Special feature of 1905 film network From the extension of the Spring Festival to the re-release, just as the movie poster wrote, I pursued my "comeback against the wind" with the attitude of "not being optimistic".

It’s not easy to make sports movies, and it’s even harder to make them well.moreoverChina Ping PongWhat I want to tell is the story of China’s competitive sports "Ace Teacher" and the world table tennis overlord. Follow the characters to "cross" back to the moment of preparing for the World Table Tennis Championships 30 years ago, starringTimmy Xu、Duan Bowen、Cai Yida、guansen dingIn an exclusive interview with the 1905 film network, I admitted that, like most viewers, I couldn’t imagine where to start writing, which was enough to match the glory of China men’s table tennis.

Cai Yida, Timmy Xu, Duan Bowen, Ding Guansen (from left to right)

In the end, the "Five Tigers" met in the trough before the Jedi counterattack: failure, regret, injury and doubt … … Competitive sports has never been an overnight success. Why can China table tennis become the "strongest king"? They gave the answer with the 1995 World Table Tennis Championships.

Before becoming the "big devil"

The average age of the "Five Tigers" in "China Table Tennis Fight Back" was less than 30 years old when shooting, among which Dong Shuai was even "After 05". Compared with the training in ball skills, it is more important for them to find their own fulcrum close to the role from the real events and prototype characters of the year more quickly and accurately.

At that time, the Five Tigers were a special group of "representatives" of China men’s table tennis. They were not only the strongest players in the whole system, but also the hope and "undertaker" of China table tennis. The five men are different in age and style of play, each with its own characteristics, but the ultimate goal is only one: to help the men’s team play a "turnaround battle" in the shortest time before the World Table Tennis Championships.

It was the most difficult period of table tennis in China. On the one hand, compared with the fast-moving European rivals and the "old rivals" in Asia, our talents had a certain "broken file"; On the other hand, the targeted research on China in tactics by countries all over the world has also made our traditional dominant "first three boards" technology gradually lose its leading position.

The backwardness in concept, experience and training means has made China men’s table tennis fail many times. It was at this time that the "Five Tigers" were assembled by the new coaching staff from all echelons.

Duan Bowen, who plays Huang Zhao, is unanimously recognized as the most similar prototype in China Ping Pong. In order to achieve this effect, he needs to gain 30 pounds while doing a lot of exercise. However, being fat is more than just pursuing superficial "looking like". In the director’s view, this weight has become the "soul" of this role to some extent.

Duan Bowen revealed that Wang Tao played raw rubber backhand, and this time his practice in the film was mainly based on fast break of raw rubber backhand. Nowadays, this technology is not used much in the field, but Wang Tao fought against opponents from all over the world with backhand raw rubber. It is precisely because of "fat" that he has a strong enough core strength to support his own play, and the speed of backhand has become the main "killer" of Huang Zhao in the film.

The similarity between Duan Bowen and the prototype has been recognized by one of the "Five Tigers" and Ma Wenge, the technical director of China Table Tennis. Having really experienced the "lowest period" of China men’s table tennis, the former champion was particularly excited to see this story put on the big screen.

It is an unforgettable and valuable experience for Timmy Xu, who plays this character, to have a prototype directed by the crew at close range.

Before the film was released, his "face-changing" makeup was once on the hot search list, and "I can’t recognize Timmy Xu" became the feeling mentioned by the most viewers. Pull out eyebrows and apply black powder … … However, compared with making an issue of "face", Timmy Xu wants to be closer to the characters from the point of view.

"The change of appearance is only the most basic. The athletes at that time were actually in a different mood from the young people today. I was more (thinking) about feeling their spirit at that time. "

Seeing the "1995 World Table Tennis Championships" again on the set, Ma Wenge, as the technical director, felt that several actors really had the "Five Tigers" status and momentum, and he seemed to recall the feeling of winning every ball in that year. This is the most emotional game: there is excitement in front of the people in my hometown, tension in the face of the final "life and death", and pressure to fight a turnaround for many years.

However, for the actors who experienced this historical moment for the first time and the audience who saw the past behind the Wesling Cup through the lens for the first time, the "Jedi counterattack" presented in China Table Tennis has far exceeded the victory itself.

Looking at this "dream team" that dominates the world, we always have the confidence that "China table tennis will not lose". But at that time, it was more like an endless road and a group of "underdogs" in front of the "Five Tiger Generals". No one knows whether the result of hard work is to win or fail again, so before becoming the "big devil", be an invincible "Xiaoqiang".

It’s never "can’t lose", but it’s not afraid to lose or admit defeat. "If others have practiced for 1000 times, we will practice for 10,000 times", which is the China table tennis spirit that people are most proud of.

Today’s "Ma Long",is the answer of China table tennis for 30 years.

"How far are you from the world champion of the real national team?" During the filming of Ping Pong in China, Ding Guansen, who played the role of Liu Guoliang as the director of his youth in the film, chatted with the members of the second national team who assisted in the filming.

"In my heart, they are already one in a million," Ding Guansen recalled, "but he said,’ Guansen, I tell you, I play with Malone, and you play with Malone, and the result is the same. "Can only score by Malone’s mistakes.

When hearing this sentence, Ding Guansen admitted that he and several other teammates "stood up": "I really realized how cruel competitive sports are. And why can China table tennis be so powerful? Because there have been layers of people trying to go up. "

Ma Wenge, the technical director, including Ding Song and Kong Linghui in the "Five Tigers", once recognized the technical movements of several young people after watching them hit the ball: "The curve and speed of the ball are really real, and the playing posture can’t be exactly the same, but it’s not easy to achieve this level in a short time."

However, during the interview, several young actors "denied" their training achievements for more than 8 months in unison: Do you want to imitate any "killer" in front of the camera?

What I have learned in these months is just the fur in the fur.Through actual combat and training, they actually felt the "China table tennis" inside story, and they also had a completely different understanding of competitive sports and China sports "dream team".

"Director Deng Chao often says that this is not a story about success, but this film is about how to face failure." At the beginning of receiving the project invitation, Timmy Xu, like the vast majority of the audience, could not imagine where the glory of China table tennis should be most convincing.

The special "trough period" 30 years ago became the most suitable entrance.Every word is brilliant, but every word is brilliant: "Only this turnaround in 1995 laid a good foundation for the decades after (China table tennis)." Kong Linghui, who was still a "young player" in the team, said this after learning the story of China Ping-Pong.

Up to now, China has won the Wesling Cup 22 times. In the last 10 World Table Tennis Championships, the China table tennis men’s team has never let this honor fall by.

"Why is table tennis in China prosperous now? It is because so many predecessors were sweating and bleeding at that time, casting our last Great Wall. This history is worth being understood by more people (through this film), and they are the only ones who have table tennis in China now." Ding Guansen regrets.

Competitive sports has never been a smooth sailing "cool article". "When you choose to be an athlete, you choose the most difficult road."

"China Table Tennis" is a complete core of China sports "Dream Team" with its hard work on the field and cruelty outside the field. Now, the success of "Malone" is the most satisfactory answer to China’s ping-pong spirit.

emergency food（emergence food，EF）It refers to a kind of food used to maintain human survival in emergencies such as disasters, wars and crashes. Common emergency foods mainly include earthquake relief emergency foods, military emergency foods, civil emergency foods and M9 outdoor emergency foods. Due to the late start of research and development,There is still a certain gap between China’s emergency food and developed countries such as the United States and Japan in processing and packaging, nutritional characteristics, food safety and other key technologies.

At present, the problems caused by the insufficient development of emergency food have initially appeared. First of all, during or after natural disasters, food in disaster areas and other affected areas may be contaminated by microorganisms and chemicals, and some food-borne diseases, including hepatitis A, typhoid fever and a series of intestinal diseases, such as cholera and dysentery, are prone to break out, thus affecting the health of victims and the effect of disaster relief.

Secondly, due to the imperfect design of emergency food formula,Its nutritional structure is difficult to meet the nutritional supply needs of specific people.It is difficult to predict the time and place of some emergencies, which also leads to the traditional supply chain processing equipment and storage and transportation system can not meet the stable supply and accurate distribution of emergency food, which makes the rescue efficiency decline.

This paper summarizes the types and characteristics of emergency food, the development status of product development, storage and transportation, processing and packaging technology, and looks forward to the research and development strategy, processing, storage and transportation strategy and food safety of emergency food in order to provide new ideas for the development of emergency food industry in China.

Types and characteristics of emergency food

With the frequent occurrence of emergencies around the world, the demand for emergency food is increasing. In order to better meet the nutritional needs of different rescue scenes and people, and combined with the laws of emergency food diversity, high energy density, storability and convenience for eating, a variety of common emergency food types have appeared in recent years, including canned food, compressed dry food, instant hot food, dehydrated food, etc. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of emergency food are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of different types of emergency food

Emergency food has the following characteristics:

(1) Long shelf life: Emergency foods usually have a long shelf life to ensure edibility in emergency situations;

(2) Rich nutrition: under the premise of meeting basic energy, emergency food pays more attention to the functionality and special dietary effect of food according to the needs of the target rescue population;

(3) Portable: Emergency foods are usually packaged in light packages to quickly respond to emergencies;

(4) Food safety: Due to the harsh and changeable emergency rescue environment, the food safety of emergency food is very important.

When selecting emergency food types, it is necessary to make reasonable selection and planning according to disaster types, storage conditions, crowd demand and transportation environment. At the same time,Emergency food should be inspected and updated regularly to ensure food safety.

Development status of emergency food products

In recent years, China’s emergency food has developed steadily in terms of shelf life, taste, flavor and safety, but there is still a big gap compared with foreign countries. The shortcomings include:

(1) Low comprehensive performance. The diversity, nutrition and safety of emergency food need to be further strengthened;

（2）Functional development is limited.Due to the lack of practical experience in functional development and the lack of clear supervision and guidance standards, it is difficult for enterprises to carry out effective innovation and development;

（3）The production cost is high.The research and development of key technologies and formulas of emergency food are lagging behind and the added value is low, which leads to its lack of core competitiveness and affects production costs.

With the increasing market demand for serialized, functional, long shelf life and full nutrition emergency foods, continuous optimization, innovation and enrichment of R&D categories have become the key to the development of emergency foods.

With the development of science and technology,Emergency food is paying more and more attention to functions other than satiety and special dietary effects.Adding some ingredients or nutrients with special physiological functions to raw materials can enhance the overall functionality of emergency food.

At present, China’s self-developed "China 05 compressed food" has many functions, such as improving intestinal health, fighting hunger and promoting physical recovery, which greatly improves the efficiency of emergency rescue. Internationally, the United States has successfully developed military functional foods with different functions, such as anti-altitude sickness, anti-fatigue, refreshing the mind, quickly replenishing energy, improving intestinal function, etc. In order to meet the needs of different groups of people, modular foods with mineral modules, vitamin modules and energy modules have also been developed. Japan’s One Table Company has developed an emergency rescue jelly that is beneficial to swallowing, taking into account the people of all ages, so as to meet the needs of the elderly and children for quick nutrition supplement.

High-intensity rescue work in emergency rescue often makes rescuers in a state of physical and mental fatigue and overwork, which leads to inattention, weakened resistance and reduced work efficiency. Therefore,It is necessary to develop emergency food to delay or eliminate fatigue.

Hao Limin and others designed an anti-fatigue beverage formula, which was composed of oligosaccharides, taurine, caffeine, effervescent and other materials. It was processed into effervescent tablets by mixing, granulating, drying, cooling and tabletting. The animal test results showed that the beverage had obvious anti-fatigue effect. Wu Tianyi et al. conducted related research on anti-hypoxia functional fermented products. Through the screening of animal anti-hypoxia tests, it was found that natto and Schizophyllum commune fermented products from microorganisms had significant anti-hypoxia function, which provided a new design idea for the development of anti-hypoxia functional emergency food in the future.

Research status of emergency food storage, transportation and processing technology

In 2003, China began to pay attention to the research on emergency food storage and transportation, and compared with foreign countries, the research started late. In the "storage and transportation" system, food is generally classified and food quality standards are formulated to ensure food quality, facilitate transportation and improve rescue efficiency.The key to the efficient operation of the storage and transportation system lies in making full use of the electronic information platform.Ensure the coordination and mutual supervision of all links, strengthen the contact between emergency food storage and transportation and electronic information enterprises, so as to improve the rapid response ability of emergency food storage and transportation.

At present, there are many researches on food supply chain at home and abroad, covering the supply chain research of various specific food categories, such as fruits, vegetables, grain, etc. However, the research on emergency food logistics is rarely reported. The problems existing in the existing emergency food storage and transportation system in China are mainly summarized as the following four points:

(1) The layout of emergency material reserve centers around the country is unreasonable;

(2) Due to the asymmetric information flow and the large number of relief materials transfer stations in emergencies, the supply imbalance is prone to occur;

(3) Lack of procurement and operation standards for emergency food storage and transportation;

(4) The improvement of food safety evaluation system in the process of emergency food storage and transportation is not perfect, and the efficiency needs to be improved.

Compared with emergency food in developed countries,Domestic emergency foods generally have the problems of short shelf life and low scientific and technological content.The shelf life of self-heated rice and freeze-dried meat products introduced by American Mountain House Company can reach 30 years. The emergency food supply package launched by Wise Company is not only convenient and fast, but also can meet the needs of families, and its shelf life is as high as 25 years. In contrast, the shelf life of emergency food made of domestic Changwo special food by freeze-drying technology is not half as long as it is.

This shows that in the future, the development of emergency food in China should be oriented towards using emerging technologies to maintain the shelf life of food, thus developing a sustainable food value chain and limiting food waste. In order to prolong the shelf life, optimize the taste and promote nutrient absorption,More and more emerging processing technologies have potential application value.

1. Vacuum freeze-drying technology

Vacuum freeze-drying is to freeze the material below the eutectic point and remove the water in the material by sublimation in vacuum environment, so as to achieve the purpose of freeze-drying.It is common in military emergency food, which is used to improve the retention rate of nutrients and maintain the original color and flavor.Vacuum freeze-dried food can be stored at room temperature for a long time without adding preservatives because of its low water activity, and it is convenient to carry and transport.

Yang et al. used hot air drying, hot air vacuum combined drying and vacuum freeze-drying to dry the velvet antler mushroom. The results showed that vacuum freeze-drying could better keep the color and shape of velvet antler mushroom. However, vacuum freeze-drying has the disadvantages of time-consuming, energy-consuming and high cost when used alone, and these problems can be effectively solved by combining with other drying technologies.

Jiang et al. evaluated that freeze-drying combined with microwave vacuum drying was used to dry functional okra snacks. Compared with freeze-dried samples, the combined drying samples had better hardness and brittleness, and the drying time and energy consumption were reduced by about 75.36% and 71.92% respectively. Therefore,Vacuum freezing combined with vacuum microwave drying can be one of the development directions of emergency food drying.

2. Ultra-high pressure technology

Emergency food needs to have a long shelf life to ensure the safety and edibility of food in an emergency. Ultra-high pressure technology uses high pressure force to act on food,Without using high temperature or chemical additives, the shelf life of food can be prolonged by killing microorganisms and inhibiting enzyme activity, while maintaining the original flavor, color and nutrition of food.

Compared with traditional high-temperature treatment, ultra-high pressure technology hardly reacts with covalent bonds of small molecules, and only destroys non-covalent bonds that form the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules, such as hydration, ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. By inactivating or activating biomolecules such as polysaccharide and protein in food, the product quality can be improved. It is found that soaking and ultra-high pressure pretreatment can increase the content of fast digestible starch and slow digestible starch in rice starch, and reduce the content of resistant starch, thus improving the digestion characteristics of rice.

It should be noted that ultra-high pressure sterilization technology is not suitable for all types of food, and the composition and structure of different foods have different sensitivity to pressure, so it should be tested according to specific products to determine the best treatment scheme.

3. Ultra-fine grinding technology

Ultra-fine pulverization technology pulverizes material particles to micron level by mechanical or hydrodynamic force, thus reducing particle size, changing composition and internal structure, and improving physical and chemical properties of materials. For example, ultrafine grinding canIncrease the solubility of foodSo that it can be easily dissolved with water or other liquids in a short time and quickly prepared into food; In addition, it can alsoEnhance the digestibility of foodSo that it can be absorbed and utilized by the human body in a short time and provide energy quickly, and reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract.

Sun et al. treated dehydrated celery stems with superfine grinding technology, and found that there was no significant difference in chemical composition of celery powder with different particle sizes. However, with the decrease of particle size of celery stem powder, its ability of scavenging free radicals was continuously enhanced, which provided a reference for developing fast-dissolving antioxidant functional foods. Zhang et al. treated oat bran by ultra-fine pulverization technology, which improved the surface properties, water holding capacity and swelling capacity of oat bran. The prepared oat bran powder has good physical and chemical properties and oxidation resistance. The data obtained from this study provide theoretical basis for the application of ultra-fine pulverization technology in emergency food deep processing and functional food development.

4. Microcapsule technology

Microcapsule technology is a new packaging technology, which forms a delicate and tough shell around liquid or solid core materials, so that the core materials can be packaged inside the shell. Nutrient fortification is a common technology to improve the nutrition of emergency food. However, many nutrients or functional components such as vitamins, probiotics and antioxidants are prone to degradation, oxidation and volatile loss during production, storage and transportation due to their unstable physical and chemical properties.Using microcapsule technology to embed nutrients and functional components can play a protective role, reduce the influence of external environment such as light, heat and oxygen, and at the same time make them be digested and absorbed when needed.Improve the nutritional value of emergency food.

The results show that adding microencapsulated nutritional fortifier ferrous sulfate to flour can mask the iron smell and avoid the rancidity of oil caused by direct addition. Das et al. successfully prepared anthocyanin extract from purple rice bran with modified glutinous rice starch as wall material by spray drying technology. Microencapsulation showed that the surface of microcapsules was more uniform and smooth than natural starch and modified starch, and the storage stability of microencapsulated anthocyanins was improved. Generally speaking, microcapsule technology provides a new possibility for emergency food, which can improve the taste and prolong the storage time while ensuring nutrition and convenience.

5. Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology can be used to enhance the nutritional value of food and improve its functional components. For example, processing nutrients to less than 100nm by nanotechnology can improve the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients by human body, which can solve the pain point problem that emergency food has low moisture content and is not easily absorbed and utilized by human body.

Nanotechnology can also improve the texture, taste and flavor of food, and be used to remove harmful pollutants in food, such as pesticide residues, heavy metals and harmful chemicals. The special properties of nano-materials enable them to adsorb or catalyze the degradation of these pollutants and improve food safety. However, the application of nanotechnology in food processing is still in its infancy. In the future, when nanotechnology is applied to emergency food, it is necessary to carry out risk assessment and strict supervision on the safety of nanomaterials to ensure the sustainable development of nanotechnology and food safety.

Research status of emergency food packaging technology

Food packaging is a very important processing link that affects the quality of emergency food. As a barrier layer of food, it can protect food from adverse factors such as external environment, microorganisms and pollutants, maintain food freshness, hygiene and safety, and extend its shelf life.Emergency food is usually stored by sealing, modified atmosphere and vacuum packaging. The packaging forms include vacuum aluminum foil packaging, composite nanotechnology packaging and edible film packaging.

In 2016, China developed the world’s first compressed packaging of disaster relief emergency food. By using this pre-foldable compressed packaging food, each logistics vehicle can carry 50% more goods, and the transportation and supply of disaster relief food is more efficient and faster, and the transportation cost is lower. In recent years, in order to prolong the shelf life of food and ensure the quality and safety of food, a variety of functional food packages have appeared in the market, such as antibacterial packaging that inhibits the growth of microorganisms, intelligent packaging that monitors the quality of food, and biodegradable environmental protection packaging.

1. active packaging technology

Active packaging is defined as an intelligent system, which aims to extend the shelf life and improve the quality of food through the interaction between packaging materials and the internal environment of food, so as to meet consumers’ demand for fresh, stable and safe food. Active packaging mainly includes antioxidant packaging and antibacterial packaging. Among them, antioxidant packaging can prevent food from deteriorating by absorbing oxygen or releasing carbon dioxide in the packaging, thus prolonging the shelf life of food. Common oxygen adsorbents include ethylene adsorbent, iron powder, activated carbon, biological enzyme and so on.

Antibacterial packaging mainly inhibits the growth of pathogenic and corrosive microorganisms in food by introducing antibacterial agents, prevents the migration of pollutants, and can also show the leakage of some packaging, thus ensuring food safety. These active packaging technologies provide a broader design idea for future emergency food packaging,So that it is no longer limited to dehydration and drying, and fresh food with better experience can be selected.

2. Nano packaging technology

Nano-technology involves the development of single or multi-dimensional materials less than 100nm. Studies have confirmed that packaging materials with nano-size have large specific surface area and small pores, which can effectively isolate the invasion of external gas, moisture and pollutants, prolong the shelf life of food and reduce the loss of food. In addition, the nano-packaging material has excellent mechanical properties,Can give packaging materials high mechanical strength and durability, and is suitable for use in harsh emergency environments.Therefore, nano-materials are expected to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of emergency food packaging.

On the other hand, the surface of nano-materialsAntibacterial agents such as nano silver can also be added to inhibit microbial growth and reduce food pollution and corruption.Thereby improving the safety of food. Compared with ordinary antibacterial packaging, nano-packaging has stronger anti-corrosion and fresh-keeping function, and is less affected by various extreme weather. In the future, with the continuous development of nanotechnology, nano-packaging materials are expected to provide better protection and quality control for emergency food, and ensure that people can get high-quality food supplies in emergencies.

3. RFID packaging technology（RFID）

RFID is a technology to automatically identify objects by using radio waves. Identification is accomplished by storing serial numbers or other information on a microchip connected to an antenna. Based on wireless communication, RFID can provide real-time information about temperature, relative humidity, nutrition and supplier information in the process of products passing through the supply chain, improve traceability and ensure food quality and safety.

The application of RFID in the field of military food packaging mainly focuses on the storage and transportation stage. By adding RFID tags to military food packaging, the whole process information tracking of military food in the distribution process can be realized through the one-object-one-code identification function of tag chip. In case of emergency, the whole distribution process needs no unpacking, and all the information of the product can be obtained directly by scanning the reader, including the processing information, storage status, transportation information and eating methods of the product, so as to realize the rapid and accurate replenishment of emergency food and improve the speed and accuracy of distribution.

At present, RFID technology has been widely used in the field of civil food packaging, and these experiences can be used for reference in the field of emergency food packaging.Realize the whole process tracking and management of emergency food supply chain, and improve the efficiency and quality of emergency food distribution.

4. Time-temperature indicator technology（TTI）

TTI technology aims to monitor the temperature changes in the food supply chain to predict the changes of food heat-sensitive nutrients and indicate the remaining shelf information of products, thus reducing food consumption and ensuring food safety. The basic working principle of TTI technology is based on the changes of machinery, chemistry, electrochemistry, enzymes or microorganisms, which are usually manifested as visible reactions in the form of mechanical deformation, color development or color movement. It can monitor and record some key parameters in the whole food distribution process,By combining the cumulative effect of time and temperature, the remaining shelf life of the product is dynamically displayed.In order to monitor the cumulative effects of time and temperature on specific products, TTI labels are usually attached to food packaging.

Compared with other temperature monitoring equipment, TTI is small in size and cost-effective, and can reflect the time and temperature changes experienced by food by displaying irreversible effects that are easy to observe. At present, the packaging method of emergency food usually follows the date of production, and the date of production and the time limit for eating are printed on the outer packaging. However, in an emergency situation, the quality and safety of food become particularly important due to the instability of storage and transportation environment. By using TTI technology, the quality and safety of emergency food can be better monitored and controlled, and whether the food has been infringed by the external environment can be found in time, which provides great guarantee for enhancing the safety of emergency food.

5. Edible packaging membrane technology

Edible packaging film refers to the packaging film with porous network structure formed by intermolecular interaction with edible materials such as protein, grain matrix, cellulose and other raw materials, supplemented by edible crosslinking agents, plasticizers and other substances.This packaging material can not only effectively protect food quality, but also reduce environmental pollution.

For example, the grain matrix film is usually made of soybeans, which is safe and harmless. At the same time, the packaged products also have the effect of moisture-proof and moisture-proof, which has a good effect on improving the quality of fresh-keeping foods. Compared with traditional packaging materials, edible packaging film has the characteristics of edibility, and it will not produce packaging waste after use, reducing the negative impact on the environment, making edible packaging film a more environmentally friendly choice.

Edible packaging film has a potential application prospect in the field of emergency food, which can provide good food protection and preservation effects, while reducing the generation of packaging waste. However, when edible packaging technology is applied to emergency food in the future,It is necessary to evaluate the stability and performance of this technology under various environmental conditions.

6. Biodegradable packaging technology

With the continuous development of new technologies and new resources, it is another research direction with great potential to use degradable, energy-saving and emission-reducing packaging materials instead of high-energy and refractory packaging materials. At present, researchers have done a lot of research on degradable packaging materials, and their barrier properties need to be improved when they are used in emergency food in the future.Designed as a biodegradable high barrier material.

Microfiberized cellulose material（microfibrillated cellulose，MFC）It is a biodegradable and widely used high-performance material, which usually comes from green beet pulp, bagasse and soybean skin, and is composed of a large number of cellulose microfibril aggregates. Lavoine et al. reported that microfibrillated cellulose materials and plastic film materials can be combined to form nano-composite packaging materials. Through surface chemical modification, the shortcomings of MFC materials in barrier performance and oxygen barrier performance were solved. However, due to the hydrophilic characteristics of bio-base, the moisture resistance of MFC nanocomposites needs to be further studied and improved.

In the future, intelligent packaging technology can be adopted to optimize the packaging barrier performance and design biodegradable multiple high barrier materials.

Prospect of emergency food development strategy

With the frequent occurrence of natural disasters and the increase of emergency situations, the complexity of rescue site environment and the diversification of rescue people, the development of emergency food in the future needs to introduce advanced scientific and technological innovation technology. For example, the use of Internet of Things technology, intelligent warehousing, scientific packaging technology, etc., to achieve traceability and monitoring of emergency food, improve the quality of emergency food and rescue efficiency. In addition, through the dimensions of raw material screening, formula design, texture reorganization, packaging design, etc., emergency foods in different scenes and target groups are developed to accurately match the nutritional needs of specific groups, increase their acceptance and satisfaction in emergency situations, and improve the quality and effect of emergency response.

1. Future research and development strategy of emergency food

Future emergency food is a kind of food that can quickly and accurately match the nutritional needs of specific people according to different emergency situations, and is convenient for transportation and storage. Based on the research results of emergency food in various countries, the future research and development strategy of emergency food in China can be carried out from three aspects: serialized emergency food, functional emergency food and high-tech application of science and technology.

1) Serialized emergency food.The serial development of emergency food is mainly adjusted and customized according to the dietary needs of different disaster environments and different people, which means developing diversified emergency food products.Including vegetarian, gluten-free, lactose intolerance and other products with special dietary needs to meet the needs of different groups of people.

To carry out the research strategy of emergency food serialization, especially for the needs of special groups such as the elderly, children and pregnant women, the following measures can be taken:

① Reasonable formula design, and develop emergency formula according to the nutritional needs and health status of special groups. For example, for the elderly and pregnant women, attention should be paid to the intake of protein, vitamins, minerals and cellulose; For children, energy requirements and digestibility need to be considered.

② Selection and treatment of ingredients. In order to meet the nutritional needs of the elderly and pregnant women, you can choose ingredients that are easy to chew and rich in protein and fiber; For children, you can choose ingredients that suit their taste and digestive system.

③ Safety and non-allergic guarantee. For pregnant women, children, the elderly and other special groups, it is necessary to ensure that food does not contain substances that may cause allergic reactions, such as peanuts, nuts, alcohol and so on.

④ Product form and packaging design. For the convenience of the elderly and children, it can be designed to be easy to open, chew and digest, and adopt easy-to-operate packaging methods, such as vacuum packaging and canned food.

2) Functional emergency food.The development of functional emergency food will pay attention to the nutritional balance of emergency food and the addition of functional ingredients, so as to meet people’s special needs in emergencies and slow down and eliminate the adverse effects of emergency conditions on human physiology or psychology. exploitationAnti-fatigue, anti-hyperreflexia, anti-anxiety, low temperature tolerance, help sleep, improve constipation and improve immunity.Functional emergency food is the focus of research and development of emergency food at present.

When natural disasters occur, they are often accompanied by water pollution, which will lead to serious gastrointestinal diseases and various infections. Studies have confirmed that bioactive substances can be used to treat some diseases, improve the function of biological systems or resist pathogens. For example, intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids can alleviate intestinal inflammation by changing intestinal flora and enhancing intestinal cell barrier function; Polyphenols such as curcumin can reduce the stress of endoplasmic reticulum, thus reducing the inflammatory response of human intestinal epithelial cells.

Previous studies have shown that intestinal inflammation can be improved not only by drugs, but also by improving dietary intake and increasing the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary calcium and vitamin D, thus improving intestinal health.

For example, increasing the dietary fiber content in emergency food can promote intestinal peristalsis and defecation, and prevent constipation and gastrointestinal problems; Adding probiotics or fermented food can improve the balance of intestinal flora, enhance the function of immune system and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal infection; Foods rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, such as citrus fruits and vegetables, help to enhance the immune system function, improve the body’s resistance and reduce the risk of infection.

All in all,By improving the nutritional composition of emergency food, we can alleviate the intestinal problems caused by disasters and help people stay healthy in difficulties.The above measures can help to improve the health effect of emergency food on intestine, but in practical application, the preservation and storage conditions of food need to be considered to ensure the safety and nutritional value of food.

3) The application of scientific and high technology.The introduction of high technology is of great significance to the breakthrough of emergency food in shelf life, nutrition and functionality. In terms of extending the shelf life, methods such as microbial control, vacuum packaging and irradiation sterilization can be adopted. In terms of improving nutrition, nutritional enhancers or functional ingredients can be added to emergency food to enhance its nutritional value.

In terms of improving functionality, high-tech can be used to develop emergency food with specific functions, for example, adding natural antioxidants, humectants, thickeners, etc. to increase the antioxidant capacity, water retention and taste of food. In addition, the use of nanotechnology can improve the texture and taste of food. In the aspect of personalized nutrition enhancement, it can be combined with wearable equipment and sensors. According to the results of physiological testing,(such as lack of potassium or vitamin A)Form personalized demand data, send it to the processing base, and generate special nutritious fortified food made of seasoning liquid and powder through additive manufacturing.

To sum up, serialized emergency foods can meet the dietary needs of different groups of people, while functional foods pay attention to nutrition and special needs, while the application of science and technology and high technology is helpful to improve the quality stability, nutrition promotion and functional supplement of emergency foods. These strategies will promote the further development of emergency food in China in the future and ensure that people can get a safe and balanced food supply in disasters.

2. Emergency food processing storage and transportation strategy

Emergency food is an important relief material for survival under emergency conditions, which requires extremely high production environment and product quality in the supply chain.Therefore, it is necessary to establish an automatic, flexible and digital intelligent supply chain system.The following measures can be taken in the production of emergency food in the future.

1) Introduce intelligent equipment.Through intelligent sorting and cascade utilization technology of raw materials, artificial intelligence combined with deep learning of photoelectric equipment, inductive classification combined with manual assistance, the process parameters in the production process are continuously optimized, and a demand-oriented raw material supply system is established, which can realize the automation of raw material pretreatment and processing, reduce the risk of human subjective errors and cross-contamination, and achieve the effect of improving quality and reducing cost.

2) Build a flexible supply chain.Based on the production requirements of serialization, functionalization and science and technology of emergency food in the future, flexible supply chain can help enterprises optimize resource allocation and utilization, thus reducing costs. For example, according to the production demand of emergency products, enterprises promote the digital transformation of production processes to ensure product quality, efficiency and sustainable production capacity; In addition, through flexible adaptation of intelligent filling and packaging technology, we can quickly switch and adjust product specifications and packaging methods, so that enterprises can quickly respond to changes in market demand and improve emergency rescue efficiency.

3) Establish a digital monitoring system.By introducing precise temperature control technology and RFID technology, the key parameters of the process, such as temperature, humidity, flow rate and speed, can be collected in real time by sensors and monitoring equipment, so that the abnormal situation can be adjusted in time to ensure that the products meet the standard requirements. At the same time, considering that the time and place of emergencies are difficult to predict, the joint application of the Internet of Things and smart packaging technology can track the location, transportation conditions and quality of emergency food in real time, and combine with the logistics management system to carry out intelligent distribution and route optimization in real time according to the changes of disaster situation, so as to achieve the best transportation efficiency and save costs.

Different from ordinary food, the demand for emergency food will be affected by various factors.In the future, the development of emergency food should adopt modular design, that is, food should be grouped and packaged according to function or proportion, so that people can choose and combine different types of food according to their needs.And ensure the balanced nutrition of food. Modular design of emergency food has the advantages of flexible selection, balanced nutrition, easy carrying and storage, and improved emergency response flexibility, which can play an important role in future emergency rescue.

3. The prospect of emergency food safety.

There are some harmful substances such as mycotoxins, heavy metals and allergens in the production, processing and transportation of emergency food.It is of great practical significance to establish an emergency food quality management system, analyze the potential hazards in the production process and continuously monitor them.

In recent years, the rapid nondestructive detection technology of food and food raw material hazards has been widely used in the field of food detection and sorting, such as multi-spectral imaging technology, hyperspectral imaging technology, terahertz spectral imaging technology and so on. Because it is simple, rapid and nondestructive, and can obtain the image and spectral information of the detected substance at the same time, it has potential application prospects in food quality and safety detection, mainly including variety identification, adulteration analysis, quality and hazard detection and a series of applications.

Shi et al. realized the rapid nondestructive detection of Fusarium graminearum and vomitoxin in wheat by multi-spectral imaging technology, and explored a new method for monitoring mycotoxin pollution in wheat production, processing and storage. Liu et al. can monitor zearalenone in corn quickly and non-destructively through multi-spectral imaging combined with machine learning technology.（ZEN）The content of mycotoxin is of great significance to the monitoring of mycotoxin pollution during corn storage and transportation.

Du et al. realized the rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in milk by Raman spectroscopy and stoichiometry, which ensured the safety of milk. Liu et al. quickly determined the concentrations of aflatoxin B1 and benzopyrene in soybean oil by terahertz spectroscopy combined with chemometrics, which provided an effective means for food safety monitoring.

In addition, harmful substances, microbial contamination and chemical residues in food processing seriously affect the quality and safety of food. Therefore, through the rapid detection technology of food hazards in the processing process, it can help manufacturers to respond quickly and reduce or avoid unqualified production operations.

Traditional on-line detection technology often has some shortcomings, such as requiring large equipment and professional operators, and complicated pretreatment.Electrochemical detection methodIt has the advantages of high sensitivity, quick response, real-time monitoring and selectivity. By measuring and analyzing electrochemical signals such as current and voltage in food raw materials, it can be judged whether there are harmful substances.

Gao et al., from the perspective of electrochemical detection, used the electrolyte gate-controlled graphene transistor with two-dimensional graphene as the channel material to realize the rapid identification of the freezing and thawing degree of beef. Mao et al. aim at heavy metal Cr in aquatic products（VI）In order to solve the pollution problem, two-dimensional monatomic iron material is used as the colorimetric sensor of peroxidase to detect Cr in fish quickly and simply.（VI）, and achieved good expected results. Zhu et al. developed a portable aptamer sensor, which has the characteristics of simple operation and portability, and can simultaneously detect T-2 toxin and zearalenone in corn and oat flour, thus realizing the on-line detection of mycotoxins during processing.

In the future, multi-functional electrochemical biosensors and nano-devices can be constructed through electrochemical aptamer joint detection technology, so as to realize the detection of complex hazards such as benzopyrene and allergens in the production process and ensure the safety and stability of food quality in the production process. The flow chart of future emergency food research and development strategy is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Future Emergency Food R&D and Development Strategy Process

conclusion

In recent years, emergencies have occurred frequently in China, and the demand for emergency food has been rising continuously. Especially after the COVID-19 epidemic, China residents’ awareness of food nutrition and safety has been continuously enhanced, and food is required to have certain functionality while meeting basic energy. Therefore, one of the first tasks in the post-epidemic period is to accelerate the research on emergency food.

For the development of emergency food in China, there are many problems in the process of modern rescue, such as insufficient nutrition supply of emergency food, imperfect functional food and difficulty in accurate distribution. Based on this actual situation, the design and development of rescue food with complete nutritional functions, convenient eating and convenient storage and transportation, and the realization of industrial production can not only meet the national emergency relief needs, but also fill the food shortage of emergency relief materials.

By analyzing the development gap of emergency food at home and abroad and thinking about the future development trend of food, this paper puts forward three research and development directions of emergency food, and produces a series of safe, fresh, nutritious and stable emergency food through intelligent supply chain and accurate and efficient detection technology, so as to make it have core competitiveness and greater development space in the market, and gradually open and improve the emergency food market in China.

Acknowledgement: Professor Hao Limin, Institute of Quartermaster Engineering Technology, Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, gave advice and help; Support of agricultural eco-environmental protection and quality and safety industrial technology system in Anhui Province.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Science and technology herald (id: streview), published in Science and Technology Herald, No.19, 2023, by Ning Cheng (Ph.D., School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology), Liu Changhong and Zheng Lei (correspondent, same as before, professor).

In order to better provide government information disclosure services and facilitate citizens, legal persons and other organizations(hereinafter referred to as the applicant) to obtain government information, according to the "Regulations on the Openness of Government Information in People’s Republic of China (PRC)", the "Ganzhou City"educationBureau of government information disclosure guide "(hereinafter referred to as the" guide ")."Guide" (updated regularly), citizens, legal persons and other organizations can visit the portal of Ganzhou Municipal People’s Government (www.ganzhou.gov.cn/) or our website (http://edu.ganzhou.gov.cn) and the government information access places designated according to law.

　　I. Active disclosure

　　(a) the scope of disclosure

　　The government information held by our bureau in exercising its administrative functions in accordance with relevant duties and regulations, except that it is exempted from disclosure according to law, all government information related to economic, social management and public services shall be disclosed or provided upon the application of citizens, legal persons and other organizations.Government information that involves state secrets or may endanger national security, public safety, economic security and social stability after disclosure does not belong to the scope of disclosure. The information freely disclosed by our bureau to the society mainly includes the following.sixClass:

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　　For details, please refer to theGanzhou cityeducationBasic catalogue of active disclosure of bureau government information"(hereinafter referred to as the" Catalogue "). Citizens, legal persons and other organizations can visit the portal website of Ganzhou Municipal People’s Government and Ganzhou City.educationBureau website to consult the "Catalogue", you can also go toGanzhou education bureauFor inspection, inspection location:Ganzhou education bureau(Ganzhou municipal administration centerSouth building19a storied building）； Opening hours: legal working days, Monday to Friday. Morning:8:30-12:00 Afternoon:14:30-17:30(except statutory holidays); Contact telephone number:0797-8991500.

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The government information that belongs to the scope of voluntary disclosure of our bureau, from the date of formation or change of government information.twentyMake it public according to law within working days.

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Mailing address:: South Building of Ganzhou Municipal Center19a storied building1914room

Postal code:341000

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　　Life is easy to get old, but it’s hard to get old. The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is China’s Double Ninth Festival, which is also called "Old People’s Day". Respecting the elderly is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. Just after the Double Ninth Festival, Luo Tianjiong, director of the geriatrics department of Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, sent nine health guides, aiming at caring for the elderly and caring for their health.
Correspondent Xia Fan Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News Trainee Reporter Lu Yanlin

　　1. Pay attention to fall prevention.

　　Due to the increase of osteoporosis and bone fragility, the elderly are prone to fracture, soft tissue injury, psychological trauma and other serious consequences when they fall, and their incidence rate rises sharply with age. Luo Tianqiong said that the elderly need to pay attention to the prevention of falls at home, shoes should be anti-slip, and the light should be bright enough. Once they fall, they should be actively sent to the hospital. 48 hours after the fall of the elderly is the prime time for treatment.

　　2. Reasonable diet and balanced nutrition

　　Light diet, less oil and salt, fresh and hygienic food, and balanced nutrition. The diet is mainly cereal, with a matching thickness. Eat regularly and quantitatively, chew slowly, ensure that there are vegetables in the meal and fruits every day, take in some high-protein foods such as fish, meat and eggs, often drink milk to supplement calcium, and take vitamin D in the sun for 15-20 minutes every day to promote the absorption of calcium, actively replenish water and pay attention to prevent sunburn. Advocate not smoking, drinking less and drinking too much.

　　3. Exercise properly and do what you can.

　　With the growth of age, many elderly people are more and more reluctant to exercise. Although they understand that proper exercise can promote health, what they don’t know is that due to lack of exercise, elderly people often suffer from decreased resistance, muscle atrophy, physical decline, etc. Over time, diseases come one after another. It is suggested that the elderly choose appropriate exercise methods, such as walking, square dancing, Tai Ji Chuan, Baduanjin, etc., and the exercise intensity should be tolerated by individuals.

　　4. Ensure sleep and take a proper lunch break.

　　The sleep of the elderly is shallow and easy to wake up. Half of the elderly in China have sleep disorders. Long-term lack of sleep will cause mental fatigue, dizziness, weakness of limbs, etc. Luo Tianjiong suggested that the elderly should ensure six hours of sleep and take a proper lunch break for half an hour every day, which is conducive to physical and mental health. When insomnia occurs, they can massage points such as Neiguan, Shenmen and Sanyinjiao to help sleep.

　　5. Brush your teeth frequently, wash your hands frequently and take a bath frequently.

　　Brush your teeth in the morning and evening, and rinse your mouth after meals. For the elderly with dentures, brush them clean and soak them in cold water when not in use, and change your toothbrush every three months. Wash your hands and bathe frequently to resist the invasion of bacteria and enhance your resistance.

　　6, keep the stool unobstructed

　　Due to the continuous decline of physical function, the gastrointestinal peristalsis of the elderly will also be very obvious, often manifested as constipation. In view of constipation of the elderly, Luo Tianjiong suggested keeping the habit of regular defecation, drinking more water, not eating laxatives indiscriminately, or massaging the abdomen clockwise around the navel to relieve constipation.

　　7. Don’t stop drugs for chronic diseases.

　　Many elderly people think that chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes have no impact on their lives, so they choose to stop taking drugs, but they don’t know that stopping taking some drugs is likely to cause recurrence or "rebound" of the original diseases and even accidents. Luo Tianqiong stressed that if there is a need to stop taking drugs, you must first consult a doctor and gradually stop taking drugs under the guidance of a doctor.

　　8. Keep a good attitude

　　Luo Tianjiong reminded that emotional excitement and bad emotions will affect the physical and mental health of the elderly, keep a calm mind, communicate with people more, and avoid depression, anxiety and mood swings, especially patients with basic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease and cerebral infarction.

　　9. Strengthen self-health management.

　　Director Luo Tianqiong said that it is very necessary for the elderly to have a physical examination. It is necessary to actively prevent the occurrence and development of diseases, so as to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. It is recommended that the elderly have a physical examination once a year, and people with basic diseases should have regular physical examinations on the advice of doctors, and be responsible for individuals and their lives.

　　　 Movie network news Compared with the dazzling skills, exaggeration and excessive changes in the adaptation of famous works in recent years, the 2012 editionGreat expectationsAppearing conservative and traditional, director mike newell shows the growth track of the protagonist Pip step by step according to the chronological order of the original works. However, it is an impossible task to include a literary masterpiece, especially an epic about growth and changes of the times, with the duration of a film. Expect again and again, but always get disappointed again and again. Perhaps, just as the upper class is to Pip, it is just an illusory dream to adapt the film without seeking transcendence but reaching the original.

　　　 Director Mike must have thought that all the audience had seen the original work, so he only chose a few important paragraphs, which also made the rhythm of the film very out of step, and the personality change and complicated relationship between the characters could not be explained clearly, leaving regrets. Pip’s way of growing up is actually to know love, money, class, humanity and redemption step by step. It is Dickens’ interpretation of all this, but every part of the story in the movie is missing something, and it is over before the climax, leaving only us off the screen, with an empty sense of nothingness to the subtitles. In the movie, Pip had an instant epiphany in the face of life changes and spiritual shocks, which saved all the entanglements and struggles, which made the embarrassment of being ridiculed, the pain of losing loved ones and the repentance of starting over not enough to touch people’s hearts and lose the power of the original text.

　　　 The swamp where the story begins and the countryside in Kent are quiet and beautiful, but the protagonist Pip’s shortness of breath and footsteps seem so uncoordinated. The sudden jump out of the prisoners hiding in the cemetery breaks this tranquility and changes Pip’s life from now on. Especially when I think back after I know the ending, I hope that time will pass slowly and then slowly. Even if I have a poor life and my sister’s beating and scolding, at least I have enough food and clothing and my brother-in-law’s protection. Just at that time, Pip didn’t know ordinary happiness. In front of the arrogant and beautiful noble lady, he just wanted to get into the upper class and exchange his "great future" for his sweetheart’s favor, but he didn’t know that such a future ruined his life. In his "ideal life", the narrow old streets of London make people feel bad, and the camera is aimed at the dirty mess in Little Britain. The so-called "great expectations" are also concentrated in exquisite and exaggerated aristocratic costumes and seemingly boring parties in the upper class. This irony should have been the protagonist’s experience after many experiences, but it is too superficial and deliberate in front of the camera.

　　　 Dickens wrote two endings for Great Expectations, which were originally gloomy and sad, but under the pressure of the publishing house, there was another happy ending as described in the film. The audience who like romantic love may applaud and believe that this is true love, but this love with too many impurities is hard to impress everyone. Director Mike and screenwriter david nicholls’s choice of ending is also doomed to lose the recognition of some audiences.

　　　 Fortunately, the restoration of the key points of the original, the exquisite dialogue, the retro British accent and the street view with a sense of the times, as well as the performances of Ralph Fiennes and helena carter, are enough to make this film qualify as a tribute to Dickens. In particular, Pip’s confession to Estella is a classic, which makes the listeners all moved. Ralph Fiennes’s appearance is not much, but it is one of the hidden main lines, and it is also the mainstay of this tome. Helena carter imitates tim burton’s "Corpse Bride" and the defeated "Queen of Spades". Although she occasionally feels a little jumpy, she still vividly displays the pale, thin, mysterious and weird image of a bad woman. Herbert, Pip’s good friend, is extremely dramatic in many supporting roles, even more vivid and lovely than Pip. No matter when he appeared as a child or grew up, he always brought people happy laughter, which also made the depressed story have a glimmer of light.

According to the Chinese Embassy in Britain, on March 22, 2021, the Chargé d ‘affaires of the Embassy in Britain, Yang Xiaoguang, successively received an exclusive interview with British Sky News, TV 4 and BBC, explaining China’s principled position on the sanctions imposed by the European Union and Britain on relevant institutions and personnel in China due to Xinjiang-related issues, and refuting wrong remarks. Sky News and TV 4 broadcast live reports, and BBC broadcast some interviews in the news program that night.

In response to the British Foreign Development Secretary’s announcement that Britain will impose sanctions on China officials and entities,Agent Yang said that Xinjiang affairs are entirely China’s internal affairs. Based on lies and false information, the British side imposed unilateral sanctions on individuals and entities in China on the pretext of human rights issues, ignored the facts, turned black and white, grossly interfered in China’s internal affairs, blatantly violated international law and the basic norms of international relations, and seriously damaged Sino-British relations. China expresses strong dissatisfaction and resolute opposition to this, and reserves the right to take corresponding countermeasures to safeguard China’s interests and dignity.

In response to China’s question about whether it was surprised by the British government’s decision,Deputy Yang said that China was not surprised, but deeply disappointed, and resolutely opposed this wrong decision. Sanctions will not only have no effect on China, but will make the people of China more united. The basic reaction I have heard is that Chinese officials who have been sanctioned are deeply honored to be able to defend national interests.

In response to the question whether China will take countermeasures against Britain,Agent Yang said that China does not take the initiative to provoke confrontation and attack others, but it will not be trampled upon by others and will resolutely fight back. China will not succumb to external pressure, and we should not underestimate our determination and confidence in safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests. China is carefully studying the British statement and will make an appropriate response in due course. China urges the British side to change its course in time, withdraw relevant wrong decisions, avoid damage to bilateral relations, and take effective measures to bring Sino-British relations back to the right track.

In response to the question that Xinjiang Education and Training Center is equivalent to a "concentration camp", China has carried out "genocide" and "forced labor" on Uighurs, forced sterilization on Uighur women and separated Uighur children from their parents, Agent Yang pointed out that China has repeatedly stated that there is no so-called "genocide", "forced labor" and "mass sterilization" in Xinjiang. These accusations against Xinjiang are groundless and "century lies". The so-called evidence hyped by the British media is completely malicious lies and false information, which has no credibility at all. The relevant pictures and videos are fabricated or taken out of context.

Agent Yang said that China’s establishment of the education and training center is a preventive anti-terrorism measure to educate and save those who are infected by extreme thoughts, involved in terrorism activities or seriously influenced by extreme thoughts and prevent them from going to terrorism. Facts have proved that this measure has effectively protected the life safety of people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, including Uighur compatriots, and also guaranteed the right of the students concerned to reunite with their families according to law. Students study the national common language, legal knowledge and vocational skills education and training in the teaching and training center. After graduation, they generally find suitable jobs and their living standards are improved.

Agent Yang said that cotton production in Xinjiang has been highly mechanized, and there is no need for a lot of manpower. Moreover, there are few job opportunities, high pay and fierce competition. Where is the need for forced labor?

Agent Yang said that the family planning policy is still the basic national policy of China, which is implemented nationwide, but it is more relaxed for ethnic minorities, including Uighurs. The accusations you mentioned are sheer nonsense.

Agent Yang pointed out that the pictures repeatedly broadcast by British TV programs are scenes of centralized transfer of prisoners in Xinjiang detention center, which has nothing to do with the teaching and training center. These prisoners are dangerous people suspected of breaking the law, so it is absolutely necessary to take security measures for them, and there is no abuse problem.

Agent Yang stressed that facts have repeatedly proved that the accusations against China are unfounded. In 2019, Xinjiang received more than 200 million Chinese and foreign tourists. If there are a lot of "torture" or "misconduct" in the local area, why is there no more evidence? In fact, China’s Xinjiang policy has been widely understood and supported internationally. At the 46th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council, 64 countries, including Arab countries, made a joint speech in support of China’s Xinjiang policy. We welcome more tourists from all over the world to visit Xinjiang after the COVID-19 epidemic, and believe that they can make correct judgments through what they have seen with their own eyes. What China has done in Xinjiang is frank and aboveboard, which can stand the test of history.

In response to a question about the nature of the Public Security Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, agent Yang said that the primary responsibility of the public security organs of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is to protect the lives and property safety and legitimate rights and interests of people of all ethnic groups, including Uighurs. Over the years, the public security organs of the Corps have cracked down on serious crimes such as terrorism according to law, which has been sincerely supported and generally supported by the local people of all ethnic groups.

In response to a question from the former US Secretary of State that China had put Uighurs in "concentration camps" and instilled communist party’s ideas and carried out "genocide", Agent Yang said that there was no "genocide" in Xinjiang. A century or two ago, the United States massacred Indians, and what they did was called "genocide."

On the question of whether China allows the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to visit Xinjiang and whether foreign journalists are allowed to visit Xinjiang freely, Agent Yang said that China welcomes the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to visit China and Xinjiang, and has kept close communication with the United Nations. The door of Xinjiang is open. We welcome people who are unbiased and really want to know about the development of Xinjiang to visit Xinjiang, but we firmly oppose any condescending presumption of guilt. According to the relevant regulations of China, foreign journalists can go to Xinjiang to report on the premise of abiding by the laws of China and fulfilling relevant procedures.

In response to a question about a British parliamentarian claiming that he was "harassed on the Internet by diplomats of the China Embassy", Agent Yang said that some British parliamentarians have repeatedly made false statements about Xinjiang on social media, and China diplomats have the right to clarify the truth and set the record straight. Members can make false statements, so we have no right to state the facts? Why do you say "harassment"?

On the question of whether "one country, two systems" in Hong Kong has become "one country, one system" and whether the Legislative Council of Hong Kong will become a "rubber stamp", Mr. Yang said that the China government has always fully and accurately implemented the policy of "one country, two systems", but "one country" is the prerequisite. After the storm of amending regulations, "one country" has been seriously impacted, and it is necessary to strengthen "one country" in order to better guarantee "two systems". What China has done is to ensure that "one country, two systems" is stable and far-reaching, and to ensure that the interests of the overwhelming majority of Hong Kong people are safeguarded. Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong come from all walks of life and are widely representative. In the future, there will still be many voices in the Hong Kong Legislative Council. On the premise of safeguarding national sovereignty and territorial integrity, members’ right to express their opinions is guaranteed.

(The original title is "The Chargé d ‘affaires of Yang Xiaoguang is interviewed by British Sky News, TV 4 and BBC")

During the two sessions this year, Jin Keke, a representative of the Municipal People’s Congress, submitted a proposal on "privacy list". In his view, express delivery companies should implement privacy sheets as soon as possible, implement the legal obligation to protect personal sensitive information, and put a "protective suit" on each personal information attached to the express parcel.

Put on "protective clothing" for personal information attached to express parcels.

With the rapid development of Internet economy, convenient online shopping has become an increasingly important channel for consumers. However, while enjoying the convenience brought by express delivery service, users are also deeply troubled by the problem of personal information leakage:

Today, with the full popularity of express delivery in real-name registration system, a small express delivery list contains all kinds of user information, which makes the express delivery list the hardest hit area for user information leakage and provides the possibility for illegal telecom activities such as online fraud.

"Privacy Sheet" service is not the default.

What is a "privacy sheet"?

Many users have experienced such a courier service, that is, using "asterisk number" or "smiley face number" instead of the middle mobile phone number and user name on the courier list to protect users’ personal privacy information.

As early as 2017, some express delivery companies and express delivery platforms tried to launch "privacy sheets": some "privacy sheets" replaced the middle four digits of the recipient’s mobile phone number with asterisks; Some "privacy sheets" not only do not display the mobile phone number, but also hide the specific address. However, several years have passed, and the popularity of "privacy sheets" is not high. The electronic sheets of parcels received and sent by users still generally show the recipient’s name, telephone number and detailed address completely.

According to the survey in Jin Keke, among the 12 mainstream express delivery companies in the market, only a few express delivery companies provide customers with privacy services.

What is the application of "Privacy Sheet"? The reporter also made some investigations.

On the shelf of a fast bird station on Tianshan Road, the reporter saw more than 40 express parcels, only 5 of which were hidden in the middle of the personal mobile phone number.

According to the staff of the station, in the express delivery he actually received, "privacy sheet" rarely appeared.

In fact, many express delivery companies are still implementing "privacy orders", but the service methods are different.

Companies represented by Tmall Supermarket provide users with "private sticky notes", and users need to stick the stickers on the information they want to hide themselves. A few courier companies list "hide the middle digits of the mobile phone number" and "only display the last name without displaying the first name" as the default options.

However, the "privacy list" service of most courier companies is not the default service, and users should choose this service independently when sending the mail if necessary.

For example, the user information on the general list is not hidden by default. The reporter entered Zhongtong’s WeChat Express applet, chose to make an appointment to send the mail, clicked the "value-added service" option at the bottom of the page and saw the "security number" button. The customer service said that after the "security number" is turned on, part of the printed user information will be replaced by "*".

Users need to check the "security number" in the value-added service to enjoy the privacy face-to-face service.

Yunda Express also requires users to choose the "Privacy Face Sheet" service independently. The reporter opens the delivery page of Yunda Express applet and clicks on the column of "Value-added Services". There are options such as privacy face sheet, payment collection, and return of signature, which the user should actively check, and the default page is not to select privacy face sheet service.

On Taobao, Tik Tok and other live broadcast platforms, when reporters place an order for shopping, most of them don’t have the option of "privacy menu", and they can only hope that the shipper will choose the "privacy menu" service.

The "Privacy Sheet" in value-added services is not the default, so you need to check it actively.

The reporter also interviewed a number of consumers, most of whom said:

The reason why you don’t choose the "privacy face sheet" service is not that you don’t care about information leakage, but that you can’t find the entrance to choose the service, or you have never heard of this service at all.

Increase the risk of personal information disclosure

In the face of information "streaking" express delivery, most consumers’ awareness of self-protection is not strong.

The reporter found that on a small courier list, from the name to the contact information to the address, the information of the sender and the recipient is "at a glance". Some users will tear down the list and destroy it after receiving the courier. Users who don’t care will discard it at will. Especially during the epidemic period, after receiving the express delivery, users mostly throw the outer packaging with the face sheet outdoors for cautious reasons, so that people with ulterior motives can take advantage of it.

The absence of privacy measures for express delivery orders greatly increases the risk of disclosure of personal sensitive information.

According to media reports, a considerable number of criminals have used express delivery forms to collect personal information for various types of illegal and criminal activities. Especially during the epidemic, a large number of elderly people learned to buy daily necessities through e-commerce platforms, and this group is also the most vulnerable to telecom fraud.

Why do express delivery companies hide in the setting of "privacy list"?

In Jin Keke’s view, express delivery companies turn off the option of privacy treatment of face sheets by default, and only provide this service when users take the initiative to choose. In this way, the enterprise will transfer the obligation of privacy treatment of the face sheet to the user.

"Privacy sheets will reduce dispatch efficiency." Jin Keke said that if a courier company implements a privacy sheet, the courier needs to use a specific barcode scanner to scan the corresponding barcode in order to obtain personal information. Compared with when the private face-to-face service is not implemented, it will affect the logistics efficiency to a certain extent, so it will also affect the income of couriers.

The use of privacy sheets is also related to the cost of enterprises. Chai Shanshan, a deputy to the National People’s Congress, has also investigated this issue. He found that when the courier with the privacy sheet is delivered, the courier will have one more process to check the contact phone number in the system, which will affect the delivery efficiency. In the case of the rapid increase of express delivery, the delivery efficiency is reduced, which is bound to increase the staffing, thus increasing the cost of enterprises.

Express delivery enterprises should fulfill the obligation of encryption

The Provisional Regulations on Express Delivery stipulates that express delivery enterprises should properly keep electronic data such as user information, regularly destroy express waybills, and take effective technical measures to ensure the safety of user information.

Article 51 of the Personal Information Protection Law stipulates that personal information processors should take corresponding security technical measures such as encryption and de-identification in the process of processing personal information.

"The courier list contains personal sensitive information, and the above provisions shall apply." Jin Keke believes that according to the provisions of the Personal Information Protection Law, it is a legal obligation to encrypt and privacy user information to avoid the risk of disclosure, and express delivery companies should take the initiative to fulfill it.

"Of course, we must also consider the affordability of corporate costs." Jin Keke suggested:

On the one hand, on the basis of investigation and research, a plan is put forward as soon as possible, requiring express delivery enterprises to take practical measures to fulfill their legal obligations to avoid the disclosure of personal sensitive information; on the other hand, it is necessary to speed up research and provide relevant technical solutions to eliminate the impact of privacy sheets on logistics efficiency as much as possible.

Delegates also suggested strengthening the publicity of personal information protection and strengthening the public’s awareness of personal information security protection.

Source: Shangguan News

　　　　Recently, the International Symposium on Duan Yucai and Qing Dynasty, sponsored by the Chinese Culture Research Institute of Nanjing University and the People’s Government of Jintan City, Jiangsu Province, and undertaken by the Propaganda Department of Jintan Municipal Committee of Jiangsu Province and Jiangsu Hongde Culture Publishing Foundation, was held in Jintan City, Jiangsu Province, the hometown of Duan Yucai, which is known as a blessed land in the east of the river. During the meeting, experts and scholars attending the meeting exchanged views on Duan Yucai’s academic contribution, the Confucian tradition in Duan Zhu’s Shuowen, Duan Yucai in the perspective of ideological history, Western Sinology and Duan Yucai studies, and achieved rich academic achievements, which can be summarized as follows:

　　　　On Duan Yucai’s Linguistics and Philology

　　　　Duan Yucai’s most important academic achievement in his life was in philology, and his main achievements were concentrated in the book Notes on Explaining Words and Characters. Annotation is an important genre of ancient writing. If Xu Shen’s Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Eastern Han Dynasty focuses on revealing the original meaning of Chinese characters through their glyphs, Duan Yucai in the Qing Dynasty focuses on revealing the extended meaning of Chinese words with handed down documents. Today, we talk about the contribution of paragraph notes to semantics and lexicology, which is mainly based on the extension of paragraph notes. Duan Zhu connects the ancient and modern glyphs, pronunciations and meanings, which makes it more thoughtful.

　　　　Another important contribution of Duan Zhu is that more than 9,000 Chinese characters are placed in the new ancient phonological system, and the rhymes of each character are marked one by one. Attached to Duan’s annotated book, Liushu Phonology Table is the position system of more than 9,000 words, that is, the ancient rhyme system. Duan Yucai’s achievements in ancient phonology can be summarized into two aspects: first, he put forward a series of principles of ancient phonology, became a master of ancient phonology, and especially opened up a new way and a new method system to study the division of ancient phonology from the perspective of harmonic radicals. Second, it is divided into six categories and seventeen parts, which surpass the predecessors and enlighten the later. Duan Yucai and Dai Zhen talked about rhyme for fifteen years, which became a much-told story in academic history. After discussion, the two sides reached a consensus on the part of the three rhymes of "Zhi, Zhi and Zhi" in ancient times. However, Dai has never accepted Duan’s opinion on the separation of ancient truth and literature. Today, the division of ancient truth and literature has become a conclusion and Duan is correct.　

　　　　Another important contribution of Duan Zhu is that, in addition to pointing out the meaning relationship between the related Chinese characters in the radicals of Shuowen, Xu Shen Shuowen has become orderly and "like a text", and it has also been constantly checking instructions on the meaning-related words in the whole book, making them combined and classified.

　　　　What are the new ideas for studying paragraph notes today? To sum up, there are four kinds: one is to absorb the essence of paragraph notes to serve the compilation of contemporary dictionaries, the other is to make a deeper study of paragraph notes by using the sound and meaning of Buddhist scriptures, and the other is to use the "waste words" regulation of paragraph notes to include the study of waste words in the standardization of Chinese characters, so that the International Organization for Standardization can officially publish the Universal Multi-octet Coded Character Set (number ISO10646) as an open mode for editing.

　　　　Some scholars combine the study of Duan Zhujin’s folk characters with the study of dialect characters, which is also very innovative and valuable.

　　　　On Duan Yucai’s Confucian Classics

　　　　First, Duan’s extensive and profound primary school is the methodological support of Duan’s Confucian classics. In the early Qing Dynasty, when Gu Yanwu answered the question of what is Confucian classics, he once said, "Neo-Confucianism is also Confucian classics." That is, "there is no neo-Confucianism without Confucian classics". Similarly, we can also say that there is no Confucian classics without primary school. Duan’s primary school serves the interpretation of classics, and primary school is a tool for studying classics. Duan’s primary school is magnificent, and his achievements in Confucian classics are therefore rich. In Duan Yucai’s view, the history of Confucian classics is really a history of the logical application of pragmatic tools around the group classics, and the history of Confucian classics is a history of the annotation of Confucian classics.

　　　　The second is the language logic of reading classics in Zhou Lihan’s Reading Test (1794). Duan Yucai’s most important contribution to Zhou Lihan’s Reading Test is that he put forward the style of Han Dynasty’s annotation on Zhou Li in order to understand Zhou Li: the preface to Zhou Lihan’s reading test put forward three forms of "Chinese annotation is correct reading". Duan said: "Chinese is a note, and there are three examples: one is to read if, and the other is to read if; Second, read as, read as; Three times. " This passage, also found under the word "read" in Shuo Wen Duan Zhu, can be regarded as an independent ancient philology transferred to Confucian classics as an example of speech. Reading Ru, Reading Ruo: "Imitating its pronunciation" is used to imitate homophones and homonyms. Read for, read for: mainly used to indicate the change of meaning. When: Duan said: "A word error or a sound error is correct, all of which are called when."

　　　　The third is the meritorious service in the field of Shangshu. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was enlightening to denounce the fake ancient prose Shangshu, and Liang Qichao’s Academic Introduction in Qing Dynasty called it "one of the great liberation of sincere ideological circles". Shangshu is one of the thirteen classics, and the thirteen classics are the orthodox guiding ideology of feudal society. It is of course an impact on feudal ruling ideology to expose the forgery of Shangshu. During the Qianlong period, Duan Yucai’s research and verification of the ancient Chinese text Shangshu was of great significance to expose the aftermath of Mei’s pseudograph.　

　　　　The fourth is natural science and reading classics. Duan Yucai attaches great importance to the introduction of natural science into the Confucian Classics. Zhang Binglin’s A Review of Confucianism once said that there are fewer Thirteen Classics in Duan Yucai, and it is advisable to add Da Dai Li Ji, Mandarin, Historical Records, Han Shu, Zi Zhi Tong Jian, and Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Zhou Bian Shu Jing and Nine Chapters of Arithmetic. In this way, two of the eight classics added by Duan are mathematical books, which shows that Duan’s theory of classics attaches importance to natural science.

　　　　Fifthly, it is also worth noting that Duan Yucai’s tolerant attitude towards modern classics. Duan Yucai once asked his grandson Gong Zizhen to learn from Cheng Yaotian, a scholar of ancient Chinese classics. Later, Gong Zizhen, a scholar of Confucian classics, wrote four articles on Ming Liang, exposing the corruption of bureaucratic politics in the Qing Dynasty. When Duan Yucai was 80 years old, he read this article and praised it as "a disease in China and today" and "an outstanding one"! I don’t hate (regret) to die when I still see this. "

　　　　On Duan Yucai’s Philosophical Thought

　　　　There are many contents in the paragraph notes that are close to the philosophy of language. Generally speaking, Duan Zhu’s explanation of the righteous examples in Shuowen, the righteous examples, literary examples and regulations are all the logic of the book itself, and Duan Zhu’s invention of the book permission regulations is an extremely important content of language philosophy. The generalization of the logical and semantic order of the words received by the Ministry after the paragraph notes, and the classification and comparison of similar semantics in different radicals are typical philosophical problems of language. A series of principles of ancient phonology when divided into six categories and seventeen parts of ancient rhymes, especially the deep-seated principle and composition of "the homophonic sounds are the same, and the ancient rhymes are the same", the metalinguistic characteristics in the interpretation of the extended meanings in the paragraph notes, and the examples of the interpretation of Duan’s Confucian classics, are all philosophical problems of language.

　　　　There is a problem here, that is, the ontology of language philosophy. The ontology of China’s ancient philosophy of language is Chinese and Chinese characters. Modern cognitive linguistics also believes that the words of a national language can be used to understand the culture, thought and national spirit of the nation. Duan Yucai devoted his whole life to explaining Chinese language, revealing phonology and semantic categories, which is precisely the ontological research of language philosophy. The deeper value of this research lies in carrying forward the national cultural spirit. Whenever we study Shuo Wen Duan Zhu with awe, we are certainly attracted by the knowledge treasure in it, but what fascinates us even more is the cultural spirit of Duan Zhu’s Chinese characters, which is the spiritual implication conveyed by Duan’s explanation. Duan’s research is, in a word, the study of the meaning of language. Our study of the meaning system revealed by Duan Yucai is of general world outlook and scientific understanding significance.

　　　　In recent years, the academic circles have mentioned the modernity of traditional academics, that is, the modern transformation of traditional academics. Different fields have their own academic transformations. For example, in the above-mentioned field of linguistics and philology, from three segments: extended meanings, ancient phonology and analogical characters, from dictionary compilation, Buddhist phonology and meanings, from compiling Chinese character "attribute dictionary" to developing paragraph notes by using the "waste words" regulation of paragraph notes, and from supplementing Xu Shu and paragraph notes with ancient characters. In the field of Confucian classics, it is all aspects of modernity to construct the philosophy of language and philology of China’s ancient philosophy of language in the field of philosophy from the aspects of practical learning, style, enlightenment thought and natural science view.

　　　　The more important aspect of "modern transformation" is to inherit Duan’s rigorous and realistic academic spirit. Duan spent nearly 40 years (1776-1815) creating a book "Notes on Explaining Words", which shows that Duan’s academic and cultural spirit is the most valuable spiritual wealth.

　　　　(Author: College of Literature, Nanjing University)

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