武汉夜生活网论坛-武汉桑拿论坛-武汉狼盟-武汉耍耍网

Job seekers check the job information at the site of the "Career Guidance for the Future" 2023 National Tour Recruitment (Yinchuan Station) activity (photo taken on April 21, 2023).

Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of the national residents actually increased by 5.9%, and the income of the national residents maintained a steady growth trend. The income growth rate of rural residents continued to be faster than that of urban residents.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has continued to promote inclusive and basic people’s livelihood construction, the people’s living standards have been improved in all directions, and the people’s sense of gain has been significantly improved. The per capita disposable income of residents increased from 16,510 yuan in 2012 to 36,883 yuan in 2022. After deducting the price factor, the growth rate in 2022 was 83% higher than that in 2012, which was faster than the economic growth.

In the past 10 years, China has won the battle against poverty as scheduled and built a well-off society in an all-round way as scheduled. It has formed the largest and most growing middle-income group in the world with over 400 million people. The people’s living standards have been continuously improved. According to the standards of the United Nations, the people’s life in China has entered a relatively affluent stage.

Xinhua News Agency reporter Feng Kaihua photo

In an "employment supermarket" in Gangbei District, Guigang City, Guangxi, the staff (left) introduced the recruitment information to the people who came to consult (photo taken on November 30, 2023).

Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of the national residents actually increased by 5.9%, and the income of the national residents maintained a steady growth trend. The income growth rate of rural residents continued to be faster than that of urban residents.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has continued to promote inclusive and basic people’s livelihood construction, the people’s living standards have been improved in all directions, and the people’s sense of gain has been significantly improved. The per capita disposable income of residents increased from 16,510 yuan in 2012 to 36,883 yuan in 2022. After deducting the price factor, the growth rate in 2022 was 83% higher than that in 2012, which was faster than the economic growth.

In the past 10 years, China has won the battle against poverty as scheduled and built a well-off society in an all-round way as scheduled. It has formed the largest and most growing middle-income group in the world with over 400 million people. The people’s living standards have been continuously improved. According to the standards of the United Nations, the people’s life in China has entered a relatively affluent stage.

Xinhua News Agency reporter Cao Yuming photo

The staff of lunan district Chuxin Jiayuan odd jobs market service station in Tangshan City, Hebei Province released the recruitment information through live broadcast (photo taken on July 2, 2023).

Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of the national residents actually increased by 5.9%, and the income of the national residents maintained a steady growth trend. The income growth rate of rural residents continued to be faster than that of urban residents.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has continued to promote inclusive and basic people’s livelihood construction, the people’s living standards have been improved in all directions, and the people’s sense of gain has been significantly improved. The per capita disposable income of residents increased from 16,510 yuan in 2012 to 36,883 yuan in 2022. After deducting the price factor, the growth rate in 2022 was 83% higher than that in 2012, which was faster than the economic growth.

In the past 10 years, China has won the battle against poverty as scheduled and built a well-off society in an all-round way as scheduled. It has formed the largest and most growing middle-income group in the world with over 400 million people. The people’s living standards have been continuously improved. According to the standards of the United Nations, the people’s life in China has entered a relatively affluent stage.

Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Yushe

In a farmer’s market in Nanning, Guangxi, consumers buy vegetables (photo taken on April 11, 2023).

Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of the national residents actually increased by 5.9%, and the income of the national residents maintained a steady growth trend. The income growth rate of rural residents continued to be faster than that of urban residents.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has continued to promote inclusive and basic people’s livelihood construction, the people’s living standards have been improved in all directions, and the people’s sense of gain has been significantly improved. The per capita disposable income of residents increased from 16,510 yuan in 2012 to 36,883 yuan in 2022. After deducting the price factor, the growth rate in 2022 was 83% higher than that in 2012, which was faster than the economic growth.

In the past 10 years, China has won the battle against poverty as scheduled and built a well-off society in an all-round way as scheduled. It has formed the largest and most growing middle-income group in the world with over 400 million people. The people’s living standards have been continuously improved. According to the standards of the United Nations, the people’s life in China has entered a relatively affluent stage.

Xinhua News Agency reporter Lu Boan photo

Xu Xiyun, a villager from Xiyanxing Village, Dawu Township, took care of small tomatoes in the nursery center of Hutuo River high-end facility vegetable demonstration zone in Pingshan County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province (photo taken on November 25, 2023).

Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of the national residents actually increased by 5.9%, and the income of the national residents maintained a steady growth trend. The income growth rate of rural residents continued to be faster than that of urban residents.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has continued to promote inclusive and basic people’s livelihood construction, the people’s living standards have been improved in all directions, and the people’s sense of gain has been significantly improved. The per capita disposable income of residents increased from 16,510 yuan in 2012 to 36,883 yuan in 2022. After deducting the price factor, the growth rate in 2022 was 83% higher than that in 2012, which was faster than the economic growth.

In the past 10 years, China has won the battle against poverty as scheduled and built a well-off society in an all-round way as scheduled. It has formed the largest and most growing middle-income group in the world with over 400 million people. The people’s living standards have been continuously improved. According to the standards of the United Nations, the people’s life in China has entered a relatively affluent stage.

Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Yuhua photo

The person in charge of the enterprise obtained the business license in the one-stop service platform for small and medium-sized enterprises in Wuxing District, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province (photo taken on February 8, 2023).

Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of the national residents actually increased by 5.9%, and the income of the national residents maintained a steady growth trend. The income growth rate of rural residents continued to be faster than that of urban residents.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has continued to promote inclusive and basic people’s livelihood construction, the people’s living standards have been improved in all directions, and the people’s sense of gain has been significantly improved. The per capita disposable income of residents increased from 16,510 yuan in 2012 to 36,883 yuan in 2022. After deducting the price factor, the growth rate in 2022 was 83% higher than that in 2012, which was faster than the economic growth.

In the past 10 years, China has won the battle against poverty as scheduled and built a well-off society in an all-round way as scheduled. It has formed the largest and most growing middle-income group in the world with over 400 million people. The people’s living standards have been continuously improved. According to the standards of the United Nations, the people’s life in China has entered a relatively affluent stage.

Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Yushe

How to play football is something that beginners want to study hard. If you want to play football well, you should mainly practice hard. Only by persistence can you play football more professionally. However, before playing football, you need to exercise first, including running and walking, and then learn the essentials of football. You can really learn to play football according to the rules, but there are many rules of playing football, so just remember the essentials.

Playing football is a good exercise. Before playing football, you should exercise well and prepare clothes and shoes for playing football. Appropriate clothes and shoes are essential equipment. If you don’t wear them properly, you will be more likely to get injured. We are all ready. Let’s briefly introduce the essentials and contact methods of playing football, hoping to help you play football.

Top ball refers to the technical action that the athlete touches the ball continuously with all effective parts of his body and controls it so that the ball does not land as much as possible. Topping the ball is a kind of practice means for athletes to be familiar with the ball, so as to enhance the elasticity of the ball. Weight, spin and touch the ball, the feeling of hard and light collar when hitting the ball.

Technical action essentials

1. Foot-to-toe ball: the foot swings forward and upward, and hits the ball with the instep. When hitting the ball, the ankle joint is fixed and the lower part of the ball is hit. Two feet can hit the ball alternately, or one foot can support and the other foot can hit the ball continuously. When hitting the ball evenly, keep the ball around your body all the time.

2. Inside and outside of both feet: lift your legs and bend your knees, swing up with the inside or outside of your feet, and hit the ball at the lower part of the ball alternately with the inside or outside of your feet.

3。 Hip ball: lift your legs and bend your knees, and hit the lower part of the ball upward with the middle and front part of the thigh. Both legs can alternately hit the ball, or you can support it with one foot and hit the ball continuously with the thigh on the other side.

4. Head ball: the feet are open, the knees are slightly flexed, and the lower part of the ball is continuously topped with the forehead. When heading the ball, keep your eyes on the ball and your arms open naturally to maintain your balance.

5. Continuous dribbling of each part: According to the above-mentioned single-dribbling technique, it is more difficult to match each part with continuous dribbling. The parts of the ball are instep, medial foot, lateral foot, thigh, head, chest, shoulders and so on.

Easy to make mistakes

L. when the foot hits the ball, the ankle joint is slack, resulting in unstable exertion.

2. When hitting the ball, the toes hook down or up, causing the ball to touch the body forward or backward after being stressed, making it difficult to control the ball.

3. Other parts of the body are not relaxed enough when bouncing the ball, so that the movements are stiff.

4. When the head bounces the ball, the leg, body and neck are not coordinated, only relying on the neck.

Example of practice method

1. One person, one ball: experience the time, position, power and coordination of the whole action of touching the ball.

2. Two people with one ball: touch the ball with the instep, thighs, head and all parts of the body, master the power of touching the ball and try not to let the ball fall to the ground. Everyone can touch the ball once and bounce it to the other side, or touch the ball many times and bounce each other.

3. A group of four or five people, with two balls in the circle: you can specify the number and position of each person touching the ball, and you can also freely master the number and position of touching the ball. Pay attention to the observation when bouncing the ball to prevent two balls from bouncing to the same partner at the same time.

Everyone knows how to play football, but remember to pay attention to safety. There are many people who play football, and they are very tired when running. It is easy to get injured. If you are injured, you should seek medical attention in time. You must not continue playing football until the injury has fully recovered. After all, the premise of exercise is to be healthy.

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China women’s football missed the Paris Olympic Games: China’s football failed. China women’s football finally ranked third in the group B of the women’s Asian regional qualifiers for the Paris Olympic Games, and ended up out together with the Korean women’s football. This failure is not only the failure of women’s football in China, but also the failure of football in China.

Song Kai, the new president of China Football Association, shouted that the first goal after taking office was to ensure that China women’s football team could advance to the Paris Olympic Games, but now he can’t even qualify for the group stage, which makes people question his leadership. Song Kai strengthened the leadership team after taking office, trying to make China women’s football team stand in the world football. However, this failure made people question his leadership.

Football is a team sport that needs more professional management and more competitive players. China’s football needs to change in order to gain a foothold in the world football. The outcome has long been doomed. As early as the loss to the Korean women’s football team, the qualifying situation of the China women’s football team has been decided. Even if the China women’s football team won the Korean women’s football team, it still missed the best second place.

This defeat was a great loss of face for the players of China women’s football team, and many people didn’t even have a chance to make up for it. After the game, many women football players in China shed tears, and the girls were very unwilling to lose in the Xie Chang session of the whole team. Perhaps the lack of sufficient competitiveness has shattered the dream of China women’s football team. The Olympic Games is one of the top events in the world, and every country will send the best athletes to participate.

China women’s football team needs more time and energy to improve its own level in order to have better results. In the group match, the Uzbek women’s football team beat the Indian women’s football team 3-0, and became the second best team with 6 points and 2 goal difference, and advanced to the next stage together with the Australian women’s football team, the Korean women’s football team and the Japanese women’s football team.

Uzbekistan’s women’s football team made China’s women’s football team desperate to the end, and people had to sigh the failure of China’s women’s football team. In a word, the China women’s football team missed the Paris Olympic Games, which is the failure of China football and Song Kai. China’s football needs to be changed, with more professional management and more competitive players, in order to gain a foothold in the world football.

I hope that China Women’s Football Team can learn from this failure and make persistent efforts to achieve better results in future competitions.

In the final of the 2022 Women’s Asian Cup, after falling behind 0: 2 in the first half, Tang Jiali and Zhang Linyan scored tenaciously to equalize the score. Xiao Yuyi scored the winner in injury time. China women’s football team won 3-2, and stood on the top of Asia again after 16 years, and was crowned the ninth Asian Cup champion.

The ball is coming, beautiful! Xiao yuyi.

In 2009, Premier League Manchester United took the seat at Old Trafford, which ushered in the challenge of Manchester City, the city’s sworn enemy. This is a contest in which Tevez turns his back on his enemy and throws himself into the city, plus controversial penalties, midfield lore and other dramatic exciting elements of football. With Owen’s stoppage time goal, Manchester United beat Manchester City 4-3, and was later selected as "the best game in the Premier League in 20 years" by Premier League officials, which is far behind Manchester United today.

In the 2006 World Cup, Argentina swept Montenegro 6-0. Cambiaso, who came off the bench, took over Crespo and tapped his heel to expand his lead. You should know that this ball is a team cooperation that has been scored by a total of 24 wonderful passes, which is a classic in the history of the World Cup.

Fenerbahce and his arch-rival Besiktas met in the Turkish Cup. In the match, Van Persie had an argument with the opposing defender Tossici, and his slightly exaggerated actions led to the latter being sent off, which angered the fans at home and began to insult Van Persie. Then Van Persie scored a goal that sealed the victory for the team. After the goal, Van Persie made a provocative celebration in front of Besiktas captain Ozyakup. After the game, the Turkish Football Association suspended the two men respectively. Football name picture (28).

At 0: 00 a.m. Beijing time on November 3rd, after the China women’s football team was confirmed to miss the Paris Olympic Games, Beijing Youth Daily reported on it. They said that Song Kai, president of the China Football Association, watched the live broadcast of the women’s football match between China and South, and had a very clear understanding of the current problems and difficulties faced by the women’s football team in China. Such reports also caused great controversy and discussion.

"Song Kai watched the live broadcast of the women’s football match between China and South Korea," wrote Beijing Youth Daily. Prior to this, he also went to the scene to watch the first round of China-DPRK women’s football match in the Olympic preliminaries at this stage.

The new head of China Women’s Football Association has a very clear understanding of the current problems and difficulties. China Football Association will also join hands with representatives from all aspects of women’s football field to conduct in-depth research and communication to discuss the future of women’s football in China. "

From the report of Beijing Youth Daily, we can see that Song Kai had a clear understanding of the team’s problems by watching the women’s football match in China. Although the media did not disclose more information, their report not only made China football a joke, but also attracted a lot of fans’ condemnation.

A goal said, "You can have a clear understanding after watching a game, Niu, don’t you talk nonsense?" Some fans also said: "These reporters have a profound knowledge of writing, and they understand it all the time. He knows it is useless. How can it help?" Onlookers said they were looking forward to it. "

Of course, some fans said: "Football professionals have not understood the whole thing for decades. He knows everything after watching a game. This is not a genius." "The somebody else’s head coach all dare not say understand, see a didn’t even see the complete game to understand? Who believes this? "

A new version of AI analysis, real-time update of the latest data, such as Poisson distribution method, Margin model, Bernoulli’s law of large numbers and other big data analysis, high efficiency, accurate algorithm!

In football analysis, no one can guarantee a 100% winning rate. However, AI can increase its chances of winning by continuous learning, improvement and adaptation. Focus on long-term analysis strategies and treat every decision with a steady and firm attitude.

Extremely popular journalist Xu Ping.

On the evening of September 12th, 2023, the 2023 International Football Friendly Tournament was held at the Phoenix Mountain Professional Football Stadium in Chengdu. Compared with the Malaysian team, the China men’s soccer team had a good attitude, but the strength was not enough for them to score goals. In the end, it lost to the Syrian team 0-1, which was the first time that the national football team lost to its opponent in the warm-up match.

In the last World War I with Malaysia, the national football team scored a goal first, and with the help of Lin Liangming’s long-range shot from the front of the restricted area, it drew 1-1 with its opponent. At the last moment of the game, the national football team needlessly dropped the ball in the backcourt, which aroused the dissatisfaction of the fans on the scene and sent a burst of boos, thinking that they were "not enterprising".

In this game, the attitude of the national football team has been greatly improved, and it has done its best at both ends of attack and defense. At the press conference before the game, jankovic and Wu Lei both expressed their hope for the fans to fight for the next victory.

yan junling

Compared with Malaysia, which ranks 136th in the world, Syria, which ranks 94th, is stronger, and the national football team is not sure of winning. In the first half, the two sides drew 0-0. Yi bian fought again, and the two sides continued to fall into a dogfight. In the 58th minute, Kruma suddenly shot an arrow in the back. Although Yan Junling flew to save the ball at the first time, the ball went straight into the net in a dead corner, leaving China behind 0-1. In fact, before this, the Syrian team had scored a goal, but after the intervention of VAR, it was ruled that the offside goal was invalid.

After the score fell behind, the national football team’s offensive became more prosperous, but it was still unable to score goals. In the end, the national football team had to accept the result of failure. At the press conference after the match, jankovic, the head coach of the national football team, commented on the match: After the match with Malaysia, I asked the players to improve their pace and energy. Today is bad luck, we didn’t win the game, and of course we fought very hard. We tried many changes and worked hard in the end. We can’t say that we didn’t have a chance in the end, but we were unlucky and didn’t score in the end.

In response to a reporter’s choice of goalkeeper, jankovic said that he can only say congratulations on Syria’s world wave, which neither Yan Junling nor Wang Dalei could reach there. Jankovic also said that it was a competitive game and collected useful information for the future. Congratulations to the Syrian team, which also fought hard and won the away game. We must have struggled to lose at home, and now we can only look on the positive side and continue to work hard.

(Source: Xinhua News Agency data map)

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Compared with celebrities and online celebrity, the street shooting style is more suitable for ordinary people, and there will be no sense of gap after the network returns to reality. The practical and easy-to-use way of wearing has saved many ordinary girls from dressing difficulties.

See the city street shooting and taste the trend culture.. Taiwan Province has a combination of Chinese and Western culture, and is deeply influenced by it in fashion. Walking on the streets of Taiwan Province, you will find that local girls are very good at dressing themselves.

One of the most typical is"clothes missing"Wear it, mix autumn and winter clothes with summer items, and the shape presented is warm and fashionable, which is very eye-catching ~

First, unlock the "missing clothes" to make the winter style more fashionable.

① Emphasize the sense of style contrast between the upper and lower items, and the modeling is more layered.

In fact, the wearing method of "missing clothes" is not strange, that is, it is to combine items from two different seasons.The silhouette of the garment covers the bottom garment, giving people a visual sense of "no bottom garment"Further, it emphasizes the style attributes of the upper and lower items, and the overall shape is more fashionable and layered. In autumn and winter, the return rate is 100%.

(2) increase the exposed skin area of legs to achieve the effect of height and thinness.

The most taboo in autumn and winter is to dress too bloated, and it is easy to feel very tacky if you are fat. And the "missing clothes" wearing methodRelieves the heavy feeling visually., and increases the exposed skin area below the thigh, which has the effects of showing height, slimming and leg length.Improve the fashion of modeling and optimize the proportion of the body..

(3) abandoned the bloated winter styling, wearing more fashionable and eye-catching.

From the fashion point of view, the "missing clothes" wearing method not only abandons the bloated feeling, but also gives people a refreshing feeling. Some people may ask whether this way of wearing will be too cold, but it won’t. You can choose trench coats, coats and even down jackets for the upper body.It only increases a certain exposed skin area, and the warm-keeping work is still in place.

First, to achieve the "lower body missing" wearing method, choosing the right item is the key.

01. The length of the coat should skip the crotch, and the version should be loose.

In order to achieve the "missing clothes" wearing method, it is very important to choose the right clothing item. The length of the coat must skip the crotch, and it must have the effect of covering the bottom; And the version should be slightly looser, mainly in silhouette, and the meat cover is also thinner.

for exampleSuit, windbreaker, coat or down jacketThey are all recommended tops.It increases the internal space allowance and can cover the lower body well.

02. The bottoms should not be longer than thighs, and should not be too bloated and fluffy.

For the choice of bottom garment, its length must not be too long, otherwise it is necessary to increase the length of the garment to realize the "missing bottom garment" wearing method.The length of the bottom fitting should not exceed the thigh, and it is better to cover the hip and hip position; And the version should not be too bloated, if it is a little self-cultivation..

for exampleShort skirts, shorts and short seamless pantsAll of them can form a "missing clothes" wearing method with different styles of tops, making the shape warm, fashionable and slim.

Third, Taiwan Province girls’ demonstration of "missing clothes" and interpretation of different styles.

(1) suit+shorts, with loafers elegant and fashionable.

Combining the silhouette suit with the ultra shorts, the length of the suit completely covers the ultra shorts, and only the legs are exposed to achieve the effect of being tall and thin. Suits can choose casual styles with ribbon elements, and it is more fashionable to abandon the sense of formality; Paired with a pair of loafers and stockings, it looks intellectual and stylish.

(2) leather+short skirt, fabric attributes echo more advanced.

The upper body is matched with a leather coat, and the lower body is matched with a leather skirt and boots. The fabrics of the upper and lower items echo each other, and the leather fabrics are selected, which improves the overall coordination of modeling and also highlights the beautiful and elegant side of women. A blouse can brighten the vision with bright colors and add more feminine colors.

(3) windbreaker+short skirt, wearing the same color is higher.

"windbreaker+short skirt" is more suitable for girls who are taller and more temperament. Next, with long boots, use the same color principle to stretch the vision vertically, and then enlarge the figure advantage, highlighting the tall figure, slim and tall, and looking simple and advanced!

(The picture is from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please delete it.)

Source: Global Times

German "Economic Weekly" December 7 article, original title: China responded to the car tsunami in this wayChina is already the largest automobile manufacturer and exporter in the world. Nevertheless, the production capacity of BYD, Weilai, Geely and other manufacturers is too large for the domestic market. The latest satellite images show that there is a bigger plan behind it. China hopes to inject millions of cars, especially electric cars, into the global market in the next few years.

At present, the main reason why this plan is blocked is that it is difficult for China cars to be shipped abroad. Most importantly, they lack the necessary means of automobile transportation, that is, ro-ro ships. There are more than 700 such ships in the world, of which less than 100 are operated by China. According to the China Shipbuilding Industry Association, only about 10 ships are suitable for ocean transportation.

According to the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), by 2026, China Shipyard will build about 200 new ro-ro ships, 76 of which will be built for customers in China. Today, large ro-ro ships can usually accommodate 7000 to 9000 cars.

Another sign of the car tsunami can also be found in the port of China. Recently, a large area of the port has been transformed into a new car loading parking lot. This development is most obvious in the Pearl River Delta, where an island has been transformed into a large export parking lot.

Port and logistics companies are also trying to find creative ways out. For example, they use special standard containers, and three or four cars can be nested and stacked. This is not enough. COSCO Shipping Group has developed special shelves, which can stack vehicles together and transport them by ordinary bulk carriers. These ships are now transporting logs for China from Europe and transporting China cars to Europe on their return journey.

In order to overcome the bottleneck at sea, in 2022, COSCO Shipping Special Transportation established Guangzhou Yuanhai Automobile Shipping Co., Ltd. jointly with Shanghai Port Logistics and SAIC Anji Logistics to better help China automobile to enter the global market. (Author Thomas Stozel, translated by Aoki)

In June, 2022, the Beijing News Book Review Weekly and Cultural Living Room joined hands with Century Wenjing to jointly launch the theme activity "Going back to the time and going to the scene: the gaze and writing of history". When the stagnant time restarts, we take "history" as a method to reposition ourselves. 5 online activities, 12 famous guests, spanning history and stories, fields and texts, art and archaeology.

In the third session of the series, Yu Yunguo, a professor at the School of Humanities of Shanghai Normal University, and Lin Hu, an associate researcher at the Institute of Ancient History of the China Academy of Social Sciences, shared the theme of "Accident and Inevitability Behind the Rise and Fall of Northern Song Society". Speaking of the Song Dynasty, Chen Yinque once praised: "The culture of the Chinese nation has evolved for thousands of years and reached its peak in the Zhao and Song Dynasties." Then, how did it turn from prosperity to decline in the middle and late period, and it struggled in internal and external worries?

Looking back at the history of the Northern Song Dynasty, we will find that: internally, the traditional characteristics of attaching importance to civil administration in the Northern Song Dynasty are distinct, and Wang Anshi’s political reform was even more turbulent; Externally, it has been confronted with Liao and Xixia for a long time, and the interactive game between them is intriguing. When we get rid of the historical fog and return to the historical scene, the possibilities and inevitability in the historical process are worth pondering. At the same time, we may also be able to reflect on the development and evolution of the historical research concepts behind it.

"The interpretation of history is diverse." During the dialogue, Yu Yunguo and Lin Gu repeatedly emphasized this proposition. So, what does this "diversity" mean? For the public, it has long been a cliche that the same historical event can be explained from different angles, but despite being mentioned many times, when facing the specific historical context, one-dimensional interpretation still prevails. In Yu Yunguo’s view, this kind of "pluralism" actually means that there is no so-called "inevitable historical process", which is particularly evident in the social rise and fall of the Northern Song Dynasty.

As far as historical events are concerned, "pluralism" means opening to complex dynamics, and it needs to be studied from different angles to fully present it. Why is it said that the alliance of Chanyuan in the history of the Northern Song Dynasty may be "unyielding but not humiliating"? And how should we view the relationship between Qingli New Deal and Wang Anshi’s political reform?

As far as individuals in history are concerned, "diversity" also means facing up to the complexity of people. Sima Guang, who finished the famous historian Zi Zhi Tong Jian, is a great historian, but from the perspective of politicians, how should we evaluate his image? Song Shenzong’s likes and dislikes in the battle of Yongle City are well known, but above the court, he also has a mature side as a king.

"Going back to the historical process, what we should learn is a kind of compromise and balance." Yu Yunguo said frankly, only in this way can the so-called political wisdom finally turn into a kind of wisdom, and truly feed back the individual’s life. Lin Gu also said that only by looking at one’s life through political history can one truly touch the contingency and inevitability in the historical process.

Foreign relations in the Northern Song Dynasty: the alliance of Chanyuan was "unyielding but not humiliating", and the celebration of the calendar increased money or became a watershed.

In the political history of the Northern Song Dynasty, how to deal with its own relationship with Liao and Xixia has always been controversial. According to traditional historiography, since the beginning of the alliance of Chanyuan, the Northern Song Dynasty seems to have opened its humiliating road to peace. However, in recent years, many historians have called for a re-evaluation of the historical significance of the alliance of Chanyuan. In the dialogue, Lin Huan believed that the alliance of Chanyuan was actually "unyielding and not humiliating".

League of Chanyuan: In 1005, the Northern Song Dynasty signed a contract with Liao. Song and Liao were brotherly countries, with Baigou River as the border. Song provided Liao with 102,000 silver and 200,000 silks (in fact, they were old coins) every year. After more than a hundred years, there was no large-scale war between Song and Liao.

Lin Gu mentioned that in the initial confrontation between the Song and Liao Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty was not necessarily inferior. As far as the comparison of military strength between the two sides is concerned, the Liao army at that time actually avoided Song Jun’s main force and went around to the Yellow River. There was no large-scale military conflict between the two sides along the way, and the comparison of combat strength lacked intuitive presentation. On the other hand, Song also prepared for the decisive battle with Liao, and the speculation that Song people abandoned the city and fled in the traditional interpretation is open to question.

Then, back to the historical context, do people really think that the alliance of Chanyuan is a shame? By combing the relevant historical materials, Lin Gu found that Song Zhenzong and most courtiers were actually very satisfied with this, which ended the chaotic war situation in the north for more than 200 years and re-entered a new stage of relative stability. This also explains the original intention of the "Book of Heaven" in the near future, and the whole country celebrated a long-lost peace. It was not that the Song Dynasty tried to show the superiority of the cultural level through ritual activities because it thought that the alliance of the Yuan Dynasty was humiliated. Although this activity gradually went out of shape, it consumed a lot of financial and material resources and became a farce.

"Celestial Book" Sacrifice: Since 1008, Song Zhenzong has carried out a decade-long "Celestial Book" sacrifice activity, with a grand ceremony to seal Mount Tai to the east, and then went to Shanxi to worship the afterlife.

Song Zhenzong statue, the third emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Lin Hu added that only by fine-tuning the judgment of the alliance of Chanyuan and other events can we deeply understand the social mood in the late Song Dynasty. After the signing of the Covenant, the illusion of permanent peace pervaded the Song people for a long time, so that after hitting the cold reality in the later period, they still couldn’t come back.

In this regard, Yu Yunguo recognized the rationality and progressive significance of the alliance at the initial stage, but he also mentioned that the interpretation of political history needs to be cut from multiple levels. Taking the sacrifice of "Tianshu" as an example, in addition to "celebrating peace", the rhetoric of the alliance under the city will inevitably stir up Song Zhenzong’s emotions, which makes the sacrifice itself contain the meaning of psychological compensation. In addition, it was obvious that the Great Song Dynasty at that time also hoped to improve its position in the East Asian political circle, which constituted another aspect of the "sacred book".

So, from a long-term historical perspective, what is the impact of the alliance of Eton on the foreign relations of the Northern Song Dynasty?

According to historical records, the alliance of Chanyuan actually ushered in new changes soon. During the period of Song Renzong, when Song and Xia became hostile, Liao took advantage of the fire to propose to increase the annual currency on the basis of the alliance of Chanyuan, and the Northern Song Dynasty finally compromised, which was called "increasing the currency by celebrating the calendar" in history. Traditional historiography holds that the revision of this agreement brought the three regimes of Song, Liao and Xixia back into balance. However, in Lin Gu’s view, the increase of coins in Qingli was more like a watershed in the political history of the Northern Song Dynasty, but it actually broke the previous relative pattern.

Song Renzong in film and television dramas. Song Renzong was the fourth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. During his reign, the Northern Song Dynasty and Xia signed a "Qingli Peace Negotiation" to increase the annual currency to Liao, and later appointed Fan Zhongyan and others to carry out the "Qingli New Deal".

Lin Gu noticed that the transformation of this relative pattern originated from words. On the one hand, in the alliance of Chanyuan, it was equal help to pay the old coins in the name of "help" in the North Song Dynasty, but this expression was replaced by "Na" in the increase of coins in Qingli, and the position of the word difference was very different. On the other hand, half of the increased 200,000-year-old coins came from Liao in the Song Dynasty, asking the latter to come forward and subdue Xixia’s "hard work". This move essentially broke the original equal relationship between Song and Liao Dynasties.

"This is equivalent to the Liao Dynasty completely becoming the boss, while the Song Dynasty became the younger brother who needed to seek asylum."

Yu Yunguo affirmed Lin Gu’s observation. He thought that it was a new viewpoint in the history of history of the Northern Song Dynasty to regard the increase of coins in the Qing Dynasty as a watershed. This judgment was helpful to re-examine the internal turning point of politics in the Northern Song Dynasty, which gradually took root in the people’s ideas and evolved into a long-lasting "fear of Liao" that permeated the ruling and opposition parties in the Northern Song Dynasty, and even had the same origin as the "fear of gold" in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, Yu Yunguo also suggested that the relationship among Song, Liao and Xixia should be viewed as a whole in the context of internal and external interaction, which was also continuously influenced by the internal political and social trends of the Northern Song Dynasty.

The internal affairs reform in the Northern Song Dynasty: The Qing Li New Deal laid the groundwork, but Wang Anshi’s political reform was powerless.

In the late Northern Song Dynasty, a series of persistent ailments appeared in the social process, which made the political reform imperative. However, whether it was Qingli New Deal or Wang Anshi’s political reform, these attempts failed to reverse the decline of Song Dynasty from prosperity to decline. Tracing back to the source, people often blame Wang Anshi for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Gaozong even said in the Southern Song Dynasty: "The chaos in the world was born in Anshi." In this regard, Yu Yunguo believes that although Wang Anshi’s political performance in the process of political reform needs to be discussed, Wang Anshi’s political reform should be affirmed on the whole.

In Yu Yunguo’s view, on the one hand, in terms of the background of the times, Wang Anshi’s political reform is very necessary. With the easing of the political crisis in Song, Liao and Xixia countries, as well as the civil mutiny, Fan Zhongyan’s Qingli New Deal was pressed to pause. However, the deep-seated social problems have not been eradicated, which became the premise of Wang Anshi’s political reform.

On the other hand, the final failure of the political reform was influenced by many factors. The difficulty lies in the cooperation with the members of the class while damaging the vested interests, which determines that the political reform itself must need the support from Song Shenzong. "Simply attributing the problem to Wang Anshi is actually going beyond the original problem to talk about another problem. In the final analysis, there is a problem with the way of thinking."

In addition, the traditional view holds that Wang Anshi’s political reform was the beginning of party struggle in the Northern Song Dynasty. Lin Gu said that in fact, the atmosphere of party struggle in the Northern Song Dynasty had been formed before the Qingli New Deal, and the party disputes represented by Fan Zhongyan and Lv Yijian were once raging. However, today’s people are more willing to attribute the beginning of party struggle to Wang Anshi’s political reform. First, Wang Anshi’s influence on the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty is more lasting. Second, during the Qingli New Deal, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu and others were the main force of party struggle. Later in life, they denied their earlier personal opinions, but Wang Anshi was involved in the party struggle for a long time and even became more and more intense.

Although the party struggle was particularly obvious in the political history of the Song Dynasty in general, Yu Yunguo suggested that this phenomenon was actually an unavoidable problem in the study of the ancient autocratic monarchy. In his view, the actual operation of absolute monarchy depends on the support of the bureaucratic system of scholar-officials. In this process, it is almost an unavoidable choice for scholar-officials to win the favor of the monarch in order to better carry out their political opinions.

In order to ensure the effective combination of the autocratic monarchy system and the bureaucratic system of scholar-officials, the system of "remonstrating with officials" was initiated in the Song Dynasty, and this system once reached the best operation state in the middle and early Song Dynasty. But since Wang Anshi’s political reform, the operation of this system has gradually deteriorated. In order to promote the political reform, Wang Anshi pushed out all the Taiwan remonstrators who criticized the new law. Since then, Taiwan’s remonstrance officer, an outsider who used to act as a supervisor and constraint, has become a puppet following the political opinions of the minister in charge. Yu Yunguo said that with the disappearance of the impartiality and objectivity of the whole platform remonstrance system in the Northern Song Dynasty, extreme emotional confrontation and empty political ideas became the keynote of talking in court, which gradually aggravated the sense of crisis in the internal affairs of the Song Dynasty.

Individuals in the historical process: multiple explanations point to the complexity of people themselves.

As far as the change of internal affairs and diplomacy in the Northern Song Dynasty is concerned, the pluralistic interpretation of history always calls for different judgments on the same event. For individuals in the historical process, pluralism often points to the complexity of people themselves. How should future generations evaluate the limitations of individuals in the great era? In the conversation between Yu Yunguo and Lin Gu, both of them think that our understanding of historical figures today may be far from enough.

For example, Sima Guang, who presided over the "Genghua of Yuan You", as a historian, made outstanding contributions in compiling Zi Zhi Tong Jian, but as the first minister of political reform in the late Northern Song Dynasty, it is worth discussing. After Sima Guang came to power, he tried to completely abolish the original exemption law within five days. "This kind of quick success and instant benefit is really not a decision that a politician will make."

Yuan Yougeng: During the period of Song Zhezong (the seventh emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty), the old party headed by Sima Guang overthrew Wang Anshi’s political reform and restored the old legal system.

Exemption law: a law promulgated by Wang Anshi during the political reform period, in which the corvee can be exempted from the corvee at the expense of the government.

When it comes to the political history of the Northern Song Dynasty, the evaluation of Song Shenzong has always been controversial. What is the historical position of the emperor who wanted to do something most in the Northern Song Dynasty after Song Taizu? Yu Yunguo analyzed the emperor’s complexity by taking the opening of Xihe River as an example. During the Song Shenzong period, with the support of Prime Minister Wang Anshi and presided over by Wang Shao, the Song Dynasty successively recovered six states, namely Dang, Dui, Taohe, Min, He and Lin (Xi), which was called "Xihe River opens the border" in history. However, this sport, which now seems to be strategically desirable and has achieved good results, is actually suspicious in the end.

Lin Gu also said that the problem of opening the Xihe River lies in Song Shenzong’s wrong expectation of this strategy, which he tried to make Xixia be attacked between Scylla and Charybdis, and to destroy Xixia in one fell swoop to achieve reunification. However, after the Northern Song Dynasty suffered successive defeats in Lingzhou and Yongle City, Song Shenzong turned a blind eye and remained immersed in the illusion of the destruction of Xixia.

Song Shenzong statue. Song Shenzong, the sixth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty.

In contrast, Song Shenzong was totally different when dealing with the relationship with Liao. When confronting the Liao army, its arrogance in the face of Xixia was completely replaced by the fear of being afraid of everything. In other words, "Liao phobia" seems to be particularly prominent in Song Shenzong. Yu Yunguo analyzed that in the issue of Liao, Song Shenzong actually showed a "humble" attitude, but this mentality imbalance was unexpectedly rebalanced on the Xixia issue. When facing Xixia, he seemed to be the superior who felt good about himself. The more polarized one end is, the opposite end will gallop in the opposite direction. This is an incomprehensible behavior to others, and the parties actually get psychological compensation and balance from it.

| Extended reading |

Water Margin for Song Dynasty

Author: Yu Yunguo

Press: Century Wenjing | Shanghai People’s Publishing House

Worry: Border Affairs, Party Struggle and Politics in Northern Song Dynasty

Author: Lin gue

Press: Century Wenjing | Shanghai People’s Publishing House

Finishing/Shen Lu

Editor/Lv Wanting

Proofreading/Liu Jun