points of various disciplines are scanned out, and top experts and scholars are organized to formulate scientific and technological development plans. "Credit injection": injecting national credit into major scientific research projects and subjects determined by the state, and giving all-round policy support such as finance, taxation, finance, talents, intellectual property rights and law. "Layer-by-layer decomposition": relying on the laws of science and technology, adopting the methods of spontaneous participation from bottom to top and competitive selection from top to bottom, the next R&D node is decomposed through the decision of experts at the next level, and the national credit is decomposed accordingly, finally forming a complete science and technology chain network structure. "Capital service": Capital forms a capital chain network along the science and technology chain network. With the support of national credit, science and technology credit and node credit, according to the financing needs of nodes, it gives corresponding capital support and actively serves the development of science and technology. At the same time, the high income of the downstream market segment feeds back the low income of the upstream R&D segment to realize the safe and sustainable development of the capital itself. "Science and technology ecology": Science and technology is the skeleton and the driving force in the chain network structure; Capital is a muscle and a supporting force; Credit is blood and vitality; The perfect combination of science and technology chain, capital chain and credit chain has formed a complete science and technology ecology.
The difference between the financing mode of science and technology chain network and the existing financing mode of science and technology. First, the motivation is different. The old model dominated by capital takes profit as the ultimate goal, while the chain network structure originates from science and technology, takes science and technology as the core framework, and guides the direction of capital with scientific and technological rationality. The priority of science and technology is greater than that of capital. At the same time, the national credit allocated through the chain network structure can form financing advantages, and replace the advantages of the old model with qualitative advantages. Second, the role is different. In terms of the total amount, the existing model is short of funds, and the chain network model can form a large amount of scientific and technological capital through national credit mobilization. From the perspective of coverage, the existing model relies on enterprise credit to form a chain spontaneously, with incomplete coverage and insufficient capacity, and the chain network model can fully cover it.
Conditions and challenges of implementing the financing mode of science and technology chain network. First, the conditions for implementing the national credit chain network financing model. On the ideological level, the leadership and social organizations at all levels should realize that science and technology is not a matter for a few people, but is related to everyone’s interests. On the material level, it is necessary to establish and improve the social security system as soon as possible, so that people can support science and technology with adequate food and clothing, and on this basis, scientific and technological personnel can enjoy the highest standard of social security. At the organizational level, it is necessary to establish a lifelong education system for basic science and technology, as well as a wide-ranging software and hardware education system covering basic laboratories and tool laboratories. Second, the challenge of implementing the national credit chain network financing model. First, the source of funds. The new model needs the support of long-term and stable equity securities tools based on national credit. Second, the issue of ideological understanding, science and technology and capital do not fully understand each other, and the existing concepts restrict their deep integration, so it is necessary to have a correct understanding of the integration of science and technology and capital ideologically. ■
[The author would like to thank the experts of the evaluation team for their valuable comments and useful supplements. The list of experts in the judging panel is as follows (sorted by surname strokes): Wang Xiangsui Kong Dan Ye Tianchun Xu Shanda Li Jiping Yang Hongwei Xiao Gang Wu Guosheng Wu Ling Qiu Xusheng Shen Wenjing Zhang Guoqing Zhang Mingxi Zhang Xiaohui Yibi Yi Zheng Minzheng Feng Songlin Gao Jian Huang Haizhou Cao Li Cao Jianlin Dong Save Jiang Lincheng Zeng Lining Xie Ping Concise Pan Jiaofeng Xue Qiang Mu Rongping]
Article | China Finance, No.23, 2020
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Learning History and Taking the Initiative —— Writing the Answer Sheet of Winter Olympics with the First Good Standard

  Original title: Learn from history and take the initiative to take responsibility-writing the winter Olympics answer sheet with the first good standard

  In 85 days, the flame of Beijing Winter Olympics will be lit!

  In Beijing, which has entered the Games-time system, the construction and renovation of venues have been completed, the "Meet Beijing" test activity is under way, and the epidemic prevention during the Games-time is being integrated with the epidemic prevention in the city … The whole city is making every effort to promote the preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics, writing the "green, shared, open and clean" winter Olympics answer sheet with the first-class standard, with the hard work of taking the initiative, taking details as the king, and keeping up with China.

  Dare to be the first to overcome difficulties.

  After the snow in Chu Qing, the National Stadium "Bird’s Nest" at the northern end of the central axis shines brightly. This stadium, which witnessed an unparalleled summer Olympic Games 13 years ago, has been rebuilt. More than 80 days later, the flame of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games will be lit here, and the "Double Olympics Pavilion" will once again become the focus of the world.

  The city of double Olympics is the only one in the world. "Water-ice conversion" and "ice-ice conversion" … One challenge after another without precedent is before us, and party member is at the forefront of the team to overcome difficulties.

  "The renovation of the’ Bird’s Nest’ involves 37 projects, with tight time and heavy tasks." Xiang Jun, secretary of the Party Committee of the National Stadium Co., Ltd. said that since the beginning of the project, the company has rapidly deployed elite soldiers and strong generals with party member as the backbone to overcome difficulties.

  "Yanqing Division has the most challenging track and the most complex venues, and the site selection, construction and organization are unprecedented." Zhang Suzhi, secretary of the Party branch of Yanqing Operation Center of Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee, said. In the site selection stage, party member cadres braved the cold of MINUS 30 degrees and brought their own dry food to climb and explore Xiaohaituo Mountain for hundreds of times for more than 40 days. In the study and education of Party history, the Party branch held a big discussion on topics such as "What to demonstrate in alpine demonstration venues" and "Skills are king". party member worked hard from the discussion, honed their style of work, took the initiative to take responsibility and went all out.

  Behind the perfect conversion of water and ice in the Water Cube is hard work. During the testing activities, Li Yunfeng, an engineer, and party member in the team rushed to the front line, working 17 hours a day, and making do with the night in the unit before they could go home. Everyone gritted their teeth and insisted, "This is the exemplary role of party member." Li Yunfeng said.

  Four Summer Olympic competition venues have been rebuilt, ski jumping platforms have been set up in the industrial heritage, the first ice surface made of carbon dioxide has been born in the history of the Olympic Games in the Capital Gymnasium, the "ice ribbon" has become the first intelligent Olympic venue, and the National Aquatics Center has become the only Olympic venue in the world where water and ice can be converted. Many high-tech applications such as artificial intelligence, 5G, Internet of Things and new broadcasting technologies have been applied in the competition venues, and the utilization plan has been throughout the venue construction since the games …

  The concept of "green, shared, open and clean" is in line with the reform concept of the Olympic Games, contributing to the "China Plan" for the world and being praised by the International Olympic Committee as "a new benchmark for the Olympic Games".

  Details are king, but it’s not too late.

  Holding a test match is not only a "prescribed action" in the preparatory work, but also the most direct and effective test of a city’s ability to host the Olympic Games. "Attention to detail is king, and it doesn’t take too long" has become the work requirement for the preparation and guarantee of the competition.

  Each party branch is established at the forefront of testing activities, pooling everyone’s strength and doing a good job in testing support.

  A temporary party Committee was set up in Beijing Winter Olympic Village to coordinate the prevention and control of epidemic situation and the operation of venues; Yanqing District has set up six temporary party branches to ensure the winter Olympics, making every effort to do a good job in ensuring the test competition; The National Swimming Center also established the "Ice Cube Youth Commando" with party member Pioneer as the main body …

  Since mid-September, the Operation Support Command of Chaoyang District of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games has started the dispatching mechanism. After the official kick-off, the offices under the headquarters and 12 groups "scheduled early and held regular meetings late" every day.

  Problem-oriented, details are king. How to stay in the hotel more quickly and conveniently, and how to avoid the intersection of "inside the closed loop" and "outside the closed loop" of garbage removal … The details were sorted out, and the matter was solved quickly. Chaoyang Division Command "1 Office and 12 Groups" has sorted out and summarized 24 problems in epidemic prevention, catering, accommodation, transportation and daily security, and all of them have been solved.

  Shijingshan Shougang Park covers an area of nearly 110,000 square meters, and 652 monitoring points and 495 fire hydrants have to be inspected once every two hours, so the work intensity can be imagined. Li Hongji, the head of security, is an old party member with 21 years’ party experience. He always said, "In the face of difficulties, Communist party member must stand up!" It is because of this responsibility that the team successfully completed the security task again and again.

  In the "Meet Beijing" test activity, each venue performed perfectly and won praise. Ding Jun, director of the large-scale activities department of the Olympic Park Management Committee, attributed it to the strength drawn from the study and education of party history. "The century-old party history inherits the spirit of hard struggle, the quality of courage to take responsibility, the vitality of ideological emancipation, and the courage to be the first. It is these that give us strength and inspire us to prepare for the decisive battle for the Winter Olympics."

  Beautiful background benefits the people

  Let the whole people share the Olympic achievements, which has always been the top priority in the preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics.

  The "Bird’s Nest" is about 100 kilometers northwest, and the most beautiful Winter Olympic City is blooming. Last weekend’s snowfall, the grand scene of "Haituo Albert Venn Dicey" appeared, waiting for the grand event.

  Four ecological corridors with a total area of 100,000 mu, namely Guihe Ecological Recreation Corridor, Guanting Reservoir Ecological Reservoir Waterfront Belt, Beishan Ecological Recreation Sightseeing Belt and Longqingxia Downstream Forest Park, are dotted with six forest and wetland parks with a per capita green area of 39 square meters …

  Ecological priority, resource conservation and environmental friendliness are laying a beautiful China background for the Beijing Winter Olympics.

  At the end of September, 2021, Shijingshan Winter Olympics Park opened, becoming the largest urban park in the west of Beijing. It was not only dotted with cultural relics and historical sites, but also built the first fully enclosed marathon track. "The more green spaces are built at the doorstep, the more beautiful the parks are, like a big garden!" Liu Lei, a citizen, said that the "Winter Olympics Avenue" has also been built on Fushi Road, where he goes to work, and it has become the most pleasant thing to enjoy the scenery while driving.

  Since the preparations for the Winter Olympics, snow on ice has become a new fashion. Yanqing farmers set up a ski team and went into primary and secondary schools to take the children to have fun; The grassy ditch in Shijingshan Gaojing community was transformed into a 5,000-square-meter snow field; Nearly 100 after-school ice and snow clubs have been set up in primary and secondary schools in Chaoyang, with 200,000 students participating in ice and snow sports and learning about the Winter Olympics. After the Beijing Winter Olympics, the "Ice Cube" and "Ice Ribbon" will also become a paradise for citizens to experience ice and snow sports …

  More than 80 days later, during the Spring Festival, the "Double Olympic City" will turn a new page.

  Beijing, presented to the world, is not only a "simple, safe and wonderful" winter Olympics answer sheet, but also a winter Olympics answer sheet to enhance the level of urban development and people’s happy life. The Beijing Winter Olympics will also leave a deep impression and good memories for the whole world.

  Beijing, get ready!

  Together to the future! (Zhu Songmei)

Heavy! "cut interest rates"

The quoted interest rate (LPR) in the loan market ushered in the first downward adjustment in 2024, and the varieties with a term of more than five years dropped by 25 basis points, while the varieties with a term of one year remained unchanged. Industry analysts believe that the downward trend of LPR will further drive down the real loan interest rate and promote the steady decline of social financing costs. Since August 20, 2019, the quoted interest rate (LPR) of the loan market has been quoted and calculated according to the new formation mechanism. According to the historical trend chart of LPR varieties released by China Foreign Exchange Trading Center, 25 basis points is the largest decline of 5-year LPR since August 2019.

According to the news of WeChat WeChat official account "People’s Bank of China" on February 20th, the People’s Bank of China authorized the National Interbank Funding Center to announce that on February 20th, 2024, the loan market quoted interest rate (LPR) was 3.45% for one year and 3.95% for five years or more. The above LPR is valid until the next LPR release.

Previously, on January 22nd, the People’s Bank of China authorized the National Interbank Funding Center to announce that the quoted interest rate (LPR) of the loan market on January 22nd, 2024 was 3.45% for one year and 4.2% for five years or more.

Compared with the LPR published in January, the one-year LPR remained unchanged in February, and the LPR over five years was lowered by 25 basis points.

Historical trend chart of LPR varieties

Double "asymmetric" decline

Previously, on February 18th, the People’s Bank of China launched a 105 billion yuan open market reverse repurchase operation and a 500 billion yuan medium-term lending facility (MLF) operation. The 7-day reverse repurchase rate and the 1-year MLF rate were 1.80% and 2.50% respectively, which remained unchanged from the previous period. Analysts had previously predicted that the LPR would be lowered under the background that the operating interest rate of MLF remained unchanged, and the decline of LPR over five years was greater than that of LPR over one year.

Why is there "asymmetry" between MLF and LPR?

Everbright said that LPR is formed by adding points based on MLF interest rate, and the range of adding points mainly depends on the quotation bank’s own capital cost, market supply and demand, risk premium and other factors.

National business daily, citing the analysis of insiders, thinks that the relationship between LPR and MLF interest rate should be further diluted in the future. Compared with MLF interest rate, whether the financing cost of real economic entities can be reduced is more important for economic growth, and the actual indication of LPR in this respect is stronger.

"LPR has become the main reference benchmark for loan interest rate pricing." Ming Ming, chief economist of CITIC Securities, said that LPR is formed by quotations from 20 commercial banks, and there are open rules for the selection of quotation banks, the quotation time and the final published calculation method, which are quoted once a month on the 20th. When quoting, quotation banks will adjust their quotations according to their own capital costs, market supply and demand, risk premium and other factors. The market generally believes that LPR, as the benchmark of bank loan pricing, is directly related to the changes of financing costs and financial expenditures of enterprises and residents, and business entities pay more attention to LPR and reflect it more sensitively. The downward trend of LPR will also help to further reduce the actual loan interest rate and promote the steady decline of social financing costs.

At the same time, whether LPR can decline depends on whether the bank’s capital cost can go down, and the deposit cost is an important factor affecting the bank’s capital cost. Major banks have cut deposit interest rates four times since 2022, which will further open up the space for LPR to go down and banks to make profits.

Everbright fixed income also said that in recent days, the bank’s capital cost has fallen by a large margin, which will help promote the downward trend of LPR. On the one hand, in September and December last year, major banks actively lowered the deposit interest rate according to their own business needs and market supply and demand. On the other hand, since January 25th this year, the interest rates of refinancing and rediscounting for supporting agriculture and supporting small enterprises have been lowered by 0.25% respectively, and the deposit reserve ratio of financial institutions has been lowered by 0.5% since February 5th this year. On the other hand, the cost of issuing active debt instruments of banks has also dropped significantly. On February 9th, the interest rates of 1Y AAA CD and 5Y commercial bank bonds were lower than those of 33bp and 30bp at the end of November last year, respectively.

Everbright Finance pointed out that in retrospect, the MLF-LPR linkage mechanism does not mean that the two need to be adjusted equally. MLF "stays put" and LPR is lowered separately. In September 2019, December 2021 and May 2022, the MLF interest rate remained unchanged for three times, while the LPR spread was lowered. Among them, in September 2019 and December 2021, the 1Y-LPR was lowered by 5bp alone, and in May 2022, the 5Y-LPR was lowered by 15bp alone.

Observing the commonness of the above three LPR quotation adjustments, it is found that the liquidity environment is relatively loose during the period, and there are "wide currency" operations such as RRR reduction in the month or in the early stage, which pushes down the capital cost of the bank’s debt side, thus providing operational space for LPR downward adjustment. This time, the MLF maintained a "price level", mainly considering the RMB exchange rate constraint.

Dongfang Jincheng also pointed out that the MLF operating interest rate continued to "stay put" in February, which may be related to factors such as the RRR cut in the month and the expected downward adjustment of LPR quotation. In addition, in November and December, 2023, major domestic banks lowered the deposit interest rate, which helped to push down the LPR quotation and replaced the MLF interest rate reduction to some extent.

Another "asymmetry" is the 1-year and 5-year LPR. The last asymmetric decline of LPR was in August 2023. At that time, the one-year period declined, while the five-year period remained unchanged.

Compared with the data in September 2019, before this downward adjustment, the 5-year LPR was only lowered by 65 basis points, which was lower than the cumulative decline of 75 basis points in the 1-year LPR, so there is room for unilateral downward adjustment in the 5-year period.

China securities journal believes that another reason is that asymmetric interest rate cuts may be more in line with the demands of stable real estate and stable economy. "LPR over five years is the pricing benchmark of individual housing loans. The decline of LPR over five years will further reduce the interest expenses of residential mortgages and promote the stable development of the real estate market." Dong Ximiao, chief researcher of Zhaolian, said.

When will the mortgage drop?

According to national business daily, according to the requirements of the relevant announcement issued by the central bank, financial institutions should negotiate with customers of floating interest rate loans from March 1, 2020, and choose one of two interest rate pricing methods: fixed interest rate or floating interest rate, that is, LPR+ plus points (the points can be negative). Under normal circumstances, a fixed interest rate is chosen, and the annual repayment rate remains unchanged until all loans are paid off; However, if the floating interest rate is selected, the mortgage interest rate will be priced by LPR as the pricing benchmark+basis point (1 basis point is 0.01%).

It should be noted that after the LPR adjustment, the user’s mortgage interest rate is not adjusted immediately. Generally speaking, the repricing date of mortgage interest rate is January 1st of each year or the loan issuing date (different banks have different policies, so users can choose when signing loan agreements). Therefore, for the existing mortgage, the new interest rate will be obtained according to the latest LPR quoted interest rate and the basis point agreed in the contract on the interest rate repricing date, and will be implemented in the next cycle.

Source | Observer Network

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Notice of the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on doing a good job in financial services for epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development

Notice of the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on doing a good job in financial services for epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development

Yinfa [2022] No.92

At the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the People’s Bank of China, together with relevant departments, timely issued the Notice on Further Strengthening Financial Support for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia in novel coronavirus (Yinfa [2020] No.29), proposing 30 measures such as monetary credit and financial services, which provided strong support for the prevention and control of the epidemic and the recovery and development of the real economy. At present, affected by the epidemic situation and domestic and foreign factors, China’s economic development faces triple pressures of demand contraction, supply shock and expected weakening. In order to further improve the financial support for epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

First, give full play to the dual functions of monetary policy in aggregate and structure, and increase financial support for industries, enterprises and people affected by the epidemic.

(1) Maintain a reasonable and sufficient liquidity. Through open market operations, standing loan facilities, refinancing, rediscounting and other monetary policy tools, we will provide sufficient liquidity, guide financial institutions to expand loan lending, and enhance the stability of total credit growth. Give full play to the reform efficiency of quotation interest rate in the loan market, promote the steady decline of comprehensive financing costs of enterprises, and promote financial institutions to make reasonable profits to the real economy. Branches of the People’s Bank of China may appropriately increase the tolerance of deposit reserve assessment for financial institutions substantially affected by the epidemic.

(two) to provide differentiated financial services for industries that are greatly affected by the epidemic. Make good use of small-scale re-loans to support agriculture and rediscount policy, increase the amount of small-scale re-loans to support agriculture in a timely manner, and guide local corporate financial institutions to increase their support for contact service industries such as accommodation, catering, wholesale and retail, cultural tourism and other promising industries that are temporarily affected by the epidemic.

Strengthen information sharing with the competent departments of commerce, cultural tourism, transportation and other industries, organize various forms of government-bank-enterprise docking activities, help banks improve their customer acquisition, risk assessment and control capabilities, and develop chattel mortgage and credit loan products according to the characteristics of enterprises.

(3) Increase financial support for trapped market entities such as small and micro enterprises. Give full play to the role of universal micro-credit support tools. From January 1, 2022 to the end of June, 2023, we will provide incentive funds according to 1% of the increase in the balance of universal micro-credit loans of local corporate financial institutions, and encourage financial institutions to stabilize the stock of universal micro-credit loans and expand the increase. Incorporate the Pratt & Whitney Small enterprise credit loans Support Program into the management of small-scale re-lending for supporting agriculture. Since 2022, the re-lending amount of 400 billion yuan originally used to support Pratt & Whitney small-scale credit loans will continue to be used in a rolling way, and it can be further increased if necessary, so as to guide financial institutions to increase the proportion of credit loans and first-time borrowers.

Financial institutions should promote the model of active credit granting and loan repayment, so as to better meet the needs of small and micro enterprises. It is necessary to refine the requirements of internal fund transfer pricing, bad tolerance, due diligence and exemption, performance appraisal, optimize the allocation of credit resources, strengthen the empowerment of financial technology, and accelerate the improvement of financial service capabilities of small and micro enterprises. According to the principle of marketization, we should actively support trapped enterprises to resist the impact of the epidemic by providing medium and long-term loans, lowering interest rates, extending or renewing loans, and not blindly limit loans, draw loans or cut off loans. It is necessary to actively connect the credit information of enterprises in different fields such as finance, government affairs, public utilities and commerce related to the credit information platform, alleviate the information asymmetry between banks and enterprises, and improve financing efficiency.

(4) Improve the quality and efficiency of financial services for key areas and people in distress. Financial institutions should improve the financial supply level in areas seriously affected by the epidemic by adjusting regional financing policies, internal fund transfer pricing, and implementing differentiated performance appraisal methods.

For those who are hospitalized or isolated due to infection in COVID-19, those who need isolated observers for epidemic prevention and control, and those who have temporarily lost their sources of income due to the epidemic, financial institutions should optimize their credit policies in time, distinguish between repayment ability and repayment willingness, and distinguish between short-term repayment ability and medium-and long-term repayment ability affected by the epidemic, and flexibly adjust their repayment plans by reasonably delaying repayment time, extending loan term and delaying repayment of principal. For taxi drivers, online shop owners, truck drivers and other flexible employment subjects, financial institutions can increase their business loan support according to individual industrial and commercial households and small and micro enterprise owners.

(5) Providing convenient financial market services. Financial market infrastructure should further optimize the issuance, trading, clearing, settlement and other services, provide a variety of service channels, adjust some business development methods, and strengthen service guarantee. China Association of Inter-bank Market Dealers and Inter-bank Market Clearing House Co., Ltd. should make use of the "green channel" established in the early stage to simplify business processes, moderately relax the requirements of information disclosure standards and increase support for bond issuing enterprises that are greatly affected by the epidemic.

(6) Ensuring the smooth flow of basic financial services. Strengthen cash management to ensure cash supply and cash safety and hygiene. Ensure the smooth operation of payment and clearing, liberalize the business limit of micropayment system as needed, extend the operation time of large-value payment system and central bank accounting data centralized system, and increase the guarantee of electronic payment services.

When necessary, financial institutions should handle the business of approving loans for enterprises by working in the nearest outlets and holding video conferences. It is necessary to effectively protect the rights and interests related to public credit investigation, and continue to implement the relevant provisions that overdue loans can be submitted without overdue records. Smooth online consultation and complaint handling channels for financial consumers.

It is necessary to establish a cooperative working mechanism of finance-taxation-treasury-bank, ensure the smooth channels of fund remittance, and ensure the timely disbursement of funds for epidemic prevention and control. The state treasury at all levels should implement the policy of value-added tax deduction and tax refund to help enterprises bail out. Smooth the channels for the disbursement and refund of tax refund funds, effectively ensure that tax refund funds reach market participants in a timely, accurate and safe manner, and promote market participants to enjoy policy dividends as soon as possible.

Second, give play to the role of finance in smoothing the circulation of the national economy, and do a good job in supporting the real economy policy by finance.

(seven) to do a good job in food security and financial guarantee for the production and marketing of important agricultural products. Make good use of the tools of refinancing and rediscounting to support agriculture, increase the amount of refinancing in a timely manner, and guide local corporate financial institutions to increase their support for agriculture-related entities. Differentiated credit support measures will be formulated around the whole industrial chain such as spring ploughing, grain circulation, storage and processing. Give play to the role of policy banks and ensure the supply of credit funds for central grain reserves in a timely manner. Encourage financial institutions to participate in grain market acquisition and actively meet the financial needs of acquisition and processing. Financial institutions should increase credit for the production, purchase, sale and processing of important agricultural products such as soybeans and oilseeds, and strengthen financial support for tackling key agricultural core technologies such as seed sources.

(eight) do a good job in financial services for the supply of energy such as coal. Optimize and support the special refinancing for clean and efficient use of coal, reasonably meet the needs of coal safety production and construction, power generation enterprises to buy coal, coal reserves and other fields, and ensure the stable supply of energy such as electricity and coal. Grasp the implementation of carbon emission reduction support tools, increase support for the transformation and upgrading of large-scale wind power photovoltaic bases and surrounding coal-fired power, and support the economic transformation to green and low carbon while ensuring the safety of energy supply.

(9) Increase financial support for the smooth circulation of logistics and shipping. Financial institutions should actively follow up and effectively meet the financing needs of transportation enterprises. Open up a "green channel" for transportation logistics enterprises that undertake epidemic prevention and emergency transportation tasks, optimize the credit approval process, and provide flexible and convenient financial services. For transport logistics enterprises and truck drivers who have temporary difficulties in repaying loans due to the epidemic, support financial institutions to scientifically and reasonably extend and renew loans. It is necessary to make good use of civil aviation emergency loans and other tools, and take measures to increase credit support for airlines and airports.

(ten) to strengthen the financial support of the core enterprises in the industrial chain supply chain. The establishment of scientific and technological innovation re-loans, to provide re-loan support for qualified scientific and technological innovation loans, and to guide financial institutions to increase their support for scientific and technological development and technological transformation of enterprises. Establish a credit and bond financing docking mechanism to guide financial institutions to quickly respond to the financing needs of the core of the industrial chain and supporting enterprises. Standardize the development of supply chain finance business, play the role of financial instruments such as supply chain bills and accounts receivable financing service platform, and support the financing of supply chain enterprises.

(eleven) increase financial support for effective investment. Development and policy banks should increase financial support for key investment projects in combination with their own business scope. Financial institutions should take the initiative to connect with major projects, increase support for projects that benefit people’s livelihood, short-board projects, fifth-generation mobile communication (5G), industrial internet, data centers and other new infrastructure construction in the fields of water conservancy, transportation, pipe network and municipal infrastructure, and promote the start of new projects as soon as possible to realize the physical workload. It is necessary to reasonably purchase local government bonds and support local governments to moderately advance infrastructure investment. Under the premise of controllable risks and compliance with laws and regulations, the reasonable financing needs of financing platform companies should be guaranteed according to the principle of marketization, and loans should not be blindly drawn, pressed or stopped to ensure the smooth implementation of projects under construction. Do a good job in financial support for private investment, government and social capital cooperation. The proportion of new loans from financial institutions to provinces (regions) with slow credit growth should increase steadily.

(twelve) actively support the healthy development of private enterprises. Adhere to the "two unwavering", and treat the state-owned economy and the private economy equally in financial policies such as loans and bond financing policies. Encourage financial institutions to build long-term cooperative relations with private enterprises, set annual service targets for private enterprises, fully meet the reasonable financial needs of the private economy, and further increase the proportion of private enterprise loans newly issued.

Give play to the leading role of the national financing guarantee fund, encourage qualified places to set up special funds or credit guarantee funds for loan risk compensation of private enterprises, and focus on providing credit enhancement services for first loans, reloans and renewals. Improve the financing support mechanism for private enterprise bonds and encourage financial institutions to increase investment in private enterprise bonds.

(13) Improve financial services in the housing sector. It is necessary to adhere to the positioning of "the house is for living, not for speculation", focus on the goal of "stabilizing land prices, housing prices and expectations", implement differentiated housing credit policies according to the city’s policies, and reasonably determine the minimum down payment ratio and minimum loan interest rate requirements for commercial personal housing loans within its jurisdiction, so as to better meet the reasonable housing needs of buyers and promote the stable and healthy development of the local real estate market.

Financial institutions should distinguish project risks from enterprise group risks, increase support for high-quality projects, do not blindly lend, cut off loans, and suppress loans, and do not engage in "one size fits all" to keep real estate development loans stable and orderly. Commercial banks and financial asset management companies should do a good job in financial services for mergers and acquisitions of key real estate enterprise risk disposal projects, carry out M&A loan business in a safe and orderly manner, increase financing support for M&A bonds, and actively provide financial advisory services for mergers and acquisitions.

On the basis of risk control, financial institutions should moderately increase support such as liquidity loans to meet the reasonable financing needs of construction enterprises, and do not blindly lend, cut off loans or pressure loans to maintain the continuous and stable financing of construction enterprises.

(fourteen) to guide the platform enterprises to carry out inclusive finance business in accordance with the law. On the basis of promoting the standardized and healthy development of online financial services of platform enterprises, we will give full play to the positive role of financial services of platform enterprises. Support platform enterprises to use Internet technology, optimize scene-based online financing products, and provide non-contact financial services to platform merchants and consumers. Encourage platform enterprises to give full play to their advantages in customer acquisition, data, risk control and technology, and increase support for the first loan and credit loan in the areas of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Guide platform enterprises to steadily reduce the level of interest and fees, provide deferred debt service for loan customers affected by the epidemic, and maximize the benefits to enterprises and the people. Supervise platform enterprises to standardize business cooperation with financial institutions, empower financial institutions to accelerate digital transformation, and improve the efficiency and coverage of financial services.

(fifteen) to strengthen financial services to key consumer areas and new citizen groups. We will set up special refinancing loans for inclusive pension, provide refinancing support for eligible inclusive pension loans, and increase financial support for inclusive pension institutions. Guide financial institutions to standardize the development of consumer credit products and services, and increase support for medical and health care, old-age care, cultural tourism, new consumption, green consumption, county rural consumption and other fields. Encourage financial institutions to enrich large-scale consumer financial products such as automobiles to meet the demand for reasonable consumption funds.

Financial institutions should make good use of the business guarantee loan policy, enrich the supply of credit products around the entrepreneurial form, income characteristics and capital needs of new citizens, reduce the financing cost of new citizens, and stimulate the entrepreneurial employment vitality of new citizens. Actively innovate financial products and services for new citizens’ consumption, vocational skills training, children’s education, health insurance, old-age security, housing and other fields, and enhance the equality and convenience of basic financial services.

Third, optimize the handling of foreign exchange and cross-border RMB business to promote the steady development of foreign trade exports.

(sixteen) to improve the level of trade facilitation. We will promote the facilitation policy of foreign exchange receipts and payments of high-quality enterprises to the whole country, steadily carry out a pilot project of RMB settlement facilitation of trade and investment at a higher level, and encourage banks to include more high-quality small and medium-sized enterprises in the scope of facilitation policies. Further broaden the settlement channels, support qualified non-bank payment institutions and banks to provide efficient and low-cost cross-border fund settlement services for cross-border electronic commerce, foreign trade integrated services and other market entities related to new trade formats by trading electronic information.

(seventeen) to facilitate enterprises to carry out cross-border financing. Support qualified high-tech and specialized small and medium-sized enterprises to carry out pilot projects of foreign debt facilitation quota. Further facilitate enterprises to borrow foreign debts, and support non-financial enterprises to share a foreign debt account for multiple foreign debts. Support enterprises to apply for foreign debt registration online. Eligible non-financial enterprises in the pilot areas can directly handle foreign exchange registration of foreign debts and other capital projects in banks according to regulations.

Domestic foreign exchange loans with trade and export background are allowed to be used for settlement of foreign exchange, and enterprises should repay them with trade and export proceeds in principle. If an enterprise fails to collect foreign exchange on schedule due to special circumstances and there is no foreign exchange fund to repay domestic foreign exchange loans with trade and export background, the lending bank may go through the formalities of purchasing foreign exchange for the enterprise in accordance with regulations. Financial institutions should actively innovate trade financial products, improve the service level of trade financing, and provide necessary financial support for enterprises’ import and export trade.

(eighteen) improve the exchange rate risk management services of enterprises. Financial institutions should promptly respond to the exchange rate hedging needs of foreign trade enterprises and other market entities, support enterprises to expand cross-border RMB settlement, optimize the management and services of foreign exchange derivatives business, and reduce the cost of hedging. Encourage qualified areas to strengthen cooperation between government, banks and enterprises, explore and improve the cost sharing mechanism of exchange rate hedging, expand the government financing guarantee system to provide enterprises with trade financing and exchange rate hedging business guarantees, and enhance the ability of enterprises to cope with exchange rate fluctuations. China Foreign Exchange Trading Center exempts small and medium-sized enterprises from handling fees related to foreign exchange derivatives transactions in the inter-bank foreign exchange market.

(nineteen) optimize the cross-border business process and services. To further improve the digitalization level of cross-border business, banks can provide cross-border settlement services through online and paperless methods such as reviewing electronic documents. Banks should improve the efficiency of cross-border collection and payment under the current account of enterprises. Encourage banks to enrich RMB investment and financing products and facilitate enterprises to use RMB in foreign economic and trade activities and international cooperation.

(twenty) increase the support of export credit insurance. Give play to the role of export credit insurance in enhancing credit guarantee, guide insurance institutions to provide financial services to small and medium-sized micro-foreign trade enterprises, and further improve the efficiency of insurance claims. Deepen the four-way cooperation between government, insurance, banks and enterprises, provide richer cross-border trade background information and more convenient verification services through the application scenario of "export credit insurance policy financing" of cross-border financial service platform, accurately serve foreign trade enterprises, and expand the scale of policy financing.

(twenty-one) to enhance the convenience of investors’ cross-border investment and financing. Promote unified access standards for inter-bank and exchange bond markets, simplify the market entry process, and improve the fund management of foreign investors investing in the domestic bond market. Optimize the management of funds for issuing bonds (panda bonds) in China by overseas institutions, and domestic affiliated enterprises of panda bond issuers can borrow relevant panda bond funds according to the principle of actual needs. Further facilitate qualified foreign institutional investors (QFII) and RMB qualified foreign institutional investors (RQFII) to handle the registration of domestic securities and futures investment funds.

Fourth, strengthen the party’s leadership and enhance the long-term sustainability of policies and the effect of policy propaganda.

(22) Give full play to the leading role of Party building. The People’s Bank of China, all units in the foreign exchange bureau system and all financial institutions should improve their political stance, unify their thoughts and actions with the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adhere to the principle of putting people first and life first, earnestly regard the overall prevention and control of epidemic situation and economic and social development as a major political task at present, strengthen organizational leadership, implement relevant policies, and do their best to provide financial services.

(23) Strengthen the sustainability of financial support. Financial institutions should adhere to the principles of marketization and rule of law, comprehensively consider factors such as profit, provision and write-off, independently review loans, make independent decisions, take risks at their own risk, and continue to do a good job in financial support. It is necessary to guard against moral hazard, strengthen the monitoring of capital flow and risk, and ensure that enterprises use funds legally and rationally. All units of the People’s Bank of China and the foreign exchange bureau system should solve the pain and difficulty of policy landing, actively respond to the reasonable demands of financial institutions and market entities, and improve the long-term mechanism for policy landing. It is necessary to increase policy propaganda through the media and the Internet to ensure that policies benefit market players in a timely manner.

China People’s Bank State Administration of Foreign Exchange

April 18, 2022

How does generative artificial intelligence change the world? Zhang Yaqin, Russell and Ceng Yi said this.

On March 27th, at the sub-forum of "AIGC (Generative Artificial Intelligence) Changing the World" of the 2024 annual meeting of Boao Forum for Asia, China Academy of Engineering, Professor Tsinghua University, Zhang Yaqin, Dean of Tsinghua University Intelligent Industry Research Institute (AIR), Stuart Russell, author of "Artificial Intelligence: Modern Methods", professor of computer science department of University of California, Berkeley, researcher of Institute of Automation of China Academy of Sciences, expert of United Nations artificial intelligence senior advisory body, and many other experts.

Experts believe that at present, artificial intelligence is still the "fifth kilometer" of the 42-kilometer marathon, and everyone has a chance. The future must be the integration of artificial intelligence and machine intelligence. Of course, the risk is great, so we must face up to the risk. If it is not guided and controlled, this risk will turn into a risk of survival.

Zhang Yaqin: Artificial intelligence is still the "fifth kilometer" of the 42 km marathon.

At the scene of the sub-forum, Zhang Yaqin talked about the relationship between the big model and the generative AI. He thought that one is technology and the other is ability, because with the pre-trained, super-large-scale and self-monitoring big model, the generative AI (artificial intelligence) can have such high energy.

Regarding the trend of the big model, Zhang Yaqin said, firstly, it is multi-modal, and secondly, the big model of artificial intelligence is moving towards autonomous intelligence, which can make goals, plan tasks, make paths, complete schemes and code itself. The third is edge intelligence. Now the big model is mainly in the cloud, and it will go to mobile phones, PCs, robots, cars and so on in the future. "The most important thing is that the whole world is now moving towards the physical world and the biological world. Therefore, generative AI can not only carry out speech recognition, face recognition and image recognition, but also create and generate, not only text, images and videos, but also codes, drugs, mathematical formulas and physical equations. Therefore, generative AI will bring about tremendous technological and paradigm changes."

However, Zhang Yaqin believes that there are some risks in the change. "Of course, I am an optimist. I think human beings have two kinds of wisdom, one is the wisdom of inventing new technologies, and the other is the wisdom of guiding the development of technologies. Therefore, we can manage while developing, but we must think of governance while innovating and developing."

In view of the future development of AI, Zhang Yaqin believes that elements, computing power, algorithms, data and talents are all important, but in the long run, talents are the most important.

Zhang Yaqin believes that at present, artificial intelligence is still the "fifth kilometer" of the 42km marathon, and everyone has a chance. The future must be the integration of artificial intelligence and machine intelligence. Of course, the risk is great, so we must face up to the risk. If it is not guided and controlled, this risk will turn into a risk of survival.

Stuart Russell: Learning AI system is the direction of efforts.

In the sub-forum, Stuart Russell put forward his views on the development path of AI and the competition and cooperation between China and the United States.

Stuart Russell said that the next generation of GPT5, people may find that its training materials are ten times as much as before, but it also means the end of data, and there is no more data in the universe. At this time, if there is no real universal intelligence, human beings must look for different directions. "I don’t think synthetic data can change this problem, because synthetic data is not a real number, and it will not make the system more capable."

What are the possible new directions? Stuart Russell mentioned that by combining probability theory with programming language, we can use expression language to learn new concepts. So far, this technology has not been developed like the big language model, and more human intervention is needed to create a structural model. "Let AI system learn and produce products like human beings. At the same time, human beings can understand its internal operating mechanism, which is the direction of our efforts."

When talking about the concurrence of AI between China and the United States, Stuart Russell said that competition is benign and the statement of zero-sum game is very wrong. If AI is safe and can benefit human beings, even more powerful than human beings, many people will benefit from it. From this perspective, competition is meaningless. The core issue is how human beings can coexist with technology safely.

Ceng Yi: Super intelligent artificial intelligence should be super altruistic.

In the sub-forum, Ceng Yi talked about the future development direction of AI and his views on AI competition between China and the United States. Ceng Yi said that the current AI seems to be close to the so-called AIGC, but in fact there is no relationship between the two.

Ceng Yi believes that what we must do is to bring the real artificial intelligence to the world and serve the world, and at the same time, to study the possible risks. "Artificial intelligence evolves very fast, and the speed of human learning from history and nature is too slow. If human beings don’t reflect, it is not artificial intelligence but human beings who bring catastrophic risks to human beings, because human beings have not learned how to get along with ecology in the evolution of hundreds of millions of years. When there is intelligence with a higher level of intelligence than human beings in the ecology, that is the greatest risk for human beings."

However, Ceng Yi is still optimistic about the future. He believes that the artificial intelligence of super intelligence should be super altruistic, but the question is whether the artificial intelligence constructed by human beings is super altruistic now, and whether human beings can embed the law of nature evolution into artificial intelligence, so that it can become an extension of natural evolution and pay attention to other life, instead of bringing disastrous consequences to other life and the world. This is the direction that artificial intelligence technology research and future human evolution need to evolve together.

In view of the competition of AI between China and the United States, Ceng Yi believes that neither the United States nor China can really lead the future artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is a basic and enabling technology, and the world is big enough for China, the United States and more countries to find opportunities in building infrastructure and applications. The more critical question is how the whole world can unite to construct safer, more reliable and more credible artificial intelligence for human prosperity, which is the goal of more unity in the world.

Beijing News Shell Finance reporter Pan Yichun

Editor Yue Caizhou

Proofread Sissi

Wang Yi talks about the current situation in South China Sea.

  CCTV News:According to the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, during his visit to Singapore and Malaysia, Member the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and Foreign Minister Wang Yi exchanged views with the politicians of the two countries on the current situation in the South China Sea and clarified China’s position.

  Wang Yi said that over the years, with the joint efforts of China and ASEAN, the situation in the South China Sea has achieved overall stability and provided a good environment for their respective development. Some forces, such as the United States, are afraid that the South China Sea will not be chaotic and continue to make waves in this sea area. Recently, the Ren’ai Reef dispute has been used to stir up trouble between China and the Philippines, encouraging confrontation and undermining peace and tranquility in the South China Sea, so as to serve the geopolitical strategy of the United States itself. China hopes that regional countries will keep necessary vigilance against those behind the scenes and take the leading role in maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea into their own hands. China has repeatedly stated that it is willing to settle its differences with the Philippines through bilateral dialogue. Greece and the Philippines abide by the consensus reached in the past, cherish the mutual trust accumulated in the improvement of bilateral relations, move in line with China as soon as possible, and seek effective ways to control the maritime situation.

  Wang Yi emphasized that China is willing to work with ASEAN countries to accelerate the consultation on the "Code of Conduct in the South China Sea" and strive to reach effective and substantial regional rules in line with international law including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea at an early date. We believe that China and ASEAN countries are fully capable and wise to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea and build our common home.

The "video analysis room" library has gravity | the most commonly used tactics of warriors

This season, the Warriors’ style of play is very distinct, with less individual singles and more passing balls to penetrate the defense, which perfectly explains team basketball. Warriors average per game so far this season.28.1Assists, ranking second in the league (Spurs average per game28.2Time).

The cooperation of the warriors makes his game more enjoyable. Curry, a historical three-point shooter, is even more horrible under Cole’s passing system. Because of the gravity of Ku, Cole asked him to play more without the ball, and Ku’s threat without the ball was greater than his threat with the ball. When he is running without the ball, the defender should not only go after the defensive garage, but also pay attention to the pick-and-roll that appears at any time.

Curry’s tireless running without the ball has created more opportunities for his teammates, and many passes and rolls have made this Warriors even more difficult to defend. Let’s take a look at how the Warriors’ common tactic uses the gravity of the library.

Let’s start with a real shot. In the last five minutes of last Sunday’s game against Jazz, with Mitchell’s three-pointer, the score between the two teams came.106-106Ping.

At this time, Iguodala and Curry conveyed the tactics of the next attack to the team. Wiggins, OttoPorter and Rooney got the message and began to fall into position.

Iguodala holds the ball at the top of the arc, Wiggins and Curry fall on both sides, Otto.Porter lowered the preparation position to put a pick-and-roll for Curry, and Rooney lowered the position to cover a three-point chance for the pitcher. At this time, Curry wound the baseline from the left with the help of Otto.Porter’s cover came to the right.

OttoPotter immediately came to the other side, and Curry continued to run to the right with the cover of Wiggins.45Degree, give jazz an illusion that warriors will make Curry shoot three points.

In this game, Curry’s three-pointer has been11middlefive, feel hot, so at this time to defend the rolls royce in the library.O ‘Neill and Bo Yang, who defended Wiggins, both chose to pounce on Kuli, who was ready to catch the ball, to prevent him from making a three-pointer. This is Kuli’s gravity.

After both of them were saved, Wiggins, who covered Curry, was left unattended in the inside. Brother Zui scored the ball one step ahead of Gaubert, who made up the defense, and caused a foul.2+1. This attack has greatly affected the trend of this game.

If Gaubert’s defense is in place this round, the Warriors’ tactic has another extension, because the left sideOtto-Potter has set up the gun rack behind Rooney’s cover.Otto Porter’s three-point shooting percentage this season is as high as.39.9% is also a bottle of poison for jazz.

Let’s take a look at this attack.

Friends who often watch the Warriors’ games should be familiar with this tactic, which is generally completed by Green, Wiggins and Curry for three reasons: Green’s powerful ability to dominate the ball, Curry’s threatening three-pointer and Wiggins’ strong ability to finish at the basket.

More careful friends may find that this tactic is generally launched on the right side, and there are two main reasons:1.Because the right side of Curry45Degree (39.7%)’ s three-point hit rate is higher than the left side.45Degree (39.5%) slightly higher;2.Wiggins can use the strong right hand to finish the end.

Let’s take a look at several attacks by Warriors against Grizzlies in the regular season.

It was an attack at the beginning of the third quarter, with Rooney, Poole and Curry on the left and Wiggins on the right.45Degree, green at the top of the arc ready to "deal".

Curry continued to run around the baseline to the right without the ball, and Rooney was ready to pick and roll for Poole on the left. Poole did a very good job here. He didn’t initiate the pick-and-roll when Curry ran from the left to the right, but initiated the pick-and-roll with Rooney at the same time when Curry was about to start the pick-and-roll with Wiggins. The simultaneous pick-and-roll on both sides would give Green more passing options.

Curry came to the right and used Wiggins to pick and roll.

Because the Grizzlies were afraid of Curry’s three points, they pounced on Curry and missed Wiggins, who caught the ball and hit the layup easily.

Let’s take a look at this attack.

The game came to the end.fourminute25Seconds, two teams9191Draw.

This attack is still held by Green’s arc top, and Curry at the bottom line uses Damian.Lee’s cover ran to the right. DamienLi finished covering and went straight to the left.45Run, open the court space.

ToscanoAnderson continued to cover Curry.

Because of the gravity of the library, the Grizzlies once again attacked the library and missed Anderson. Morant reacted quickly enough in this round and appeared in front of Anderson in time to complete the defense, but on the other side of Damian.Li was unguarded, and the latter easily ate cakes at the basket to complete the score.

finally2minuteforty-fourSeconds, warrior93-96Three points behind the grizzlies.

Warriors used this tactic again, on both sides.45Degree of pick-and-roll at the same time. There is no doubt that the pick-and-roll on Curry’s side is the focus of Grizzlies’ defense, so Damian should have been defended.Li’s Morant chose to let go of the former, staring at the right pick-and-roll, ready to make up the defense inside. Green has been watching the pick-and-roll on Curry’s side, waiting for the best time to get the ball, but after Iguodala hung up the cover, Green found that the opportunity was not good and he could not complete the attack.

So Green immediately looked back to find the other side, and Morant, who began to stand inside, also reacted and prepared to chase Damian outside the three-point line.Lee, at the same time, Bain is also moving towards Damian.Lee jumped on it, and Wiggins got a chance to make a layup inside. The defensive mistake that caused the Grizzlies this time was that they didn’t communicate in time. Morant had a chance to block Wiggins’ cut, but he chose to chase Damian.Lee, Wiggins was emptied.

But let’s imagine that if Morant appears on Wiggins’ offensive route this round, Green will certainly pass the ball in to let Wiggins play big and small, because with Wiggins’ athletic ability and height advantage, he can easily complete this big and small fight. Wiggins got a chance of dislocation in the elbow area, which made a big fight and a small fight. This tactic was also successful.

Let’s look at this attack.

We can see from the Grizzlies’ defenses that Jenkins gave a clear explanation to the team, preferring to let Curry’s teammates finish the end, and not let Curry shoot three points easily. This is the attraction of gravity, which allows teammates to get more opportunities.

What I said earlier is that the defender chose to attack and defend three points, which led to the situation that the inside line was missed. Of course, there must be cases where the cover man blocks the defender and creates a good three-point open space for the pitcher.

For example, in this game in which the Warriors reversed the Cavaliers, OttoPorter gave Curry a solid cover this time, Otto.Porter’s defender didn’t choose to prevent it, and Curry’s defender was beaten by Otto.Porter blocked it, and Curry had a good chance to open a three-pointer. After receiving the ball, Curry took a knife and hit a three-pointer. This is a very simple cover, so I won’t go into details.

Look at this attack

Conclusion:

This tactic seems simple. It seems that only three people are involved in the attack. In fact, the cover on the other side is also very important. The cover on the other side gives the attack different choices.

Careful friends may find that when warriors use this tactic, both sides of the cover are always carried out at the same time, and the opportunity on one side is not formed, and the ball holder at the top of the arc will immediately look for the opportunity on the other side. This kind of cover is generally based on the lack of communication between defenders, and there is a situation in which two people defend one at the same time, resulting in the other being emptied.

You can use tactics in actual combat and make an appointment with your friends to play the Warriors. At the same time, everyone will face the cover when playing games or wild balls in the future, so we must communicate with our teammates more. When your defender goes up to pick and roll, be sure to remind his teammates whether to block left or right, and whether to change defense or not.

(Ji He is not as good as)

Reporting/feedback

Zhongshan Volvo XC90 new energy price reduction information, the lowest price 708,900! Limited time special offer

[Autohome Zhongshan Discount Promotion Channel] brings you the latest good news. At present, the high-profile models are having a grand promotion in Zhongshan area. This luxury new energy SUV is not only unique in the market with its excellent performance and environmental protection concept, but now it has launched a discount range of up to 186,000. The minimum starting price has been adjusted to 708,900, which undoubtedly provides consumers with great car purchase benefits. If you are interested in Volvo XC90 new energy, don’t miss this once-in-a-lifetime car purchase opportunity. Click "Chatty Car Price" in the quotation form immediately to seize this rare discount and make your car purchase dream more accessible.

中山沃尔沃XC90新能源降价信息,最低售价70.89万!限时特惠

The Volvo XC90 New Energy is designed with elegance and modernity as the concept, showing a unique appearance charm. The front face is designed to be exquisite and powerful, and the iconic Quake LED headlight set gives the vehicle a high degree of recognition. The air intake grille adopts a family-style vertical stripe design, which echoes the body lines, creating an atmospheric and stable temperament. The overall style blends luxury and environmental protection concepts, showing the futuristic sense of new energy models, while not losing the classic DNA of the Volvo brand.

中山沃尔沃XC90新能源降价信息,最低售价70.89万!限时特惠

[Car Series Introduction]: Volvo XC90 New Energy presents a solid and elegant side profile with its slender body ratio, length, width and height of 4953mm*1958mm*1772mm, and wheelbase of 2984mm. In terms of tire specifications, it is equipped with 275/45 R20 tires, with the same specifications as the rear wheels, providing good grip and driving stability for the vehicle. As for the wheel style, XC90 New Energy inherits the design language of the Volvo family, and the exquisite wheel design further enhances the visual impact of the vehicle.

中山沃尔沃XC90新能源降价信息,最低售价70.89万!限时特惠

The interior design of the Volvo XC90 New Energy is both luxurious and technological, and is built with exquisite Swedish craftsmanship. In the spacious cockpit, the steering wheel is made of genuine leather, providing a good grip, and supports manual up and down + front and rear adjustment to meet the needs of different drivers. The 9-inch central control screen not only displays clearly, but also integrates multimedia systems, navigation and phone functions, supports automatic speech recognition, and is easy and intelligent to operate.

In terms of seats, XC90 New Energy pays attention to passenger comfort. It is made of fabric and leather materials, and provides front seat heating, ventilation and massage functions. The driver and passenger seats also have power seat memory functions. The front seats support 4-way adjustment, including backrest, high and low, leg rest and waist support. The passenger seat also has a similar adjustment function. The second row of seats can be adjusted back and forth, and is equipped with backrest adjustment to provide passengers with a comfortable ride experience. The rear seats support proportional reclining for easy space expansion to meet family and travel needs. The overall interior design is both practical and quality-oriented, which fully reflects Volvo’s attention to detail and emphasis on the passenger experience.

中山沃尔沃XC90新能源降价信息,最低售价70.89万!限时特惠

The Volvo XC90 New Energy is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 228 kW, providing a strong power output for the vehicle. The maximum torque of this engine is 400 Nm, and it is combined with an 8-speed automatic transmission to ensure a smooth driving experience and efficient energy conversion. As an L4 engine with 310 horsepower, it also pays attention to fuel economy and environmental performance while meeting driving needs.

Summarizing the experience of the car owner, he praised the exterior design of the Volvo XC90 New Energy, especially the striking Thor hammer headlights and Viking axe elements. He believes that these details make the front face design of the vehicle stand out. He said that this is in line with his own aesthetic and age. Overall, he gave high praise to the body line and design style of the XC90 New Energy.

Yunnan Diqing: A New Member of Yunnan Golden Monkey Family

  

  Ding, a new member of the "Erji" family of Xiangguqing Yunnan Golden Monkey Exhibition Group in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, has been added. Lai Jiandong

  Diqing, People’s Daily Online, August 24th (Zeng Zhihui) On the morning of August 20th, a lovely baby Yunnan golden monkey was born, and the number of family members of the group increased to seven.

  It is reported that this baby monkey is the 12th baby monkey born this year in Xiangguqing Yunnan Golden Monkey Exhibition Group in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan. Its birth broke the latest birth time of Yunnan golden monkey on record (the record was updated from June 8 to August 20). The staff of the reserve said that this may be related to the food security and nutritional status of the monkeys, and it also proved that the protection method is scientific and effective.

  

  Ding, a new member of the "Erji" family of Xiangguqing Yunnan Golden Monkey Exhibition Group in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, has been added. Lai Jiandong

  Diqing, People’s Daily Online, August 24th (Zeng Zhihui) On the morning of August 20th, a lovely baby Yunnan golden monkey was born, and the number of family members of the group increased to seven.

  It is reported that this baby monkey is the 12th baby monkey born this year in Xiangguqing Yunnan Golden Monkey Exhibition Group in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan. Its birth broke the latest birth time of Yunnan golden monkey on record (the record was updated from June 8 to August 20). The staff of the reserve said that this may be related to the food security and nutritional status of the monkeys, and it also proved that the protection method is scientific and effective.

  

  Ding, a new member of the "Erji" family of Xiangguqing Yunnan Golden Monkey Exhibition Group in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, has been added. Lai Jiandong

  Diqing, People’s Daily Online, August 24th (Zeng Zhihui) On the morning of August 20th, a lovely baby Yunnan golden monkey was born, and the number of family members of the group increased to seven.

  It is reported that this baby monkey is the 12th baby monkey born this year in Xiangguqing Yunnan Golden Monkey Exhibition Group in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan. Its birth broke the latest birth time of Yunnan golden monkey on record (the record was updated from June 8 to August 20). The staff of the reserve said that this may be related to the food security and nutritional status of the monkeys, and it also proved that the protection method is scientific and effective.

  

  Ding, a new member of the "Erji" family of Xiangguqing Yunnan Golden Monkey Exhibition Group in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, has been added. Lai Jiandong

  Diqing, People’s Daily Online, August 24th (Zeng Zhihui) On the morning of August 20th, a lovely baby Yunnan golden monkey was born, and the number of family members of the group increased to seven.

  It is reported that this baby monkey is the 12th baby monkey born this year in Xiangguqing Yunnan Golden Monkey Exhibition Group in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan. Its birth broke the latest birth time of Yunnan golden monkey on record (the record was updated from June 8 to August 20). The staff of the reserve said that this may be related to the food security and nutritional status of the monkeys, and it also proved that the protection method is scientific and effective.

True me GT7 Pro racing edition pushes realme UI 6 15.0.0.620 update, adding many functions.

My GT7 Pro racing version of the mobile phone has been upgraded and pushed by realme UI 6 15.0.0.620, adding functions such as charging one-button Boost mode, sound splitting, floating window transparency adjustment, etc. At the same time, AI features such as Xiaobu assistant ordering takeout and buying movie tickets have also been adapted.

[Play more freely]

The new version adds a charging one-button Boost mode, which further breaks through the intelligent speed charging temperature control and brings a more extreme charging experience.

[Voice is more spontaneous]

A new sound splitting function is added to support the adjustment of the volume of human voice and background sound in music.

"Practical function is more worry-free"

The floating window transparency adjustment function is added to reduce the shielding of the bottom interface. Added support for dragging cards of the same size together on the desktop, and the cards will be stacked and displayed. Added to Xiaobu Suggestion and Fluid Cloud, showing the fulfillment services of JD.COM Takeaway and Taobao Flash Purchase, which is convenient for obtaining information. Added video and live photo editing capabilities, supporting the export of video as live photos and live photos as high-list maps. The new total recall supports automatic grouping by contact; Recording supports custom grouping, which is convenient for managing recording files. Add the mini-floating window switching function, click the menu at the top of the floating window or double-click the mini window to quickly switch between the floating window and the full-screen application. The automatic locking ability of the state of the buoy on the side of the floating window is added, and the process will not be abnormally cleared after being accepted as a buoy. New support for multi-screen touch, one application full screen display, one application free floating window display, dual applications can be operated at the same time, more efficient. After the new mobile phone is projected to the car screen through CarLife, the projection resolution can be adjusted on both the mobile phone and the car screen. When adding a mobile phone to the car screen, it supports turning off the screen refresh rate, so that the mobile phone can restore a high refresh rate and use it more smoothly; Support to adjust different screen frame rates, support Gaussian blur effect, and enhance visual experience.

[Smart AI upgrade again]

The newly added small cloth assistant supports ordering take-out when you are hungry, which is more convenient. The new cloth assistant supports the purchase of the same milk tea and coffee displayed on the screen. For example, say to Xiao Bu’s assistant, "Order the same cup of coffee on the screen". Add a voice to wake up Xiao Bu and let Xiao Bu help you order a historical takeaway. For example, say to Xiao Bu, "Help me order a takeaway from the last order" (currently, only Meituan, Meituan takeaway and hungry takeaway that have been ordered within one month are supported). Taobao Film movie tickets can be purchased through Xiao Bu’s assistant. Wake up Xiao Bu’s assistant to say the search words related to movies, and you can display the information of movie times on Taobao Film, which makes it easier to buy movie tickets. Add a small cloth screen word selection mode. After clicking, you can perform word segmentation and word selection on the text on the screen, which is convenient for selection and copying, and the operation is more convenient. Add a question and answer button on the home page of Xiaobu Memory Application. The question and answer content supports collection, long press copy and other operations. When the article reading function using small cloth screen is added, more timbres can be selected, and the reading effect is more natural. Optimize the typesetting format after the text is extracted from the small cloth screen. Optimize the effect of small cloth screen to extract pictures, and support the extraction of original pictures. Optimize the deep thinking function and intelligent reply logic of Xiaobu assistant, and reply more quickly. Optimize the existing translation function of the translation App, access the translation ability of AI big model, make the text translation more authentic, make simultaneous interpretation smoother and support recording. Optimize the small cloth screen recognition trigger gesture, only support two-finger pressing to trigger screen recognition, and support the application of custom opening trigger, effectively reducing false touch.

"More useful functions"

Adding calendars supports deleting schedules in batches. Added realme Sans and true font selection in more languages. Add the function of ringing gradually. When the alarm clock rings, the sound will gradually increase from low to high. Add minor mode and desktop icon, which can help minors to use their mobile phones healthily after opening. Added support to hide contact numbers in the interface of incoming calls and call records, reducing the risk of privacy leakage. Add more commonly used applications to support automatic filling in the login page by using the password book. When the password book is added to fill the account password, you can choose the account password of other applications to fill it automatically, thus improving the experience. The structure of the call setting page is optimized, and the function arrangement is more intuitive. Optimize the incoming call interception rules, and select more interception thresholds for tag number types (such as harassing calls, advertising sales, etc.) for easy setting. Optimize the recording grouping function, and add general grouping. The recordings in standard, conference and interview modes will be automatically grouped into general grouping. Optimize the alarm clock ringing and fluid cloud card display logic in the incoming call scene to improve the call experience. Optimize the display position inconsistency of mini floating windows in some scenes. Optimize the mobile position range of the mini floating window, support dragging the mini floating window to the bottom of the screen, and improve the experience.

[game]

Fix the failure of the auxiliary function of the new version of the original God.

[safety]

Update Android security patch until July 2025 to improve system security. It should be noted that in order to ensure the stability of the system, it usually takes 2 to 3 weeks for the realme mobile phone system version to be released in grayscale and pushed in full, and users who have not received the update need to wait.

The true GT7 Pro racing version of the mobile phone was released in February this year, equipped with Snapdragon 8 Extreme Edition processor, equipped with LPDDR5X memory+UFS 4.1 flash memory; Built-in 6500mAh Titan battery supports 120W fast charging. The machine is equipped with a 6.78-inch 1.5K e-sports dome screen (peak brightness of 6000nit+global brightness of 1600 nit), which supports eye protection in the whole scene and instantaneous touch sampling rate of 2600Hz, and adopts the design of equal-depth four-curve screen. The machine is also equipped with "bypass charging" technology, claiming that the power supply bypasses the battery and directly supplies power to the game, reducing the heat of the equipment and making the frame rate more stable. True GT7 Pro racing edition supports IP68&IP69 full waterproof, pre-installed realmeUI 6.0 system, and provides functions such as watermark master, realme mutual transmission, brand-new fluid cloud, LivePhoto and so on.

Disclaimer: The content of this article is automatically generated by an open intelligent model for reference only.