CCTV News:Rainwater is the key period for Koharu management and Da Chun preparation for farming. Recently, the temperature has risen, and various agricultural production is under way in Jiangsu, Guizhou and Sichuan.

　　Huai ‘an, Jiangsu Province: Strengthening wheat field management to prevent "late spring cold"

　　As the temperature rises, wheat in Jiangsu Province will turn green, get up and jointing from south to north. However, the weather changes in rainy season, and there will be cold waves from time to time. The warm and cold weather is unfavorable for the growth of crops such as wheat. In Huai ‘an, Jiangsu and other places, agricultural technology experts went to the fields to guide farmers to focus on preventing the "late spring cold" freezing injury that may occur after wheat jointing.

　　Sihong, Jiangsu: Don’t miss the busy watermelon seedling raising in greenhouse during farming season.

　　In this watermelon planting cooperative in Yaogou Township, Sihong County, Jiangsu Province, melon farmers are busy carrying, watering and planting seedlings recently.

　　There are more than 10 grafting workers like Chen Lijuan in the cooperative, and they can graft 30,000 to 40,000 watermelon seedlings a day. Ordinary watermelon can’t be planted with continuous cropping, but after grafting watermelon seedlings on gourd seedlings, it can not only realize continuous cropping, but also resist Fusarium wilt and improve yield. It is by this grafting technique that high-quality watermelon seedlings can achieve "early spring", ensure listing in April and May, and help melon farmers increase their income and get rich.

　　Bijie, Guizhou Province: Nursery, topdressing and pruning people are diligent in spring and seize the day.

　　In Bijie, Guizhou, fruit farmers in Baohe Community of Lishu Town are taking advantage of the dormancy of fruit trees in early spring to topdress, weed and prune pear trees, and strive for a bumper harvest this year. In the rose planting base in Qingshan Village, Xiangshui Township, flower farmers are busy pruning and fertilizing roses by households. The villager Long Jinfen’s family planted more than 10 acres of roses. In 2020, the output value of roses in her family exceeded 3,000 yuan.

　　Shiqian, Guizhou: People are busy with early spring ploughing and production.

　　Fengxing Vegetable and Fruit Cooperative in Qunfeng Village, Guorong Township, Shiqian County, Guizhou Province adopts the "Orchard Plus" interplanting mode to make full use of land resources. At present, more than 200 acres of fruit trees have been planted here, and various seasonal vegetables such as cabbage and pepper have been interplanted in the meantime. During the Spring Festival holiday this year, many staff members came to the cooperative early and began to prepare for spring ploughing.

　　Zitong, Sichuan: UAV helps prevent and control 170,000 mu of rape pests and diseases.

　　In Zitong County, Sichuan Province, due to the rapid warming of the weather, the flowering period of rape is advanced, and it is now in the critical period of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum prevention and control. However, a large number of young and middle-aged people in rural areas are working outside the home and celebrating the New Year on the spot, and there is a shortage of labor. During the Spring Festival, Zitong County Plant Protection UAV Brigade worked overtime and went to all parts of the county to carry out flight defense operations.

　　According to the staff, compared with the traditional manual pesticide control, the labor force and drug cost per mu of flying prevention work are reduced by 45%, which not only ensures the safety of oil production, but also alleviates the problem of rural labor shortage.

　　Summer of the Band is a hit. In the three months since the program was broadcast, 70,000 netizens rushed into Douban and scored 8.7 points for it. Baidu’s search index peaked at over 845,000, which was basically the highest among variety shows in the first half of the year. In the first 11 issues of the program, a total of 233 hot search lists were occupied in the whole network; It also produced more than 14,000 media reports … … All these data show that in this summer, the bands conquered the audience with musicality and personal charm.

　　Summer of the Band really ignited this "summer". Recently, the producer Ma Dong, the chief producer Judith Mou, the band representative Shen Lihui, the founder of Modern Sky, and the band representatives attended several forums, which let us know more stories before and after the show and the changes brought to too many people.

　　Reveal the past

　　Xu’s two "soul tortures" won Shen Lihui.

　　A year ago, Ma Dong and Judith Mou approached Shen Lihui, the founder of Modern Sky, and said that they wanted to make a variety show of bands and invited the signing bands of Modern Sky to participate. At that time, Xu conquered Shen Lihui with two "soul tortures": "First, do you believe in the resources of iQiyi’s S+ level? Second, do you believe in Miwei Media? " The two sides finalized the cooperation within ten minutes. With the help of Shen Lihui, Xu got in touch with music institutions such as Taihe and Street Sound, and by the way, he also settled the broadcasting platform iQiyi.

　　In Summer of the Band, the importance of Shen Lihui and the modern sky is obvious. Among the 31 teams participating in the competition, there are five bands, including New Pants and Painful Yang, which belong to Modern Sky. Half of the top seven programs are from Modern Sky, and New Pants and Painful Yang, the top two of HOT5, both signed contracts with Shen Lihui.

　　When you find Shen Lihui, you actually find the key to the band.

　　Respect works and highlight musicians’ personality.

　　In Ma Dong’s memory, during the recording of the program, "all kinds of accidents happen every day". Comparing the differences between idol programs and band programs, Judith Mou said, "If I do idol programs, I may have more control over myself. However, when doing band programs, we must always remind the planning team to collect some, because the band’s energy is too great, and the musicians are very individual. All we can do is give advice, and every band will communicate when choosing songs. "

　　Chen Hui, the lead singer of the Face Band who participated in the competition, said, "We refused to be on the show before. I met my third brother (bassist Ou Yang) several times, and I felt that we would not be in danger when the time came, but we had integrity. We were actually the last to join the show. " Chen Hui admitted that the reason why he agreed to participate in the competition was moved by Miwei Media. "Summer of the Band completely broke the contents of the reality show, that is, it highlighted the music and showed great respect for the personalities and works of all musicians. This is the best place for the program."

　　Of course, the running-in between the two sides is also skillful. One of the keys is that "80% of our band program directors are girls." Judith Mou said.

　　Chen Hui’s experience is, "A 20-year-old girl tells you, ‘ Tran Huy Nang can’t change another song, this one really can’t stand it ’ . We will change the song immediately. "

　　Reveal the status quo

　　"Do you know how much Peng Lei earns a year?"

　　In China’s music ecological environment, it is a commonplace topic that independent musicians have a hard life. Many people think that the band is in a worse situation. However, when "Summer of the Band" dragged these bands who "cherish integrity and refuse business" to the public, people found that there was a big gap between the real situation and the imagination.

　　"After about three episodes of the program, a girl I haven’t contacted for many years suddenly transferred 10,000 yuan to me on WeChat, ‘ Please be sure to give it to Peng Lei, he is too difficult. ’ I replied, ‘ Do you know how much he earns a year? ’” Peng Lei’s new pants band has signed a contract with Modern Sky for 22 years. "The band has a fixed income to participate in the music festival. Before" Summer of the Band ",New Pants had a performance of 400,000 and admired 450,000." Shen Lihui once posted an account in an interview with Guiquan. "There are 300 music festivals in China a year, and (the band) sings 20 times, with an annual income of nearly 10 million; Livehouse, which is divided into box offices, plays 50 performances a year. If a ticket costs 200 yuan per game, 1,000 spectators will be 200,000. " After taking part in the program, the appearance fee of mourning did not go up, but New Pants probably went up by 12%. Shen Lihui believes that these two bands have already started from a very high level. The most direct change brought to New Pants by participating in the program is the increase in the number of fans. Halfway through the show, the new pants band was 880 thousand short of millions of fans. By the end of the show, their fans had exceeded 1.15 million.

　　In Judith Mou’s words, New Pants went to the show with admiration, "It is most important that they have fun". In the "summer", I am afraid that young bands like Hedgehog Band, penicillin, click#15, Fruit VC and Jiulian Zhenren who have been suffering for many years have benefited the most.

　　Although fruity VC was eliminated in the first round, lead singer Liu Zitao said, "At this time of last year, we had an average of three performances, and this year we have seven, and the number has really improved"; Liu Jin, convener of Indie Works, said that the commercial prices of its branded bands such as Hedgehog and click#15 have increased more than 10 times on the original basis; "Summer" made Mr.Miss’s fame soar geometrically, the number of jobs increased greatly, and his income increased slightly.

　　Variety is moving closer to valuable music.

　　For the faces who are at the top of the band’s food chain like "New Pants", going on the show mainly brings spiritual satisfaction. "Many people saw us and joined us in Weibo, and then they will come wherever we perform. We touched ‘ Summer ’ The light is not only us, but many people listen to the songs of the previous era and even listen to the bands of that era to feel that era because of us. I think this is meaningful. "Chen Hui said.

　　At the same time, Chen Hui also believes that "summer" is stained with the light of the face. "I think the face band may make" Summer of the Band "more upscale." Shen Lihui agrees with this statement of mutual fulfillment. "There is no contradiction between variety and music. Take ourselves as an example, because ‘ Fast man ’ Singing "Miss Dong" gave us a bigger spread point. Later, ‘ Good voice ’ "Nanshan South" was sung again, and the program group wanted to invite Ma Di (the original singer) to sing with the students. As a result, he would not go anyway. "

　　Shen Lihui said, "At least seven or eight variety shows are related to original music this year. When variety shows are leaning towards original music and moving closer to truly valuable music, there are not so many contradictions between the two, which is a general trend. "

　　Questioning the future

　　For the people with the strongest purchasing power or for young people?

　　Why is Summer of the Band popular? Many people think that its success can’t be separated from two reasons. First, it found a good band, and second, it caught the silent middle-aged people. Some people who don’t watch variety shows began to watch variety shows, and some people who don’t listen to rock music began to listen to rock music. However, the latter point may not be consistent with Ma Dong’s idea. "I don’t understand what a circle is. From the perspective of customer service, marketing and market positioning, everything should have this strong awareness — — To serve more people. In our hearts, Miwei has always been a targeted content production organization serving young people, targeting people aged 18-35, that is, the people with the strongest overall purchasing power. "

　　He took Miwei Media’s fist product "Qi Pa Shuo" as an example. "In the first season, our general director was 25 years old, and by the fourth season, he was almost 30 years old. So did the audience who accompanied us all the way down. They were our iron fans. They asked the program to be deeper and more philosophical, but most young people didn’t buy it.

　　"So in the fifth season, we put down these iron powders — — Put their opinions aside. We think we should still serve people aged 20-25. In the first season of Qipa Shuo, they were still watching Happy Camp. At that time, they were 15 years old and were not bothered by love, workplace, relationship with their parents and many social factors at all. By the time they were 20 years old, when he began to worry, the fifth season of Qipa Shuo might help these young people. As a result, the traffic data in the fifth quarter of "Qi Yu Shuo" has more than doubled compared with the fourth quarter. "

　　This strategy will also be used in the second season of Summer of the Band. "Maybe the first season of" Summer of the Band "today touched the memories of many people in their 30s around me. But I said what the goal of the second season is to be younger and let the band resonate with more young people. On this basis, we believe that what really touches people is the content itself, not what you originally called market positioning and direction. "

　　Can it awaken the enthusiasm of middle-aged people for music festivals?

　　Serving young people may be more urgent for the band. "In the past, we never looked at the data, just follow what we like, but we occasionally looked at the data in the last two years." Shen Lihui introduced that strawberry music festival can sell about 1 million tickets offline every year.

　　How old is the strawberry music festival? The data shows that about 80% of the audience at the peak of Strawberry Music Festival are 19 years old, 18-mdash; 20-year-olds account for nearly 80%-90% of the body mass, and about 75% of them are girls. The mainstream audience of MDSK Music Festival dominated by Hip-Hop is younger — — Seventeen years old.

　　"The audience at the festival is really young. Foreign music festivals can see many people aged 40 and 50. China is completely different. When China is 30 and 40 years old, life is completely different. This is a topic we have to think about. " Shen Lihui said.

　　So, did Summer of the Band awaken the middle-aged people’s enthusiasm for music festivals? Shen Lihui replied, "In terms of the number of the whole music festival, there may be a big or small increase. In terms of the ticket sales speed of the music festival, we found that this program will be faster later, but for the whole music festival, there is not such a big change, indicating that many people have not turned into action."

　　Text/Reporter Zuwei Coordinator/Man Yi

The five strongest lineups of the Twin Cities Cup in the Battle of the Golden Shovel: the White Devil Bodyguard Sniper, the Variant Holy Shield Big Mouth Lineup, the Syndicate Akali, the Pinduoduo Blasting and Killing the Rat King, and the Reward Turn to the Ninth Five-Year Plan. These lineups have all climbed to the top on five platforms, including an upgraded version of the White Devil Bodyguard Sniper — — Jess, who keeps secrets, is particularly prominent.

　

First, the battle of the golden shovel The lineup of the White Devil bodyguards in the Twin Cities Cup qualifiers

1. The white magic bodyguard being a hero:

Miss Doom, Ember, Bloom, Jess, Tariq, brits, Arianna, Janna, Yumi.

　

2. White magic bodyguard sniper equipment:

Leona’s preferred equipment:An archangel’s staff, a sniper’s coat of arms, a spear of a new moon.

Ember preferred equipment:The last whisper, giant catcher, mercury

Jess preferred equipment:Titan’s determination, thorn armor, African claws

Bloom preferred equipment:Thorn armor, African claws, fanatic armor

Youmi preferred equipment:morellon omicon

3. White Magic Bodyguard Sniper Heicks Technology:

The heart of the sniper, the soul of the white wizard, standing behind me, the heart of the bodyguard, hitting the weakness and soaring.

Second, the battle of the golden shovel The Shuangcheng Cup qualifier variant Shengdun big mouth lineup

1. The mutant saint shield big mouth hero:

Galen, Kemo, Catherine, Graves, Mondo, Jess, brits, Casadin, Tam.

2. Variant holy shield big mouth equipment:

Galen preferred equipment:Maniac armor, African claws, thorn armor.

Kekemo’s preferred equipment: the violent blade of Ghost Rope, the fist of justice, and the giant catcher.

3. Variation of Shengdun Big Mouth Heicks Technology:

Badminton player I, the heart of the holy shield, soaring, the heart of the mutant warrior, unstable evolution, and fighting spirit against the wind

　

Third, the battle of the golden shovel Syndicate Akali lineup in the Twin Cities Cup qualifiers

1. Syndicate Akali hero:

Akali, Sacco, Bloom, Jiela, Dreius, Tariq, Janna, Arianna.

2. Syndicate Akali equipment:

Akali preferred equipment:Infinity edge, guardian angel, archangel’s staff

Bloom preferred equipment:Maniac armor, African claws, thorn armor.

Sacco preferred equipment:Infinity edge, the violent blade of Guisuo

Jiela preferred equipment:morellon omicon

3. Syndicate Akali Heicks Technology:

The crown of the syndicate, the crown of the assassin, the smoke bomb, the battle of cutting throat, soaring, the heart of the syndicate

　

Fourth, the battle of the golden shovel, the Twin Cities Cup qualifier, Pinduoduo exploded and killed the rat king lineup

1. Pinduoduo killed the hero of the rat king:

Twitch, Camille, Isoriel, Kieran, Xin Jide, Warwick, Jess, Salfenny.

2. Pinduoduo blasting kill flowing rat king equipment:

Twitch’s preferred equipment:Infinity edge, the last whisper, Hurricane Luana.

Camille’s preferred equipment:Redemption, African Claw, Thorn Armor

Akali preferred equipment:Archangel’s staff, guardian angel

Xin Jide’s preferred equipment:morellon omicon

Isoriel’s preferred equipment:Thief gloves

Jess preferred equipment:Thief gloves

3. Pinduoduo explodes and kills the stray rat Wang Haike Technology:

Direct attack weakness, featherweight player II, golden ticket, Pandora’s equipment, instant injection, featherweight player III.

　

Five, the battle of the golden shovel Shuangcheng Cup qualifiers bounty to the ninth five-year line-up

1. The bounty turns to the hero of the Ninth Five-Year Plan:

Early stage:Bounty hunters: Illaoi, Tam, Captain, Female Gun, Quinn 4 fights: Tam, Wei, Mondo, Zach (Big Bug).

Later period:Jin Kesi, Kasha, Jess, Tam, Yumi, Gariod, Mondo.

2. Bounty to Ninth Five-Year Plan Equipment:

Kasha:Ghost rope’s violent blade, pearlescent armguard, fist of justice.

Jinkesi: Pearl Guard, infinity edge, Giant Catcher

Jess:Thorn armor, Titan’s determination, African cat: ghost book, auxiliary outfit

Tam:Faqiangzhuang

Mondo:African claw, thorn armor, fanatic armor.

3. The reward is transferred to Heicks Science and Technology in the Ninth Five-Year Plan:

Bounty hunter’s soul, bounty hunter’s heart, ancient archives, clear mind, unexpected wealth, fighter’s soul, Titan’s strength, high-end shopping.

　

　

　　BEIJING, July 5 (Xinhua)-Confrontation and dialogue, conflict and compromise have always been two opposing and interdependent aspects in the international political arena. In the past six months in 2013, the global situation has been fluctuating, and there are many tense confrontations and dialogues that attract worldwide attention, from which we can find some threads of the development of the international situation.

　　The first US dollar dialogue: "No tie" lights up Sino-US diplomacy.

　　There is no 21-gun salute, no honor guard and welcoming ceremony, and there is no need to sit at the negotiating table … At the beginning of June this year, the meeting between the heads of state of China and the United States, unlike the previous "no tie", attracted the attention of Chinese people and the whole world.

　　On June 7-8, the Supreme Leader of president, China and US President Barack Obama met in California. This is the first face-to-face contact between the Chinese and American heads of state after the change of government.

　　The dialogue between the heads of state of China and the United States is very special. The meeting place was not the White House, but the picturesque California manor. The leaders of the two sides opened their shirts and collars without ties, saving all red tape. The "no tie" dialogue enabled the two heads of state to have heart-to-heart and in-depth exchanges on major issues in a relaxed and private environment.

　　In the two days, the time spent by the heads of state of China and the United States together exceeded eight hours. Diaoyu Island issue, South China Sea issue, cyber security, North Korean nuclear issue, economic cooperation … At this "no tie meeting", the two heads of state openly and frankly communicated and discussed many issues. The two sides not only talk about cooperation, but also avoid differences. The time, quality, depth and breadth of interaction are unprecedented.

　　As a result of the talks, the two heads of state agreed to work together to build a new type of relationship between China and the United States, promote the construction of a new type of military relationship between China and the United States, and respect each other and win-win cooperation. The handshake between China, the world’s largest developing country, and the leader of the world’s largest developed country, the Supreme Leader, and Obama at California Manor opened a new chapter in Sino-US "trans-Pacific cooperation".

　　Dialogue between the Korean and Korean authorities: it seems like a bright future, but the mountains are heavy.

　　In the first half of this year, the situation on the Korean Peninsula seemed to be on a "roller coaster", which rose and fell in just a few months, but suddenly turned around at the critical moment. However, even if you are willing to "talk", it is still full of twists and turns.

　　In the past few months, the situation on the peninsula has really made people sweat: North Korea conducted a nuclear test, South Korea-US military exercises, the hotline between South Korea and North Korea was cut off, North Korea restarted its nuclear reactor, and the Kaesong Industrial Park completely stopped running … All kinds of signs once made the outside world think that the Korean peninsula had reached a state of "war is imminent".

　　However, since May, North Korea has clearly expressed its willingness to talk to the international community by receiving the Japanese Prime Minister’s adviser and sending a special envoy to visit China. At the beginning of June, North Korea even abandoned its previous tough attitude and made a rare proposal for intergovernmental dialogue to South Korea.

　　The South Korean government quickly seized the opportunity of North Korea’s "goodwill". Just a few days later, the director-level working talks between the ROK and the DPRK were held in Panmunjom, paving the way for the next ministerial talks.

　　然而，就在外界看好局势发展的当口，情况却发生转折性变化。朝鲜以韩方会谈团长“级别过低”为由，单方面宣布取消原定于12日举行的当局会谈。

　　韩朝6月初的政府间对话就这样几乎在最后一刻中断，但7月4日，新的消息传来：韩朝一致同意于6日在板门店举行工作会谈。此外，朝鲜还表示愿意重返六方会谈。韩朝间看似“柳暗花明”、实则“山重水复”的沟通能否顺利继续，值得关注。

　　美国、阿富汗、塔利班：陷入“三角债”困局的谈判

　　12年前，美军进入阿富汗与塔利班武装人员作战，打响“9?11”袭击后的反恐战争“第一战”，就在历经12年战争、死伤数千人之后，阿富汗局势似乎初露和谈曙光，但却因美国、阿富汗政府、塔利班之间的“三角”纠葛搁浅。

　　6月18日，阿富汗塔利班宣布在多哈开设和谈办公室，随后有美国官员确认美方将与塔利班进行直接谈判。此举引起阿政府不满，阿总统卡尔扎伊19日宣布中止阿美《双边安全协议》协商进程，同时取消阿高级和平委员会赴多哈和谈安排。由于遭到阿政府强烈抗议，原定于20日举行的美国和塔利班首次会面被取消。

　　When the news of the talks was released, international public opinion was cautiously optimistic about it. Some analysts believe that the deep-seated reason for the delay in the negotiations is that the three parties have their own "wishful thinking", and the negotiations will be a dilemma with no end in sight.

　　Through negotiations, the United States wants the Taliban to publicly renounce its relations with Al Qaeda, end its violence in Afghanistan and recognize the Afghan Constitution. The United States should avoid giving people the impression of walking away and seek a dignified withdrawal from Afghanistan; The purpose of the Afghan government is to "woo" the Taliban, persuade them to lay down their arms, join the government-led reconciliation process, and maintain and consolidate the government’s orthodoxy and legal status; The Taliban, from the position of strength, tried to share power with the government through negotiations, so as to gain time, gradually expand and restore the Taliban regime.

　　The analysis believes that after more than 10 years of war, the balance of power among the three parties has undergone a fundamental change. Although the three parties came to the negotiating table under the banner of reconciliation process, they all wanted to get something that could not be achieved on the battlefield at the negotiating table, which doomed the negotiations to be difficult to make substantive progress.

　　Just when the negotiations ran aground, the violence cast a heavier shadow on them. On June 25, the presidential palace in Afghanistan was attacked by Taliban militants, and four armed men died in an exchange of fire with the police. This is an attack launched by the Taliban against the highest-level targets in Afghanistan since its offensive in April this year.

　　Although after the violence, US President Barack Obama and Afghan President Hamid Karzai reiterated their support for negotiations with the Afghan Taliban. However, it is still difficult to predict when the peace talks facing many variables will start. The peace process in Afghanistan remains worrying.

　　Difficult situation in Syria: domestic dialogue is hopeless and international conference is difficult to produce.

　　In the middle of 2013, the Syrian crisis, which lasted for more than two years, is still far from being resolved. Bashar al-Assad, who "sticks to" the presidency, has very different political views from the Syrian opposition. The two sides are still mired in the deadlock of confrontation and confrontation, and the road to dialogue and reconciliation is still long.

　　In January this year, Assad put forward a new peace initiative and transition plan, calling for national dialogue to end internal conflicts. However, Assad’s peace initiative did not bring dawn to the chaotic situation in Syria. The Syrian opposition said that unless Assad stepped down or did not have any preconditions, there would be no dialogue.

　　For more than half a year, the Syrian government forces and the opposition have continued to wage a tug-of-war in Syria’s major towns. The two sides have blamed each other on whether to use chemical weapons and whether to kill civilians indiscriminately. The extent to which the domestic security situation in Syria has deteriorated is not difficult to see from the latest data released by the United Nations-it is conservatively estimated that at least 93,000 people have died in the Syrian crisis.

　　In addition, the Geneva International Conference on Syria, which was expected to find a political solution to the Syrian crisis, was also delayed. Since the beginning of June, the United Nations, the United States, Russia, Syria and other parties have held many consultations, but still failed to reach an agreement on key issues such as the convening time and participants. On June 25th, the United Nations-Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria Brahimi said that the meeting scheduled for July could not be held as scheduled because the Syrian opposition was still not ready.

　　At the same time, at the beginning of June, when the war situation began to develop in favor of the Syrian government forces, more than a dozen countries, including the United States, decided to provide emergency military assistance to the opposition in Syria in order to "balance the domestic forces in Syria."

　　But there is no doubt that such a "balance" will only aggravate the antagonistic situation in Syria and make the political solution to the crisis farther away from Syria. When the two sides in Syria can start a dialogue and when the Syrian people can regain peace will remain a long-term problem.

　　Conclusion:

　　Take stock of the conversations worth reviewing in the first half of this year, including successes, failures and unresolved issues. No matter how fierce the confrontation is, "dialogue" is still a good way to solve problems and bridge the differences between the opposing sides. In the future, confrontation and conflict will inevitably continue in the international political arena, but people still hope that there will be more and more dialogues and communication in the international community in the future, injecting more "catalysts" for achieving peace and reconciliation.

-Speech at the 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Work Conference of the State Language Commission.

　　Vice Minister of Education and Director of the State Language Committee　　 Zhao qinping

　　(28 November 2006)

Dear experts and comrades,

　　The 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Conference of the State Language Commission was held here today to summarize the scientific research work of the State Language Commission and local language commissions during the 10th Five-Year Plan, discuss the 11th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan for the application of spoken and written languages, and study and deploy the scientific research work of the language commission system. At the same time, the 43rd national Putonghua proficiency tester qualification examination training course started here today. Putonghua training test is one of the three basic measures to promote Putonghua, which has made remarkable achievements in the past ten years. I would also like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the vast number of testers, experts and scholars who participated in testing research and comrades in various regions and industries who care about and support this cause!

　　Below I will talk about three aspects of the scientific research work on the application of language and characters in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.

　　Building a harmonious language life is the goal of language work.

　　On October 11th, 2006, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) adopted the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues in Building a Harmonious Socialist Society. The "Decision" holds that: "Social harmony is the essential attribute of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guarantee for the country’s prosperity, national rejuvenation and people’s happiness." "Social harmony is the unremitting goal of our party."

　　Language is the most important symbol system for human communication and thinking, an important part of culture and the most important cultural carrier. The attribute of language determines that language life is an important part of social life, and the harmony of language life is an important manifestation of social harmony and an important factor to promote social harmony. To build a harmonious society, language and writing workers have an important historical mission.

　　At present, China’s language life is harmonious on the whole, but there are also many problems that need to be treated scientifically and properly. For example:

　　1. The relationship between Mandarin and dialects;

　　2. The relationship between the languages of all ethnic groups in China;

　　3. The relationship between mother tongue education and foreign language learning;

　　4. Protection of endangered languages;

　　5. The relationship between the international spread of Chinese and the domestic language and writing work;

　　6. The communication of language life between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait;

　　7. Language communication among Chinese communities in the world;

　　8. Language and writing problems in virtual space in China.

　　To treat the problems in current language life scientifically and properly, we must understand the national conditions of the language. It is necessary to monitor and study the situation of language life, especially the hot issues of language life, and make a scientific analysis by setting up a national language resource monitoring and research center. It is necessary to advocate a pragmatic style of study, support the field investigation of local languages, and support the investigation and study of language life in all fields of society. We should pay attention to summing up the historical achievements of language and writing work in China, draw lessons from foreign experience reasonably, and be good at summing up the laws from today’s work practice. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of the national language policy and language standards, attach importance to the popularization of linguistic scientific achievements, actively provide high-quality language services to the society, help all sectors of society and the general public solve the language problems they encounter, and guide the language life to develop in a harmonious direction.　

　　Second, language science is the basis for doing a good job in language and writing.

　　The development of language and writing is regular, and the work of language and writing must follow the development law of language and writing. Language life is constantly developing and changing, and language work must grasp the basic situation and development trend of language life.

　　Great achievements have been made in the language and writing work in New China for more than 50 years, which has made important contributions to China’s cultural construction, scientific and educational development and economic and social progress, and also provided a solid foundation for today’s national informatization process. At the end of March this year, the meeting held by the Ministry of Education and the State Language Committee to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the publication of the State Council’s Resolution on the Simplification of Chinese Characters and the Instruction on Promoting Putonghua, and the academic seminar on the standardization of language and characters jointly held by the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Language Application of the Ministry of Education have made a good summary. Of course, there have been some mistakes in the work of language and writing in history, leaving a profound lesson. Historical practice shows that the effectiveness of language work depends on the understanding of the law of language development and the understanding of language life and its development trend. Therefore, in order to do a good job in language and writing, we must strengthen the research of language science.

　　In language science, basic research is very important, and the application research of language and writing plays a more direct role in the work of national language and writing. The basic research needs to be strengthened, but the applied research of language and writing develops late, with less achievements, which needs to be strengthened more. We should strive to form a relatively complete discipline system and education system of applied linguistics within a few years, establish a number of dynamic scientific research bases and talent training bases of applied linguistics, and cultivate a large number of applied linguistics talents with modern academic vision, innovative consciousness and compound nature to meet the needs of the country for applied linguistics. The discipline construction of applied linguistics should be put on the agenda, and a seminar on the discipline construction of applied linguistics can be held when necessary. The discipline construction of applied linguistics is more extensive than the scientific research of applied linguistics, including the construction of bases, the determination of research directions, the construction of teaching staff and the setting of degrees. From the perspective of scientific research, discipline construction emphasizes the research direction; From the perspective of personnel training, it emphasizes knowledge structure and curriculum system.

　　The country pays more and more attention to the interdisciplinary research between natural science and humanities. Applied linguistics is an applied discipline, especially with information technology, and also involves psychology, law, education and so on. In the past, the key laboratories of the Ministry of Education paid little attention to interdisciplinary subjects, especially those lacking the intersection of natural science and social science. In recent years, the country has begun to promote interdisciplinary subjects, especially the combination of natural science and social science, such as new media and digital art. Applied linguistics, especially computational linguistics, is a typical combination of information technology and linguistics. We should establish some bases in these areas, and these bases can become key laboratories of the Ministry of Education to a certain extent. I hope to see such key laboratories during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. The knowledge structure of applied linguistics talents should have at least three aspects: linguistic knowledge, interdisciplinary knowledge (such as information technology) and related cultural qualities.

　　Informatization is a subject that all countries in the world are very concerned about. Standardization and informatization of language and characters are the basis of realizing social informatization. It is important to promote the standardization and informatization of language and writing as an important task of applied linguistics research and as an important task of national language and writing work. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the introduction of modern information technology achievements into language research, into the application of social language and writing, and into the work of language and writing, so as to realize the modernization of language research means and language and writing work means.

　　 It is necessary to strengthen the research on the evaluation system of language and characters. The Putonghua training test in China has been carried out for more than ten years and has made great achievements. The proficiency test of Chinese characters is about to begin, and I believe it will also play a good social role. The Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK) for Chinese as a second language and the Chinese Proficiency Test (MSK) for ethnic minorities have been implemented successively, which has achieved good social reputation. However, we still lack the language proficiency assessment system of Chinese as the mother tongue. On the one hand, it is necessary to gradually improve the current Putonghua proficiency test and writing application ability test, and gradually adopt modern means to improve the quality and efficiency of testing and management; At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the evaluation system of language application in some important countries in the world, and strive to complete the comprehensive evaluation system of Chinese native speakers’ language ability in recent years in order to meet the needs of mother tongue education in schools at all levels and meet the needs of social industry access system and on-the-job training. This evaluation system, in cooperation with HSK and MSK, can form a complete Chinese proficiency test system in China.

　　Promoting scientific research is an important task for language committees at all levels.

　　Language and writing work is social, contemporary and academic. Especially in the current society, language concepts are diversified and language life is complicated. Language and writing management is always facing new situations and solving new problems. Therefore, it is necessary to have a solid scientific research as the foundation and a large number of experts as the backing to do a good job and improve the quality and efficiency of the work. Promoting the study of language science is an important task of language committees at all levels.

　　There are many departments concerned about language science research, and there are also many foundations involved in language research. In close contact with these departments and foundations, the State Language Committee should also formulate its own scientific research plan, set up scientific research teams and guide and coordinate the scientific research work of local language committees according to the work functions entrusted by the state. Apply for projects through multiple channels and strive for project funds. Because applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary subject, evaluation system and software construction can all apply for project funds from the science and technology department.

　　Local language and writing institutions should scientifically plan their local scientific research work, have the initiative to coordinate the local language and writing research work, and play an important role in the local language and writing research work. Local language committees should put scientific research on the agenda, incorporate it into the relevant work evaluation index system, implement the responsibility of scientific research management to people, and gradually form an incentive mechanism for language research. It is necessary to formulate scientific research plans according to local conditions, scientifically solve problems in local language life through academic research, and make contributions to the national language and writing research work. We should pay attention to the role of local universities and academic groups and rely on experts and scholars closely. It is necessary to give full play to subjective initiative, raise funds for scientific research in various ways, and comprehensively use traditional means and modern information technology to do a good job in publicizing and popularizing language policies and language norms and standards. Scientific research should be regarded as a new bright spot in the work of the Language Committee in the new period, so that the quality and management level of language and writing work in various places can be effectively improved through scientific research.

　　Comrades, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, with the efforts of national language researchers and language committees at all levels, China’s language application research has achieved fruitful results, and remarkable progress has been made in the development of language standards, information-processing-oriented language application research, tracking and monitoring of social language life, and modernization of research methods and information service means. A new situation has emerged in the national and local language and writing work, and new achievements and measures have been made in the legal construction of language and writing work, the evaluation of urban language and writing, the promotion of Putonghua, and the construction of language and writing training and evaluation system. On this basis, China’s future language and writing work, China’s future language and writing scientific research work, will certainly achieve greater results.

　　We should strive to promote the harmony of language life and contribute to the sustainable development of the country, the construction of an innovative country and the construction of a harmonious society!

　　Thank you!　

?Editor’s　Note:

Novel coronavirus is spreading around the world at an alarming rate, but we should not be surprised. Globalization has brought systemic risks. As the links between trade, finance, tourism, internet and other fields become closer and larger, they also become more complex and unstable.

Edward Lorenz, the father of chaos theory, pointed out that a butterfly flapping its wings over Brazil may trigger a tornado in Texas, USA. The increasingly integrated and complicated global economy makes it more vulnerable to the consequences of "Butterfly Defect". For example, major airport hubs are powerful promoters of the positive effects of globalization, but they are also powerful communicators of the negative effects of globalization, and one of the "public hazards" they spread is epidemic diseases.

The PUP author from Oxford University, who is to be introduced to you today, warned governments in a book published six years ago that the systemic risks brought by globalization would threaten all of us, and the next global crisis would probably stem from the widespread epidemic of a disease.

The extensive connection of people leads to health risks

The density and intensity of contact between people and between people and animals are the decisive factors for the development and spread of epidemic diseases. In 1967, Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment to quantify global connectivity. He found that people can meet any stranger through at most six people.

In 2011, Facebook analyzed its 721 million users worldwide, trying to find out how many steps it takes to establish contact between any two people. It turns out that even though users are separated by thousands of miles, any two users only need 4.7 "friends" on average to be connected.

Population growth and the expansion of travel scope, coupled with the intentional or unintentional transshipment of animals (mice on board or mosquitoes on the plane), have rapidly increased the risk of epidemic spread. As we saw in the SARS epidemic in 2003, a toxic pathogen usually only needs short contact to infect someone and spread it. This makes airplanes and international travel become vectors of disease transmission.

High concentration of people raises health risks.

In 2025, the proportion of urban population in the world is expected to rise to 70%. The population density in Tokyo is as high as 5,847 people per square kilometer, and one in every 25 people lives in a mega-city, so it is necessary to "monitor, prepare and respond to infectious diseases". This practice is very important everywhere, especially in places with high population density and poor sanitary conditions, places where people are in close contact with animals, and places where water sources are easily polluted.

The risk of agglomeration will also amplify the connectivity risk within urban agglomerations and around the world, especially because major airport hubs are often located next to these cities. If an infectious disease originated in a metropolis, it is almost impossible to stop it from spreading around the world. Large cities are also usually inhabited by floating population and businessmen connected with other continents.

Gossip and Panic —— Information Management in Epidemic Prevention and Control

Now, all kinds of information and rumors can spread almost instantaneously through the Internet and social media. With this ability, the risk of panic related to infectious diseases has also increased dramatically, which has doubled the complexity of epidemic management.

Information management is essential, because panic may systematically aggravate the danger of the epidemic: during the epidemic prevention and control period, the government needs to control the flow of people and drugs, and if people frantically buy and hoard drugs, masks and other materials out of panic at this time, many important services will be greatly affected by people’s reaction.

When trying to prevent large-scale panic, governments may also choose to suppress some important information. In the social network of the financial world, there is evidence that "individual decision makers usually pay attention to the behaviors, decisions and even beliefs of others who have social contact with them (such as the perception of risks)." It is in this sense that innovation and technology also increase the risk of infectious diseases; In addition to tangible channels of transmission, we also need to be aware of the existence of risks related to "social" infection.

Another challenge comes from the management of the dissemination of sensitive research information. For example, the debate revolves around the US government’s decision to ask the major scientific journals Nature and Science to suspend publishing research on the evolution of H5N1 influenza virus. According to Medical News Today, although these studies were finally published, they were "shelved because the international community was worried that making these data public would make it easier for terrorists to make chemical and biological weapons".

PUP content express:

The Butterfly Defect:　

How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do about It

　

Author: Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan

Publication date: October 20, 2015 (paperback edition)

ISBN:　9780691168425

Highlights of the book

The Butterfly Defect emphasizes the widening gap between the new systemic risks arising from globalization and its effective management. This book shows that the turbocharged globalization power has the potential and power to undermine the stability of our society. Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan borrowed the latest insights from various disciplines and provided practical guidance for governments, enterprises and individuals on how to better cope with globalization and its risks.

Goldin and Mariathasan proved that systemic risk problems are now ubiquitous in supply chain, epidemic, infrastructure, ecology and climate change, economy and politics. Unless we solve these problems, they will lead to greater protectionism, xenophobia, nationalism, and inevitable de-globalization, increased inequality, conflicts and slower development.

The Butterfly Defect shows that in an interconnected world, reducing uncertainty and risk is an important task for our future development.

About the author:

Ian Goldin & Mike Mariathasan

　

Ian Goldin

Dean of Martin College, Oxford University, UK, Professor of Globalization and International Development Department, Oxford University.

Mike Mariathasan

Assistant Professor, Department of Finance, University of Leuven, Belgium

　　After 70 years, India’s 200 million Dalits are still "like dirt" and it is difficult to break through the caste barrier

　　[Special correspondent of Global Times in India Zhou Liangchen Special correspondent of Global Times Zhang Xiaozhu Global Times reporter Xing Xiaotong] On the 25th, India officially welcomed Cowende, the president from the untouchable class. This is the second untouchable president in 20 years. Because Cowend’s campaign opponent is also an "untouchable", this makes many people feel that "untouchable" is getting more and more attention in India, and their spring has come. The actual situation is far from so optimistic. In the decades since Indian law abolished the caste system, although the lives of the people in Park Jung Su (also known as untouchables) at the bottom have been greatly improved, and many elites have emerged from the political and business circles, they are, after all, a very small number of the 200 million untouchables. In Indian society dominated by Hinduism, especially in rural areas, most "untouchables" are still deeply bound by traditional "hidden rules". Although the modern democratic electoral system has made "untouchables" the darling of the election season, the reality is that "someone here is not disturbed by his life experience when he becomes president, and it is embarrassing to be murdered and raped there."

　　Contrast-someone is president and someone is on hunger strike.

　　"A Da Park Jung Su has become the president of this country, but in a village in Andhra Pradesh, 300 Da Park Jung Su families are facing social exclusion." On the 25th, Cowende, who was born as a Dalit, was formally sworn in as the President of India, which was a big day for the large Dalit class. However, the website of India Today reported that more than 300 Dalit families in Andhra Pradesh began to hunger strike indefinitely on the same day to protest against discrimination by high caste groups.

　　The incident originated on April 24th when the local people in Park Jung Su erected a statue of Ambedkar (a lawyer from "Dalit" background, known as "the father of Indian Constitution"), but it was opposed by the high caste community, and the statue was removed by unidentified people within a few hours. Moreover, because Da Park Jung Su people mainly work in agriculture but have no land, high-caste landowners refuse to continue to employ them.

　　On the 26th, New Delhi TV station paid attention to the reaction of Park Jung Su community in Bonda, the northern part of Cowend’s hometown. According to the article, Cowend’s inauguration as president has hardly caused repercussions in the village of Mubarakpur, where Park Jung Su people are the majority, and everyone can’t agree whether he will bring good luck to the people of Park Jung Su. A pharmacist in Da Park Jung Su mentioned that local villagers had recently built a separation wall. According to this report, in another Da Park Jung Su village 5 kilometers away, many people still don’t know who Cowende is.

　　Not only the people in Park Jung Su who are at the bottom, but also to many Indians, Cowend is a stranger. Some analysts said that the ruling People’s Party launched Cowende in order to win the votes of the "untouchables" in the 2019 general election. After all, there are 200 million people in this group. There are "untouchables" complaining. Instead of this, it is better to let "untouchables" enter the temple and get water from the well …

　

　

　　Participation in the situation-from discrimination to violence

　　"Dalits, like the word proletariat, stand for’ oppressed people’ and have been widely used in Indian society in recent years." Manorankin Mohanty, chairman of the Institute of China Studies in India and former professor of political science at Delhi University, said in an interview with the Global Times that "the Indian Constitution explicitly opposes caste discrimination, and the law allows Dalits to enter temples and fetch water, but that is only at the legal level. The discrimination against Dalits has not been eliminated in real life."

　　About 80% of Indians believe in Hinduism, and they were born in the caste order. According to the traditional teachings of Hinduism, people of high caste are polluted just by seeing Da Park Jung Su, let alone touching it. Da Park Jung Su had to carry a bag with him when he went out in ancient times, so as not to pollute the land. If they travel during the day, they should bring a bell and ring it in advance to remind people to avoid it.

　　Even today, in some Indian rural areas, if you see someone walking with their shoes in their hands instead of on their feet, it must be Da Park Jung Su. Because "Dalits" must be barefoot when they pass through the residential areas of high castes. There are also "untouchables" who ride through high-caste residential areas and have to get off and push them.

　　Walking around the Indian countryside, you will find that many villages are composed of two parts. Outside the village is a small residential area, and this "village outside the village" is the residence of "Dalits". Ordinary villagers generally don’t visit the homes of "Dalits", and "Dalits" don’t visit the village except to provide services. The temples used by ordinary villagers do not allow "untouchables" to enter, and the wells do not allow them to use them.

　　An article in The New York Times about Indian "caste discrimination" once told a case: a grieving father reported to the police that his daughter was missing, but the police asked, "What caste are you?" When he revealed that he belonged to a low caste, the police laughed at him and gave him no attention. A few hours later, the bodies of his 12-year-old daughter and 14-year-old niece were found hanging from a tree, and both were raped.

　　According to the article, the upper castes are rarely put into prison for raping da Park Jung Su people, and if they need to defend themselves, they can always find a statement: We will never touch women with lower castes. In a case in 1995, the accusation of gang rape made by a woman in Park Jung Su was rejected by the judge on the grounds that "it is impossible for an upper-caste person to rape a lower-caste woman to get dirty".

　　According to a report of the Indian National Human Rights Commission in 2010, crimes against Da Park Jung Su people occur every 18 minutes; On average, three da Park Jung Su women are raped and two are murdered every day. Park Jung Su people are not only worried about their safety, but also their overall quality of life is quite low: about 37% of Park Jung Su people live below the poverty line, 83 out of every 1,000 children in Park Jung Su die before their first year, and 12% do not live to their fifth year.

　　According to the statistics of the National Crime Records Bureau of the Indian Ministry of Interior, from 2009 to 2015, there were about 227,000 recorded crimes against Park Jung Su people. From 2009 to 2013, there were 3,194 murders in Da Park Jung Su, and 7,849 women in Da Park Jung Su were raped. Because the defendants and their supporters (including the police) destroyed evidence, obstructed trials and threatened witnesses, the conviction rate in these cases was very low.

　

　

　　Care-decades of "reservation policy"

　　Indian society does not turn a blind eye to what happened to the Da Park Jung Su people. After India’s independence in 1947, under the vigorous advocacy of the civil rights leader of Dalit, Ambedkar, the Indian Constitution not only explicitly stipulated that caste discrimination was illegal, but also implemented a "reservation policy" for Dalit and remote tribes, that is, reserved certain places for them in government departments, state-owned enterprises and institutions of higher learning. Because these ethnic groups are listed in the schedule of the Constitution, they are called "scheduled castes" and "scheduled tribes".

　　When visiting Nehru University in India, the Global Times reporter found that the proportion of care for "list castes" here is quite large. It can be said that nearly half of the students are "disadvantaged classes" who are taken care of, and many of them are far away from their hometowns in southern or northeastern India. The common feature of these students is that they are diligent and eager to learn.

　　The reporter has a doctor friend at Nehru University, with dark skin and a belief in Buddhism. Later, it was pointed out that those people who look "very Indian" but believe in Buddhism are probably from Park Jung Su, but they rarely mention their origins, but struggle silently.

　　In order to get rid of the fate of oppression, many people in Park Jung Su changed their religious beliefs. According to statistics, nearly 90% Buddhists, 1/3 Sikhs, 1/3 Catholics and most Muslims in India were once "untouchables". But on the whole, proselytes are still a minority.

　　The Indian government has promulgated many laws for the people of Park Jung Su, such as the Civil Rights Protection Act of 1955 and the Anti-Atrocities Act of 1989. In 2015, the amendment to the Anti-Atrocities Act clearly pointed out that Da Park Jung Su people have the right to use public facilities and have the right to enter religious places of worship. If anyone intentionally interferes, it will be considered as a violation of the Anti-Atrocities Act.

　　For decades, many efforts have made great achievements, especially the "reservation policy" has played a positive role in breaking the occupational hereditary caused by the caste system and improving the social status of "untouchables". Outstanding figures from "untouchable" backgrounds appear constantly. In politics, there are two presidents, the chief justice and the speaker. Mayawati, known as the "untouchable queen", has served as the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state, for four times.

　　The attention paid to "Dalits" can be seen from this presidential election. The Indian Express said that when the chairman of the People’s Party announced Cowend as a candidate, he mentioned his caste background 15 times, and the Congress Party was forced to introduce the candidate of Da Park Jung Su. "Being a Da Park Jung Su suddenly became a virtue of Indian politics."

　　However, in the eyes of some da Park Jung Su people, once the election is over, I’m afraid no one will continue to care about their situation. Moreover, although Da Park Jung Su people have a certain proportion of seats in the legislature, there are not many people who actively speak for them. On the one hand, these politicians are limited to belonging to different parties, on the other hand, they are afraid of their high-caste superiors.

　　Caste-at the core and secretive.

　　Some Indian scholars believe that the caste system can be said to be the core of Indian society to some extent. Just because it is at the "core", it can’t be seen on the surface, and it is secretly affecting the operation of this society. The caste system is very complicated. It is related to skin color but not absolute. It is related to occupation but not absolute.

　　A reporter from Global Times once saw a doctor in a hospital in New Delhi. He met a doctor with fair skin and elegant speech. Seeing that his signature was Sharma, he was basically a Brahmin. However, in contemporary India, there are also special cases in which Hindus from lower castes convert their families to other religions or even change their surnames. Sometimes in the workplace, people will consciously dilute the traces of caste, and some people with low castes like to "hide their names", such as all calling themselves "Kumar". A reporter from Global Times called the Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to find a staff member Mr. Kumar whom he had met before. As a result, there was laughter on the other end of the phone: There are more than a dozen Kumar in our office. Which one are you looking for?

　　Caste is a sensitive topic in India. If you ask Indians, many people will say that the caste system has died out and there is no caste discrimination. Many people are even more secretive about the situation of the "untouchables" at the bottom of the caste order. Recently, Global Times reporters interviewed several Indians, including two Indian journalists and a scholar, on the issue of untouchability, but they were all declined.

　　The complexity of the caste problem in India is also reflected in the "reverse discrimination" riots that have repeatedly erupted in recent years. At the beginning of last year, a high-caste ethnic group named Jat in Haryana strongly demanded to enjoy the preferential policies given by the state to low castes. Demonstrators blocked roads, burned down vehicle buildings and destroyed water delivery channels in many parts of the state, leaving tens of millions of people in the capital area facing water shortage.

　　Mohanty told the Global Times reporter that in cities, the situation of "Dalits" is much better, and many great scholars, writers, scientists, judges and civil servants all have the background of "Dalits". But in rural areas, discrimination is still common. It is a slow process to completely eliminate caste discrimination, which can not be achieved only by introducing legal provisions, but also by creating other corresponding conditions, such as land ownership and policy decision-making power.

　　Mohanty believes that the appearance of two "Dalit" presidents is undoubtedly an incentive to the "Dalit" class and enhances their "pride", but it can’t bring them benefits. Democratic elections and the "Dalit" rights movement have contributed to promoting social equality, but there is still a long way to go to achieve the goal of "eliminating caste" proposed by Ambedkar.

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Source: Blizzard China official Weibo

Over 500,000 players call overnight.

Writing/Meng Huiyuan

Editor/Li Jinlin

Typesetting/Annalee

In recent days, the game circle’s "Xi Fei returned to the palace" drama began.

On April 10th, Blizzard officially announced that it had reached an agreement with Netease to return to the China market, and vividly interpreted what it meant to be "divorced for nearly a year and a half, and it was better to return home".

At the beginning, when "wrangling" happened, Blizzard and Netease blamed each other, and the scene was once very ugly. Now, with Hershey, Blizzard and Netease can sit together again and discuss the compensation benefits for players. Of course, judging from various signs, the combination of game manufacturers is not only the need of their own development, but also the entanglement of interest exchange.

But no matter what kind of consideration, the behavior of the game company, only the players are finally injured.

Abandoned veteran player: I can’t stop cursing and can’t let go.

After Blizzard officially announced that its games will begin to return to the domestic market in the summer of 2024, netizens were excited for a while, and the excitement was comparable to that of the New Year.

Some people recall the past and want to relive the beauty of the game time: "I miss the vegetable garden on my mid-mountain, I miss whether my sunflower has eaten well, whether the song can be sung, and whether it will only be sung to me. I miss my hearthstone Tianma, which is healthy and unhealthy, and I will ride it to soar in the sky and travel all over Azeroth."

Some people care about the gains and losses, urging the players to pay compensation during the suspension period: "It is a good thing to return, but there are also some concerns to be raised here. For example, during the suspension of service, the store tokens and the monthly and annual rewards of the store; Rewards, prestige, illusion, etc. that are often missing in various activities (holiday activities) and weeks during the period of stopping taking medicine; The pvp season rewards that were missing during the suspension period, etc. The catch-up mechanism after the new service. If the above content is not handled well, the reopening of the national service is also the carnival of the studio. "

Others scolded from the beginning to the end, claiming that the most innocent players were gamers: "At that time, one person acted as if he didn’t need China players at all, and the other person said that the other party wanted our information to touch the bottom line. What does it mean to make up now? What is not the bottom line is not as important as money. "

Game players are all in phase.

Qin Zhen, a veteran Warcraft player, thinks that all the seemingly opposing voices on the Internet are understandable. "For example, the game World of Warcraft is basically a lot of youthful memories of the post-80s and post-90s. For this typical emotional game, the more people scold it, the more they love it. Moreover, scolding it is also afraid that it will abandon domestic players again. It’s a fatal blow that memories of youth, who has spent so many years, said no, no, no,no. "

"Imagine that one day Jay Chou collapsed and all the songs could not be heard. Can you accept it as an iron powder?" Qin Zhen told Zinc Scale that one of the most popular sayings among players now is: "Don’t forget that players are just victims of Microsoft and mobile violence". The point that makes everyone unhappy is that "the game company acts to let the players pay the bill. But the problem is that the player is innocent! " .

Obviously, at the beginning, Blizzard and Netease suddenly got divorced, which caught the players off guard. However, it seems sincere to see all kinds of promises and actions made by Blizzard officials after their return.

The discovery of zinc scale has been clearly mentioned in "Try to heal, then recover excessively-a letter to the national service Blizzard gamers", "When the server is turned on, we will ensure that your account data is completely preserved", directly feeding the players who are willing to return. A reassurance.

In addition, when Netease is recruiting for Blizzard Games, the released job requirements can also be seen as additional requirements such as "arranging sincere compensation content when the server restarts" and "fully understanding the game content during the suspension period, and arranging appropriate operational content to help players regain the opportunity to obtain these contents as much as possible".

These actions have made many Blizzard players who are "outspoken" consciously wait for the specific opening time. By the time the zinc scale was published, 525,000 people had reserved World of Warcraft. "Anyway, I have already made an appointment. The new’ cake’ drawn by the game company is delicious. Wait until I taste it first." Qin Zhen said so.

Looking at the market, Blizzard can’t let go of millions of players.

From November 2022, Blizzard announced that it would break up with Netease, and on April 10, 2024, Blizzard officially announced that it would return to cooperate with Netease again. Blizzard, which had made a high-profile announcement to withdraw from the China market, also chose a high-profile return after nearly a year and a half of absence (Blizzard’s Battle.net server in China was officially closed on January 24, 2023).

In fact, looking back, the reason why Blizzard and Netease "divorced" has been inconclusive.

At that time, it was rumored that the cooperation conditions proposed by Blizzard were harsh, requiring Netease to develop other IP mobile games for global distribution, but Netease was not allowed to share the proceeds except China, and Netease was required to provide a deposit and two-year advance payment. In addition, Blizzard also wants to control all intellectual property rights and data control for China players.

The statement issued by Blizzard said, "Because Netease has not reached a renewal agreement that conforms to Blizzard’s operating principles and promises to players and employees". In this regard, Netease said, "The conditions put forward by Blizzard are harsh, and it is impossible to reach an agreement on some key terms involving sustainable operation and the core interests of China players."

In other words, the core interests of the two companies are inconsistent, and cooperation will naturally not continue.

Although we can’t cooperate for the time being, the China market really smells good. After all, Activision Blizzard mentioned in the financial report of the third quarter of 2022 that the blizzard works jointly launched with Netease in Chinese mainland contributed about 3% of Activision Blizzard’s total revenue. According to the report of the new knowledge of the game, if the blizzard part is taken out independently, the "3%" here is equivalent to 13.5% of the revenue in 2022, equivalent to about 1.603 billion yuan.

Mike Ybarra, president of Blizzard, also said in an interview with the media: "There are millions of players in Chinese mainland who love Blizzard games, and everyone in Blizzard wants to make sure that they can play our games. We are a global company, and I hope Blizzard games will spread all over the world, including Chinese mainland. Therefore, when we make progress, we will evaluate this and see what will happen. "

The opportunity of "remarriage" appeared in October 2023, but this time the main body of cooperation with Netease changed from Blizzard to Microsoft.

According to a number of media reports, shortly after Microsoft officially acquired Activision Blizzard, the parent company of Blizzard Entertainment, for about 68.7 billion US dollars, it began to renegotiate the return of Blizzard’s national service with Netease, and it was basically finalized in December last year that it would re-cooperate. One of the clear clues is that on December 20, 2023, Netease Great God platform re-launched the World of Warcraft community.

Blizzard officially announces return

Anyway, now the boots have finally landed successfully. Even though we broke up with Netease, on the basis of cooperation for more than fifteen years in the past, this wonderful drama of reconciliation after breaking up always gives people an unexpected but reasonable feeling.

On the one hand, it is the version number problem. Blizzard’s whole family has a total of 12 version numbers registered under Netease’s name. If Blizzard changes its agent, it is necessary to reapply for the version number after the game stops serving, and the number of imported version numbers is more scarce than that of domestic games. On the other hand, it is a physical server. Even if the agent is changed, Blizzard has to get back the historical user data, which is now in Netease’s hands.

Therefore, in the eyes of many people in the industry, Netease has almost become a necessary option for Blizzard’s return, and the release of cooperation news only confirms their judgment.

Netease, the "pick-up man", laughed?

From Netease’s perspective, it was very ugly when we broke up with Blizzard.

Netease once fiercely countered in an official statement, "Blizzard’s proposal is outrageous, inappropriate and not in line with business logic", calling it "overconfident" and "take whatever you want, ride a donkey to find a horse, and get divorced". Netease canteen has also launched new dishes "Blizzard Green Tea Rape" and "Blizzard Green Tea Small Pacai", directly playing with stalks to insinuate Blizzard.

But once again, Netease is willing to actively strive for it.

Thanks to the help of mobile games such as Egg Party and Going Against the Water, and the stable performance of Fantasy Westward Journey, Netease’s game business revenue reached 81.6 billion yuan in 2023, up 9.4% year-on-year, accounting for 78.8% of the total revenue. This achievement made Netease offset the impact of its breakup with Blizzard in early 2023, and also drove the annual revenue to pass the 100 billion mark in one fell swoop.

However, the competition in the game industry in the domestic market is fierce. Take the Egg Party, which Netease values most, as an example. Although it has brought it a lot of revenue, the Egg Party is often caught in the whirlpool of negative public opinion of "inducing recharge" and "minors paying a large amount". At the same time, the same type of game "Yuan Meng Xing" created by Tencent’s late arrival has performed well, which has also brought a lot of pressure on the business performance of "Egg Party".

However, with the World of Warcraft, Hearthstone, Warcraft, Watching Pioneer, Diablo and StarCraft, and other games under Blizzard, they began to return to the Chinese mainland market one after another this summer. Netease can not only gather the hearts of a wave of old players, but also continue to rely on these classic games to increase their profitability, and can look forward to transforming these online games IP into mobile games IP later (Netease and Blizzard jointly produced the mobile game Diablo: Immortality before the "breakup", and the game performed well).

Blizzard game family barrels will return one after another.

In this way, after the second cooperation, Blizzard may make a small profit, but Netease will definitely not lose money. According to the latest report released by JPMorgan Chase, the re-cooperation between Netease and Blizzard is expected to bring 3% to 4% of the online game revenue of Netease.

What’s more, Microsoft also reached an agreement with Netease to try to bring new Netease games to Xbox and other platforms.

In this regard, Zhang Yi, CEO and chief analyst of Ai Media Consulting, said in an interview with Securities Daily that Netease also needs to increase its overseas revenue share. Microsoft promotes Netease games to log on to Xbox, which can give overseas players more opportunities to understand Netease’s game products. It is very important to enhance Netease’s brand influence and market share in overseas markets, and it is also an easy shortcut for Netease.

Generally speaking, the re-cooperation between Netease and Blizzard is not only the best choice made by them from their own personal perspectives, but also a win-win "commercial marriage".

END

Menghuiyuan

Email: coopert@163.com.

Introduction: You can talk about poetry and distance, and you can also talk about tea and streamer.

Focus areas: streaming media, Internet medical care.

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In March 1957, East China Normal University will hold a large-scale academic seminar. At the request of the organizer of the conference, Qian Gurong, then a lecturer in the Chinese Department of East China Normal University, wrote the article "On Literature as Human Studies" the month before. In May of that year, this paper was published in Literature and Art Monthly (predecessor of Shanghai Literature).

On "Literature is Humanism" begins with a clear meaning-Gorky once suggested that literature should be called "Humanism". Later, Qian Gurong explained this: "We often quote Gorky’s opinion when explaining that literature must be described by people and create vivid typical images. But our understanding stops here, only knowing that we can’t take a step forward because we are stuck in emphasizing the importance of writing people. In fact, the meaning of this sentence is extremely profound. We can simply regard it as a master key to understand all literary problems. Whoever wants to go deep into the literature and art hall, whether he is a creator or a theorist, must master this key. Without this key, theorists cannot explain a series of phenomena in literature and art; If the creator forgets this key, he can’t write exciting real works of art. "

To be honest, "literature is human science" is the key to understand all literary problems. As a unique language art of human beings, how can literature settle down without "people"? This is common sense. But just because it is common sense, people tend to be ignorant of it and don’t ask for a very good solution. For example, as a proposition that anchors China’s values of modern and contemporary literature, whose mouth did "literature is a study of human" originally come from? For a long time, the academic community has been unable to agree. Even Qian Gurong, who used this key to open the door to China’s modern and contemporary literature, has experienced repeated explorations. Today, the answer he gave himself may not be convincing.

Collected Works of Qian Gurong

Qian Gurong’s initial answer was Gorky. The full text of On Literature as Human Studies is more than 30,000 words, and Gorky’s name is mentioned 33 times. The gesture of "I note the Six Classics" is self-evident. However, after reading this article, you will find that the actual effect is "six classics note me". Interestingly, as far as the view of humanitarian literature expressed by Qian Gurong is concerned, Gorky’s literary theory, which is the "Six Classics" that he quoted, that is, the "proletarian artistic authority" (Leninist), is not solid and powerful in supporting the thesis. Gorky’s theory is not completely compatible with Qian Gurong’s point of view in some specific discussion links, such as the task of literature, the motivation of literary creation, the abstraction or concreteness of people in literature, and especially the typical creative mode of literature. On the contrary, in the same article, Chernyshevski, another Russian writer cited by Qian Gurong, is in the same breath as the author.

As a matter of fact, searching for the whole paper on "Literature is a study of humanity" does not show the words "Literature is a study of humanity" or the sentences such as "Literature is a study of humanity" in the form of Gorky’s direct quotation. Looking up Gorky’s related writings and speeches, I found no such expression.

In this case, why did Qian Gurong associate "literature is human studies" with Gorky? Obviously, he equated Gorky’s suggestion that "literature is called’ humanism’" with "literature is humanism". And where does "calling literature’ human studies’" come from? Qian Gurong said: "It comes from Timofeev’s Principles of Literature." In 1953, the Principles of Literature, published by Pingming Publishing House, was mentioned in many places, and Gorky called literature a "human study". However, in this edition of Principles of Literature, Timofeyev did not annotate the origin of Gorky. It was not until 1959, that is, two years after "On Literature as Human Studies" was written, that Timofeyev indicated in the revised edition of "Principles of Literature" that Gorky’s statement came from the article "On Skills". In 1979, People’s Literature Publishing House published this article. According to this version, Gorky’s original words are not "calling literature" human studies ",but" literature is the best literature of "people’s studies" or "human studies".

It is necessary to point out that, from Gorky’s original words to Qian Gurong’s quotations, the semantics have changed a long time ago after being reported by many texts and translated in different languages. But one thing is certain, Gorky is not the original creator of "literature is human studies".

Because of this, since the publication of "On Literature as Humanism", the controversy about the real origin of "Literature as Humanism" has never stopped. As a party to the debate, Qian Gurong’s attitude has also gone through the process from "defense-persistence" to "doubt-correction" and even self-denial. Finally, he admitted that "Gorky may not have said that literature is a human study".

Of course, denying Gorky, Qian Gurong didn’t give up solving the mystery he created. He found a new answer: Dana.

How did Qian Gurong find Dana? There are related descriptions in his correspondence and interviews in his later years:

In July 2003, Qian Gurong said in a letter to literary critic Li Ling: "I remember that one day in the 1990s, I happened to read the English version of A History of English Literature written by Tanner. In the preface of the book, Tanner said in plain language:’ literature, it is the study of man’. Turner was born in 1828, 40 years earlier than Gorky. The invention right of the phrase’ literature is human studies’ should not belong to Gorky, but to Turner. "

In March, 2005, Li Shitao, a classmate from Qian Gurong, mentioned this matter again, and the expression was basically the same, adding that Dana’s History of English Literature was kept in his family.

In June 2014, Qian Gurong repeated the above words in an exclusive interview with Ma Xinfang, a reporter from Shenzhen Special Zone Daily, only emphasizing that "the book History of English Literature has always been in my family, but I didn’t read it".

Qian Gurong’s book-flipping in the 1990s was a rock-breaking event. The three key clues he came across while turning pages —— Dana, the preface of English History of English literature, and "literature, it is the study of man" —— refreshed people’s understanding of the origin of "literature is the study of man".

Danner, a famous French philosopher, historian and literary theorist, had a far-reaching influence on literary research in the 19th century. In China, Dana’s most famous literary theory work is Philosophy of Art, which was translated by Fu Lei.

The History of English Literature, written by Dana from 1864 to 1869, has no complete translation in China, and some chapters are scattered in books compiled by others. For example, the second volume of Selected Western Literary Theories edited by Wu Yifu contains the second chapter of the preface to the History of English Literature; The Interpretation of Shakespeare’s Plays compiled by Zhang Ke and Wang Yuanhua contains the "Shakespeare Theory" in the History of English Literature.

"literature, it is the study of man", according to Qian Gurong, comes from the preface of the English version of The History of English Literature. Literally, it can indeed correspond to the Chinese saying that "literature is human studies".

If we deduce from these three evidences, the invention right of "literature is human studies" will undoubtedly belong to Dana. Never thought, a new round of questioning appeared soon, and it was rigorous and powerful. In the first issue of China Social Sciences in 2010, Liu Weiqin, a professor at South-Central University for Nationalities, published a paper "Reflections on the Proposition that Literature is a Human Study", which revealed a surprising fact-the original version of Dana’s History of English Literature was in French, while Qian Gurong read the English version. The popular English version of The History of English Literature was translated by Henri Van Laun. However, Liu repeatedly read the preface of this translation, but failed to find the words "literature, it is the study of man". Liu then consulted the preface of the original French version of The History of English Literature, and failed to find a French sentence corresponding to "literature is human studies". Even the sentence closest to "literature is human" is far from its precise meaning.

What is the problem? Let’s take a closer look at Dana and his writings.

The English Version of Dana’s History of English Literature

In the history of western literary theory, Danner was deeply influenced by Comte’s positivism and Darwin’s evolution theory, and borrowed natural laws to explain literary phenomena earlier. The representative work of Dana’s literary theory is the preface to the History of English Literature. In this article, Dana systematically expounded his famous theory of "three elements" of literary development, and he advocated that literary creation is determined by three forces: race, environment and times, which constitute the "internal root", "external pressure" and "acquired momentum" of literary development. The History of English Literature takes English literature as an example to prove the theory of "three elements".

It is true that the preface of the History of English Literature can be regarded as an article on literary theory, but it should be classified into the categories of cultural anthropology and historical sociology. Because Dana pays more attention to the general mental state and national temperament that produce literary works, the writer’s psychology and character as an individual are often ignored by him. As Dana’s teacher St. Pevey commented: Mr. Dana’s research method did not touch the unique and specific individuals, and he always stayed outside, letting the so-called talents and talents escape from the mesh.

Furthermore, Dana’s research paradigm of literary theory, which pays attention to the whole nationality, runs counter to the description of "concrete, living people" in literary works advocated by Qian Gurong in On Literature as Human Studies.

Therefore, it is understandable that Qian Gurong’s new answer-Dana, which was sought by the original creator of "literature is human studies", was questioned.

A good guess, perhaps, Qian Gurong turned to another English version of the History of English Literature in the 1990s; Perhaps, in that version, the English translator has drawn up a title and added a new note for the preface of the book, and "literature, it is the study of man" is part of the title or note …

Perhaps, it’s just that Qian Gurong’s memory is biased. However, with the death of the old gentleman, these have become unsolved mysteries.

Perhaps, we should make a bolder guess: before the publication of On Literature as Human Studies, no one explicitly said that literature is human studies. As one of the most important propositions in modern and contemporary China literature, "Literature is the study of human beings" was invented by the discoverer Qian Gurong himself. Truth is largely a matter of courage. Qian Gurong found a key to understand literary problems with great theoretical courage, but his humility made him devote his time and energy to a fruitless task-to find the person who made the key.

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